SMITHSONIAN MATHEMATICAL TABLES

HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

PI1KPAUKD 11Y

GEORGE F. BECKER AND C, E. VAN ORSTRAND

No- 1871

CITY 01? WAHHINflTON

PUBLIHTU3D BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
1000
 ADVERTISEMENT.

Among the early publications of the Smithsonian Institution was a very

important volume of meteorological tables by Dr. Arnold Guyot. They were
so widely used by geographers and physicists as well as by meteorologists
that when the fourth edition was exhausted it was decided to recast (be
entire work and publish three separate volumes, Meteorological Tables,

Geographical Tables, and Physical Tables, each of which has now passed
through several editions.
In the application of the data of these volumes to the study of natural
phenomena certain mathematical tables beside those included in ordinary
tables of logarithms are urgently needed in order to save recurrent computa-
tion on the part of observers and investigators.- It was therefore decided
to publish the present volume of Mathematical Tables, on Hyperbolic Func-
tions.

Hyperbolic Functions are extremely useful in every branch of pure physics

and in the applications of physics whether to observational and experimental
sciences or to technology. Thus whenever an entity (such as light, velocity,

electricity,or radioactivity) is subject to gradual extinction or absorption,

the decay represented by some form of Hyperbolic Functions. Mcrcator's
is

projection is likewise computed by Hyperbolic Functions. Whenever me-

chanical strains are regarded as great enough to be measured they are most
simply expressed in terms of Hyperbolic Functions, Hence geological do-
.formations invariably lead to such expression, and it is for that reason that
Messrs. Becker and Van Orstrand, who are in charge of the physical work
of the United States Geological Survey, have been led to
prepare this volume.

D. WAI,COTT, Secretary,
WASHINGTON, D, C., April, 1909.

In this first reprint of the Hyperbolic Functions a few tmsprinis of trifling import-
ance have been corrected and four values of the exponential have been chaiigud
by a
unit in the eighth significant place.

April, 1911, .
C D, VV.

In the second reprint of these Tables, several additional minor corrections

have been
made, usuallyin the last decimal place.

November, 1920. , rj, \y t

iii
 CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION :
PAUH
Deflnltiona inul formulas ............. vii
Geometrical illustrations ............. xxviii
Methods of Interpolation ............. xxxiv
Description of tables ......... ..... . xlijj
Historical note ................. xlviii
TAIU.K I ;

Klve place values of log dull tt

log cosh w, lop tanh tt and log
...................
t
t

coth u i

II :

Five: place values of muli w, cosh ,

tnnh w, and coth M . . .
87

Five place valucMof sinw, COB log sin and log cos , ,
w, w being
expressed In mdiniw nnd tholr nugitlnr equivalents .... 173
TA)ir,nIV:
The ascending nnd dcsceiuHng exponential to seven aignlficaiit
figures with log lrt
r" to .seven plncas ......... 225
Nine place valiic-H of the same with ten place logarithms from
"" I t'O U tssi TOO
............... 359
Auxiliary table of mnlliple.H of log lo t- for interpolation of log, t'". 261
TAni.K V :

Five place valnc.s of nntnral logarithmn ........ 263

Interpolation couHicicntH for derivative formula ..... 273
TAHU* VI :

The gudornuuinian of Heven places in rndiaiw and to the same

to
order of accuracy in degrees, miiuiteH, and seconds . . , ,
275
TAMMC VII :

The antl-gnderinannian to hnmlredths of a minute in terms of

the gtidennannian cxpre.ssed in degrees and minutes from o o'
to 8y 50'. (This table is otherwise known as a table of me-
ridional parts for a spherical globe) ......... 309
TAJiucVHI;
Table for cmwjr.tbu of rtulliuw into angular measure and vice
verwi ................... 320
Numerical constants ............... 321;
 DEFINITIONS AND FORMULAS.

The hyperbolic functions are named the hyperbolic

sine, cosine, tangent,
cotangent, secant, and cosecant from their close analogy to the circular func-
tions, the tangent being the ratio of the hyperbolic sine to the cosine find
the other three functions
being reciprocals of these, as in circular trigonom-
etry. They are usually denoted by adding h to the symbols of the circular
functions, as cosh u for the hyperbolic cosine of u, sinh n for the hyperbolic
sine of n, etc. 1

Historically speaking, the hyperbolic functions were evolved from studies

of the hyperbola.
They have beenmight developed from the geometry of
the ellipse or the catenary or that of other curves. These functions, how-
ever, may be considered independently of any geometrical interpretation nnd
can be derived from very fundamental functional theorems.
At least two methods have been devised of
defining circular find hyper-
bolic functions analytically.One of these is due to Mr. Yvon Villarcenu, 3
and is so extremely brief that
it cau be
given here in a somewhat modified
form.
It has long been known that

gtmire __. j . u -f 2(tir _e it ,

(u + ar)i __ e in f

The second of these equations has a

single imaginary period, 2 *V, and the
third a single real period, 2 Hence every exponential e* in which u is real
TT.

has a single imaginary period, 2 fa, and every exponential with the same base,
but with an imaginary exponent, has a real
period, 2 TT. Now, all real purely
circular functions may be
expressed in terms of constants and exponentials
with purely imaginary exponents, and all real
hyperbolic functions may
be expressed in terms of constants and
exponentials with exclusively real
exponents.
Hence hyperbolic functions may be defined as the
singly periodic expo-
nential functions with real
exponents. The circular functions are then the
singly periodic exponential functions with imaginary exponents.
It remains to be considered
how, from this point of view, the hyperbolic
functions of complex variables are to be The
regarded. question almost
answers itself ;
for

>More compendious and convenient, but less usual, the notation employed by
is
B cle
Saint- Venant, sih ,
coh ,
tab u,
'Comptea Rendtis. Paris, vol. 83, 1876, p. 594.

vfl
 VIU DEFINITIONS AND KOUMUI.AS.

which is evidently the product of two functions one circular, tin- other
hyperbolic. Such functions have a real period and an imaginary nut-, hut
since they are single-valued they are not elliptic functions.
The and hyperbolic functions being defined as above, it is merely
circular
as a matter of convenience that a few of the simpler combinations of expo-
nentials receive special names, as sine, cosine, etc.
The other analytical method of generalising the two classes of I'unelimw
is due to Edward Lucas,
1

and is too long to be given hen; in full, bill the

method may be indicated. If a and b are the two roots of Ihe equation

#' - /*H- = o,

where jatid Q are positive or negative whole numbers, then two functions
may be defined as follows:

(, //I
=
.

Ut 5L_; V, :j: <f + f,

and these functions tire related by the equation

Lucas develops and studies these functions, limiling at first lo wholr posi-
tive numbers. He finds that all the theorems resultiii]', from ilii.s simly U re
converted into those of ordinary trigonometry when U is replaced by y siti ;/
and r/by 2 cos n. He infers that between the limils and minus
i
i, >,
mny
be replaced by any real value, and shows that the theorems
ilenliiu/with //
and V when translated into trigonometric formulas on this
assumption run
be verified. By substituting for an imaginary argument, tin-
hyperbolic
functions also are found to be
comprehended in the general functions //
and K
Both the circular and hyperbolic functions
may further be regarded as
integrals of the equation

d d'y d rf'y

If c => a', this gives

where A and S are arbitrary constants so that the

;
integral expression In-
eludes slnh ru, cosh x, and the sum or difference of these
If ~ *,
functions,

y~ w
b AI cos x 4- 7?i sin .r.

,
Jour, of Matli., vol. i, tftyH, p. 184.
 DKI'INITIONH AND l'OUMUI<AS. IX

The hyperbolic functions may also lie de-

fined geometrically with reference to any
hyperbola,
Let OA CTS (i
t
Oil & I be the Ketni-axe.4 of
the hyperbola A/\ and its eonjugato JU }I

referred to the rectangular axes o.v and

oy. The argument or independent variable
and iui fnnetioiiM are then given by :
'

A OAlf

The
areas of the triangles OAJ>\ OA1\ and OMl arc roapectlvcly i d^,
i r mid i At, an<l tho area of the Hector CM/* la found from the equation of
the hyperbola,
*' . / 831
rt
1
""^ '

to he

Hence, in accordance with Ihc above

a >V' .

H BIS
log
(C/;

.r
.si nil w :

Hliullnrly the nrKunit?nt and funcllona of circular Irluonoinetry nro :

S arc
'
.w .

COHflw-'- w J f
ve
i>
.Uir-rt).
'
/'

A
compnrlHOii of tlic preceding cqunlions shows tlmt there exist between
the two tuilfl of nrgtinuintH and funcilonw iniiny intertiHtiiiK analogies and rela-
lionH. The argumenlH are in each caHc tho ratio of two arean, although the
of the cli'cuhir fuwilloiiH may also be defined as mtlo of two linos;

1
1'or ileflultloim which nre iii(le]wn<lcnL of Hie ixmllluii of Hie Htctorlnl ivrcH HCIS I'rof,
cd McMnlitm'ii
"
ITyiterltollc Functlmtii" nntl n pnpcr "Oil tliu InlroducUon of tho
Notion of Ilyperlittllc! I'uneilona," hy Prof. M.W, Ilniikcll, Dull, Am, MuLh. Soc,, vol. i,
 X DKl.'INI'1'IONS AND KOKMl!T,A,S.

the hyperbolic functions stand in the same relation to the eqirihih'Ml hyper-
bola as the circular functions do
the circle; each set of functions may In-
to
defined analytically as a particular branch of the
theory of the expom-ntml
function, and it is passible to pass from the one to the other by means of the

imaginary i = (/ i . For example,

si nh u = i sin tit,

cosh u ~ eos in,

tanh u = /tan iu.

Furthermore, every rational function of the hyperbolic- function.'! ami ihrir

inverts can be integrated by the help of
corresponding known inley,ral.sul' i-ir-
cular functions. Thus, to find I scch u tftf. from

|- tan
fsec n an
I
j -r,
' --sin u.

log '
;-
* 2 I sin it
r -tan
substitute in for u and reduce to the form

/ tnnli

J Hech u du M -:-

i / tanh

If in this equation tnnh- is replaced byj/, the second member ooineidos in

form with the expression for 2 tan
-
below,
Hence
ft

sech du = 2 tan ")

J '(tiinh ;,/ ,

Similarly, when a differential is encountered the

integral of which i not to
be found in this collection, it is
expedient to deduce the
expression in cyclic functions by
substitution of ix for x etc., and t

then to make a search for its

integral. 6
Most interesting is the relation
existing between the formulio of
spherical trigonometry and the
formulae of lyobachevsky's
imag-
inary geometry, hyperbolic ge-
ometry, or pseudo - spherical
geometry, as it is sometimes
called. IvObachevsky defines the
 DEFINITIONS AND FORMULAS. Xl

and PC, may be drawn from a point P to a line AS? the sum of the angles
of a triangle
is less than two
right angles, and the angle of parallelism // (/)
isdependent upon the perpendicular distance p of the point ^from the line
AB. If now any line passing through A, such as is extended until the AE t

perpendicular erected at its middle point is parallel to AB, the locus of the
points E is a boundary curve, and the revolution of this curve about AB or
one of its parallels It is upon this surface of
develops a boundary surface.
constant negative curvature .that I/obachevsky imagines a triangle of sides
b, c and angles A, 13, Cto be drawn.
, He establishes as fundamental rela-
tions between the sides and angles of this triangle l

sin A tan //
() = sin B tan //
() = sin Ctati //
(c),
sin //
() siu n (<r)
= sin II
() cos // () cos U (_c) sin U () cos A t

sin //
(a) cos A= cos B cos C sin 11 () + sin B sin C,

and also proves that

sin //
(it)
= (cos j'w) ~ (cosh ;*) ~
1 l
,

tan //
(yt)
= i (sin in}~ = (si uh H) 1
""',

cos //
(?<;)
= i tan = tauh n, z

Hence the preceding equations may be written

sin A ___
sin B ~
_ sin C
'
siuha sinh It sinh c
cosh a = cosh i cosh c sinh b sinh c cos ^/,
cos /i cos B cos C + sin .5 sin C cosh a.

These formulas are, in fact, precisely those of spherical trigonometry, in

which the real sides a, b, c have been replaced by the imnginaries ia ib ic. t t

If the triangle on the boundary surface is infinitesimal, the above

equations
reduce to the well-known relations between the sides and angles of a
triangle
on the Euclidean plane. The theorems of non-Kuclidean geometry may not
therefore be inconsistent with experience, for the largest
triangle which we
can measure is infinitesimal in comparison with a triangle on the boundary
surface. Lobachevsky pointed out that a triangle on a boundary surface
would correspond to a triangle connecting three stars in distant parts of the
universe, and that the postulates of his geometry, involving as lliey do the
question of the curvature of space, would be capable of experimental proof
if the parallaxes of distant stars could be measured with sufficient
accuracy.
Lastly, there is an important relation between the numerical values of the
circular and hyperbolic functions. If the argument n assumes successive
values between o and + co sinh
assumes successive values between o and
, it

+ just as tan a. does when a varies from o to 90; cosh u assumes values
between i and + like sec /?, and tauh n assumes values between o and r

'H. P. Maiming's Ncm-BucHdean Geometry, p. 60,

Xll DEFINITIONS AND VORMUI.A8.

in the same way as silly. The variation of the hyperbolic functions through-
out the entire plane and their similarity to the circular functions between the
limits o" and iHo" is .shown
in the diagram. Siiu:e each
of the functions iji singly

periodic, there must be a

single value of fi, y cor- ,

responding to u particular
value of -it, such that

Minh it - :
tan ,

cosh n ;
sec (i t

tanh n ^ sin y.

