Year : 2016
Volume : 3
Issue Number : 1
Doi Number : 10.5455/JNBS.1442221850
Article history:
Received 16 September 2015
Received in revised form 1 December 2015
Accepted 14 December 2015
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OKSJENSZ ALIMA ETKS
Rostika Flora*1, Theodorus2, Muhammad Zulkarnain2, Rahmad Aswin Juliansyah3, Syokumawena3
Abstract
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zet
Fiziksel egzersiz salmz korumamzda hayati bir rol oynar. Molekler seviyede fiziksel egzersiz serotonin gibi sinir
ileticilerinin salglanmasna neden olur. Serotonin eksiklii stres ya da depresyon durumuna sebep olabilir. Fiziksel egzersizin
beyindeki serotonin seviyesini artrdn varsaydk. Bu nedenle, bu almada erkek Wistar sanlar beyin dokusundaki
serotonine ynelik oksijenli ve oksijensiz alma etkisini aratrmay amaladk. 28 adet erkek Wistar san, bir haftada
gerekletirilen 1x, 3x, 7xli oksijenli ve oksijensiz alma gruplar olmak zere 7 adet kontrol grubuna ayrlmtr. San ark,
oksijensiz alma iin 20 dakika boyunca 35 m/min hzda kullanlrken oksijenli alma iin 30 dakika boyunca 20 m/min hzda
kullanlmtr. Serotonin seviyesi ST/5-HT (Serotonin/5- Hidroksitriptamin) ELISA Kit kullanlarak llmtr. Tedaviler arasnda
nemli farkllklar ANOVA ( = 5%) ile test edilmitir. Varsaymmzn aksine, hem oksijenli ve hem oksijensiz alma gruplarnn
kontrol grubundan daha dk bir serotonin seviyesine sahip olduu ortaya kt.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Serotonin/5- Hidroksitriptamin, oksijenli, oksijensiz, fiziksel egzersiz
*1
Corresponding author: Study Program Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia.
E-mail: rostikaflora@gmail.com
2
Faculty of Medicine, University of Sriwijaya
3
Postgraduate Student of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sriwijaya
responses to stressors, emotions and mood Wistar) were used. The amount of sample was
(Charnay & Lger, 2010). Serotonin dysfunction determined using Federers formula (Federer, 1991):
leads to illness, such as depression, schizophrenia, (n-1) (t-1)15
anxiety and panic, migraine, hypertension, The seven groups of treatment were conducted (t
pulmonary hypertension, eating disorders, vomiting = 7) including control, 1x, 3x and 7x exercise in a
and irritable stomach syndrome (Pytliak et al., week of anaerobic and aerobic treatment and each
2011). group was consist of four healthy and adult male
According to Lin and Kuo (2013), an increase in rats (n = 4). All rats were obtained from Institut
synthesis and secretion of serotonin in the serum Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia.
and in the central nervous system is affected by
the intensity of physical activity. Physical exercise
by increasing serotonin can affect emotional 2.3.Treatment
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improvement in patients with major depression Treatments were divided into control with no
(Ahmad et al., 2007). Research conducted by exercises, anaerobic exercise and aerobic exercise.
Chaouloff et al., (1985) showed that Wistar rats A rat treadmill was used for both of anaerobic and
treated on a treadmill for 60 and 120 minutes, 20 m/ aerobic treatment. The frequencies of anaerobic
min, during 4-5 times exercise in a week revealed an and aerobic exercise were the same. Both of
increase of serotonin level. Physical exercise could anaerobic and aerobic exercise were conducted in
improve the cognitive function and mental health. once (1x), three times (3x), and seven times (7x)
Light physical exercise raises the neuronal activity in a week (Flora et al, 2012). However, aerobic
of hippocampus by increasing the neurotrophic exercise was set at speed 20 m/min for 30 min,
factor and neurogenesis factor (Okamoto & Soya, while anaerobic exercise was set at speed 35 m/
2012). The study conducted by Wang et al., (2013) min for 20 min (Soya et al., 2007; Fahrenia et al.,
showed an increase of serotonin level in the Wistar 2009, and Flora et al., 2012). Acclimatization of lab
rat hippocampus after treated in the running wheels condition was conducted in a week for all groups
for 2 km in 4 weeks. The hypothesis was that both while treadmill acclimatization was conducted for
exercises (anaerobic and aerobic) could increase the anaerobic and aerobic group (Kregel, 2006). All
the serotonin level in the rat brain. rats body weight was measured before and after
Study about the effect of frequency of the exercise the treatment.
