African and Asian Literature

ET8-Vol1-Cover.
pdf 1 3/13/2015 4:04:38 PM
1 2
techfactors Inc.
The EnglishTek K-12 Series offers a holistic and fun approach to learning English. EnglishTek is
founded on the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach to develop language
competencies. EnglishTek offers a blended learning program through the best practices in
language education inside the classroom combined with e-learning technologies in order to
8 -
KS E R I E S
make learning engaging and relevant for students. With EnglishTek, students become effective VOLUME 1
communicators who can understand and produce meaningful discourse, all the while enjoying
African and Asian

rich and vibrant learning experiences.
Literature
VOLUME 1
Series Coordinators
EnglishTek 8
Frances Paula L, Ibanez, M.A.
Alexander C. Maximo, M.A.
Authors
John Paolo V. Sandicho
Leovigilda M. Tumaneng
Cristina G. Saulo
ISBN 978-971-0550-91-3
B.EG8.1.14.1
9 789710 550913
8
African and Asian
Literature
Vol. 1

Filipina R. Santos
Cristina G. Saulo
Series Coordinators
Frances Paula L. Ibaez, M.A.
First Edition
ET8-Vol. 1-Front Matter.indd 1 4/2/2014 10:26:11 AM

TechFactors Inc.
Trademark of TechFactors Inc.
Philippine Copyright 2014 by TechFactors Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this courseware may be reproduced or copied in any form, in whole, or in part, without written
consent of the copyright owner.
First edition, 2014

ISBN 978-971-0550-91-3
Published by TechFactors Inc.

Printed in the Philippines
Authors John Paolo V. Sandicho, Leovigilda M. Tumaneng, Filipina R. Santos, and Cristina G. Saulo
Series Coordinators Alexander C. Maximo, M.A. and Frances Paula L. Ibaez, M.A.
Creative Writer Ma. Jendell Valin Kirong, Leovigilda Tumaneng, and Zenia P. Lazaro
Content and Editorial Cristina G. Saulo, Ma. Regina B. Pearroyo, Eris Heidi L. Ramos,
and Jean Marie M. Romualdez
Creatives Julius Caesar G. Barredo, Darylle R. Cajucom, Regina M. Zapata, and Samboy M. Dela Torre
Illustration Julius Caesar G. Barredo, Nadine Bartolome, and Darylle R. Cajucom
Systems Kim A. Benebese, Mark B. Abliter, Allan Nicole C. Celestino, Kenneth T. Salazar, Robie Marc R. Peralta,
Kadmiel D.G. Ramos, and Raymond P. Baguio
Exclusively distributed by TechFactors Inc.

101 V. Luna Road Extension
Sikatuna Village, Quezon City
1101 Philippines
Telephone number: (632) 929 8094

Email address: info@techfactorsinc.com
Website: www.techfactorsinc.com
The materials reprinted in this book, both literary materials and images, are obtained from open domain sources. The
copyrights of the literary materials have already expired, and thus are free from copyright in their respective countries and in
the Philippines.
Any lapse or oversight is unintentional and will be corrected in the next editions.

FOREWORD
Filipino students face challenges in learning the English language. More than ever, changes in learning environment now
affect how we approach language education. Teaching approaches and methods have to fit 21st century learners.
The EnglishTek K to 12 series is TechFactors innovation in English learning. Based on the principles of Communicative
Language Teaching (CLT) and Blended Learning, EnglishTek incorporates current practices in language learning and
educational technology. Aside from developing communicative competence in students, EnglishTek meets the competency
standards of the Department of Education K-12 curricula and also focuses on honing vital 21st century skills, giving
graduates a competitive advantage.
Lessons in the EnglishTek 7 to 10 volumes are literature-based. They follow the Directed Reading Approach (DRA)
which provides students with various activities before, during, and after reading. These activities include schema activation,
vocabulary enrichment, comprehension exercises, and real-life application of values. Graphic organizers are also provided in
the book to help learners map their ideas and improve their learning strategies and information processing. These engaging
activities are all designed to target communication skills. They also create occasions for the students to hear and use the target
language.
Moreover, EnglishTek provides holistic learning by highlighting the Reading-Writing connection. Each reading selection
is followed by a literary analysis, as well as a discussion of a related grammatical point. The grammar lessons are then
connected to a writing lesson. This ensures that the learning of the students is applied. In these writing lessons, EnglishTek
provides students with support through model paragraphs and guided practice.
Most of all, learning is made relevant by situating learners in context and by using situations, examples, and texts that can
be found in the real world. Through authentic materials that reflect Filipino values, learners can develop connections between
their classroom learning and their life experiences.
We hope that, with this series, students become effective communicators in English and simultaneously enjoy the learning
process. By building these critical foundations of communication, we hope to produce effective communicators that think
critically and can create meaningful discourse.
TechFactors Inc.
iii
Philippine Copyright 2014 Techfactors, Inc.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS
John Paolo Sandicho
Paolo graduated cum laude from the University of the Philippines Diliman with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English
Studies, major in Language. He has taught Developmental Reading and Public Speaking at the JIL Colleges Foundation. He
is currently a full-time writer in the Education and Discipleship Department of the Jesus Is Lord Church Worldwide where
he is part of the team that develops and produces educational materials.
Leovigilda Tumaneng
Leovigilda Tumaneng is a graduate of the University of the Philippines, with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English Studies:
Language. She currently serves as editor in the Legal Affairs division of the Department of Agrarian Reform central office,
after working for a few years in the business process outsourcing industry.
Filipina R. Santos
Phnas is a reading specialist for an international school in the Philippines. She also worked as an assistant teacher at
International School Manila and Wordlab School Inc. She has undergone training for teaching students with special needs
and teaching in the content areas. She is currently finishing her Masters degree in Reading Education at the University of the
Philippines Diliman.
Cristina Gonzales-Saulo
Cristina is a former lecturer of Literature and College English classes at De La Salle-College of St. Benilde and Mapua
Institute of Technology. She also worked as an English instructor and materials developer for several language centers for
foreign students.She graduated from the University of the Philippines Diliman with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English
Studies, major in Language. She is currently finishing her Masters degree in Reading Education at UP College of Education.
ABOUT THE SERIES COORDINATORS

Alex holds a Master of Arts degree and a Bachelor of Arts degree, magna cum laude in English Studies: Language, from
the University of the Philippines Diliman. He teaches with the Department of English and Comparative Literature of
UP Diliman where he has handled English courses in the undergraduate and graduate level. His research interests include
critical discourse analysis, corpus linguistics, organizational communication, and computer-mediated communication. With
technology as another passion, he is currently exploring the use of e-learning to develop language skills. He has co-authored
books on office productivity, multimedia, and business writing. He also currently serves as project manager for TechFactors.