It will be found by sub-

stituting in the trigonomet-
ric forimtliu that ft
,

-.y

</>, and the required rela-

tions are therefore

cosh n - see /,
sinh // 1
tan </-,

tanh 7/^sin </.,

The angle </> which renders

it
possible to evaluate the
hyperbolic functions by
means of the eitvulur func-
tions is of great importance
in pure and applied mathe-
matics. Koine (if its
prop-
crtles anil applications will
bo considered in the M-cUon
on geometrical illustra-
tions. It in called guder-
innnnlun n and is written

*/* u.

The following lint of form-

uhe involving the
hyper-
bolicfunctions might be
greatly extended, but it
includes the most useful
1
relations.
 DHI'INITION.H AND 1'OKMUJ.AH.

A, RKI.ATIONH wmviciw Ilvi'icuitoue AND Cmcui.AU FUNCTIONS.

1. sunk R sin in tnn
f
gd .

2. cosh <^ con / HCC ^v/ .

3. tunh // ::- / tun in Hin #</ .

4. tanh ,^
w f-j tnn -J jjrrf //,

5. A-" M ( i -I- .sin $d w) -i- cos tfrf ,

a cos (i TT f -

[ i
tftf ) ] :- in (J TT -|-
jyrf w),
^ tan (.| W-I- iA^rf").
6. sinh /*==> / ,siu .

7. cosh / ;
-icon -K,

H. Uuih ?'
=1 /' tnn w,
y. Hinii ( ;i; /")
:., :
d- i -sin (?; :p w)i
Hlnh cos v / cosh ,slti v,
10, co.sh (M :!,:
/v) ;
cos (v -|; /w)
j

-- cosh w COH vdr / sinh ln w.

11. cosh (wiV) B cos an Integer.)
W/-7F-. (i in

12. nlnh (aw-f i) JiV*/flIn (aw-|- i) JTT, (M. la nn Integer.)

)). Kltr.ATIONB AMONG Wilt ItVl'KlUlOJJC l-UNC'l'IONfl.

Hlnh u -s 11
er" -
w) =a (cscli
13, a C^ ) alnh ( ) r 1

e= a tnuh u tnnh 1 1 w) " w

J -\~ ( r -
tnnh w -i- (i tank 1 )
coslu< i (tf"-h <?"")" cosh ) --
14,, ( (scck)"'i
(i -I- - tniih'lw) -^ i -!-
tntihMwJ-i-(i
15. tank w :

(tf
11

r-") -i- ft" -I-

-") tank ( w ),
-
(coth w)"
1
Hlnh w-i-oosh w (i w
if). HCCll K ^* flech ( ) taa
(i tttllll
1
)W,
17, csch K csch (-) i
(coth
1
i)K.
18. coth coth (- w) m (cscli" w -I- i)K.
1
ly. cosh" u Hlnh w ^-- r,

20. Hlllh \ U w l/i (oOHll W "l)i

3i. eiwh i w m |/ j(coh u -I- r).'

aa. tfinh i M (cosh K
-
i) -h Hlnh t/,

filnk -i- (i -h cosli w) s i

23- Blllh 9H ^a 2 Hlllll COSll " 2 tOllh W -! tttllH*

(i )
94. cosli a// cosh w 8
+ Hitih" w a coah 1 r,
i -I- a Hluh
1
K ^ (r -|- tfinh" w) -i~ (i tnnk' )
25, tRiih sit a ittuh wH (i -|- tnnh w). 1

1
26. alnh 3M oa 3 flhih // -| 4. sluh K,
conh 3 a 4 cosh 8 w
37. 3 coah //.
38. tanh yt **> (3 tanh n -\~ taiih 1
w) -- (i + 3 tnnh 1 ).
XIV DEFINITIONS AND KOUMUJ.A.'l.

29. sinh nu =
(")( ')(" "-}
_]

f.lf . T
ff ,
J
v

30. cosh nn cosh" it -I-

_
cosh """// sinh //
j
. . .

31. sinh u + sinli v --- 2 sinh i ( -f- ;') cosh <! (// ;0.

32. sinh sinh v = 2 cosh J (// -|- 7') sinh J (" ;'').

33- COSh ft -|- COSh V :-."- 2 COSll '1

(// -|- '!')
COSll ;| ( // ,'') .

34. cosh u cosh 2 sinh sinh v).

?v -
;'
(// -|- 7') ;( (//

35. sinh -J- cosh = (i -|-- tanh 4

//):-( i tanh i /(-).

36. (sinh 7^ -|- cosh it)"

------
cosh ///<: -)- sinh ////.

37. tnnh n -|- tanh 7' = sinh (ft -) ?') -:- cosh // cosli ;>,

38. tanh tanh 7'= sinh (// 7') -j-cosh //cosli i'.

3'j. coth -|- coth 11= sinh ( -|- 7') : sinli // sinh r.

40. coth it
~ coth v = sinh ( 7') : sinh // sinh v.

41. sinh (u v) ~- sinh u cosh v :!; cosh sinh v.

42. cosh (w w) = cosh ?/ cosh 7' sinh sinh p

, '.

43. tanh Cv)= (tunh Krl-ljuih v) :(! -i

tanh // innli t- J

44. coth ~-
( 7;) (coth K coth w : .i; r) -r (coth v i
coLh it}.

45. sinh ( -1- v) -|- sinh ( 7;)

.-..-: 2 sinh cush v.

46. sinh (?i -|- y)

- sinh (
- v) :- 2 cosli // .sinh v.
47. COSh ( V) ~\- COSll ( + -V )
s: r,
2 cos], f,,.;], ;/>

48. cosh (u v) cosh ( + - ^ ?') 2 sinh tt sinh v.

49. tanh i (;H- w) (sinh //

-f sinh 7') ;
(cosh // -|- n.sh
50. tanh J (w - w) = (sinh //
- sinh 7-) :
(cosh // n .;ih
;).

|. v)!
51. coth 4 (w -I- w):--:(sinh n - sinh f) -: (cosh // -
rosh ;>).

52. coth j (w
~ 7;) = (sinh it .(- sinh - cosh
7')
:
(cosli /r
v).
taiUi ?H- tnnh
tanh n
~
_Kinh (// .[ 7'}

tanh v sinli (it

7')'

w
..

- ^ " _ I- ?')
-v
'

coth 7; cntli'zi "sinh (// )'

55- sinh ( + ) + cosh ( + 7.) (cosh /,.(. si,,!, ;/) ( W) s j, .

]
|

56, sinh (K -|- v) sinh (

- 7;) HJU]^ _ sjn |,i
?1[

cosh'' n>sh' 7',

57- COSll (tt -|- V) COSh (

- ?-)
,
cOHll" ff -I- Killh' 71,

"-.sinh" -|- cosh" v.

58. sinh (?;//7r) = o. (/ Is nn integer).

59- cosh (mi ir} ( j)"
1

60. tEinh(w/7r)=io,

61. sinh ( H- W/TT) == (__ l)M HJnh W(

62. cosh (n -f V) ( j) cosh .

63. sinh (2 w-h r) Hffra^;.

 DEFINITIONS AND FORMULAS.
64. COSll (2 m -f l) ZTT = O.

65. sinli (
w )
z cosh w.
\ 2 /

66. cosli
(~u}:i siuh #.

67. tanh ( -f zV) = tauh .

C. INVERSE HYPERBOUC FUNCTIONS.

68. sinh-' =
69. cosh- 1
= log (?/+ vV i)
= ainh ~>
,/ g ,_ r
-_ f ^
J (' O
70. tanh- w 1
= J log (i + ?0 Hog (i w) =Jf du .

i u
71. coth^w^ilogCi+w) Jlog( i)

7, *- = , + =--._ = cosh -,i.

M .
i++ x)
74. siii
*
u ~ i siuh- 1
/ = ~? log (? 4. i/j >)."

75. cos-
1
u^-tcosh- 1
w = log *

76. tan-=:

77. cot-
1
w^
1
78. sin- ra

79. cos-^K^zcosh-'iw^ flog (w+ 1/1+

| )7

So. ta->fc = ftati-i =- !+) -log

81. oor^^
82.
oosh-4(
w
+^ =5ssill i 1
-.i
} (B _JLU tauh -i
r

1
83. tanh- tail u ^gd 2 u,

84. tan

85- cosh- esc 9 _ sinh - .

cot a w = __ ^ _
xvl nit IGNITIONS AND I'OK

1 3
86. tanh" tan (-J-w -|- -J-)
---
-,J- log cso it.

87. tauh~' tan -J-

u ---
} log KCC .

1
88. cosh" 7f cosh" v-.~
1

co.sh""
1

[uv :.i.:

89. siuh" 1 u si

D. SKKIKH.

go, tf" _ _.. .

2l
T
3! 4

91- loj

92. lo$
2

93- log
+ i
3 V w -|-i

94- log = u ~~ -L " -L

" J " <

2 3"

95- log

96. log

.-

2
99. tanh 7* '/c
-f-
..i ..

3 15 3 '5

roo, if coth = i 4- -1 n j J- *
4
(//'
45 y45
roi. sech n-= i - - Gl..u
720
102, n csch'7i = i ...

15120
i
103, gd u n H
(
24 5041)

- - sech H -- 1 -^-
2
cll
'. i 3 -
ec
2
5
 DEFINITIONS AND FORMULAS.

10 4 .
=^rf-^ = + _L^
O
+ _J_^ + J*!_^
r +
24 5040
= L^ + ^J.^._J_A.A
105. sinli-'
23245 2 4 6 7

= log6 2 ;H--- -- -LAJL

2 2z<"
J A,J
2 4
106. cosh-' W -i-i 13 i
_3S.J
=:Iog2
22?^ 2 4 ^ 2466?
107. tanh- u 1
= u + ~-it* + + ^
7 + t > (

o o /

108.
8

109.
-'- 3

2 2 4 4
__.
246 6

no. csch-^^^siuh- 1
= JL_L_ j.
2 r B
J..3. J__ 1.3 5
7; ?^ ?(3 2 4 5(* '246

K. DERIVATIVES.
u
in. -(te = (..

TT2
1 1 , ^
It
au
-- - ^^
u

siuh
-

--
an
, d cosh
- u . ,
i ID. =sml].,

117.
-- rftanh
j
an
;^

?<;

seclr u,
,
.

d coth ^

d sech u
ri 9- sech u, taiih ft,
-^
d csch u
120, ?= .

each . coth .

rfsinh-i
121 .

!/'
 DEFINITIONS AND I'

d cosh ~ u '
i
122. "- -:;.-:.:.::---::.
-,

du- lV i

d tanli - u '

_
i

r23 '

7w~ -^T r '

d coth - l

"" __
i
I2J.-
^ r~ -1
";ft
J

rfaech __ r
~^_n ~~
du u i/i'u*'
. d csch
- u '
i
-
126.

rfgd ?<^
,'
127. ^-
'
sech w.

128. - ------- sec .

F. INTHGRAI.S. (INTEGRATION CONSTANTS AKK OMITTKH.)

129.
J
sinli u du = cosh .

130. cosli du ~- siuh w.

J
131.
J tauh /^ (/ = log cosh u,
132.
J coth u du = log Hiuh ,

133- flCch =: 2 tftll

~ '
:.^
J 7,! rt? (.'"
gd 7^.

= log tanh w
134- csch n du -
J -.

135-
/sinli"
rf - -i- sinh "~ '
. cosh - .?' .
!
si ...-.a

136-

1 M
V T Kinh COflllll
.

137,
J 7^ sinh u du = cosh ?,;
- ,sinh .

138.
J u cosh 7* rf = u sinh ?; cosh u.

139- J
*
sinh rf = 2( -f.
) co

140. J Wsi
 DKKINI'JMONS AND VOHMULAS.

141. J sinli
1
u du -- \ (ninh n oosh - )

siiih w. cosh :;
142. J /to I cosh (2 w).

143- coHh w 11

<to -
cosh
J :....;
I (Hinh -|- )

tnnh 3 H <to tnnh

144. J : .;
.

145. f ooth w
*/
s
<to =. ;
.
- coth u.

w rf^
lj

u[6. I secli =
tunli w.
/

147. J secli" ( /w r
i
Hech w tanh w -|- .J. gd w.

J '

148. CSCll' rf ::-.:

COtll W.
/I

i4<j.
J Hinh- 1
f/ ;-; M dull 1 - (i 4.
s
u )^.

t50. J COHll- 1 rf r: :: U GO.Hll" 1

W (ff
- i)Jtf.

151.
J tnnh- 1
rf :.,- u tauli" 1
w -I- i log (i
- ?*'

152.
J w siuh' (/^ + i) fliuu-i M m
J.
Qa
153- J cosh-^wrfw!^! 2 - i) coHir-
1
u - (
[(

cosh -
154- (cash w tonh -' (tnnh
'
rt , 3 csch a.
J -I- ) rf :

J-
w. lanh | ).