toward the serotonin was limited. Prior study in rats
revealed that intense frequency of anaerobic and
aerobic exercise (seven times in a week) generated 2.4.Brain Preparation
a heart infraction, while once and three times Rat brain tissues were cleaned with PBS (0.01 M,
exercise in a week were safe (Flora et al., 2012). pH = 7.4), then all of them were homogenized by
That indicates that intense physical exercise, such as MagNa Lyser Green Beads (5.000 x g, 60 seconds).
seven times in a week, damage the heart muscles. All samples were centrifuged at 5.000 x g for 5
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compare the mean of serotonin level between each Costill, 1999; Astrand et al., 2003). The prior study
frequency in aerobic and anaerobic exercise. = revealed that physical exercise would give positive
0.05 was considered as the significant difference effect after 10 weeks of training (Fiatarone, et al,
level. 1994). Otherwise, Wilson and Marsden (1996)
research showed that serotonin level increased
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was observed in the control (0.7090.063 ng/ml).
followed by the 7x anaerobic exercise. However, this
ANOVA showed an insignificant difference between
study showed that the exercises done just in a week
1x, 3x, and 7x of anaerobic or aerobic exercise (Table
had lower serotonin level than serotonin level in the
1). Independent t-test showed an insignificant
difference in 3x (p=0.5) and 7x (p=0.151) of the control. According to the result, the short duration
anaerobic and the aerobic exercise, whereas a of exercise did not induce the increase of serotonin
significant difference (p=0.000) only occurred secretion. One week of treatment made the given
between anaerobic and anaerobic exercise in 1x exercises presented early as a stressor rather than
exercise (Table 1). as a stimulus to increase serotonin level in brain
tissue. Physical exercise done intensively without
Table 1: The Serotonin level is numbers before (left rest is an acute exercise could induce a stress to
side) symbol, all numbers after (right side) are the body and decrease the serotonin level in the
the standard error in male Wistar rat brain tissue from brain. The study by Chen et al., (2008) showed that
all treatments SpragueDawley rat treated by running 9 m/minute
Treatment Level (ng/ml) for 60 minutes every day during four weeks revealed
Group Anaerobic Aerobic a decrease of serotonin level in its hippocampus.
Control 0.7090.063 a 0.7090.063 a The main limitation of this study was the duration
1x 0.0740.004 bA 0.0060.003 bB of the treatment. One week of exercise was not long
3x 0.0840.003 bA 0.0650.025 bA enough to see a positive effect of the exercises.
7x 0.0990.034 bA 0.0340.007 bA We suggest for measuring the serotonin in a
Note. Data each group (n=4) were presented as mean standard error. Different specific place of serotonin (hippocampus) rather
lower case letters (a,b) in the same column show a significant difference than in whole brain tissue. Moreover, duration
between control, 1x, 3x, and 7x treatment (p<0.05, Tukey HSD post hoc test). of the treatment and histopathology of the brain
Difference upper case letters (A,B) in the same row show a significant difference
between the anaerobic and the anaerobic exercise in each frequency (p<0.05,
tissue should be prolonged and observed to know
t-test 2-tailed). clearly about the effect of anaerobic and aerobic
exercises toward the serotonin level. In conclusion, interpretation 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker.
both of physical exercise done during a week in Fiatarone, M.A., ONeill, E.F., Ryan, N.D., Clements, K.M.,
three different frequencies could not increase the Solares, G.R., Nelson, M.E., Roberts, S.B., Kehayias, J.J., Lipsitz,
L.A., & Evans, W.J. (1994). Exercise training and nutritional
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M. (2012). Correlation of hypoxia inducible factor-1 and vascular
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Hassan, E.EA., & Amin, A. (2011). Pilates exercises influence
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Klempin, F., Beis, D., Mosienko, V., Kempermann, G., Bader, M.,
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Kregel, K.C., Allen, D.L., Booth, F.W., Fleshner, M.R., Henriksen,
E.J., Musch, T.L., OLeary, D.S., Parks, C.M., Poole, D.C., Raanan,
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Fig. 1: Column chart of serotonin level in control, aerobic and
Okamoto, M., & Soya, H. (2012). Mild exercise model for
anaerobic treatment. The (*) shows a significant different of
2016 Published by skdar University
53(6), 538-41.
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