Frances graduated from the University of the Philippines Diliman with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Communication,
major in Journalism. She also earned her Masters degree in Education, major in Language Education, from the same
institution. She worked as a technical writer in several computer firms for eight years, developing user guides and tutorials
on different software. She taught part-time in a preschool, where she handled the Nursery class, and in an English language
center, where she taught language teaching methodology. She heads the Content Group in TechFactors.
iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Unit 1: Remembering the Past
Lesson 1: Memories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
The Old Soldiers Return (An Ancient Poem)
Making Inferences
Noun Phrase
Definition Essay
Lesson 2: Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
The Story of the Man ... by Yei Theodora Ozaki
Sequencing Events
Indefinite Articles with Count and Mass Nouns
How to Organize a Definition Essay
Lesson 3: Influences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Teaching Begins by Sir Rabindranath Tagore
Relating to Your Own Experiences
Simple Present Tense
Transitional Devices
Lesson 4: Sacrifices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Ramas Promise (Excerpts from The Rmyan of Vlmki)
Questioning the Characters Motives
The Verbs Be and Have
Strategies in Writing Effective Sentences for Definition
Lesson 5: Tribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
A Farewell to America by Phillis Wheatley
Reading in Sentences
Dependent and Independent Clauses
Denotation and Connotation
Lesson 6: Adventures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
The Story of Sinbad the Voyager from The Arabian Nights
Picturing the Action
Adjective Clauses
Avoiding Clichs
Lesson 7: Veracities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
The Sorrows of Han Acts I and II
Breaking Down Sentences
Restrictive and Non-restrictive Adjective Clauses
Foreign and Borrowed Words
Lesson 8: Tragedies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

The Sorrows of Han Acts III and IV
Evaluating a Characters Decision
Reduction of Definitions
Coined Terms and Words with New Meanings
Lesson 9: Legacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Dream of Lizards by Jose Y. Dalisay Jr., PhD
Clarifying Sequence of Events
Uses of Comma
Freewriting
v
ET8-Vol. 1-Table of Contents.indd 5 3/11/2014 4:11:52 PM

Unit 2: Comparing Histories
Lesson 1: Aphorisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

On Learning from the Analects of Confucius, Book I
Paraphrasing
Parallel Structure
Illustration as a Pattern of Development
Lesson 2: Adages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

The Tao Te Ching by Lao Tzu, translated by D.C. Lau
Questioning Causes and Effects
Magnitude Statements
When to Use Illustration
Lesson 3: Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Crime and Punishment by Kahlil Gibran
Challenging the Text
Functions of Prepositions in Sentences
Thesis Statement in an Illustrative Essay
Lesson 4: Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Haiku by Matsu Basho, translated by Harold G. Henderson
Identifying Imagery in Poems
Common Collocations (Verb + Prepositions)
Three Ways to Illustrate a Point
Lesson 5: Legends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

The Legend of the Maha Naghkon
Drawing Inferences
Phrasal Verbs
Sources of Examples
Lesson 6: Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Language and Literature of Karens by Harry I. Marshall
Recognizing Patterns of Organization
Articles with Classified and Identified Nouns
Transitional Devices in an Illustration Essay
Lesson 7: Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Korean Poems, translated by Brother Anthony of Taize
Interpreting Symbols
Active and Passive Voice
Analyzing Paragraphs that Use Examples
Lesson 8: Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

The Interesting Narrative ... by Olaudah Equiano
Summarizing
Dashes and Hyphens
Strategies in Writing Paragraphs that Use Illustration
Lesson 9: Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

As Long as the Grass Shall Grow by Carlos Bulosan
Analyzing Word Choice
Parentheses and Brackets
Integrating Images in an Essay that Uses Illustration
vi

UNIT 1: Remembering the Past
Lesson 1: Memories Lesson 2: Values Lesson 3: Influences
Lesson 4: Sacrifices Lesson 5: Tribute Lesson 6: Adventures
Lesson 7: Veracities Lesson 8: Tragedies Lesson 9: Legacy
ET8-Vol. 1-Compiled.indb 1 3/11/2014 3:10:50 PM

Lesson 1: Memories
Before Reading Lesson Objectives

Important Words To reflect on ones esteemed
or treasured moments with
Activity: Study the underlined word in each sentence, and then encircle the loved ones
letter that contains the correct meaning of the word.
To complete a Frayers chart
1. My family travels to Baguio every summer to experience a cooler clime. model as a pre-listening
activity
a. climate
b. sound made by bells
To distinguish the different
c. to go up
types of rhyme used in
2. Follow the map I gave you and surely you will never go astray in that
writing verses
mountainous forest.
a. a small dish used for throwing away ashes To determine the various
b. off the right path or route tone maps used in reading
c. lose something while traveling
poetry aloud
3. We saw a lot of children running down yonder to the foot of the
mountain.
To identify a noun phrase,
a. to make believe its parts, and its function in
b. a staff used to shepherd flocks sentences
c. over there
4. We are planning to invite all of our kith and kin who are in the country To understand the basic
for Christmas dinner. nature of a definition essay
a. friends and relatives
b. friends and foes To identify various
c. friends and classmates techniques in writing
5. Several fields have been lying fallow for almost two years because of definitions
drought.
a. to surrender To write definitions of
b. not active or productive selected concepts and apply
c. unskillful the techniques in defining
6. A group of teenagers traveled along a desolate stretch of muddy road.
a. lacking people, plants, animals
b. to feel warm and welcomed
c. far from other roads
7. We commemorate the veterans of Bataan every 9th day of April.
a. owners of bank accounts in certain places
b. commoners who lead a victory
c. someone who fought in a war as a soldier or sailor
2

8. Some farmers furrow the fields before rain comes during the hot season.
a. plant seeds using a machinery
b. make long and narrow cuts in the ground
c. develop skills needed in farming
Knowledge Activation
China is a country molded by wars. In fact, Chinas most famous tourist attraction,
the Great Wall, is a testament to its tumultuous history. During the 7th century B.C., the
emperor ordered the construction of a high wall along the borders of the empire in order
to protect it from the constant invasion of nomads from the north. These invasions were
not the first, however. As early as 8th century B.C., ancient China has been the setting of
rampant wars. This period, now referred to as the Era of Warring Forces, is characterized
by alliances and betrayals of seven warring factions. In more recent times, China has
also engaged in war. From the 1920s onwards, China has witnessed civil war between
the Nationalist and Communist forces. This internal conflict has been halted during the
1930s to the 1940s, as the Chinese repeatedly fought against the Japanese during the
Second World War. When Japan withdrew its forces from the country in 1945, Chinas
war became internal again. In 1949, the Chinese Nationalist Party (also known as the
Kuomintang) left China and established its base in Taiwan. To this day, China lives under
the leadership of the Communist Party.
Activity 1
Complete the Frayers chart below to write down what you know about soldiers.
Definition Facts/Characteristics
Examples Non-examples
Activity 2
What emotions and moral issues do soldiers face upon signing up for battle? Do you think they really want to fight
other people? Why or why not? Would you consider fighting for your country if necessary? Justify your answer.
3

Oral Interaction
Have you ever been away from home for a span of time? How did you feel upon coming back home? Read the poem
below and find out how this soldier felt upon returning home after a long time.
Literary Selection
The Old Soldiers Return

An Ancient Poem
I was but fifteen when I left my friends

For distant climes to fight our Countrys foe,
And now Im eightyback for the first time
To see the home I left so long ago.