^ each cosh-i- ( H- )
-. cosh -
Llog lojr J (
)*].

iSS. J (casa-l-coHhiO-^w-acacrt. tan-' (tauh-J-w. tan | -).

JSrt.
J (t -|- CO.H . cash B) 1
f/ ,,, 2 esc rt. tanh-i (tnnh | . tnti J-rt).

157- slnh n cos w

J rf
| (cosh w. cos w
..:
-|- ,sinli HJII
.
w).

158. cosh ?<. cos u du ^ (slnh u, COM

J J. H- cosli w. Bin w),

139- J Hinh M. sin rf ^ $ (coah w, .sin u - sltili K, cos u},

1 60, coHli w. sin

J rf i-, :;;
| (fiinh . in w cosh ( cos w).

ifir.
Jalnli (ww)
,sinh (?/) rf

'
slul1 (ww C08h ww ~"
XX DltFINlTJONH AND FORMULAS.

162,
|
cosh (mie) sinh () du.

r
m sjnh (MK) ,sinh (ma') a cosh (ww) cosh { ww )

nf n'L

r"
163, I cosh (vw) cosh () (/

_ T
-
w, ,sinh (;//w) cosh (//) ^ sinh (//) fosh (w/)
? w L

164, I sinh w tanh n du ~~. sinh //

-
^Y/ //.

COSllH COtll U(tll==COK\l 7/.-|-l()g tiUlll

l
166. I sec ?.! rfK gd~ n.

3 3 -

167. sec tfni<f>= I tan '/)^ </ tfin SI.T

J (i -|- /> .J / 1

/ff
^sinh-i.?..
168.
J-^L J' t(|V
; ,
a

// .
i
r ('US
'

.' (/

i
7o 1^-5. ^ tniih -'----. I .,"" t
'

tuu '

/r (f n

. _
.
.;. UPl>1l
.JVV.I1
1 , 1
I '
1>
In* *'
a~
.
II ^,'\ >/, 3.1
{(i it
y-i (i j n i
.,

if- ,

li'y-i t[

C dn i u r .,. .
( fif j

dn _ i
au-\~b

i i

r
J ''
--

., rt/'-l-/'
 K AND KOKMUI.iVS.

(Tlm rcnl fonu i;i lo he ti

!';,
~

(/;.~rtj!S
,; COlh" 1

V /,
",
.....
ff

-
2 I
t,
,.,'
V '" 1

(a ^jJii'
tftn
V ;;! (^ hc r0[l1 fonu ^ to '!><*
taken,)

/*
. W
'

/* />*"
18 5. I^V//^,:.- ,-.
J o ]<)}; a

"

r
r
L
.......
'

" l
- -"
(n -a) (w"a)(tt
-

'
(lof^rt)
|" ""
--
2) ( 3) "i'7 "T^f J
(88.
'

2 2 3
, I .
3 [
xx S AND KOKMUI,A8.

du
189.

iqo f _J*L_ == _!- fww - log ( + A: .....

19 aw L
J a 4-
<k""'

'
J ^
- log (l/ii' + '"<^""' H- I
7
rt)
J
rf?i g"
__ _
~~ _ *

(7+
/7/ff" ? r^

194

195, I log * rf = U log 7< ,

=u "
197- J (log )" dn (log )"
J 0K )"
'
<*

c \ \
7^"'
'* *
(log w)" w r i\ \
/ W -|- I M I
I ,/

199 .

... ... 3 B

20
J
C du
W= B ( K ' + K "
.

+ (lo^)
'

M I
"
,

'
" fl"K')
3-J I
+
,

20I r_ .^"L ~_
~'
w
'"
h
'
r ^w
T
"o"'lo)
i '
r
<

J lo'' v<:;T
*'l'"J io
ir> "

202i

r n dn
203 .

J
= JC --~
t"~ 9 j
-dy> whcrcj
. /
(w-h

^
204,
./
--^--

-7<!
:
-
log U
y
= log (logh fa \ ).
/

2QC
T_
I
rfW
" .. .
I
'

./ u (log j" ( i)

m
206.
J (a + iw) log u flit ~-
 nKl'INlTIONH AND I'OUMITI.AS. xxiii

2t>7, //'"
li)(V (it \- I'll} tin :

i r c it m !
'
till ~\

/// !
i L "i-MoK(-M'0~*
h \ j
j i

a ^ (ll( j
n flotfCff -\- An) t fit

sow.
J w
M i / bu \
a
i / /// \
.....
lojj/H ......
. . . .

i
l<itf</. , (
rt y ,
\ a /
J
;^
,J
V a /
]

I(>BW "
(/
i r
'
"
1
i
/;(/;/.- i) ( h/'/O'"-' //
(tr. H /"')'" J-

21 -
/' loK w */
:
r
,

%(!*).
, / i , s i
/' lf>k' ^ ("
-
1- /"O
j.rf.
,

J *.|.* "^IOB*. Vi j ( ;
" "
a 1 1 .

*')'(
-I to) lo,; rf > ,
(
','
J /"
t'
y
[
K ..... - ."'
!'
4l i*
..... _ } *'.

r IOK w </"
212 l ly I '
'
'

/ -- ,
rt --etf.u
i

2
K'if- '2}V(a-\- tut) .|-i/rt log (|/rt.f *-h !'')

V <t IWR. ( I (f
I
M - V (i
)"]
,
if f* > o,

/
-3)l' (-l-*/0.|'a !/-' laii"' V" ''''"'' *^i
^f

|(
.
fl>0<

217. Hr
./n
"
!/'// : ;

y
'

w
,

,I'W {<
I

i ',/"" V
! !
'

:-

Hinli
*
U(lU T1
'

i , / .
'
:^. ^ '.
u mull (//) 4w"
xx v
i mtl'INITIONS AND KOKMU1.AS.

221. f^sinh (mn) sinh (w) to :

'
:
at;ih (""0 * a)s
.
Ju
::(), if m If) (liffimillt fl'Olll >/.

222 ' f "cosh 9

(*)''* = ......
f
ff

Hi"U
9
(w")< / ~'< :
;

v-
*
'"
Jo

223. I sinh () rf = o.
,/ 1 TT

7T

cosh (?) rf = o.
XI
""
225.
.7
(
/TT
sinh (;) cosh (/0 rf =
o.

"
226. I
./o
sinh (;) cosh () rfw :.- u.

'

228. -t
loo; ?/ ,
rf = .- ......

12
-

/o i-l-w

/'i
(^ __:/) rf . *H-
7 r ., A .

232.
Jo
-->
.
..........
-.-log- , ,
if A-\- l->(), a-\- i>o,
lo
log ?<! <
-h i

233
3. r
i/fl

/"I \"
/ x

J0
2-^S- ! log
Jo V /

236.

du ** ..
T CH -I-
...
I

(i ^,
"1

if w .

|. I>0 ,

o
238.
 M AND 1'OKMUI.A.S.

G. ......
]A)UM(M,Att I'OK TUIC SOLUTION OK 1'jiUUMO-Sl'inCHICAl, TuiAN('.I,HS.

tt,- -A'/),1 /// Triangles.

col //
(<r) sinli a.

cot //
(/.-)
sinh c

cos //
(<*) tanh h
COS j'/ ,. f ,
'

. .
'

cos //
(<) tiuih /;

sin // ... ,

COS -'/ :
.
,, , . HU1//COHH rt.
sin /'
()
col //(/;) sinli l>

COt ,'/ :
. ,
"- .
-

COM //
((*)
tanli a

oi),s//f<0 lunh a
COS //: :
..
,
.
- , ,
coil //
(c) tiinii t:

,'iln .'/ . . .

cos Ji
,.
. .. ,. - sin si cosh ,

sin //
(/')

.
., col//(/0 fiinh //

win //?: , ,, , ,
;
-
,

cot //
(c) wnli *?

t;ot
,
^,,
rot// 00 sinh
:

o ;

tauh /;/"
:

/< ", i
i:o.s // (/jj

Ian A tun /' :

.sin // (/) : =
sin II
00 sin //
(*).
T. :
Ki!t;li /;; J
sc-cll c/ SCCll (0,

iyiti!
7 r/Vr //.j,'
//.'.v.

Tho }-;<!
t - 1 '' l l iX'lntionH urc :

cosh a cosh ^ cosh /: sinh /' sinli c cos //,

sin .-/ sinh /> '

sin ,// .sinli <i t

with sinh /' cosh /M:OS t,*-|~Hln f.'cot //.

cos .-/
- -
cos n cos r -I- sin A' ,*iin Tcosh a,

lutrli tiolvus DHJ six typical CIISUN in tin; following inaniUM':

CAHJC r.
.....
(liven , /', r. Put a/ :
a } b -\- c, Then,

sinh / -siiili (/' -a)

Tlu; conditions arc // -.: A -I- c : /;<.ff ! c: and rO -|- /'.

CAHIC 2. ..... (fivcii n, /', A. Draw the f^odctic lino ^y^Kirpendicnliii' lo /I//.

8111
^,;.^; -':! ; cot-J-Ooj ami tnnh .J <r> o.
 H AN1> 1'<>KKW,AH.

= sinh
-
b .sin A
sin /? .....
.
,
KllllUf

,
tan ,!(//
........ /.')sinh H,/ -M)

CASE 3. Given a, 6, C 2 A --- n (// -|- /,'

CASB4. Given ^ //, c. -|- //.:>

(
A
ml />/?<" 7V.V,'. TluMiiiKlt' />
is the angle between the
geodetic J}J1 drawn itorpoiuliciilur to .7r/ ami
geodetic j5ff drawn parallel to AC,

(/><)
CASK 5'Giveu ^, /y, fll rt > c'/; and // ^- /y .- ffl

Solve the two right trimigles formed

hy the nwxIuUc line CD drawn tier
pencliciilnr to AIL
CASH 6. Given /J, yy, C. yy -|- yv -|- C< "-

'sin (A -I- yy; ,sin (A -|> (,')

H. FOKMUUB i*OH Tint vSuumcw OK Tine

If a cubic equation is
given in the form

it cau be reduced by the substitution S - ., - A t() llie

ttiinp , er f()rm
AJ -H /.r -I- ,; ,,;(,.

from Ue. Iiwmleim IVmchenbuch dci-

liailo/BcrH,., iKUi e.miii.
 DEFINITIONS AND FORMULAS. XXVU

CASE i . When x* -\-px .

q o; p and q positive. Compute the auxiliary
variable u from smb. -T-^T^rvl tnen tlie roots are
\P (liPY*
x l
^ Q.V \p sinh \ u.

x^ I/ ,|/ sinli \u *\-i\/ p cosh -|-

w.

#a i/ l^ sinh ^u ii/ p cosh | ?<;.

CASE 2. When .r
1

px ^7
= 0;^ and (7 positive, (i ^)
a
< Ci ?)' Com-
i

pute u from cosh ?^ . .^, .x V

A i
then tlie roots are

v
= -i- 2 V \P cosh ?f.

=: |/ cosh 7; +?'!/ sinh

AT,
= I/' \p cosh ^ ?i i Vp sinh | ^^.

CASE 3. When ^ a
px g = o; jt>
and <? positive. (/)" >(i y)
a
. Com-

pute the angle u from cos u = -TT-^iTvBJ4 '

tlien the roots are

COS

JT,
= =F 2 I/ ^ COS (^ tt -f 120).
^ = =F2 I/i> COS(i + 240).

CASE 4. Wheujt8 px&g = o; ^ and <? positive,

For applications of hyperbolic and circular functions to the solution of the

cubic whose coefficients are general (i. e., real or complex), see a brief paper
by Mr. W. B. Lambert in American Mathematical Monthly for April, 1906.
 GEOMETRICAL ILLUSTRATIONS OF KYPKRBOUC
FUNCTIONS.
The algebraic relationship of the hyperbolic functions to the circular func-
tions has been discussed in the section on definitions and formulas. A Haw
relationship also exists between the elliptic functions and the hyperbolic
functions. Thus it may be shown that the elliptic integral of the first kind,

c <'</'

J l/i /!
/J
sm v

iu which k is the modulus and

the amplitude, reduces to t>'</ </
when ;
'
'

k~ i. The elliptic functions thus degenerate into the hyperbolic functions

when the modulus is equal to unity. case in point in the Hasticti, UK: A
equation of which takes the form of an elliptic integral, excepting when Liu;

modulus is unity. It then reduces to the two equations

"
u 2 tanh / ----.-
a cosh

which is a syntractrlx described by the free end of a roil whose middle, point
1
traces out the tractory,

Ligowski gives the following easy geometrical method of doinoMMlrutiiitf

the relations between the hyperbolic and circular functions. f,et lluu:<|ii;Uion
of the circle of unit radius be

and call the arc of this circle from the positive x axis to tho point .r, iv
Then, of course, the circle may
y In: ivpro
sented by the two equations
-T fl
COS ite
,', }':: Hill II f ,

Now, the area of the circular sector, whoso

chord is 2j' c , Is -

fll MO UmL.v ft mill

jj' fl may be regarded as the cosine and niim of

a .sector The .
ellipse may liu (U-rivt.'d
from the unit circle by multiplying tin- or-
dinates Hence,y bythe Hlipsc, tint
6 //. in
area of the .sector Knblcndcd by the ulioitl
FIG. 4,
2 }> is, say, ami it a .
j>n t .

