RESISTOR

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component. In electronic circuits, resistors

are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, and many more. Fixed
resistors have resistances that only change slightly with temperature, time or operating voltage.
Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements (such as a volume control or a lamp
dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or chemical activity.

For example, if a 300 ohm resistor is attached across the terminals of a 12 volt battery,
then a current of 12 / 300 = 0.04 amperes flows through that resistor.

1. Types of Resistor
In general resistor can be classified into many types, Then if we classify of resistor
based on the resistance value can be divided into 3 types :
1. Fixed Resistor
Fixed resistor can found in metal film resistor, carbon resistor, and metal oxide resistor.
A single in line (SIL) resistor package with 8 individual, 47 ohm resistors. One end of
each resistor is connected to a separate pin and the other ends are all connected together
to the remaining (common) pin pin 1, at the end identified by the white dot.

2. Variable Resistor
Variable resistor has value of resistance can be changed. There are many kind of variable
resistor but Potensiometer or trimpot is the most used for variable resistor. Potensiometer
can changed the value of resistance with rotating the axis with screwdrawer. Commonly,
variable resistor used for voltage divider that we can use for control volume amplifier,
tone control and many more.

3. Non Linier Resistor

Non Linier Resistor has value of resistance that dependent with state in area. This matter
caused by temperature, pressure, light etc. example LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) the
resistance will change if struck wight the light, Thermistor the resistance will change if
temperature struck that divided into 2 PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) and NTC
 (Negative Temperature Coefficient), Strain Gage the resistance will change if pressure
struck that, etc.

Then if we classify of resistor based on the material used, can be divided into 3 types :
1. Wirewound Resistor
High-power wire wound resistors used for dynamic braking on an electric railway car.
Such resistors may dissipate many kilowatts for an extended length of time
2. Carbon Resistor
A carbon film is deposited on an insulating substrate, and a helix is cut in it to create a
long, narrow resistive path.
3. Metal Film Resistor
A common type of axial-leaded resistor today is the metal-film resistor. Metal Electrode
Leadless Face (MELF) resistors often use the same technology, and are also cylindrically
shaped but are designed for surface mounting.

2. Reading The Resistor Value

Color Code Resistor

Resistor has 4, 5 or 6 color code. For 4 color code, color 1 and 2 is digit 1 and 2, color 3 is
multiplier and color 4 is tolerance. For 5 and 6 color code, color 1,2 and 3 is digit 1,2 and 3,
color 4 is mulplier and 5 is tolerance. And for color 6 is temperature coefficient. In sequence of
color code is black, brown, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet, gray and white.

3. The Characteristic of Resistor

The greater the value of current and resistance, the voltage value will be greater. Example, if
the resistance value of one thousand ohms and a current of one ampere, the voltage will be
for a thousand volts and if the value of two thousand ohms resistance and rated current of two
amps, the voltage value of four thousand volts.
4. The Application of Resistor

In a voltage divider circuit, there are two resistors in series and a voltage source. If you want
to look for the voltage on the resistor value first, then the first resistor divided by the first
resistor plus a second resistor then multiplied by the voltage source If you want to look for a
second voltage on the resistor value, then the second resistor divided by the first resistor
plus a second resistor then multiplied by the voltage source.
 RESISTOR

Fixed Resistor Variable Resistor

Non Linier Resistor

LDR PTC NTC

(Light Dependent Resistor) (Positive Temperature Coeficient) (Negative Temperature

Coeficient)
Symbol of Resistors :

Colour Code Resistor :

Based on Ohm Law :
V=I*R

The law of Ohm claim that resistance inversely proportional with amout of current that pass in
the circuit.

I= R=

Whereas :
V = Voltage (Volt)
R = Resistance (Ohm)
I = Current (Ampere)

Type of Resistors based on Material used :

Wirewound Resistor

Carbon Resistor
 Metal Oxide Resistor

The application of resistor

The Characteristic of Resistor