Where is the house? I should be near it now,
Yet possibly I may have gone astray;
Long years abroad have blurred the youthful brain,
Ill ask this countryman to point the way.
1. cypress - may refer to

The house is yondermidst those grassy mounds,
Chinese Swamp Cypress Beneath the shade of fir and cypress1 trees,
which is native to
subtropical southeastern And there lie buried all the kith and kin
China Of former tillers of these fallow leas.

4

The veteran sighed and wandered to the house, 2. pheasants - any of
numerous large often
And found it overgrown and desolate; long-tailed and brightly
A startled hare fled through the kennels hole, colored Old World
gallinaceous birds,
And pheasants2 flew from ceiling beams ornate. including many raised as
ornamental or game birds
Exhausted by the journey and his grief,

The old man plucked some grain from patches wild,
And mallows from around the courtyard well,
As in the days when but a little child.

But when the homely fare3 was cooked and spread, 3. fare - material provided
for use, consumption, or
And not a friend to cheer the lonely place, enjoyment
He rose, and going out to eastward gazed,
While tears flowed down his worn and furrowed face.
Understanding Literature
Comprehension Questions
1. Who is speaking in the poem? Write three things about him or her.
2. Does the soldier feel victorious after coming home from the war? Explain your answer.
3. Why is the word country in the first stanza capitalized? What does this signify?
4. Notice the shift in point of view used by the writer. What do you think is the significance of shifting from the first
person to the third person?
5. Who is the veteran? Is the veteran also a speaker in the poem?
6. Have you ever felt exhausted and lonely? Share this experience with a partner and tell how you coped with fatigue.
7. What is the theme of the poem? How do you relate this to your own life as a teenager?
8. Do you know anyone who is working as a police or a soldier? What are your first impressions about him or her?
9. What are your opinions about nations fighting other nations? What can you do to help in maintaining peace?
10. In your opinion, how does literature help people understand the importance of maintaining peace?
Literary Analysis
Rhymes are similar sounds that repeatedly occur among a group of words. In poetry, rhymes are often used to
facilitate rhythm. Contrary to popular belief, rhymes are found not only at the end of lines. Rhymes can be positioned at
the beginning or middle of a line, and can occur within the line, or between two lines.
5

The tables below shows some of the common types of rhymes. The first set shows the types of rhyme according to
position.
Type of Rhyme Explanation Example
1. Beginning This refers to the use The nursery rhyme Peter Piper illustrates beginning rhyme.
rhyme of the same consonant Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. If Peter Piper picked
(also called sound at the a peck of pickled peppers, wheres the peck of pickled peppers Peter
alliteration) beginning of words in Piper picked?
a line or verse.
2. Internal rhyme Internal rhyme occurs A good example of internal rhyme is The Raven by Edgar Allan
between a word in a Poe.
line and another word
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary,
either in the same line
or the next. Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,
While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping
3. End rhyme This is a rhyme that Stopping By Woods On a Snowy Evening by Robert Frost is a
occurs at the last popular example of end rhyme.
words of the lines of a The woods are lovely, dark and deep.
poem.
But I have promises to keep,
The second set shows the types of rhyme according to the nature of their similarity to each other.
Type of Rhyme Explanation
1. Perfect rhyme This kind of rhyme is exact, meaning the two words contain the exact same sound. Usually, a
(also called full perfect rhyme is immediately recognizable because of spelling of the rhyming words.
rhyme or true Rest when you reach the top of the mountain,
rhyme) take off your hat and drink from the fountain.
2. Imperfect This term refers to rhymes that are close but not exact.
rhyme Emily Dickinsons Hope is the thing with feathers uses imperfect rhyme.
(also half rhyme,
or near rhyme) Hope is the thing with feathers
That perches in the soul,
And sings the tune without the words,
And never stops at all.
3. Eye rhyme (also Eye rhyme is a rhyme where two words look alike but do not sound alike. Some of these
called visual words reflect historical changes in pronunciation because at one point, they may have been
rhyme or sight pronounced similarly.
rhyme) And the town after the flood
buried in mud, steel, and wood
6

4. Identical rhyme When the same word is used twice to complete a rhyme, it is called an identical rhyme. The
(from French example below is taken from Bells by Edgar Allan Poe.
rime riche) In a clamorous appealing to the mercy of the fire,
In a mad expostulation with the deaf and frantic fire
5. Rich rhyme In a rich rhyme, a word rhymes with its homonym.

A First Attempt in Rhyme by Thomas Hood uses rich rhyme.
Partake the fire divine that burns,
In Milton, Pope, and Scottish Burns,
Who sang his native braes and burns.
Activity 3
A. Re-read The Old Soldiers Return with a special attention to rhyme. Below, list down three kinds of rhymes used
in the poem. Give an example of the specific lines that use the particular kind of rhyme.
Kind of rhyme Lines showing the kind of rhyme
B. Try your hand at composing rhymes about memory. If you want, you can focus on specific memories of your
childhood. You may also want to write about the memories of another person. Be prepared to share your rhymes
with the rest of the class.
Kind of rhyme Your own rhyme
1. Identical rhyme
2. Eye rhyme
3. Imperfect rhyme
4. Perfect rhyme
5. Rich rhyme
7

Responding to Literature
Oral Communication
Research about tone maps when reading poetry. On your own, try to label the different tones you recognize in the
poem The Old Soldiers Return. Afterward, form a group with five members and read the poem aloud using the tone
maps. To evaluate how well you did on recognizing tone and mood in poetry, distribute a set of criteria that will grade
your performance among the audience. Invite the audience to comment on your performance.
Research and Writing
Find a video that presents interesting facts about Chinese soldiers during the ancient war. Show this video to the class
and prepare five questions that you would want your classmates to answer about what they have watched. The questions
should be geared towards understanding the advantages and disadvantages of getting involved in the military.
Skills Development: Making Inferences
When reading, we often take note of important details to make sure we understand what we are reading. Usually,
these details are directly mentioned in the text, but there are instances when we have to read between the lines or infer
from the text to grasp the real message.
Inferences are the judgment and conclusions we draw after reading a text and connecting its details to our own
experiences.
A. Reread the poem The Old Soldiers Return Home and take note of three important statements. Write these
statements in the chart below and complete the statements with your knowledge and inferences.
Details or Statements What I Know from

Inference
from Poem Reading or Experience
8

B. Study the following excerpts from the poem Distaste for Official Life by Tao Tsien written during the Tsin
Dynasty. Make inferences about the italicized lines in each stanza. Create a chart similar to the one used in the
first activity.
1. Far from the busy mart and huckstering crowd,

Striving for gold or place with brawlings loud
From youth to middle age Ive passed my days
Midst flowers and fields hearing what Nature says.
2. And now, alas! Im on this boat and bound