"If in these equations m is substituted for 2 they rcproscnt

iiuy iiynlniulrix. The twn
equations, withthia substitution, can be combined tu the following ;

~- 1
JjfW -1-') ;J'"
'
" " ^ :I
fl'/W* !
"t$M f >

showing that the curve I 9 traced by n point on n circle of nullus am whose c'cnlcr |.
In t

motion. It la noteworthy that if iu this

equation the hypcrlwllu KW\W it i-cplan-.i l,y i

a circular aector
0, the new equation represents n prolate or a uurtnlu
cyt'loi.l or lieucr
the syucycloid. Thua the
ayntractrix nmy be considcrctl as u ayncycloM with .in lulinil
period,
xxvlil
 CJKOMJtTllICAT, ILUJSTUATIONS. XXIX

Thus
'"e
COS U 6 COM ">
-
--
.
A'e

so that for the ellipse,

r' a
T- -!-#..
I
/.'-I
--I*

it t .
w
- , "
:
<* SIU
^^r^COS-^- J jj'.i
^
The equation *
,...i ,..a
.V y ti

niul if w Is the area of the hyperbolic

represents nn equilateral hyperbola,
sectorwhose chord is iy> then then: can be no objection to writing
# !=: cosh / y~~Hinli,

where cosh and sinh are functions whose jmtnre is still, to be determined.
The most evident relation is
1
cosh' n (dull n -- 1 .

'

Now if / -~- V "i, the hyperbola may be written

which an ellipse whose major axis is unity and whose minor axis is
is i,

it appears at once that

Comparing this with the ellipse discussed above,
xs eosh u - eos -;-.->

y -- sinh n -" / sin .'-

'i

or, in an equivalent form,

cosh u '-- cos hi ; sinh w i sin /,
cosh in *-- cos w , sinh w --: /; sin u.

The investigation of cosh n and sinh can be completed in various ways ;

for example, by writing out the series for cos iu and i sin fu and
showing
sum or difference is c '"'.
that their
The geometrical properties of the hyperbolic functions themselves are com-

monly discussed in reference to the equilateral hyperbola. They could also

be derived from the geometry of the ellipse without reference lo the hyper-
bola but a more perspicuous method seems to be to study thu relations of
;

these functions to both curves at the same time.

In any ellipse,

'See Hull, Gcol, Sod Am., vol. a, 1891, ]>. 49, and Am. Jour, Sol,, vol. <|6, 1893, p, 337.
 XXX GBOMKTRICM, IM.USTKATIONS.

be chosen as the unit area, so that

tin- equation of the
the area a nmy
curve becomes
u r -L y\
~ :

a of ellipse.'; is obLiim-d
By varying the value of a in this equation family
in be axes
each of area v, all with the same center and all with axes lyiny;
I

of coordinates. The envelope of this system of curves is Hie hypi-rliolu

xy =|, and this may be conceived ns generated 1>y tlu: motion ui u sin^e.

point. The coordinates of the point /' at which the hyperbola is lanj'.i'iit

to the ellipse, are

2 a

and the coordinates of the point c at which the hyperbola is lan(-;unt lo the

unit circle, are

x ^y = V 2

"^V

lt.~~.....#

no. 5.

If the hyperbola is conceived ns generated by the point c in moving from

its original position to P (or as a (( line of How "), its rwUiw vector
l
wwucpa
over au hyperbolic sector ocPv If this nrca is called
-"-, then by <t well-
known formula,
d***xd-dx
 (JKOIMKTUICAr, lU.IJSTHA'riONH. XXXI

and because ay -----

J,

Since no integration constant is required,

-')' '
-- -
i log -- log- ii* or a ---
e",
J

The area w is the sector /*, </!,, where the coordinates of /',,
are x s y lt

and j'a
;

-M;,. It is noteworthy Unit two other areas, ///', /' /y and CD/^
(/',,, have this same value, for evidently
/'J /'VJ

) j' /v =
-
.r dy -
log u tra //.
J

The length of the chord /', / Ja is

and half of this, or J\ a }

is the hyperbolic sine which may evidently be put
in the form

Since the curve J\ ct\ is an hyperbola,

and therefore

oa ]/ 1 siiiii' u -- L.'._. --a cosh .

The iliiunetera connecting the points of intersection of the unit circle and
the ellipse whose axes are and a may be called the isoeyclic diameters
1
,

of the ellipse, because the circle and the ellipse have the same area, These
diameters are not conjugate. If the ellipse is conceived as the section on
the greatest nnd least axes ol an ellipsoid of unit volume, the
isoeyclic
diameters are the traces of the circular sections of the
ellipsoid. The coordi-
nates of one of thu points of intersection, say 7i', arc

and therefore the anglo v, which the vector 07? makes with the major axis of
the. ellipse, is given by the relation

I (111 |'r;.::<t"'l xss (?

",
and it follows that

tan
( Y a IM -
1- (cot v tan v)
^ sinh n,
his angle ac is gd n or the gudermannlan of n so that in any
^1 t t
 XXXli GKOMKTUICAI, IM.USTKATIONS.

line parallel In our isncvrlic diameter

ellipse whatever the an^'le made by iiny
11! In;
with a perpendicular on the oilier iHocydiiMliamtiU-r is thrj^iflrrniuiiiihni
I

'" I' ""!"'

1 '
ll1 1 '
natural logarithm of the semi-major axis, LhislieiiiKeJtptv.'isal
uf tin- prnd
isocyclic radius, wliieh in the general ease is tlic square root
In the diagram the K-iiderinanniaM f>(\ in shmvn .is
1
tictof the semiaxes.
bisected by the axis of the hyperbola, ami it is worth muarl;iiij>. th.il ii Ihc
llu- major jixi-i ami
ellipse were to be distorted into a circle )>y compressinj'.
elongating the minor axis, the line ob would IK: hioiij-hl
''" cnmeiilrmv
with o& lt so that gd n can be defined as the an^le lhnni);-|i which an ism- \vlir.
diameter has swept when the ellipse has been derived from a citric by imi-
tational plane strain,

The angle 45 H-
-
which occurs in the formula for meridional parlit

is the angle made by cither isocyclic diameler of the ellip.M' witli Ihc minor
axis, and the tangent of this atifflo is ihc scini-majoi' axis M.
The twofold relations of the hyperbolic fiiuolions lo the hypriliHl.i aiul
the ellipse are illustrated in a somewhat different nmiiiUT in li^nic r( .

Here the curve/, <?/ a is an arc of an byitcrbolaj''' -.t J i. II' tin- iiiru

of the seetor P/J, c p t is called //, a /, -sinli // and int cnsli H. MaUc
bc=p^ a. and draw the associated ellipse shown in HIM diuj-.iain. Then Llir

angle bocgdni bo :-~ cosh u and

tan gdii :sinb u

-

see ,(,'/('// r ;
cosh ii

Hil\ g'tt II : .:
tailll //,

The ellipse has corresponding properties. Sinco Die Kitih-nnannitin i-i llu:
angle between either isocyclic diiuneUsr anil a liiii: ptirpciulicului' litilm ulltcr,
the line ob may be regarded as coinciding will) one dimiirlci iiinl Hit- isonyc.lic
axis of abscissas with the other. The major axis of tin; dlipsp then M'irrt;.

'The Isocyclic dJnmcler used in thta lltuHlntlioti of

hypi-rliutlc ruiicllmni lirti in (I..-
clrculnr section of ti alicur
ellipsoid, or u ullipKoid in wlticli Hit; iiu-itii i.'J-, |-, tl mr.m
proportioiidl bclwceii the Brcnlusl and fount HXC.H. The |>imili<m t,f tin- ritrnlttr j)nii..n
of the general ellipsoid is nlo rendlly
cxpresHwl in tttrniH of hy|Tln.Hi: {iiiu'li.iii-.. I,i-t
the equation of the ellipsoid be

If -Bscosh HI, and = cosh a,

the angle y which the clrcnlnr section limited with the KrcnU-Ht nxtn is j;iv<'ii
l.y

If n, =* n t ami = this expression retluccn lo tnn a -', r I,, Uie MV of lh

shear ellipsoid,
 IT.UJKTKATIONH. XXXlU

the angle yo" -

ffdu, its magnitude is 2 /", and the equation of the ellipse is

.V -|- 4 .vi' \.\\\\ }>d a )/' (4 tiin'^'Y/ -|- i)

-:-. i.

l!y varying the value of tan ffd it

(or sinh ) u .syntuiu of ellipses i,s obtained
whoso iMivdopus arc y :i. :
i, so that ii'
any out- of the ellipses is .supposed
to1m derived from Lite drdu by dfatorlimi, the process is Unit Keiiorally
known as " sliearinj. ;
1
motion or sei.ssion."
If the points in the cirdo are sought which correspond to the points on the

'
us. d.

major axin of the ellipsoid, it will lit: found that the angle between the two
positions (the angle of rotation) is equal to the gudernmnnltm.
1

If instead of the horizontal, the vertical linu in

figure 6 hud been taken us
coinciding with the isooydii: diameter of thucllip.se, the remilt would have
been the discovery of a nyslem of ellipses whose envelopes arc,v^ i:
i, ;

similar in all respects excepting orientation to that discussed.

1
Luvo'o TruiitiRu on the Theory of Klaflllelty, vol. i, p. 43,
 METHODS OF INTERPOLATION.

not easy to describe the use of the tables which follow

without Home
It is

notes on the methods of Interpolation with

reference to which they im-
In all of them the argument advances by equal inm-menls.
uiurli
arranged.
It is required to Ami n value of Hie function
/-'iulmiK:-
equal, say, to <o.
diate betweentwo tabulated values, and J>\ corresponding to u fmclioiml
7-; t

tow, where n is always less than unity, tintl

value of the argument or
preferably less than
one-half.

Let/s, be the value of the function to be determined ; let/'\i and A ,y lie

values
tabulated values of 7? immediately preceding A>- imtl It!t /f ll11
''I- i

other first
immediately following /v Denote; 7-; l'\ by dilTt!i<-mvH(A')
ff ,
t

If also**,- />
-^,,
r

'/peU:.. Liu- whole

being -similarly represented, ff, /',

system of functions and differences is shown iu the following sdieduKj :'

The most familiar formula of interpolation in due to Newton, ami In the

above notation it may be written thus:

(" 2)

notation nntl general outline of Ireatincnt liru proscnletl

vilely ftilltiw Mr.
Herbert Iv Rice's trcnLlse, Theory nnd Practice of
,
Tlw Nlcliuht
Interpolation, iKyy.
Press, I/ynu, Massacliuaetta.

xxxiv
 s OF INTHUI'OT.ATION. XXXV
The coefficients are those of the binomial theorem. This formula is appli-
cable to lliu first intervals of n series, which is not the wise
with any other
mode of interpolation. It may nlso he adapted to tlie last intervals by sub-
stituting//, For it ami a', //, //', <{", . . ,
for,,,, /,,, Cyi f /a ..... jii systematic
interpolation, sucb as is involved in the construction of tables, it isnsmil to
employ the more rapidly converging formnluK of Stirling or .Hessel; but when
a computing machine and a tublti of products are available it is
sometimes
less laborious to compute an extra term of Newton's formula
than to cuku-
late and apply the mean differences called for
by the other methods. Iloth
Stirling's and Vessel's formulas can be derived from Newton's
by known
relations between the several differences.
In Stirling's formula the mean of the first differences next
preceding and
following 7'; is made use of instead of only the latter, us in Newton's formula,
The third differences are similarly treated, so that
a,, rol etc., being new
quantities, are defined by

These mean values are used in conjunction with tins even differences on the
same horizontal line with in the schedule, and
./-;,
vStirling'.s formuln in

i
ii

To interpolate backward it is only needful to substitute for n -

In DcHscl'a formula use is made of mean differences

of the even orders nnd
if b d, etc., are
t these means they are defined in terms of the scheduled differ-
enccs, thus :

4:K a
.....
/,.
<>,'
<-l-rf, '
,

--d, etc. ,

They are used in conjunction with the simple odd differences Ctt elc '' and
the formula Is

^-y.;- r l- .?'.^7 .^.,

I

I
.
.c ; 00/-4)
''
,
(.). o (w
............
......
n (w .
..........2)
21 31
'

rf
4 I

,,
(
......
4- (M r) (w 2) ( |)
""''^ ----
'
1

5!
When ^|, or for interpolation to the middle of an interval, the co-
efficient of vanishes and
,, .-/.; ,/-;, \
independent of third differences, which
is clearly a great fidvantage. In general this method is very advantageous
when H nppronchcs one-half, while Mtirling's formula is preferred for w.mll
values of . ;
 XXXV1 MKTIIOHS 01.' INTKKJ'OI.ATION.

