Capacitive Insulation is used to avoid immediate heat transfer by storing the heat in the building

material itself. As heat enters the material, particles of material ( herein referred as capacitive
insulation) absorbs a certain amount of heat and provides a delaying effect for the heat flow.

Reflective Insulation is a form of insulation in which the heat transfer is minimised by the reflective
process. The heat is reflected back by the surface reflective properties of the material. Examples: use
of foils reflects the radiant heat.

Resistive Insulation or bulk insulation uses air gaps in the material to resist conduction through the
material. Examples are cellulose, glass wool etc.

Biomass

Biomass fuels are biological materials derived from living or recently living organism. In the context
of biomass for energy, this is often used to mean plant based material, but biomass can equally
apply to both animal and vegetable derived materials. Biomass fuels include wood, wood waste,
straw, sugarcane and many other by-products from variety of agricultural processes. Municipal solid
waste is also a source of biomass fuel.

SOME SUGGESTIONS ON THE PREVIOUS QUESTION PAPERS.

1. In both the previous question papers, it is asked to calculate the U value of a composite
section.

U value =Inverse of [1/23 + 1/axd + 1/bx d1 + 1/c xd2+ 1/8 ]

Where a, b and c are the conductivity of the materials and d, d1 and d2 are the
corresponding thicknesses of the materials.

Remember 1/23 is the resistance of the outside air film and 1/8 is the resistance of the inside air
film.

Since the question has already given the resistance value of the inside and outside film, you have to
consider those values and not 1/23 and 1/8. But if the resistance values of inside and outside film
are not given, then you take 1/23 and 1/8 as resistance values for outside and inside air film

DONT GET CONFUSED if the question asks you to calculate the air to air transmissions, it means U
value only, so do not get confused.
 2. Please study traditional / historical buildings response to climate and human comfort (
Energy Efficiecy). In 2014 it was about Mughal Architecture, and in previous years it was on
Courtyard houses of Rajasthan.
3. Please study the impact of shading devices for different orientations of buildings and its
impact on energy savings.

Q2. (2015)

A ceiling fan consumes 60 w. If the fan operates for 8 hours a day for 300 days in a year, calculate
the total energy cost per annum if the cost is Rs 6/ per kwh.

A2 ( 2015)

Total Energy consumption 60 w x 8 hours x 300 days = 144000 w = 144 kwh

Total cost of energy = 144 x Rs 6 = Rs 864.00.