For far King-chow, with rank and office crowned;
To village home and friends Ive bid farewell,
And of lifes peace, I fear, Ive tolled the knell.
3. I cannot sleep, the future weights my mind,

The calls of officecares of every kind
Oppress me with a sense of coming woes
A forlorn hope against unnumbered foes!
4. How can I leave my former happy life

To mingle in ambitions worldly strife!
What care I for the spoils of rank and power,
The petty triumphs of the passing hour!
5. My office Ill resign and homeward turn

To till my farm beside the rippling burn,
Where I in happy freedom may once more
The Muses and the Book of Nature pore.
Grammar Review: Noun Phrase (NP)

One of the fundamental concepts in language, whether in written or spoken form, is the noun phrase or NP.
A noun phrase is a group of words which include a noun and the modifier(s) that describe(s) it. It is important to learn
to distinguish noun phrases in sentences since the subjects of sentences are usually found in the noun phrase. Below are
the various formations of noun phrases.
Formation Samples
article + noun the family, a cousin
possessive pronoun + noun their vacation, my gift
demonstrative pronoun + noun that house, this picture
adjective + noun exciting adventure, memorable week
9

The basic forms given on the previous page can also be combined in order to form more complex noun phrases.
Formation Samples
the artistic family

article + adjective + noun
a generous cousin
their long vacation

possessive pronoun + adjective + noun
my personal gift
that well-designed house

demonstrative pronoun + adjective + noun
this colorful picture
Noun phrases also take the form of noun + modifiers, but this will be discussed in later chapters of the book.
Grammar Workout
A. Underline the noun phrase in each sentence below. Write the underlined words on the second column. Afterwards,
identify the parts of each noun phrase by writing the formation in the last column.
Sentence NP Parts
1. The Santos family decided to

have a reunion one Saturday.
2. Mrs. Lina Santos called the

children to tell them about the
plan.
3. Efren, who was a reputable

doctor, promised to arrive at
the house early.
4. Ann, a passionate teacher,

became very excited upon
hearing the plan from her
students parents.
5. On the appointed day, they

all went out for lunch at their
favorite restaurant.
6. After the sumptuous lunch,

they visited the amusement
park, which was a memorable
part of their childhood.
10

7. After enjoying the rides,
they sat down on one of the
benches and talked about their
funny experiences in the past.
8. Their father, Mr. Fred Santos,

surprised them with old
pictures from their photo
albums at home.
9. After looking at the pictures,

Ann took out her camera and
requested a passerby to take a
picture of them.
10. All of them assured one

another that they would have a
reunion again and treasure the
moments they spent together.
B. Give examples of noun phrases with the specified formations. Use your given noun phrases in meaningful
sentences.
1. adjective + noun
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
2. demonstrative pronoun + adjective + noun
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
3. pronoun + noun
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
4. article + noun
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
5. possessive pronoun + adjective + noun
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Collaborative Task
Form a group with five members. As a group, take a photograph of people which shows the importance of
relationships among loved ones. You may also choose to think of a scene which you can draw or paint. Be prepared to
present your work before the class and to explain the message that your work conveys.
11

Writing Topic: Definition Essay
In the collaborative activity, you used the basic principles of defining

something. As a group, you thought about how to explain the background and
message of the output of your group in order for the audience to understand it.
As a basic preparation for writing a definition essay, you must first learn
how to define terms. Of course, there are words that can be easily defined,
especially those that are concrete nouns such as desktop computer, suspension
bridge, and national parks. However, when it comes to defining abstract terms
such as love and justice, you must go through a lot of steps in order to help your
reader understand the words.
To help you define terms effectively, here are some reminders:
Choose a specific termbroad topics are hard to define;

Look for reliable sources that can help you define the term;
Think of illustrations and examples that can help readers comprehend the definition.
You can also employ different strategies in defining a specific term. You can:
Define the term by explaining what it does

Define the term by comparing it with other related terms or concepts
Define the term by showing its opposite
Guided Reading
To further help you define terms, the sample paragraphs below will demonstrate the different strategies you could use
when you write your definition essay.
Paragraph 1 - Defining the term by explaining what it does
A war is a formally declared battle between two opposing forces. It uproots men from
their otherwise peaceful lives and hurls them into the field of battle to kill other men. A
war injures people physically and mentally. It instills fear. It breaks families. It destroys
homes.
Paragraph 2 - Defining the term by comparing it with other

related terms or concepts
Although the terms house and home are sometimes used interchangeably, the latter
term carries a sense of fondness that is somewhat lacking in the first term. To say an
architectural structure is a house is to merely describe it as a shelter. However, to refer to
it as a home implies that people live in that shelter and that these people consider each
other family.
12

Paragraph 3 - Defining the term by showing its opposite
During a time of war, soldiers are responsible for protecting their country. They are
deployed into the battlefield and are expected to engage in combat whether on air, on
land, or at sea. Members of the armed forces who dont engage in these activities but are
instead responsible for tending the wounded and the sick are called non-combatants.
Individual Activity
A. Read each paragraph below and determine what kind of strategy the writer used in defining each concept.
A society under the state of dystopia does not exhibit any of the paradisiacal qualities which
characterize a utopia. The word utopia was first used in 1516 by Sir Thomas More in his novel
1 of the same title. In a utopian society, everyone lives in perpetual harmony. There are neither
catastrophic natural disasters nor wars. There is also no moral, intellectual, or financial poverty.
Nostalgia is an intense feeling of longing for the past. Nostalgia renders the past beautiful
2 and perfect, and a person experiencing nostalgia yearns to return to those blissful moments that
are long gone. Nostalgia turns a person melancholic as well as sentimental.
Some families have a treasured object that gets passed down from generation to generation.
3 This object is called an heirloom. Usually, an heirloom is an antique that plays a significant role
in the familys history. It may also be of considerable monetary value, like jewelry or furniture.
More than an inheritance, however, an heirloom is a gift.
B. Define any of the following terms using one strategy discussed in this lesson.
Memory
Longing
Grief
Loss
Reunion
13

ET8-Vol2-Cover.pdf 1 3/13/2015 4:05:06 PM
1 2
techfactors Inc.
The EnglishTek K-12 Series offers a holistic and fun approach to learning English. EnglishTek is
founded on the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach to develop language
competencies. EnglishTek offers a blended learning program through the best practices in
language education inside the classroom combined with e-learning technologies in order to
8 -
KS E R I E S
make learning engaging and relevant for students. With EnglishTek, students become effective VOLUME 2
communicators who can understand and produce meaningful discourse, all the while enjoying
African and Asian

rich and vibrant learning experiences.
Literature
VOLUME 2
Series Coordinators
EnglishTek 8
Frances Paula L, Ibanez, M.A.
Authors
Cristina G. Saulo
ISBN 978-621-8000-02-5
B.EG8.1.14.1
9 786218 000025
8
African and Asian
Literature
Vol. 2

Filipina R. Santos
Cristina G. Saulo
Series Coordinators
First Edition

TechFactors Inc.
Trademark of TechFactors Inc.
Philippine Copyright 2014 by TechFactors Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this courseware may be reproduced or copied in any form, in whole, or in part, without written
consent of the copyright owner.
First edition, 2014

ISBN 978-621-8000-02-5
Published by TechFactors Inc.