When Bessel's formula is used for backward inU'rnoInf ion il nmv In-
written

n being taken as
positive.
A distinct method of interpolation is founded dmrtly mmi. Tnvlor's
theorem. If/r' /-;,", ctc ., are the successive
d,rira.iv,s of /-', and i. ,| u , .

constant increment of the a r K ii,ont this fnndamcntal

t
th.u.vn, n.av b,'
written

and this becomes an

interpolation formula wlum t1 lu deriv:,!,',-,., ,,. ,. x
pressed ,n terms of the differences. Tins is readily
degree of exactness whenever the differences
....... ,d ,o ,u, ,,,,
become rl ); oro,,' Iv ,,r ,,!,.
eoustant a some particular order ,,nd
the tabular I,,,,,! i., small
to the penod of the rclaUvr
function. To find the numeriad ,,,,, .
,, r ,, , .

yra eX " )S " " f " f '"'"-

C """
teno.
known
be for, re n rra !
'

K ,n K the tern,, of the formula of H,,,,|

1 -
l
'

,,,,d .SUHJ,'
occordiug to
ascending powers of ami compariu K
,,.
coeliiciems,
( "" Xl] -

^
Newton, formula g ives for ,, near the M ,
llllll)f ,, f tllo ,, ,, f
 MltTlIOOS Olf INTICKI'OT.ATION. XXXV11

and for arguments near the end of tlie .series of tnlwlnr values,

/;"-- ,>" -Hi T -hi /" ~i- . .

.)

77"
/' -
. -

The
differences of the derivntives
may of course bo found and discussed
111the .same manner us those of
any other function, and the holier deriva-
tives, A,", A,'", can 1,o expressed in forms of Lho
. .

differences of /;,'.
lo distnigmsh the differences of F' from those of
l'\ they .nay he denoted
by Greek letters, and the notation is exhibited iu the
" following scheme :

A'

'

s forimill .
PW-xxxvi, the successive derivatives
inclusive
otf filth clmermico.s are now

^" - -

i- (s- *rJ; /;'" (ft

-A /- J J.
^,
.
;
Cyu); y^
and the interpolation formula
nmy he wriitcu

,
5
or, neglecting fifth diiTerenccH,

and for backward

interpolation
 xxx viit Millions OP INTKKIOI,AYHW.

In the
tables which follow, the first derivatives
multiplied hy im- tubu- .

lated in units of the last decimal

place of the tabulated fuiuHim, (rxrepl
lable VII), and the
remaining quantities required in the computation can
be found by mere The higher order of differences will In- mrdrd
inspection.
only for a very few arguments at the
beginning or end of those tabular
values whose numerical
magnitudes approach o or Kor the reniaiimir .

arguments it will be found that the

,',, p !U l of the second dilferemv of /'
is not
great enough to influence the result, and it is therefore
suflicient to us,:

T? -- /' f i-i M
J' -n /' ?/ (u (/-
--- -

"
2

aa being the mean first difference of /-"

corresponding to /-;, This formula
is
rigorous when third differences are xcro. " n
In most cases can he found
^

mentally,

value of
md sillcc

/?', ,,o
fa, +
.

confusion cm, nrisc as to the s ,,

/)
fa ,,. t(J |)e ^^ ^ m| i,^^^,^^,

becomes n most
K i ,,f t | lu conwti,,,,, U lhlls
,, e
nsy to include in the
convement rule , S :
,

c,,m,,mll,m
Find by linear interpolation the value
,,s . ,,,,,it it A
/.- ,, ,.;.,,
the interval
(i), multiply t l lis
interpolated value by the entire hum,,! ()
and apply the pro du ct to lh ,
tnbuln vnll)c <)f thu ,.

o ne gntlv e ly n .....
' "
or(Iillg
, thc j,,,,^.^ h ,
-

,- ,,o, ;

w
; 7.47712 ; /-;' ,
Wi7 .
ffl
H()
, ,
/|H)3p

.......
""-
7-o.2 x 4 ,3- 1438,0;

* * *** -b-tar value f lho

A, = 1438,0 x 0.4 -|- 7.47712 .......

7 .,|S 2 8 7 .

The corresponding difference formula

(liessel's) is
 MICTIIODH OK INTERPOLATION.
KXX1X
same order of decimal as the function. I,, the case of linear
interpolation
however, it is in general more accurate to use the
differences, the maviimnn
error of the difference formula
being one-half of -u unit and that of the de-
rivative formula three-fourths of a unit in the next
succeeding decimal place
1 he accuracy of the two formulas is the sutne when the next succeeding
decimal of the derivative is tabulated. The error of
the derivative formula
is then Minply the error of the tabular
value, while the error of the difference
formula may be or >
than that of the tabular
,
<
value, but 1 H never ,r,vatr
than one-half of n unit.
Interpolation formulas which are applicable
only to a single function are
rarely advantageous, because as much time is often consumed in
looking them
up as is saved by employing them but some formulas
applicable to hyper-;

bolic funetums are HO simple that when once

suggested they can hardly be
forgotten. I hus, Taylor's theorem
gives at once

cosh (u -f ,/
)
- cosh n H - sinh n -f -"'
"

cosh -f
?"
sinh -(-...,
and the form for the sine is of course similar.
Again, when, as here the
cosine is tabulated with an argument in terms of
radians,
cos (u -|- n u) cos n ^ w H in CO s u -|-
""
^ sin it
H-
.^''.
the series for the sine
being similar.
vSo, too,

logo (ft "|- ) log. r -; lot]

nm _ n*
""n"" * ",

Simplest of all i.s the exponential,

,.
''"
.' '' '

(f).

(+O.OOI+O.OCK,,<K)0
. .
.,=
.,'.|.
1 . .
.),
C- ^

series in may bo replaced by /,, and this may mvQ any

]
finite
ilno is

I-rom tituo to time invorse

interpolation by a method more accurate thnt.

method ordinarily pursued such canes

in is to estimate two value n^t n,
 Xl MliTIIOlXS OK INTHKrni.ATION.

Another method consists in interpolating values of the funetinii mid its deriv-
atives for an approximate value of the required interval uiul then eonipnliii}.>;
a correction to this approximate value by menus of a reversed Taylor's series,"
If .second differences only are to be taken into account, the usual method
of procedure is to estimate an approximate value of //, say //', anil with Mils
estimated value we interpolate linearly as before and find the value of <" /'>
'

\
Then the required
(//' J. (

interval () is equal to the difference between the given value and I he nearest
tabular of the function divided by </v. This method i;i in fact simply the
reverse of the one for direct interpolation.
recomputaliou A is of course
if the values of n and n' are not As an
necessary practically the same. illus-
tration, find u when Iog 10 sinh u y.^KjHy. We first compute
'_
" 7-427 " 7-477 '2
" 1 '

i.|4,o
then the value of *
/v in terms of the last tubular unit is found us before
~
"a

by linear interpolation to be 1-1.38,0. Hence

7. '-
48287 --7.47712

Since the estimated and computed values of the interval

a^ree, there is no
need of a recomputation.
The methods which are based upon an estimated value of tin?
argument
nre unsystematic and clumsy. It is much better to us.; u formula \vliieh
gives the required result by a direct and rigorous method. To find such a
formula, divide Taylor's series (eq, ) by /;', and put </.

i
w iJa~ '' "
''^'~'"" A /*
' ''

yr/ 3 ,7^ 6 ,'>''

u 2
t
,
J.'f'
a
-.
*\ "*> u ,'/."
'
g
'

then the interpolation formula be written

may

Reversing this scries in accordance with the relation, 3

Theory flnd Practice of

Inlerpolnllon, section 83.
'
rcim " lbe
 METHODS OF INTERPOLATION. xl

which is the reversed series of

y=a x a -j- a^ x* -\~ a s x* -j- a 3 x* + ,

x 6
;

1
and rearranging the terms,
= + ;i
1 l [,/, + a C,/,)'S Ci/.)' +14 (,/a) + 4
- -
]

+ ,' [!/, (-1+5 (,/,) 21 <,/,) + )] . .

[,/, (1+6 ,/ + 3 (,/,/ + -..]

+
.......
3
i a)

+ ,
4
[~ I/ + 6
- -
-] 00-
In the actual computation it is convenient to put
_
2
n
>
\
'

'
then, when successive values of a> J?n are tabulated in units of the last decimal
place, and Stirling's coefficients are used,

$1-
1
f4
*/
^=: -s^e
li y to *v
/O "?2
I
/
/ 6
* '

-n-
00 /C- T* O> o0* i

The formula is rigorous inclusive of fifth differences, and does not

require
the computation of au approximate value of n. It is applicable to any func-
tion or series of tabulated values whose succe.ssive derivatives become evanes-
cent. It is particularly convenient when differences higher than the necoiul
are neglected. The formula then becomes

Since r wo, is a very small quantity, the

higher powers are seldom needed, and,
should they be required, are easily taken into account. As an example, let
itbe required to find n when log sinh K
w 7.48287. We compute =
n '
~ 7-4 82 87 7.4771^ _ '
4
1447.7
=
>*' ^ 2 _ aOOOIi
r "' 0.40
x r4 47,7-
aud
t
no = 0.40 x o.oooi x
aa
( 48,3) = o.oo.
Hence ?* = = 0.40
?;, and u = 0.00304, the same as obtained by the other
method.
When Fn = e\ it is easily shown, either by means of series (rf) or by inde-
pendent methods, that

?*=+! o.oos 1
a
+ o.oo
6.0005 Hl + (
,

=80.00,)
-
+
These formulae afford an easy means of
finding the natural logarithm of n
1 "
Inverse Interpolation
See, also, by Means of a Reversed ^\
 Xlii METHODS OP INT1CKI'OI.A'1'ION.

number from the tabular values of <?*". Thus, to find tin; natural logarithm
of 0.9642102, we compute
0.0^42 1(
^64^4^ :(>4.KH7,

Substituting in the last of the above equations

=0.44587 0.0005 X (O..|5)'-': :<)..|.J577,

hence nat log of 0.9642102 ~ 0.0364458.

One of the most important applications of differences is the dctirlitm of
errors in values tabulated at equal intervals of the argument. It may be

shown by substitution in the schedule of differences (page xxxiv) llml uu

error, -J- e, in /J produces errors in tlie successive differences of any order

which are multiples of c, the law of distribution of the iniilliph'M being tbat
of the corresponding coefficients of tlic binomial theorem, and Uie signH of
the errors being alternately positive and negative, Since HOIIKI order of dif-
ferences of every continuous function must vanish, Hits presence of an error
in a tabular value must ultimately result in producing mieressive difference, * 1

of a certain order which alternate in sign. A comparison of thttue difhircnceH

with the corresponding binomial coefficients enables one to estimate the
mag-
nitude of the error. Thus In the series which follows ;

J toe value The

r i. *t
4915. corrections' a, +, - ia 4-,s , a nn
phedtohefourthcMerencescausestlm.utovnni^
 DESCRIPTION OF

Table I is devoted to
5-plaeu values of the logarithmic hyperbolic .sine,
tslne, tangent, and cotangent of w expressed in radians. The argument
advances by ten-thousandths from o to o. i, by thousandths from u.i to
o,and by hnndrodths from 3.0 lo fi.o. In this as iti nil the tables
(except
ible VII), instead of the first dilterences, the first derivatives of the
fsine-
multiplied by the tabular interval (<) nro tabulated in units of Hie hint
IIK

cimtil place, under the heading "/;'. As noted above, this

agrees with
noli ofthe most authoritative modern practice und facilitates
interpolation.
did not appear worth while to extend the tabulation of the table
beyond
cradians, because higher values are seldom needed but in Table IV ti few ;

vy high values of c " are given, from whieli in cane of need the hy pur-
'

lie functions can be found,

In Table II the natural values of the hyperbolic functions are tabulated
: the same arguments us in Table t. In some instances the values are
.'ento one or to two places of decimals more limn would be
obtained by
dug the inverse logarithms of the, preceding table.
Table IT! gives win n -- --/ slnh fit and cos u- cosh fit with their
loga-
huiH to 5 decimal places, the argument n being
expressed in radians,
o tabulation extends from n o.oooo to o.iooo, and from n -o.ioo to
:--.:
;.

oo, because yo" :. :

1.570 71X13 radians; KO that, this value of -".being

ue in mind, the table affords the means of finding the sine or cosine of
any
expressed In radians.
iidependeutly of hyperbolic functions, Ibis table is often convenient It
> facilitates the computation of the
principal hyporboh'c funetionn of
iplex variables. Thus
Sluh (//
:'t
/V) - -
Hinh tf COM V :': f COSll Hill V,

cosli (n :i=
hi)
-
--.
eosli u cos v i; r slnh u sin v t

to compute either
of these functions it Is only needful to take out two
itlatedlogarithms from Table III, two from Table I, mnke two addition^
look out two antllognrltliniH. It is of coui'sc conceivable that all tho
r quantities Involved should be tabulated once for all
but even if n and ;

Ivauced only by hundredtli.s, such a table would

occupy 200 pages. To
from It functions correspond ing to n and v expressed in thousandths
ild require three interpolationsa process quite IIH laborious m the use
be tables here given.
pace which would otherwise bo vacant is uUltaed to givo Hie nngulnr
ICB of the radian argument), or 1
a table of conversion of radians from
 DKSCIUI'TION 01'' TA Ml. I-S.
X JJ V
i.(.n inl. .UT.m-s. minutr-;, sroiuds,
o.oooo to o.iooo and from o.iou to
and hnndredths of a second.
"
<" and to y 'Irrmml plii.vs f i..m
Table IV Rives the values of lo)-;,,,'"'
,-
,

