Study objective (from grant):

Specific aim 2. Our secondary aim is to determine whether improvements in mother to child
behaviors of HEALTH participants will explain all or part of changes in the weight trajectory of
the participants overweight (>85th percentile) or obese (>95th percentile) preschool child. Our
hypotheses are that at the conclusion of the study, when compared to the control group:
Hypothesis 2.1 There will be a significantly greater proportion of participants in the
HEALTH group who improve child feeding practices with their preschool child; 20, 21
Hypothesis 2.2 There will be a significantly greater proportion of preschool children in the
HEALTH group who maintain or reduce their weight as measured by BMI Z-score.22-24
Tables

Outcomes at baseline, 12, and 24 months, non-transformed variables

Outcome measures Baseline 12 Month 24 Month
Usual Care 10.4 (7.8) 11.4 (11.4) 12.9 (12.5) Commented [AM1]: p. 2, The MEANS Procedure table:
Intervention 10.9 (9.6) 11.3 (12.0) 14.5 (16.7) Mean (Std Dev)

BMI (kg/m2), mean p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.960 Dont fill Commented [AM2]: p. 6, Contrasts table
(SD) p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill pSidak=0.460
p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill pSidak=0.329
_obmi Overall p-value of
p=0.617 Dont fill Dont fill
interaction term Commented [AM3]: p. 6 Type 3 Tests of Fixed Effects
Model AIC 3706.3 Dont fill Dont fill table, ra_assignment*test line
Usual Care 81.8 (12.4) 78.4 (19.7) 79.2 (16.7) Commented [AM4]: p. 5, Fit Statistics table
Intervention 81.3 (12.8) 77.8 (18.7) 77.2 (20.4) Commented [AM5]: p. 23
BMI percentile,
p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.9210 Dont fill
Commented [AM6]: p. 27
rounded to the nearest
p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.8149
tenth (%), mean (SD)
p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.6989
_bmipercentile Overall p-value of
p=0.9272 Dont fill Dont fill
interaction term
Model AIC 4060.6 Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM7]: p.26
Usual Care 81.9 (12.4) 78.4 (19.7) 79.2 (16.7) Commented [AM8]: p. 44
Intervention 81.3 (12.8) 77.8 (18.7) 77.2 (20.4)
BMI percentile, not
p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.9193 Dont fill Commented [AM9]: p. 48
rounded (%), mean
p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.8185
(SD)
p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.7016
_bmipct Overall p-value of
p=0.9284 Dont fill Dont fill
interaction term
Model AIC 4060.6 Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM10]: p. 47
Usual Care 95.5 (6.8) 95.3 (9.5) 94.5 (10.5) Commented [AM11]: p. 65
BMI percentile, as Intervention 95.8 (8.2) 95.0 (9.5) 95.4 (13.0)
th
percent of the 95
p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.8611 Dont fill Commented [AM12]: p. 69
percentile for gender
p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.5952
and age (%), mean a
p-value 12M-24M Dont fill Dont fill p=0.4060
(SD)
Overall p-value of
p=0.7072 Dont fill Dont fill
_bmipct95 interaction term
Model AIC 3514.5 Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM13]: p.68
Usual Care 1.1 (0.7) 1.0 (0.9) 1.1 (0.8) Commented [AM14]: p. 86
Intervention 1.1 (0.8) 1.0 (0.8) 1.0 (0.9)
BMI-for-age z-score, p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.7411 Dont fill Commented [AM15]: p. 90
mean (SD) p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.9264
p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.8462
_bmiz Overall p-value of
p=0.9369 Dont fill Dont fill
interaction term
Model AIC 1005.8 Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM16]: p.89
 Usual Care 1.4 (0.8) 1.6 (0.8) 1.4 (0.8) Commented [AM17]: p. 107
Intervention 1.1 (0.7) 1.1 (0.8) 1.0 (0.7)
PFQ Factor 1 -
p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.1370 Dont fill Commented [AM18]: p. 111
Difficulty in Child
p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.2987
Feeding, mean (SD)
p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.9367