Printed in the Philippines
Authors John Paolo V. Sandicho, Leovigilda M. Tumaneng, Filipina R. Santos, and Cristina G. Saulo
Series Coordinators Alexander C. Maximo, M.A. and Frances Paula L. Ibaez, M.A.
Creative Writer Ma. Jendell Valin Kirong, Leovigilda Tumaneng, and Zenia P. Lazaro
Content and Editorial Cristina G. Saulo, Ma. Regina B. Pearroyo, Eris Heidi L. Ramos,
and Jean Marie M. Romualdez
Creatives Julius Caesar G. Barredo, Darylle R. Cajucom, Regina M. Zapata, and Samboy M. Dela Torre
Illustration Julius Caesar G. Barredo, Nadine Bartolome, and Darylle R. Cajucom
Systems Kim A. Benebese, Mark B. Abliter, Allan Nicole C. Celestino, Kenneth T. Salazar, Robie Marc R. Peralta,
Kadmiel D.G. Ramos, and Raymond P. Baguio
Exclusively distributed by TechFactors Inc.

101 V. Luna Road Extension
Sikatuna Village, Quezon City
1101 Philippines
Telephone number: (632) 929 8094

Email address: info@techfactorsinc.com
Website: www.techfactorsinc.com
The materials reprinted in this book, both literary materials and images, are obtained from open domain sources. The
copyrights of the literary materials have already expired, and thus are free from copyright in their respective countries and in
the Philippines.
Any lapse or oversight is unintentional and will be corrected in the next editions.

FOREWORD
Filipino students face challenges in learning the English language. More than ever, changes in learning environment now
affect how we approach language education. Teaching approaches and methods have to fit 21st century learners.
The EnglishTek K to 12 series is TechFactors innovation in English learning. Based on the principles of Communicative
Language Teaching (CLT) and Blended Learning, EnglishTek incorporates current practices in language learning and
educational technology. Aside from developing communicative competence in students, EnglishTek meets the competency
standards of the Department of Education K-12 curricula and also focuses on honing vital 21st century skills, giving
graduates a competitive advantage.
Lessons in the EnglishTek 7 to 10 volumes are literature-based. They follow the Directed Reading Approach (DRA)
which provides students with various activities before, during, and after reading. These activities include schema activation,
vocabulary enrichment, comprehension exercises, and real-life application of values. Graphic organizers are also provided in
the book to help learners map their ideas and improve their learning strategies and information processing. These engaging
activities are all designed to target communication skills. They also create occasions for the students to hear and use the target
language.
Moreover, EnglishTek provides holistic learning by highlighting the Reading-Writing connection. Each reading selection
is followed by a literary analysis, as well as a discussion of a related grammatical point. The grammar lessons are then
connected to a writing lesson. This ensures that the learning of the students is applied. In these writing lessons, EnglishTek
provides students with support through model paragraphs and guided practice.
Most of all, learning is made relevant by situating learners in context and by using situations, examples, and texts that can
be found in the real world. Through authentic materials that reflect Filipino values, learners can develop connections between
their classroom learning and their life experiences.
We hope that, with this series, students become effective communicators in English and simultaneously enjoy the learning
process. By building these critical foundations of communication, we hope to produce effective communicators that think
critically and can create meaningful discourse.
TechFactors Inc.
iii

ABOUT THE AUTHORS
John Paolo Sandicho
Paolo graduated cum laude from the University of the Philippines Diliman with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English
Studies, major in Language. He has taught Developmental Reading and Public Speaking at the JIL Colleges Foundation. He
is currently a full-time writer in the Education and Discipleship Department of the Jesus Is Lord Church Worldwide where
he is part of the team that develops and produces educational materials.
Leovigilda Tumaneng
Leovigilda Tumaneng is a graduate of the University of the Philippines, with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English Studies:
Language. She currently serves as editor in the Legal Affairs division of the Department of Agrarian Reform central office,
after working for a few years in the business process outsourcing industry.
Filipina R. Santos
Phnas is a reading specialist for an international school in the Philippines. She also worked as an assistant teacher at
International School Manila and Wordlab School Inc. She has undergone training for teaching students with special needs
and teaching in the content areas. She is currently finishing her Masters degree in Reading Education at the University of the
Philippines Diliman.
Cristina Gonzales-Saulo
Cristina is a former lecturer of Literature and College English classes at De La Salle-College of St. Benilde and Mapua
Institute of Technology. She also worked as an English instructor and materials developer for several language centers for
foreign students.She graduated from the University of the Philippines Diliman with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English
Studies, major in Language. She is currently finishing her Masters degree in Reading Education at UP College of Education.
ABOUT THE SERIES COORDINATORS

Alex holds a Master of Arts degree and a Bachelor of Arts degree, magna cum laude in English Studies: Language, from
the University of the Philippines Diliman. He teaches with the Department of English and Comparative Literature of
UP Diliman where he has handled English courses in the undergraduate and graduate level. His research interests include
critical discourse analysis, corpus linguistics, organizational communication, and computer-mediated communication. With
technology as another passion, he is currently exploring the use of e-learning to develop language skills. He has co-authored
books on office productivity, multimedia, and business writing. He also currently serves as project manager for TechFactors.

Frances graduated from the University of the Philippines Diliman with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Communication,
major in Journalism. She also earned her Masters degree in Education, major in Language Education, from the same
institution. She worked as a technical writer in several computer firms for eight years, developing user guides and tutorials
on different software. She taught part-time in a preschool, where she handled the Nursery class, and in an English language
center, where she taught language teaching methodology. She heads the Content Group in TechFactors.
iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Unit 3: Analyzing Perspective
Lesson 1: Love . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
The Gift by Li Young Lee
Connotations
Noun Compounds
Classification Essay
Lesson 2: Honor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Muh-Lan
Analyzing Poetic Effects
Other and Its Relatives
Finding a Basis and Purpose for Classifying Items
Lesson 3: Truth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
In A Grove by Ryunosuke Akutagawa
Characterization
Coordination
Creating Distinct Categories
Lesson 4: Death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
The Watch by William Alfred Wood
Responding to the Story
Subordination
Using Graphic Organizers to Visualize Classification
Lesson 5: Casualties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
The Diameter of the Bomb by Yehuda Amichai
Explaining Understatements
Conditional Sentences
Organizing a Classification Essay
Lesson 6: Identity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Interpreter of Maladies by Jhumpa Lahiri
Judging the Characters Actions
Most and Its Relative
Achieving Coherence in a Classification Essay
Lesson 7: Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Cut by Ma. Celeste Flores-Coscolluela
Evaluating Advertisements
Articles with Generic Noun Phrases
Writing the Introductory Paragraph for Classification Essay
Lesson 8: Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Excerpt from Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe
Explaining Proverbs
Uses of Semicolon
Developing Supports in a Classification Essay
Lesson 9: Beauty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Beauty: The Korean Way by Julia Yoo
Using the Thesaurus
Uses of Colon
Writing the Concluding Paragraph for a Classification Essay
v