"
The values ol :md r .-ui.-r
= o.ooo to 1000 and from ,v><> to6.no.
:
,"<

into a vast number of equations representing natur.d

phenmnciiH, .-ii-r.-i.-illy

tho.se (as Cournot remarked) which can

be classed under the r.,-neii.- .lennm-
of absorption or gradual extinction.
The u-.een.lmt;
inatiou of phenomena
either as
and descending exponentials may be reganled nl will hvp-ilmlie.
(unctions, since
functions or as independent components of liyperliulic

f -" 1
::.: C.OSll '- fiitlll H

while, on the other hand,

," f " ,
*" !
''
"
.

sinh -- ............ J cosh //

'

"
It is further evident that a tubk: of/? in lablr of naluiul uiitilii|viiitlnti<i.
1

Formula e on paRG xli affords an easy niram; of obtaininj', tin- nutuutl l"f.a-

rithm of a number from the tabular values of f ". U iiinf i-mii-.f uum-cr-i- '

-
stiry to give the derivative of <:", since HUM i:: f", while tin- <lriivitii\v , i>i

e ~". In general the interpolation or cxtrapnlitlinn <>f ihc I'liifiimi i<i

ll
Tin- loKaiiihtn ul' r i-. n<>i j.jvi-n
very easy. (See formulae, pagexxxix).
because, being merely the arithmetical complement of tin- In^,, f, ii can
be read off as fast as it etui liu written down,
H
In any table of log lo C wliero tin.! interval of if is <

successive logarithms i.s constant mid cijnal tn Inn,,,*-

If the logarithm of t'"* "" is required, this will IK:

1

(n-l-nia) lotf,,,* lojr,,,

c" -I ;/" loj-,,, **.

Hence it is practicable to prepariMin (-'xtfiidcd lablcol" pitipuilionul juiil-; fir

a table of n log ]0 c whieli is applicable to any table nl' lnj;,,, ,-' \\l\\-\\ ilu- tiili-
ulated values are multiplied by <", Hueh an auxiliary lulilt- i;i >',m u nl \\w

close of Table IV, in which the argument varic.'i from ii.mm in i

!./,.,, If

is unity, this is merely a 5- pi ace table, of Idg,,, r" , If, tm tin- other Ituml,
m o.ooi, as in the earlier part of Table IV, the auxiliary
is uMr j-ivr-* llie
increments corresponding to u to H places of drrimiiltt. "' n
Tim?!, if IMJ-,,.'""
is required, Table IV gives log,,, t^" 11
.

MUi^r/o, the atixiliaiy tuhlr ^ivcs

for = 0.245, n log lfl

(,'
=;
M>.r(K"),|o; mid since '
n.nm, w lo

0.00010640, which added to

A "" H r""
1 "
'

|J'
log,,. ' , Ktves log,,,
.

(iji;iH,^',
the latter portion of Table IV <" is only o.oi so tlnU, if tile
; luK,,'
""
wanted, the main table gives fogr i.^trJSrt.vi, and
1
;
<
tinu-i n
0.0010640; so that the required number is
 DKSCKU'TIUN OF TAHT.HK, x lv

When loff, c" is require.! for it.

>
(i.oo the
auxiliary tabk: is insufficient to
give 7-plncc values. Then the main table, IV, uuiy be uswt as an
auxiliary
table. Thus

; :

4-77?33<J3 'l-o.o.VMS'LV .4. Hi 55636.

In the second part of Table

IV values of c " and the logarithms of << are '

given, u from The logarithms are given t it, decimals

T to KM..
varying ;

the other functions to y .signilieant figures. Such high values nre seldom'
needed, but are Included here lest these tables might some n,,,^ f a i| t lt! ]

computer.
Table V giveH the natural logarithms of numbers from
i to moo with
their derivatives to 5 places of decimals. These derivatives are merely the

reciprocal* of the arguments, and since log,

(A); =-1.^.1', the logarithms
of the derivative nre the tabulated
logarithms taken mrntivcly The
table thus gives, in addition to the
logarithms of IO,H> w ]i n lu number, the
logarithms of 1000 proper fractions lying between 0,001 and
unity.
The interpolation of natural logarithms is much less
.simple than IH that
of common logarithms, and tins is the main
a-ason why the latter are
pre-
ferred for computation. A
few simple rules, however, facilitate the
needful
calculations. When the natural logarithm of a vulgar fraction i,s
required
it is best to look out the
logarithm of both mumirator and denominator and
subtract. If the natural logarithm is R'
() nired of a fractional number
stated
decimally and less than si.ooo, no attempt should he made to
inUM-polate it
directly, because the third din'crenmi of the table cannot lt
iur!wU'<l for
numbers so near the beginning of the table. If the
number between Hw
10.000 and 21.000, as, for
example, KI-^.S, it sh.mld l,u written IIM.IS/JO
and the required logarithm will be ,mt
log a V4S - nat log .>. ,
s H ufc to
. U i

Interpolate the first of these between nat log

formula for .second differences.
123 and nat l t-,,,, usiiur the v
If the number whose
logarithm Is to be
found lies between r and ,o, IIH, for
example, H. 2( ,,(iH, it should be written
824.68/100, HO that the required quantity is nat
log H 2 .,6S nat loir 100 ,
(

Iho first of these logarithms can 1, found

by using only the mcau firsi
diflTerences or the tabulated dorivatives
between the lo K aritlnn.sof B and .i

825. Lor values of the argument between 21 ami

158 interpolation requires
the use of second
differences, while ahuve r 5 average llrst dllTercMu-es or
the first derivative is
m.niciently accurate, iaasmueh as Lhu error involved is
less than half a unit in the fifth duoinml
place.
It would be possible to interpolate the
negative logarithms of the smaller
fraction, given by the derivatives, .that from the reciprocal of r
the end of he table, or for numbers between
i,,
w to
o.nofiaB and o.ooioo^but this

Tint
values. "^^"^".^"W
If the natural
logarithm
thiso reciprocal, are themselves
of 0,0068352 Is wanted as
rounded
accurately na
 01-' YAlirjtH.
xlvi DBSCRIP'l'ION

the tables will give it, it is best to

find the logarithm of <*.,..
nn.l In sub- v
(*See also
formula ,,,.>,- xli
from it the logarithm of 100,000.
tract
voidl aUogdhrr ,1 hr ,,,,. i,
m
The use of second differences may l
and .,<"><> "-V In- u,l
between ,.S H
choo.es, for any number not lying' i.i.iH,;,
bnng will Ui mum-ralnr
and divided by another number which
''-I'"""', .In,
numb,,-
Thus, if, as before, nut log 12.3-15
'

these limits.
natural logarUlnn of nuMun.HMM
may be written 24690/20, and the
nat log 20, is the inpu^l vnhu-.
by help of the derivative, less an
The awkwardness of a table of imtnrul logarithms is inlu-vnl
It on Ll.it f.:l Uml < and ihr
depends
be overcome by any device.
1 "">
numeration, the number 10, are incommensurable quantities.
1

ation were duodecimal, as it might Imve

been had six liners tn a baud hn-n
12 would also Imv.' >vn tin- nu.sl i-nnvrnu-ut
the rule instead of the exception,
base for a table of logarithms. great table A
of natural K iinilims, .,,rh l f

Barlow's 8-place table of all numbers from

i to lo.mu, IM only u litll.- IIK.UI
convenient than that here offered, and with it, loo,
it rx|u: li.-m tu nuiHiply i (

any small number a factor sucli that the product iip|r.t;u-luvi (...,,,..
by
of it to y pl;uv;
Table VI gives the values of the gudermaiinian
u =
o.ooo to u ==.- 3.000 and from it--. 3.00 to"
6. no. In thin l;tbl

in radians, and^ both in nulmnsand in iniKulitr nuM-tinv.

expressed
r.mvrnii-Ht, IIUMV
theoreticalwork the guclernmnniun in ruiUnns usually is llu-

but for use in finding hyperbolic functions it must be

redimrd in mi atif.lr.
The gudermanniau, gdit, is connected with Ihu hyperbolir fitnt'tlitin by
the following well-known relations :

sinh = tallow/ cosh -- sec ,/,''(///;

lanli '/ sin y,tt "

= tan
'

n "
tniih -----
J gd n ,-
- '-

log,, tan
(
!
\ y,<l
j
.

Thus Table VI, with the help of a y-place table of lugunthm.'i of llu- cir-
cular functions, gives 7-phice values of the hyperbolic fuiulion.s.
The derivative of it is such w, and can bo nsoil inrU:pt:iU:iitly of thn
gd
gudermaiinian.
Table VII is substantially a reversion of Tnblo VF, ami givi'n tin- uiiti-

gudermnunlnii in termsof the gudermannian, liotli, howrvcr, ln-inn cxprvwril

in minutes and decimals of a minute. If ;w is the iinligud^itniinniitn ex-

pressed in minutes and the same function oxprc.sswl in

"
?w~ 3437.7468 it - -"
3'137-7'K'f lotf( tan f -|- i

Table VII is a table of m, and if m is multipHud by o.ooti ,hii>S sjr liio

product isw in radians, This table is known to navigators its u Uiblc of

Meridional Parts for a Spherical Globe, It is frutjntMitly of iw In iltu ilis-

cussion of physical questions and is the very foundation of navigation with

Mercator charts. In the more modern works on navigation, howtivur, tho
 OK 'J'Alir.HK. xlvli

dliptit-ily of the meridian is allowed for ill computing tables of meridional

purls, ami consequently this table will probably never be reproduced in a
navin'iU'ir. I 'or this reason it in here preserved for computers who are nut
t:n^;if.';LMl in navigation,
To test this table, which is borrowed from Inmnn, 200 of the values, or
one in every 27 uiitrie. ;, were eoinpareil with Oiidonnaiui's
1

7 -(Uiciiual place
table of tlie uuLi^iHleriinuniiaii in radian measure. In nearly all case,s Innifui'.s
lust figure was oonfirincrd, but in a few instuncus tlie lust iiftitru is inoorruct

by a unit, IiH|uiry into the.sc cases showed Unit the nmximuni error detected
was kiss tbano,ou6of u iniuute. Thus the last figure; is not absolutely trust-
wortliy, but near unoii^h to enable the computer lo interpolate accurately
is

to pluces.
,<j
H
7 [tlaec of the antiivudcrniunnian are i-cMjuired, they can be
1
!!

found by inverse interpolation in Table VI.

Tlu: earlier part of Table VII may lie interpolated by first differences with-
out considerable error.At about H4,v>' one-eighth of the second difference
becomes approximately half n unit in the last tubulated place, and beyond
this point wound differences .should be taken into account.
Table VITI Is a tublu for converting mdiinus into angular measure and
vice versa* A few numerical constants tire appended.
 HISTORICAL NOTE.

of the functions now known as

The first and most important application
when he issued Ins
hyperbolic wu made by Gerhard Mercator (Kremer) m
in .569, or, as some say, 1550, while
n "Mercator's projection,"
Xch g" date as
world is
, 5 66. To this day substantially all of the deep-
carried on by the help of tins projection
sea navigation of the
to the extent of correcting he meridional
vhich has been modified only
the meridian. Mercator's problem wa to find
p rts for the ellipticity of
be a straight line. I he solu-
the loxodrome should
abjection on which
tion is unique, and
for a spherical globe
is A =gd
% where X is the latitude,

a point
or the ordinate on the projection of h,
the "meridional part,"
Of course, tins relation gives
latitude \, and . is the radius of the sphere.