_pf_factor1 Overall p-value of
p=0.3271 Dont fill Dont fill
interaction term
Model AIC 931.6 Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM19]: p.110
Usual Care 0.6 (0.6) 0.6 (0.7) 0.7 (0.7) Commented [AM20]: p. 128
PFQ Factor 2 - Intervention 0.7 (0.7) 0.6 (0.6) 0.7 (0.8)
Concern about Child p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.4933 Dont fill Commented [AM21]: p. 132
Overeating or Being p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.5073
Overweight, mean (SD) p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.8516
Overall p-value of
p=0.7549 Dont fill Dont fill
_pf_factor2 interaction term
Model AIC 834.5 Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM22]: p.131
Usual Care 1.8 (0.8) 1.9 (0.8) 1.8 (0.8) Commented [AM23]: p. 148
Intervention 1.7 (0.9) 1.7 (0.9) 1.7 (0.9)
PFQ Factor 3 - Pushing
p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.8740 Dont fill Commented [AM24]: p. 152
the Child to Eat More,
p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.8552
modified, mean (SD)
p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.7074
_pf_factor3 Overall p-value of
p=0.9280 Dont fill Dont fill
interaction term
Model AIC 1051.8 Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM25]: p.151
Usual Care 0.8 (0.9) 0.7 (0.8) 0.6 (0.7) Commented [AM26]: p. 169
PFQ Factor 4 - Using Intervention 0.6 (0.7) 0.5 (0.7) 0.5 (0.7)
Food to Calm the p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.6003 Dont fill Commented [AM27]: p. 173
Child, modified, mean p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.5335
(SD) p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.8026
Overall p-value of
p=0.8084 Dont fill Dont fill
_pf_factor4 interaction term
Model AIC 1062.2 Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM28]: p.172
Usual Care 0.6 (0.9) 0.6 (0.9) 0.5 (0.9) Commented [AM29]: p. 190
PFQ Factor 5 - Intervention 0.7 (0.9) 0.6 (0.9) 0.4 (0.8)
Concern about Child p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.4960 Dont fill Commented [AM30]: p. 194
Being Underweight, p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.2495
mean (SD) p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.4784
Overall p-value of
p=0.5149 Dont fill Dont fill
_pf_factor5 interaction term
Model AIC 1199.2 Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM31]: p.193
PFQ Factor 6 - Child's Usual Care 1.6 (0.8) 1.6 (0.7) 1.6 (0.7) Commented [AM32]: p. 211
Control of Feeding Intervention 1.3 (0.8) 1.3 (0.6) 1.4 (0.7)
Interactions, mean (SD) p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.3427 Dont fill Commented [AM33]: p. 215
p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.8430
_pf_factor6 p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.5178
Overall p-value of
p=0.5666 Dont fill Dont fill
interaction term
Model AIC 875.7 Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM34]: p.214
Usual Care 2.8 (0.7) 2.9 (0.7) 2.9 (0.7) Commented [AM35]: p. 232
PFQ Factor 7 - Intervention 2.9 (0.6) 3.0 (0.6) 3.0 (0.6)
Structure During p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.6146 Dont fill Commented [AM36]: p. 236
Feeding Interactions, p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.9995
mean (SD) p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.6326
Overall p-value of
p=0.8227 Dont fill Dont fill
_pf_factor7 interaction term
Model AIC 898.6 Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM37]: p.235
Usual Care 1.0 (0.8) 0.9 (0.8) 0.9 (0.8) Commented [AM38]: p. 252
Intervention 0.9 (0.9) 0.7 (0.8) 0.6 (0.6)
PFQ Factor 8 - Age-
p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.3547 Dont fill Commented [AM39]: p. 256
Inappropriate Feeding,
p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.2510
mean (SD)
p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.6241
_pf_factor8 Overall p-value of
p=0.4913 Dont fill Dont fill
interaction term
Model AIC 1100.8 Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM40]: p.255
Statistical tests on rank-transformed variables