Unit 4: Challenging Generalizations
Lesson 1: Fortitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

The Swamp Dwellers by Wole Soyinka
Analyzing Editorials
Verb Structure Parallelism
The Process Analysis Essay
Lesson 2: Identity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

The God Stealer by F. Sionil Jose
Reading Comic Strips
Verbals
Directional and the Informational Process Analysis Essays
Lesson 3: Equiality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

The Taj Mahal by Sahir Ludhianvi
Analyzing a Feature Article
Prepositions of Time
Writing a Complete Process Analysis Essay
Lesson 4: Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Poem by Taufiq Rafat
Analyzing a Music Video
Nondefining Adjective Clause in Simple Past
Writing a Coherent Process Analysis Essay
Lesson 5: Dichotomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Piano and Drums by Gabriel Okara
Analyzing a Documentary
Nondefining Adjective Clauses in Past Continuous
Writing a Process Paragraph
Lesson 6: Parity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

The Pillow Book: Women in High Office by Sei Shnagon
Analyzing a Stage Play
Nondefining Adjective Clauses in Perfect Tenses
Practicing Process Analysis in Small Groups
Lesson 7: Prejudice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

By Any Other Name by Santha Rama Rau
Analyzing a Political Speech
Capitalization
Practicing Writing a Process Analysis Essay
Lesson 8: Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Sing to the Dawn: Chapter 1 by Minfong Ho
Reviewing a Panel Discussion
Contractions
Analyzing Writers Strategies
Lesson 9: Survival . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

All This Weight by An Na
Reviewing a Public Service Announcement
Abbreviations
Compiling a Portfolio
vi

UNIT 3: Analyzing Perspectives
Lesson 1: Love Lesson 2: Honor Lesson 3: Truth
Lesson 4: Death Lesson 5: Casualties Lesson 6: Identity
Lesson 7: Gender Lesson 8: Strength Lesson 9: Beauty
ET8-Unit 3-Compiled.indb 1 3/11/2014 4:19:55 PM

Lesson 1: Love
Before Reading Lesson Objectives

Important Words To use antonyms and
synonyms as context clues
Read each sentence and take note of the underlined word. Then choose in finding the meaning of
another sentence that uses the word similarly. unfamiliar word
1. Witnesses said that after the explosion, everything in the store just To enumerate related and
exploded into splinters. synonymous words for a
a. When she heard that her husband is very sick, Amys heart seemed concept by creating a word
to break into splinters. map
b. After the accident, I felt a sudden pain in my right ring finger. I
checked it and saw a splinter of wood that penetrated my skin. To analyze how a poets
choice of words affect the
2. The blast site was in shambles as shards and slivers of glass and debris
scattered the affected area. mood and meaning in poetry
a. After the typhoon, a lot of the evacuees returned to their
homes with a sliver of hope even as they faced their future with To determine points for
uncertainty. emphasis in a piece for
b. The sliver of wood that you found in your things came from the oration
neighbors old house that is being demolished when you left your
window open.
To create a collection of
3. Mila looks at her newborn child with so much tenderness that it is poem in an eBook format
almost heart-wrenching.
a. Nurse Celia is very popular in that hospital because her patients To evaluate a words
always experienced her dedication and tenderness when they connotative meaning and
need her the most. In honor of her, they prepared a little party to
how it affects the overall
express their gratitude and the hospital authorities to commend
her for Nurse Celias exemplary performance. meaning of a sentence or
passage
b. I think you should let the doctor see your right backside. The
tenderness you felt and the pain that you mentioned earlier on
that part is very alarming. To use different noun
compounds in sentences
4. The lead guitarist was really in high spirits during the concert that
when he suddenly smashed his guitar sending shards of wood effectively
flying through the air, the crowd just went wild and got even more
aggressive. To review ways of classifying
a. You are too young to get your heart broken into shards so you ideas
must focus on your studies first.
b. Milo was so nervous that his father will punish him that he To evaluate how an author
accidentally stepped into the shards of broken glass lying on the uses classification to forward
floor.
an argument about a topic
2

Knowledge Activation
Among Filipinos, the adage Kung anong puno, siya ang bunga represents
their belief that whatever the parents teach their sons or daughters in childhood
would definitely affect their attitude and perspective in life. However, based on
sociological studies, this view about the influence of parents on children is shared
among Asian countries.
Listen as your teacher reads an article entitled Impacts of Korean Fathers

Attachment and Parenting Behavior on Their Childrens Social Competence, a
study by Jin-Young Chae and Kang Yi Lee published in an international journal.
In this article you will learn the similarities between Korean and Filipino culture
regarding parenthood.
Activity 1
Before listening, define the following terms as a class: attachment, parenting, and social competence. How are these
terms defined when studying about society and culture? Write down the definition that the whole class will come up with
for these terms and write them on the spaces provided below.
attachment:
parenting:
social competence:
3

Activity 2
A. Complete the chart below with details about the research article you listened to. The chart presents the important
parts of a research:
Parts of a Research Guide Questions
Statement of the Research What did the study aim to find out?
Problem
Significance of the Research How does the study contribute to Korean culture in academic and social
aspects?
Definition of Terms How did the researchers define the terms:

attachment
parenting
social competence
Review of Literature What did the researchers mention about the following topics:
child-mother relationships
role of fathers in a family
Korean fathers and their parenting behavior
B. Reflect on the study and list down new and important details you learned about Korean parenting or father-son
relationship in Korea. How do you think this information will help you understand the poem you were assigned
for this lesson?
Oral Interaction
If you see a child crying in front of his or her father, what reasons would you initially think of ? How did you come up
with such notions? Read the poem The Gift by a Li-Young Lee and find out why the speaker in the poem cried in front
of his father.
4

Literary Selection
The Gift
by Li-Young Lee
About the Author. Li-Young Lee was born to Chinese parents in 1957 in Jakarta, Indonesia. His father served under
Mao Zedong as physician in China. Later on, he moved the family to Indonesia and helped found Gamaliel University.
In 1959, the Lee family fled the country and after settling for quite some time in Hong Kong, Macau, and Japan, they
finally settled in the United States in 1964.
Lee went to college at the Universities of Pittsburgh, where he developed his love for writing. His poems recurring
themes are those of simplicity, strength, and silence. Lees works include The Winged Seed: A Remembrance (BOA
Editions, 2013), Behind My Eyes (Norton, 2008), Book of My Nights (2001), The City in Which I Love You (1991), and
Rose (1986).
He has been a recipient of several awards and fellowship grants like the Lannan Literary Award and Fellowship from the
Academy of American Poets among others. He also received the honorary degree of Doctor of Humane Letters from
State University of New York at Brockport in 1998.
Critical Viewing. Create a narrative about the illustration. What do you think is happening in the picture? What are the
two characters talking about? Why do you say so?
5

