A COMPARATIVE ANALSIS FOR

ENHANCEMENT OF POWER QUALITY

WITH PSO TECHNIQUE
Dr. L. Ravi Srinivas1
Professor
Department of EEE
Gudlavalleru Engineering
College,AP,India
lravisrinivas@gmail.com
B Mahesh babu2
Assistant Professor
Department of EEE
Gudlavalleru Engineering
College,AP,India
bannu219@gmail.com

B.Venkata siva3 S.S.Tulasiram4

M.Tech Scholar Professor
Department of EEE Department of EEE
Gudlavalleru Engineering JNTU, Hyderabad
College,AP,India AP,India
venkatasiva30@gmail.com ramsankar@gmail.com
Abstract: Due to the environment using solve and regulate the voltage, while
increasing of power Simpower system permanent power parallel active power
electronic equipment toolbox. quality problem filter is more suitable
and nonlinear loads in introduced by this to compensate the
power distribution Keywords: Power Current harmonics harmonics in the
systems harmonic Quality (PQ), Shunt generated by supply current. The
contamination Active Power Filter nonlinear loads the Active power filters
introduced in the (SAPF), Instantaneous passive filters have (APFs) firstly
system and so the Active and Reactive been used; which are developed by
power quality(PQ) of Power (PQ) Theory, simple and low cost. Akagi, provide better
the system will be Hysteresis Band However, the use of performances of
effected. Active power Current Controller passive filter has harmonic elimination
filters (APF), which (HBCC),Total many disadvantages, [2],[5]. Fig.1 shows
compensate harmonic Harmonic Distortion such as large size, the block diagram
current component for (THD). tuning and risk of representation of
the power supplies, I. INTRODUCTION resonance problems. SAPF.
can improve the power Existing of non linear Active power filters
quality and enhance loads such as (APF) have been
the reliability and switching power considered as an
stability on power factor correction effective solution for
utility. Hysteresis converter, converter this issue, which been
Band Current for variable speed widely used. One of
Controller (HBCC) is AC motor drives and the most popular
used to generate the HVDC systems in the active filters is Shunt
gate pulses to the VSI power system Active power filter
of the filter. The produce harmonics (SAPF) .Since the Fig.1: Compensation
Instantaneous Active on load side, concept, " Active characteristics of a
and Reactive power especially power power filter " , was Shunt Active Power
(PQ) Theory is used to electronic devices first developed by L. Filter.
generate the reference are sources of Gyugyi[l] in 197Os. In this paper
currents. Further harmonics. These The control strategy reference currents are
This paper deals with harmonics are for active power filter generated with the
analysis and injected into source was concluded by H. control strategy
comparison of PI side of the system Akagi [2] as three Instantaneous active
based Particle Swarm and so source will modes, load current and reactive power
Optimization (PSO) have the harmonics. detection supply theory (pq theory).
with conventional PI So we have to current detection and And also Kp, Ki
controller for different mitigate these voltage detection, for parameters of PI
types of filters for harmonics on source different applications. controller are
harmonic reduction in side for maintaining In general the series optimized using
the source current. stability and active power filter is Particle Swarm
Simulations are improving power preferable to Optimization (PSO)
carried out in quality of the compensate the to maintain the
MATLAB/SIMULINK system[4]. In order to harmonics in supply
constant DC Instantaneous active active and reactive
2 2v
capacitor
Then
voltage.
finally
vdc 3 mLL and reactive power
theory (pq theory)
power can be
expressed by the
Hysteresis Band are load side following system:
Current Controller (1) harmonic currents
(HBCC) is used to Where, m is the and source voltages. p v v i