have tabulated. He published his map without

and this Mercator ,nust m
and it was left to Edward Wright ,599 to state
explanation, however,

says Professor
inventor of the hyperbolic trigonometry,"
" was Vinceiuo Riceati, S. J. (Opuseula ad res Phys. et Math.
McMahon
Bonouiae, ,7,7). He adopted the notation S/, * O, for he
p ones. He proved the
and 5,. *, Cc. * for the circular
hyperbolic function,
addition theorem geomeUcally,
and derived a construction for the solution
to inter-
a cubic equation. Soon after
Daviet de Poncenex showedjiow
of
functions by the use of ,/ -.,
and gave
change circular and hyperbolic
the work resting more on analogy
the analogue of de Moivre's theorem,
Misecl
than on clear definition (Reflex, aur lea quant, nnag
however,
systematized the subject
Turin Soc Tom, i). Johann Heinrieh Lambert
the exponential expressions. He
and gave the serial developments and
the notation sinh eta., and introduced the transcendent angle,
adopted ,

and in the construe-

now called the gudermaimiau, using it in computation

Guderraann published an important

memoir on Potential or Cyclic-

functions in 1830', followed by

hyperbolic extendcdjabto. ^Jjnjrcogm.
1
Times McMahoii, Hyperbolic I'unctions, p. 71.
WMe ri re P rmle<1 '"
.CrelU'. Journal, vol.! 6, 7, 8, <"<! 9.
** '=" lra f

xlviil
separate volume,
 r, NOTK. xlix

lion of his contributions in the 1

sublet, Caytey, in TMa, proposal the

mime gudermanni:in' J
for the angle which i,ambert called transcendent,
and which had been variously designated by others.
Among other more
recent works on hyperbolic functions art- Hiegmuud Oiinther's T.chre.
von don Uyperbcirimetioncn, iSSi, and Mr. James MeMahon's
Hyper-
bolic Kunetions, ,\l\\ edition, 10.06.
Tlit; lirst large table of hyperbolic functions wo have met with is U:gen-
" '

dro's table of log- tan ( to in (U-ciiiHils. Tlu; iin>mm:nt advances

( (
J

l>y ttuM-oniunts of 30 ininnlt-.t, lint five diffi'ivnces nrti tabulated to facililate

r|

iiiUM-|)olnti()ii.' (iinlornuinu in rS^i ptiblish^il a tublo of tin; HIM no func-

tion, miiitf ccnlosinial (U^rocs and ndvandnjr by hnndivdlhs of a di^reu
(o"o' ,v.*", 4) f''"m l mi entire <|ii;idrant llu; I'nin'tion buinj.y %\\v.\\ to seven
>
p

decimal places. This was later supplemented byu lablu advaneinu by linn-
dn-dtlifi of a doKi'ue from HK" Itt ion
icing uiven to eleven
1

tliu funolioii ,
I

iUTimal pliic-es. Oudermtiiin also n'tivo a <>-pluee tidilc of lojj' wish //, lot?
sink //, and loj; tanh //, from // a.oc> to // 5. imn, ami u lo-pluoe
; :
; ;

table of tliu same functions from // 5,00 lo // ui.on, ; . ,

In i8fia '/.. V, W. (irotmu 1

pnbllslic'd a ,s-place table of hyperbolic func-

tions, the argument beinn lh
'

t-;'ndenminni(in #-d n \\\ .sexagesimal deKi'ee.H

and minutes. He liibulated to lids urtfunient loy; cosh n logsinhw, and the
t

"- A''
logarithm of (V
-|-
")I instead of the nuliiml logarithms of this
[
2

funrlion, followiiiK thorein u snu'Kt'stion of Lambert,

In iSijo W. UKOwsUi issued bis 'Piil'elu (U-r
ITyperbelfnnetionen und tier

Kivisfiinetioneu, which is admirably accurate and much UK; most useful

of tables of the hyperbolic functions hitherto
<:olli.H:tioM ll'c filled
printed,
tht!gap left by (tndcrmaim by computing lotf siidi it, loj'; cosh it, and lojf
tanh it from u o.nnii to 2.001). These he i-ives to nnlv nlaeeH. htit in - >
& ' ,1
<

mlililion he Ududates #d u In derives, minutes, second, 1

;, and decimals of a
second. These values are in all cases sullicicntly accurate to enalilc the, com-
puter to take out from an ordinary table of lur-arilhms y-place values of the
logarithms of cush w, sinli K, and tanh //. The are,iimcnt ranges from o.ouo
to 3.000 and from a. (HI to d.un for,!,'!///, while loj.( cosli // and
lo^sinh /' arc
carried up to // :

y.oo. I',ij;owski also j.'jvcs the natural functions cosh ,

siuh //, COM t(, and sin // to o decimal.s for values of // in radians from o.oo to
2,00, tin: cosh u and slnh // heiutf Cdnlinmid to // :
H,oo. The. only fault
we with UKowski's tallies
(.'an find is that the increments of tht! argument
are sometimes iiH'ouvciueiHly large.

'
Phil, MK-i vol. a.|, |i, ly,
J ' '
in CiiyUiy'H \m\wt.
8
Kxurrffiiw ilti Old. lul., vol. a,
4
NutitiflLu HchrlfUtu ilur Nttlnrforimhur-OeiitilliclmfL in
Dan/li-f, vol. 6, 186:1.
[ HISTORICAL NOTK.

table of the detruding ex-

1

In 1883 F. W. Newman published u i2-plaec

ponential from
w =0.000 to " -
, 5.349, and a i-H'l^
table of tlu> same 1'imr.-
to 17. 29 llll(l >'V llvr lll
" m
by two-thousandths from 15.35"
'

tion advancing
Mr. J. W. I,.
samlllisfrom 17.298 to 27.635. In the same volume appeared
Glaisher's tables of the ascending
and descending exponential In nine sig-
nificant figures,with The argument advaiuvs by one,-
lo-place logarithms.
one tenth to and by n
thousandth to o.i; by one-hundredth to 2.00; by i>,

single unit to 500.

Mr. A. Forti's Nuove Tavole dellc Fun/ioni Iperholirhi' were pub-

lished in The hyperbolic sines, cosines,and tangents, lu,M'ther

1892.
with their logarithms, are given to six: decimals from o.ouou in O.;MH>,

from 0,200 to 2.000, and from 2.00 to H.oo. Frequent errors, however, nf
one, two, and three units in the last decimal place practically limit these
tables to five places.The gudermannian is tabulated in decrees, mimiU'S,
seconds, and tenths of a second,
and the logarithms of the itruumentM are

given to seven places.

In the volume here presented the first thousand values of lotf sinb //, log
cosh?;, and log tanhw have been computed; the remaining values Inivc hern
taken from the tables of Gudernuum or Ligowski. The values of ilu uul-
ural hyperbolic sines and cosines for values of the argument <. and nf i

the tangents for arguments >

2.0 have been computed; tin: remaining vuliu.-:!

have been taken from the tallies of Forti and Ugnwski. A. ret'oinput iti<m

of a great number of the borrowed values was made in order lu oblniii tin,;
u anil logcoth // have been rnmpnted.
required accuracy. The values of coth
In Table III the sines and cosines were obtained by interpolation from
the 7-pltice values of natural sines and cosines given in Iliilsse's Vi-ga,
where the argument is expressed in angle. The logarithms of the- sim-M and
cosines and the angular equivalents of the arguments have been cinupuU'd.
In Table IV the values of t'~~ are all taken from Newman's ^;n;at
a

table. Those of H'" from o.ooo to o.ioo and from i lo nm uu- i'niin

Glaisher'fi table. The remainder we computed, duicUiiiK llu: resultM hy

Glaisher's table or by reciprocating. It should be noted that the / plmx'

table of tf" given in Hiilsse's edition of Vega is inannirute, und ivally

amounts to no more than a 5- place table. The logarithms of ff" were com-
of the values of <-'",
puted independently
Tables V and VIII are borrowed.
The values of gd n in Table VI in terms of angle are taken from I,igow-
aki, excepting the thousand
values between u 2. MOO awl ,VKH>. These,
were interpolated from Ugowski's values (2.00 to 3.00) with due checks on
his accuracy. In preparing the table of gd it in radians it was necessary for
us to make an independent computation of this function from // :-. 0,31x1 to
= 3.000 in order to secure accuracy in the seventh significant figure..
The remaining values were derived from lyigowski by converting angles

'Cambridge Phil. Sac,, Trans., vol. 13,

 HISTORICAL NOTli. li

into radians. A considerable number of his values, however, were 'iesled

liy independent computation.
Table VII is borrowed from UK: Nautical tables of
James linnan, n: vised
by James W. riiiuan, London, iSd-;, with a few snndl corrections,
1'inally, it may be remarked that UK; derivative's as nivtsii in LluiHi: lulilus
liavt: been niinpiitud for them,
Thuy are not derived from tbe dinnruncus
of the. values ns printed,but from more extended values, or nu: computed
independently, and the. error of the derivatives as well us of the functions is
lessthan une-hiilf of a unit in llie, next snceuediii)'; decimal
place.
These table.'i were
prepared in connection wilh the tfeophysiciil work of
Ihi! United Slates (leolotfieul .Survey, mul are publiHhed wilh the
permission
of the Director.
(ll'OIUJlt l'\ JiKCKMR.
C. M. VAN OUHTKANU.
1). (l,
, t JiT.H?taWt
 TABLE I

LOGARITHMS OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.
 of Hyperbolic Functions.

II loll alnli ii oosli loo tnnli ii Illll Cdlll 11

O.lHl.'iO O.CMXKII
.1KI001

HK
X.i-M" .OIMXH -7.V.W

0,00,'iS 7.X.|o,lO O.(MUKH 7-7-l'M"

.(HMHIl X7.S.ii
, OOl H 1 1

,IH)(HH .70.11.!
,(MHHIl ./70.S5 X.t'M

0.00(10 0.0(HK)[
.(Kn .1111(1111
Xi i.o
.(HH).! .tHHKH
.01X101
.(HHX)I "0.^,1

O.OOd'i O.tHllKII

,00(7 .(li)OOl
.'7,10.1
.oiioH .00001 .
10/50
,(HHH)1

O.OO/O O.IKKHH
,0071 .(HHHII

,007,1 'KM.-'
IHMHH ,10 |,o
.IXXHll

0,007.1 O.IHHIDI 5X0.0

,(xt/7
,(HHMM
'.OIIOOI

O.fHtHtl I). IHHHH (1,0

.OOOOl p.),!,,!

,OtiH| SIX." .OOIKU S"X.o

o.ooM.'i Si (V) ft.(HN10,!

suji.tt IIIUKU .
1*0551
I')'),.! .tHMKI.!

.OoHS .OIHNIf
.IKKKU 1^7,0

O.OtM^) O.O'lOiU 7-OSP.l

.OIHMU'
.IKHKU
.tKMHU
.IKHKIJ

O.IKHK.M 0,0 7-07X7' 157. '

.(HHK)J .01X71
,00')7 .1KXHU i ixlx
,<KX^ .OIKH.L' .OoS?o
ooyy ,(KMXU

o.o too fi,(XX)01 '134.3

VI loulnn miti log "In uil 11 lUQ 0)0 0(1 11

QMITHBONIAN
Logarithms of Hyperbolic Fmictiomi.
 Lo([nrithniH of Hyperbolic Function a.

Ion ninli 11 F,,'

as 1,1

11,017;!
,0170
.0177
,oi7H
.0171)

n.oiH^
.otMl
.OlK,!

3.1I.H

-jy.i.3

Oltt)

..'Hi 00

ft.atxKMi
.oi'X) ,3<)Jj8
.0107
,OH^ 2('),.|

.OIW
0.03(Xt ai?,a

u too (nn gil u w r,,'

SMITHSONIAN TARLCB
Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.
 LofjarUhma of Hyperbolic Functions.

BMItllQONIAN
Logarithms o Hyperbolic Functions.
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

inn uinii u

J .!!(,()

118,4

nxix

117,1
IIO..S

O.O.IX.'i 1 1. ),!,)

.0:1/7

n.lio

114,0

IM!-I

0.038!; II,
.0,1*. II. ,
(i

.<M7
li. ,o
,
fiUUDil 111,7

O.O.VJO
.0301 111,1
.030..'
.030.1
O.W4 110,3

0,0305 r 10,0

.W .(M)OOO KM), 2
.o,iuH
.(M)IO'J

fl.finaiR

IOQ inn ad u w p,,'

SMITHSONIAN TADLCH
Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

10
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions,

II
IlKf II I Illl II w Fu' lou ttinli IOQ aolh it

.65(17(1

US. I

.(' ji
17 .(111(1,1,1 Ul.U
01.7
.0(1151 1M.5

1-33755

335 ( '7
;W173
33379

1.33;*'
,0,|(rfi 33'U3

,IMH'.|M

8.117178
,OlH>,|N

3^-155

'(1,5
.677J8
,6y,Si<) 'MO
,6/ijio
.J-'OtlO

I-3MXW
,000.^1
!AO .317^
&),*
.(18.151

1.3l.l6^)
8-M .(HHIJit .31371

,0,|8H
88,7

o.oon,;,! 1

8H.5 1.31015
88,3

8/!') .30750

.3o.|7
,30,|(M
87.1 .30313
,0(>05.| Hfny

8. ft win O.OflOSJ I. 30130

log tHti nil u II Pu too aln oil u logfliogttii

SMITIIHONIAN
Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

12
 u of Hyperbolic Functions.

liiU u lull u loa tiinh u

.7.110,1
.7.15.1 1

7.|(nH
-7-1'x.J''

i- X. 177,1

750U5
.750HJ

8. 75150
75- M5
.75.11-!

.
755.10

758|.

H.750TO
,
7i H >f rf I

.7(11.1,!
.7f .,M7

7'M-l.l

8.7Miri<i

7.1.7
7.1,"
X.lvl .77181
.77^55
wlJ .77AM

7.1.1 0..1

7.1." .77.17,1
.775-10
. 77(11 K

low uln ndii

lug Inn ail it Pi,'
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

7.