During Reading. As you read each stanza of the poem, write down the words that you think are related to one another.
Write these words down on each of the boxes and try to show how closely related these words are through word
mapping. How did these words help you in telling the theme, mood, and message of the poem?
Understanding Literature
Comprehension Questions
3. What are the two stories that the persona narrated in the poem? How are these stories different?
4. How is the theme of love explored by the writer? What kind of love was depicted in the poem?
5. Describe the personas father based on the details from the poem. Why do you say so?
6. Describe the persona as a husband. What kind of husband and father do you think he grew up to be?
7. Notice how the persona describe the metal splinter that hurt him when he was a child. What names did he call it?
What are the significances of mentioning these names?
8. What was the gift given to the persona? Why do you think he considers it a gift?
9. Do you agree that gifts may come in various forms and they are not limited to material things? Why?
10. In Asian cultures, how important do you think is the influence of a father in a family? Is a fathers influence similar
to a mothers influence? Explain your answer.
6

Literary Analysis
Mood and meaning in poetry are established by the poet through his or her choice of words, figurative language,
sentence structure, length of poetic line, and punctuation marks. Mood refers to the feeling conveyed in the whole poem
and meaning refers to the message that the poet wants to communicate.
Read the first two lines of the poem The Gift by Li-Young Lee:
To pull the metal splinter from my palm

my father recited a story in a low voice.
From these two lines, how do you think the poet established the initial mood of the poem? In the first line, the letters
m and l set an initial quiet mood for the poem and this quietness is confirmed as the poet used the phrase low voice.
Imagine if the poet used the word pluck instead of pull and hand instead of palm. Do you think he will be able to establish
the same mood? This is one way of looking at how the authors choice of words affect the mood and meaning in poetry.
Imagine, too, if the poet used another word for recited. Some synonyms for these words are narrate, recount, rehearse,
and say. Do you think one of these words will create the same effect as the word recite in the phrase recite a story?
Definitely not. Although these words are synonymous, the meaning of each word actually gives the writer a hint as to
what can be appropriately used to maintain the established mood. To recite means to give an oral or written account of
in detail. The persona in the story is not narrating or simply recounting a story but reciting it which connotes seriousness
and sincerity.
Read the lines again and ask yourself, what did the father used to pull the metal splinter? Was an instrument
mentioned? If you carefully analyze the structure of the sentence, you would find out that instead of mentioning a real
medical instrument, the poet referred to the story recited by the father as the instrument used for pulling the splinter.
Notice how the poet created a metaphor in these lines.
Additionally, why do you think the poet chose to place a prepositional phrase first before the independent clause?
The subject or doer of the action is not emphasized by doing this and thus, the poet was able to maintain, once again, the
quietness of the narration.
Notice, too, the poets choice of not using a comma after the word palm. In writing, we usually use a comma when we
write a prepositional phrase first before the main clause as in:
To pull the metal splinter from my palm, my father recited a story in a low voice.
Compare this if we simply write the whole sentence without the comma.
To pull the metal splinter from my palm my father recited a story in a low voice.
Did you notice how dramatic the phrases my palm my father becomes? With these analyses for the first two lines of
the poem, what conclusion can you draw about the message the poet wants to communicate?
7

Activity
A. Read the whole poem again and analyze if the poet was able to maintain the initial quiet mood throughout the
piece. If there has been a change of mood, explain below how the writer established a new mood through his
choice of words, figurative language, and sentence structure.
B. What do you think is the message of poem? What does the author want to tell its readers not only about his father
but also about the concept of fatherhood in Korea? Explain your answers below.
Responding to Literature
Oral Communication
Obtain a copy of US President Barrack Obamas speech for Fathers Day last June 2013. Read it carefully and prepare
to present an oratorical speech using this piece. Submit an annotated copy of the speech to your teacher before you speak
in front of your classmates. Your copy should show which sentences you will emphasize in your oration and the reasons
for it.
Research and Writing
Read more about poetry in Korean literature. Come up with a eBook collection of poems. Your collection should have
a short introduction that informs your readers about your rationale for putting together the poems you have chosen in a
collection.
8

Skills Development: Connotations
Connotations refer to the associations and emotional suggestions connected to a word used in a certain context.
It is contrasted with denotation which refers to a words literal or dictionary meaning. When reading, being able to
understand the meaning of words as used in context helps the reader read between the lines and thus learn about
implied ideas in a text. Analyzing connotations in a text can also help the reader understand the authors attitude or
biases toward a topic.
The connotative meaning of a word can either be positive or negative. A positive connotation conveys a favorable
impression while a negative connotation conveys an unflattering impression. Study the following examples:
(1) (2)
Noella is a talkative student. Noella loves to talk in class.
She always tells personal She always shares personal
stories in class. stories in class.
Activity
A. Differentiate the following pairs of words by listing their connotative meanings.
WORDS
splinter - sliver
job - career
immigrant - alien
home - house
love - passion
9

B. In this lesson, you read the poem entitled The Gift. How did the author define the concept of gift or giving in
the poem? If you were to write the poem using the point of view of the father, what title would you use? Are you
still going to use the same title? If yes, what connotations of the concept would you emphasize? If no, what new
title would you use? Explain your answer in the space below.
Grammar Review: Noun Compounds

Noun compounds are two or more nouns that function as one to represent a new concept. These are common in
scientific writing. For example:
The scientist studied a cold virus.
Noun compounds are different from compound nouns. Noun compounds are composed of two nouns: the first noun
acts as a modifier for the second noun.
Noun Compounds Compound Nouns
greenhouse bedroom
gases haircut
fossil fuel software
placebo effect sunrise
breakfast
10

Noun compounds can be classified according to their functions:
Functions Examples
1. Properties tablet computer

What are its characteristics? (a type of mobile computer)
2. Material carbon deposit

What is it composed of? (the deposit is made of carbon)
3. Mode of Operation air brake

How does it work? (a type of brake that uses compressed air)
4. Purpose water filter

What does it do? (a filter for cleaning water)
5. Location internal combustion

Where is it used/ found? (the burning of fuel happens inside the engine)
6. Time winter gear

When is it used? (clothes used protection during winter)
7. Shape / form cylinder pump

What does it look like? (a pump shaped like a cylinder)
8. Inventor / user Erlenmeyer flask

Who discovered/ uses it? (a flask created by Emil Erlenmeyer)
Grammar Workout
A. Encricle the letter of the correct definition of the noun compounds.
long term survival techniques a. Techniques for survival over a long period of time
b. Techniques for survival that takes a long period of time to learn
blood sample a. a small amount of blood taken as a sample

b. an example of what blood is
copper wire a. Wire made of copper

b. Copper made out of wire
11

network applications a. Applications that operate in a network
b. A network that operates applications
air filter a. Filters out air

b. Filter that cleans the air
summer cottage a. Cottage used during the summer

b. Cottage built during the summer
Doppler effect a. Effect proposed by Christian Doppler

b. Effect of Christian Doppler on the frequency of a wave
disc brakes a. Brakes shaped like round discs

b. Brakes that stop discs
laptop computer a. Computer that can be used on a persons lap

b. Computer used by your lap
horse doctor a. A doctor for horses

b. A doctor who is a horse
B. Write the noun compound of the underlined words.