q
v v i
generate switching modulation index =1 The concept of
signals for the and VLL is the ac line instantaneous
Voltage Source voltage of three reactive power theory (5)
Inverter. phase source. (p-q theory) method
(ii) DC Bus basically consists of a The instantaneous
II. SYSTEM Capacitor: variable active and reactive
CONFIGURATION The value of dc bus transformation from power can be
A 3-, 415V, 50Hz capacitor (Cdc) is the a, b, c reference decomposed in terms
supply with non given by frame of the of the dc components
linear load as diode 1 2 instantaneous
2 power, plus the ac
rectifier having RL 2 c dc
[(v dc ) (v dc1 )] 3V ( aI )t
voltage and current components, that is
load and Shunt (2) signals to the ~
p p p
Active Filter are Where, Vdc is the reference frame. The ~
developed in reference dc voltage conversion formulae q qq
MATLAB/SIMULIN and Vdc1 is the of voltages and
K using Sim power minimum voltage currents are given (6)
System toolbox. level of dc bus, a is below Where :
A. Design the over loading
vsa

p, q : DC average
Parameters of Shunt factor taken as 1.2, V
v
A vsb
Active Filter: A is the phase voltage, I value of the

v
shunt active filter is the phase current instantaneous real
consists of three and t is time by v and reactive power
phase, three leg , which the dc bus sc respectively.
voltage source voltage is to be (3) ~ ~

inverter. The designs recovered [6]. p, q : AC value of

i sa
for dc bus capacitor,
i
the instantaneous real

A i sb
dc bus voltage are as III. CONTROL and reactive power

i
follows STRATEGY respectively
(i) DC Capacitor (A). i
sc
v p
Voltage: INSTANTANEOUS
i 1 v
The minimum dc bus REAL AND (4)
2
voltage should
greater than twice of
be REACTIVE POWER
THEORY:
Where
i v v v

2

v q

the peak of the phase This control strategy 1 1 1 (7)

voltage of the system. is used for the A 3 3 With
2 2
The dc bus voltage is generation of 0
calculated as reference source
2 2
currents. Inputs of the The instantaneous
 until reaching the meeting
~ the injection
i 1 v

v p 1 v vupper
0 1 v vrequirements.
hysteresislimit.


p
~
i v v 0 v v q v v iloss q(n) iloss(n1) k p v v
sn s (n
(8) (11)
Where
where,( v v
sn s ( n 1)
2 2 Fig.3: Hysteresis
v v
Current Controller ) is the error between
The reference the reference(Vdc*)
currents based on the Fig.2: Instantaneous At this state, IGBT and sensed (Vdc) dc
instantaneous active Active And will be automatically voltage at the nth
and reactive power Reactive Power turned off to decrease sampling instant. Kp
are determined Theory For the compensating and Ki are the
according to the Reference Current current. The proportional and the
flowing equation: Generation. reference current can integral gains of the
(B).HYSTERESIS be identified by SRF dc bus voltage PI
BAND CURRENT harmonic controller. The

~
p
v current
CONTROL: ~ detection[8]. placement of PI
i 1 vHysteresis
~ is
controller is shown in
~ 2 control technique
v v to design
q
2 (C). PI Fig.2 [6].

i v v employed CONTROLLER (D). PARTICAL

the control part of the The reason behind SWARM
(9) APF. The the often use of OPTIMIZATION
Finally, the compensating current proportional integral Particle swarm
calculation of the control using the controller or named optimization (PSO) is
reference harmonic hysteresis approach is simple PI controller a population based
current is determined shown in Figure 3. is its effectiveness in stochastic
as follows: Hysteresis band (HB) the control of steady- optimization
is used as the state error of a technique inspired by
boundary
of control system and social behavior of
* 1 ~
0 compensating current also its easy bird flocking or fish
i*a

2 1
i~
3 (ic). This current is implementation. schooling[9-10]. The
ib
* 3 2
2 controlled between However, one moments of the birds
i c 1 i and lower
3upper disadvantage of this are reflected as and

2
2 hysteresis limits. The conventional we call it as moments
compensating current compensator is its of "particle". All
(10) can be increased or inability to improve particles have fitness
decreased depending the transient response values which are
The block diagram of on the pattern switch of the system. The evaluated by the
(pq theory), is of inverter inside the output of PI fitness function to be
shown in Fig.2. APF. When IGBT controller at the dc optimized, and have
turns on, ic will be bus voltage of active velocities which
increased. It is filter is considered as direct the flying of
continually increased the current (iloss) for the particles. The
fitness function is Ki=1 shown in Fig.7.
1 r1 p
V s (t 1) wV s (t ) IV.cSIMULATION
defined as follow: ( x s (t )) c2 r 2 (Gbest x s (t ))
best