Outcome measures Baseline 12 Month 24 Month

Usual Care Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
Intervention Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
BMI (kg/m2), mean p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.980 Dont fill Commented [AM41]: p. 18, Contrasts table
(SD) p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill pSidak=0.634
p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill pSidak=0.528
_obmi Overall p-value of
p=0.818 Dont fill Dont fill
interaction term Commented [AM42]: p. 18 Type 3 Tests of Fixed Effects
Model AIC 6173.6 Dont fill Dont fill table, ra_assignment*test line
Usual Care Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM43]: p. 17 Fit Statistics table
Intervention Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
BMI percentile,
p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.8787 Dont fill Commented [AM44]: p.39
rounded to the nearest
p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.6591
tenth (%), mean (SD)
p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.4807
_bmipercentile Overall p-value of
p=0.7784 Dont fill Dont fill
interaction term
Model AIC 6176.2 Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM45]: p.38
Usual Care Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
Intervention Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
BMI percentile, not
p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.8735 Dont fill Commented [AM46]: p. 60
rounded (%), mean
p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.6569
(SD)
p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.4745
_bmipct Overall p-value of
p=0.7726 Dont fill Dont fill
interaction term
Model AIC 6176.7 Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM47]: p.59
Usual Care Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
BMI percentile, as Intervention Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
percent of the 95th p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.9282 Dont fill Commented [AM48]: p. 81
percentile for gender p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.8018
and age (%), mean (SD) p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.8142
Overall p-value of
p=0.9653 Dont fill Dont fill
_bmipct95 interaction term
Model AIC 6168.2 Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM49]: p.80
Usual Care Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
Intervention Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
BMI-for-age z-score, p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.8735 Dont fill Commented [AM50]: p. 102
mean (SD) p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.6569
p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.4745
_bmiz Overall p-value of
p=0.7726 Dont fill Dont fill
interaction term
Model AIC 6176.7 Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM51]: p.101
 Usual Care Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
Intervention Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
PFQ Factor 1 -
p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.1371 Dont fill Commented [AM52]: p. 123
Difficulty in Child
p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.3378
Feeding, mean (SD)
p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.8525
_pf_factor1 Overall p-value of
p=0.3303 Dont fill Dont fill
interaction term
Model AIC 6054.2 Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM53]: p.122
Usual Care Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
PFQ Factor 2 - Concern Intervention Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
about Child Overeating p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.4413 Dont fill Commented [AM54]: p. 144
or Being Overweight, p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.9855
mean (SD) p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.4533
Overall p-value of
p=0.6122 Dont fill Dont fill
_pf_factor2 interaction term
Model AIC 6099.1 Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM55]: p.143
Usual Care Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
Intervention Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
PFQ Factor 3 - Pushing
p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.8570 Dont fill Commented [AM56]: p. 164
the Child to Eat More,
p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.5902
modified, mean (SD)
p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.6194
_pf_factor3 Overall p-value of
p=0.8500 Dont fill Dont fill
interaction term
Model AIC 6117.0 Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM57]: p.163
Usual Care Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
Intervention Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
PFQ Factor 4 - Using
p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.5805 Dont fill Commented [AM58]: p. 185
Food to Calm the Child,
p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.6230
modified, mean (SD)
p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.9514
_pf_factor4 Overall p-value of
p=0.8401 Dont fill Dont fill
interaction term
Model AIC 6024.1 Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM59]: p.184
Usual Care Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
PFQ Factor 5 - Concern Intervention Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
about Child Being p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.2766 Dont fill Commented [AM60]: p. 206
Underweight, mean p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.2071
(SD) p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.6664
Overall p-value of
p=0.4078 Dont fill Dont fill
_pf_factor5 interaction term
Model AIC 6033.8 Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM61]: p.205
PFQ Factor 6 - Child's Usual Care Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
Control of Feeding Intervention Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
Interactions, mean (SD) p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.4950 Dont fill Commented [AM62]: p. 227
p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.9280
_pf_factor6 p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.4508
Overall p-value of
p=0.6456 Dont fill Dont fill
interaction term
Model AIC 5922.1 Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM63]: p.226
Usual Care Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
PFQ Factor 7 - Intervention Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
Structure During p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.5496 Dont fill Commented [AM64]: p. 248
Feeding Interactions, p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.8918
mean (SD) p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.6873
Overall p-value of
p=0.8042 Dont fill Dont fill
_pf_factor7 interaction term
Model AIC 6104.1 Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM65]: p.247
Usual Care Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
Intervention Dont fill Dont fill Dont fill
PFQ Factor 8 - Age-
p-value BL-12M a Dont fill p=0.4063 Dont fill Commented [AM66]: p. 268
Inappropriate Feeding,
p-value BL-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.6209
mean (SD)
p-value 12M-24M a Dont fill Dont fill p=0.8428
_pf_factor8 Overall p-value of
p=0.7077 Dont fill Dont fill
interaction term
Model AIC 6105.1 Dont fill Dont fill Commented [AM67]: p.267