Sentence Your answer
1. The truck used in construction uses an engine powered by diesel.
2. She enrolled in two major subjects for the semester in the winter
season.
3. The economic growth experienced by the Philippines this year was
due to new businesses started with capital from foreign countries.
4. Teenagers from our neighborhood spend their weekends cooking in
a big pot for soup to distribute to homeless people.
5. Various items can be found in the holiday bazaar such as ornaments,
cakes, and gingerbread that is shaped like a house.
6. In the next town lives an old man who specializes in repairing the
engines of sports cars.
12

7. In Math class this year, the students will be learning about a theorem
proven by Pythagoras.
8. He makes it a point to incorporate exercise in his daily habit.
9. Living in the desert means that you will encounter storms that are
composed of sand.
10. Some trains operate by levitating it using a magnet rather than using
wheels.
Collaborative Task
Study the image. Pretend that your group is part of the Room
Make-Over Teams. Your task is to suggest steps on what your team
will do first to make the room look better. Keep in mind that the
client still wants to use all of the things you can see inside the room;
nothing should be throwned out. The client just wants the room to look
organized. What steps do you think you can suggest? Present your plan
on a whole sheet of cartolina.
Writing Topic: Classification Essay
Classifying is an important writing strategy for organizing ideas. When you classify, either you group related ideas or
you divide them. For instance, a writer working on the topic of love may start with grouping related ideas (agape, phileo,
storge, and eros) and then label this group with a general term (love).
phileo storge
agape eros
love
Or the writer may start with the general definition of love and then divide this topic into its different types.
love
agape phileo storge eros
You can use classification in developing your essay, especially when you plan to talk about a lot of information. Your
reader will look for a logical organization of your thoughts.
13

Guided Reading
Read the essay below and notice how the writer used classification in developing the essay. How did the writer
introduce the topic and how were each category discussed? Also, do you think the conclusion is appropriate?
Four Facets of Love

Modern day definitions of love are closely-related to relationships. There is love between a man and a woman, be-
tween a parent and a child, between friends, and love for oneself. Interestingly, there are actually four types of love and
it has existed from the time of the Ancient Greeks and they are the following: agape, phileo, storge, and eros.
Agape means deep and unconditional love that exists between parent and child or a married couple. It is a selfless
love that does not expect anything in return. It was also the Bibles reference to Gods unwavering love for humanity that
requires sacrifice. Phileo, on the other hand, refers to love between friends and family and requires trust and loyalty.
Love with acceptance and familiarity is what the Greeks labeled as Storge. It is also unconditional and based on accept-
ance. This can also be seen between friends and family. Lastly, Eros is passionate love that exists between lovers. It is a
deep and strong attraction between a man and a woman. And this could be more familiar to most because of the Greek
god Eros, or Cupid, as he is known in Roman mythology.
Given these four types of love, one can deduce that man indeed, is a social being. He cannot live alone and needs
human interaction and affection that will be part of his life from the day he was born until his death.
Individual Activity
A. Tell whether or not the grouping of ideas makes sense. Explain in brief your argument for each.
B. Write down all ideas you can relate to each topic. Compare your list with that of you seatmate. Are there similar
ideas you have written? What does this say about your knowledge or experience about each topic?
types of people you meet types of moviegoers types of readers
14

THIS IS A SAMPLE COPY
To purchase the full version of this book, go to
www.techfactorsinc.com/store
www.techfactorsinc.com

African and Asian Literature

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

African and Asian Literature

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

ET8-Vol1-Cover.

pdf 1 3/13/2015 4:04:38 PM

African and Asian

John Paolo V. Sandicho

ET8-Vol. 1-Front Matter.indd 1 4/2/2014 10:26:11 AM

Philippine Copyright 2014 by TechFactors Inc.

First edition, 2014

Published by TechFactors Inc.

Exclusively distributed by TechFactors Inc.

Telephone number: (632) 929 8094

ET8-Vol. 1-Front Matter.indd 2 4/2/2014 10:26:11 AM

ET8-Vol. 1-Front Matter.indd 3 4/2/2014 10:26:11 AM

ABOUT THE SERIES COORDINATORS

Frances Paula L. Ibaez, M.A.

ET8-Vol. 1-Front Matter.indd 4 4/2/2014 10:26:11 AM

Unit 1: Remembering the Past

Lesson 8: Tragedies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Lesson 9: Legacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

ET8-Vol. 1-Table of Contents.indd 5 3/11/2014 4:11:52 PM

Lesson 1: Aphorisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Lesson 2: Adages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Lesson 3: Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Lesson 4: Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Lesson 5: Legends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Lesson 6: Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Lesson 7: Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Lesson 8: Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Lesson 9: Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

ET8-Vol. 1-Table of Contents.indd 6 3/11/2014 4:11:52 PM

Lesson 1: Memories Lesson 2: Values Lesson 3: Influences

Lesson 4: Sacrifices Lesson 5: Tribute Lesson 6: Adventures

Lesson 7: Veracities Lesson 8: Tragedies Lesson 9: Legacy

ET8-Vol. 1-Compiled.indb 1 3/11/2014 3:10:50 PM

Before Reading Lesson Objectives

ET8-Vol. 1-Compiled.indb 2 3/11/2014 3:10:50 PM

ET8-Vol. 1-Compiled.indb 3 3/11/2014 3:10:50 PM

The Old Soldiers Return

I was but fifteen when I left my friends

1. cypress - may refer to

ET8-Vol. 1-Compiled.indb 4 3/11/2014 3:10:51 PM

Exhausted by the journey and his grief,

ET8-Vol. 1-Compiled.indb 5 3/11/2014 3:10:51 PM

Type of Rhyme Explanation Example

Type of Rhyme Explanation

ET8-Vol. 1-Compiled.indb 6 3/11/2014 3:10:51 PM

5. Rich rhyme In a rich rhyme, a word rhymes with its homonym.

Kind of rhyme Lines showing the kind of rhyme

Kind of rhyme Your own rhyme

ET8-Vol. 1-Compiled.indb 7 3/11/2014 3:10:51 PM

Research and Writing

Skills Development: Making Inferences

Details or Statements What I Know from

ET8-Vol. 1-Compiled.indb 8 3/11/2014 3:10:52 PM

1. Far from the busy mart and huckstering crowd,

2. And now, alas! Im on this boat and bound

3. I cannot sleep, the future weights my mind,

4. How can I leave my former happy life

5. My office Ill resign and homeward turn

Grammar Review: Noun Phrase (NP)

article + noun the family, a cousin

possessive pronoun + noun their vacation, my gift

demonstrative pronoun + noun that house, this picture

adjective + noun exciting adventure, memorable week

ET8-Vol. 1-Compiled.indb 9 3/11/2014 3:10:52 PM