F f THD X s
(t 1) X s
(t ) VRESULTS
This s
(t 1)
section
where V s
(t )
represents describes the
(12) the velocity vector of comparison of total
The optimization particle s in t time; harmonic distortion
parameters are X (t ) represents the
s
of source current by Fig.7. THD
proportional gain position vector of employing shunt representations with
(Kp) and integral particle s in t time; best active power filter Shunt Active filter
gain (Ki), the transfer is the personal best controlled by PI controlled by PI
function of PI position of particle s, controllerand controller.
controller is defined Gbest is the best Partical Swarm
by: position of the Optimization. Three With SAPF PI-PSO
particle found at phase non-linear load optimized controller

G (s) k
c p
k i present; w represents (Diode rectifier) is the illustration of
s inertia weight; c1, c2 considered for THD in source
are two acceleration simulation. Without current which is
(13) constants, called filtering the source reduced to 1.69%
The gains Kp and Ki cognitive and social current THD is making Kp and Ki
of PI controller are parameters 28.08% which is ranging from (0,180),
generated by the PSO respectively; and r1 shown in Fig.6. c1=2 and c2=2 is
algorithm for a given and r2 are two Instantaneous power shown in Fig. 10. The
plant. As shown in random functions in theory is used to optimized values of
Fig.4. the range [0, 1]. The estimate the reference Kp and Ki occurs at
flow chart of general compensating 15.572 and 180
PSO is shown in current. respectively making
Fig.5. the velocities run per
20 divisions between
maximum and
minimum velocities.
Ten populations is
Fig.4. PI -PSO considered for
Control System. evaluation.
The output of the PI Fig.6. THD
controller u(t) is representations
given by: without Shunt Active
t filter.
u (t ) k p e(t ) k i e(t ) dt With SAPF PI
0
controller the
(14) illustration of THD in
The position of source current which Fig.8. THD
particle move rule is Fig.5. Flowchart of is reduced to 2.13% representation with
shown as follows: PSO algorithm. by making Kp=1 and Shunt Active filter
controlled by PI-PSO (Phase A) filters are shown [3] IEEE Standard
controller among all high 519-1992, IEEE
Parameter Butterworth filterhas recommended practices
With SAPF PI-PSO Without Filter given the best THD and requirements for
optimized controller With Conventional PI values. At this level, harmonic control in
the illustration of With optimized PI- comparative studies electrical power
convergence of THD PSO between the systems," IEEE Std
in source current and conventional PI 519-1992, 12 April,
the Dc link voltages Table.2. THD of controller and 1993.
is shown in Fig.9 and source current phase Partical Swarm [4] M. EI-Habrouk, M.
Fig.10. The PI-PSO A for different type Optimization showed K. Darwish, and P.
optimization has been of filters that Partical Swarm Mehta (2000) Active
run for 0 to 100 Optimization has power filters: A review.
iterations and the Filter HPF with been proved to be Proceedings in IEE on
Convergence type order and better in terms of Electric Power
evaluation of frequency(1 harmonic reduction Applications, Vol. 147,,
simulation are given &30) in source current and pp. 403-412.
below. compensating the [5] F. Z. Peng, H.
Butter 2.74% reactive power. The Akagi, and A. Nabae
worth dc bus voltage has (1993) Compensation
Cheby 2.92% been maintained characteristics of the
shew I constant equal to the combined system of
Elliptic 2.92% reference voltage by shunt passive and series
Bessel 2.74% PI, Partical Swarm active filters. IEEE
Fig.9. THD Optimization Transaction on Industry
Convergence controllers. It has Applications, Vol. 29,
illustration from PI- V. been found that these pp. 144-152.
PSO & PI-DE CONCLUSION robust and nonlinear [6] The harmonics
Optimization The work presented controls prove to be detection method based
Algorithm. in this paper makes a better than on neural network

significant conventional control. applied to harmonics

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