7
7-

7-

.0604 .781 7-

0.0605 7f
. ofio.'i 71
7'
71
.0601) 7'

o.o6ro 7r O. OIK )8 I

71 .()II08|

71 ,OOI)8l
.7877 70 .001182
.of) 14 ,788. 70 .uooNj

0.0615 8.7891 70, 0.0008; <>,

.of) 10 70, .0008,3
.0617 7", ,CKwi8.j
.QfilH 70 .0008,!
.0610 70 .0008.J

8.7926 7", O.ixioS.i

7933 70,1 ,ooo8|
TWO .01x18 1

79-17 .IXMlHl
795-17 .0008, 1

0.00085 '"/,.(
.ofwfi
,0(Kh8;i ./'( )' XI I

.0627 7U75S .(HX)85

.0628 .7982S ,0008(1
.0621) .7989. 69, .0008(1

.0630 8.7996.1 6f>,o O.CKH)8(i o,,i (rf!,!i

.&X),J.i ,0(H)8()
(M.ti
.80101 .000187 '-.''.;;
063.1 68,7 ,o<H)87 /p.
1

!, ;

.063.1 68,6 .00087 ,.l

8.80307 68, ; 0.00088

.0636 68,,| .ooiiMS
0637 68,,i .0008.8
0638 6\V> ,(XKiS8
,80580 68,1 .001.180

0(140 .
68,0 o. 00(18" )
0,3 H.8o5.<io
064 r .80716 07,8 ,ooo8(j
.81178,1 67,7 .0008;;
.80851 67,6 .00090
,80919 67,5 -oooyo

8.8oy86 O.OfXKJO 0,3

.81053 f'7,3 .(K)0i)l
67,3 .dXMjr
67,1 OOOJJI
67,0 .00091

8.8i_MO (if MI

IOQ Bin ud u

SMITHBONIAN TABLES
 J-ofvarithnw of Hyperbolic Functions,

niiili [i w Po' IIIQ no sli u Ion In nli u *,

Fg' IQQ cotli u

O.IHMKW i .
18770
.OOfWf.! .
18703
OIXWJJ

''Mi

(1. 0(HJ3
.OtKMj.)
.OO<K).|

05,7 .1817-1

.8iK->r i.iHioy
.ttfrfll

.01X11)5

.17^17

o.onot/i 1.17782
.177.17

1
.(HUM)) .17587
OdtX) ('.V

CM, i) 0,3 1. 1 7-157

M.S .1731*3
'a7 ,(HMHj8 (xj,,|

,OOI)')S 'Mill
.(.KNKW dl,2

<M,I 1.17136
.17071

.IH)I(K)
.OlMOO .1(188(1

O.OOKK) "3,7
.OlJll .1X1101
.00101
.00101 .K.1.175
.UOIOJ

o.ofiM.i; O.fHlIO.! 0,3 H.H.150I

,0'iHrt .0010.!
.(XH(U

, (XI 1 0.) 37S3

O.O^Xt H.8,V>ii) 0,00103 0..1 8.83816 : .

irtt8,(
.10I.M
.MfKJJ
(i3,5
.001 os .1 jw.ii
,0f*>|

n.,1 1.15871
.00 105 fu.j
.00105 fi-M .157-17
,00100' 02,0 .IS* ^5

o.oorofi 0,3 Cii.H 1.1550' I

O.O/IXI H.R-15-1S

u IOfl(0[)B(l U too ln oil u w Fo'

11 lop Ian ii<l

SMITHSONIAN TAHUO
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Function*!.

JDU liinli u

0,3

Ft/ ou sin ml u

SMITHRONIAN TABLES
16
 of Hyperbolic l/unctions.

IliU "lull II on nuali ti OH lllltll II on colli u

8.874J5 57,7 1.U575

57,<>
.875-1(1 57,5
57,5
57,4

57,3
57,-:

5'',"
. i
M.M5
.KSi

H775

5'i.5 1.11718
51 ',5

.(lOU'S .1154"
.U. 193

1 . 1 1437
.11,580
51 vi .00 UH)
5'i..l .KH7.13
,00130 55,9

55.8 1. 1 1 157
0.1x1130 0,3
.00131 55,7 .linn
M> 55,7 .110,15
5'
,00131 55."
55,5

0,3 55,5 I . 10878

,(M) 1,1-1 .KIM 77 55,4 . M.)8.'3

55,3 .107(18
OOt'U 55.3 .10712
'.OOM,!

0,3 55,1 I.IOfkU

0.0013-1
.K) (5.1 55," .10547
.Hi)5"M 55," .10 |<)J
.00134
.00 MS .H')M>,1 54," . I" 137
.Hf/nH 54,H

55. i 0,3 54,7

5.1,"
54.7 . MUM
5 1.9
s-tis
54,"
.00137 5.1,5 . 10109
."7"1 51.8

5-1.7 0.001,17 0,3 5-1,-

><?! '5 .10000
.(HIM? 1XHHK) 54,3
.070(1 54.?
54,3
5-1,''

5-1.5 .00138 . 90 1 o- 54
,00,!.|f>
54.3 .00138

0.0013'J 0..1 54.1 1.09784

8.00355

IOQ iln ad u
H Fu' tog cio ad u
lou Inn (id M Pi/

TAHUCS
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Function!).

8,92210 o.oo 15 r

.92271 .0015.!
92323 .00152
-92375 .00152
.92427 .0015;)
 Louurilhrm of Hyperbolic Functions.

nlnli u 1(1(1 OOslllI '

Ion tnnli u (I) Pu Ion colli u

i.o/Ki,-

50,7

^-0301)1
.011151)
5". 5

.OOlli;)

.11(1707

0,4
SO. a .0(1(107
po.1
.OOlO.l
,10,1 .00507
.0010.1 .00. 571

n.ott'i'i O.iXllli.l
50,0 I
.ofi..|07
.I",,!
i v'i'
\W> -n! 1.15 7
.
>>'
.0(1307

!o'-)

o.oS/o po.o t.
10,7 00*157
19,'' .0(1108
.Oliosff
.Ofioilf)

o.ofty;; IM.H
I.050IO
.O8>'lt .OOltt!)
.058:10
.o!<77
.05811
.OOlfiy
.05713

I'AS O.OOIO'K 0,4 -I'M

.Olllf'S
10.0 .05015
.OOUnj 10,0
.(Hll(ti|
.05517
.(KUdc)

I.05.|I9
IKtl/O

,00171 05^73
.00171

0.0017.! 0,4 1.05175

.0,11 7J .051:37
.05078
.0017.! .05030
00173

0.0017.1 8,050(17
.00174 .95115
. .1x1174 .0.|K.17
.1.S ,<x.M75
.MSJ.M .011175

0,0000 0.0017(1

U ntl inn oil u ou aoo u w

uil Pi/ ogalriod u oo oia oil u

BMITHBQNtAN
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

.001
.001
.001
.0017

0.0017
.0017
.0017
.0017
.0309 .0017

0.0910 8.95964 O.OOlJ

1.04.216
.0911 .OLi2 .00 it
.04168
.03 .96060
.04121
.oy .95107
.04073
.09 9JI55 .ooi
.0402;)

0.09 8.96203 0.0018

1-03979
.OQ .96250 .0018
.0393-2
.09 .93298 .0018
.03885
.091 96345 .0018
.031
03837
.96393 .0018;
37<JO

8.96440 Q.OOlS-
1. 037-1'
.9:487 .0018.
.03fxj
.96535 .0018.
.03650
.96582 .00185
.03603
.96629 ,00185
.03556
0.032 8.96676 47,i o.ooi85
0,4
.09-' j 96723 47,o .0018;
.0927 .96770 .00186 ,03463
47,o
.03: .96817 .03416
46,9 .00187
.9^864 .03370
46,9 .00187
.03323
0.0930 8.96911 46,8 0.00:88 0,4 :. 03277
.0931 .96958 46,8 -ooiSS
.0932 -96770 46,4 -03-330
97004 46,7 .00188
.96816 46,3 ,03184
0933 .97051 46,7 .011189
0034 .96862 46,3 .03138
.97098 46,6 .00189 .96909 46,2 .03091
0.0935 8.97144 46,6 0.00190 0,4 8.96955 46,2 i. 030.1 5
.0336 97I9I 46,5 .00190 .9700:
0037 97237 46,: .oKjoy
46,5 .ooigo
0938 97047 46,1 02953
97284 46,4 .00191
0035 97330 97093 46,0 .02<;o7
46,4 .00191
97:39 46,0 .02861
0.09.40 8-97377 46,3 0.00192 0,4
0341 '97423 8.07185 45,9 1.02815
46,3 .00192 |

.0942 .97469 9723: 45,9 .02760

46,2 .00102
0943 .97516 .97277 45,8 .02723
46,2 .00193
0944 97562 97323 45,8 .02677
46,1 .00193 -97368 45,7 .02632
0.0945 8.97608 46,1 0,00194 0,4 8.97414
.0946 .97654 46,0 45,7 1.02586
.00104 .97460
0047 -97700 46,0 45,C .02540
.00194 97505
.0348 .97746 4S,9 45,6 .02495
.00:95 -97551
.0949 -97792 45,9 45,5 .02449
.00195
97597 45,5 .02403
0.0350 8.97838
1.02358
 ti of Hyperbolic If

lll(J Olllll II Inn canh n Ian In nh a w iv Ion colli

4.1,4
45.4

(V 45,-! 1 .nji.u
45.-'
45, i ,0~J ll.|I
45. "

.ocuSi

O.fXCIIIil
45.o

Ylk
44 ,M ,017-V

1
44,7
.mi ''!
44.X ,010,17

,5

.en i,|-N
.01 in |

,(KI.!llM .'

r.oroio
.(11107.;

ll.fH.lMji
.IHjM'l -1J.H .1x1753
4,1,7
4.1-X

4.1,o'

.oup.vi
l!l.5 .0:1 I'M

M.'> 4.1,4
us 4J,4

1,00,1*' '

." MIX
4.1..1

l.l.-i

l.'f,-!

1.1.1

ii loo tan git il ii loo sfn u<l log oo oil u

SMITHHOMIAN TAB KB
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

0,04227 O.OO202
0462 i
.
.OD267
.05013 .00272
.05400 .002
-05785 .00

9.06165 379,3 0.00287

.05543 376,1 .00~'02
.05918 372,9 .00297
.07289 369,8 .0030J
.07657 366,7 .00307

9.08052 363.6 I 0.00312 9.07710

.08384 360.7 .00317 .o8ol>7
.08744 357,7 .00322 .08421
.03100 354.9 .00328 .0877
.09453 352,0 I .00333 .00 I JO

9.09804 349,2 0,00338 9,0046:)

. 10152
34^,5 .0034. .00808
10407 343,8 .00349 .
10148
.
10840 34 M 00355 .
10485
.11170 338,5 ,00360 .10810 8
333.0 .fill

9.11517 330,o 0.00366

.1.851 333,4 .00373
.12183 330,9 00377
-
I25I3 328,5 .00383
.
12840 326,0 .00389

9-13105 323,7 0-00305

I34S8 321,3 .00400 3IS,-
,13808 319.0 .00401) 313,1
.14126 316,7 .00412 310,7
.
14441 3M.S .00418 308,5
9- 14755 312,2 0,0042.
.15056 310,0 .004,10
f
5375 307,9 .00430"
.
15682 305,8 ,00443
.
15986 303,7 .00449

9. 16289 301,6 0-00455

.16583 299,6 .00461
.16838 297,6 .00468
.17185 295,6 .00474
17479 293,6 .00480

SMITHSONIAN
 of Hyperbolic Functions.

IdU "lull n F,,' Ina oosh n loa In nli n onllt u

H.5 0.8.715
".5
(/i
,(11150:,

.00-11,1 .18.111

.!(!.{ HI
.10574

.oo.'iHi

t. 011581) 7,"
7,1

1153,7
;.3

7.3
7,4
7.-1

11,1,1.5 7,1
7,5

7.5

7,''

,OOf*)J 7,7 ,.75175

7,7 M'M

.(MIX'S M,),4

7.')

.(KI7.I7 ,aii.|5.| .

H!<> 73.1IH

H,I

!J...'7.)5X

K.,1 XI 7('0

0.71543
KM
.71110
.XoSiXi
,ooK5.| .29317 ,XO()H3
..VM7J

0.0086,1 8,6 0.70-1 7 1

0.2p529

u loo 100 oil ti log tin a<l u loucioadu

loo Inn HI!

SMITHSONIAN TAHUEO
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Kuiictionti,

0.325-11
3-J751 >
32058
33 I (X)

3,137-'

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
 Lof;iirHhim of Hyperbolic Functions.

lnu 'linh 11
Inn ooali u IOQ tiinli ii
Fu'

idV
"l';i,,i

O . .'{ I

.,! hi'
IS' J.I

,|IDtU

I I, 'I

II,')

d.Ji.'i't/ft

ML?

I, |0,l
l.llfcS

1.11,0
IflH.fi

12,7

Ion Inn u<l vi Inanftouil u VJ loo "In oil u M Fo' ln UBO oil n

TABI.KB
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

-.t5o
^o.55ax)
u
Inn ad ti
jloo

SMITHSONIAN
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

'
uinh u Fu lOO QOsIl 11
loo (mill ti
Ion oolh u

ii-l, -17JO.I
1
1.1,7
i
'.I,- -l')7''

o..1(1750
-.UV'.l
1-1,0 -5.1.1X5 it 1,0
1-1,0 "1.5
15,0

(J.D..755 15.0 IKI.M

15,0 110,5 ..[(ioSi
110,1
100,7 .-1 58(10
15,1 -15751

-15533
.
SX-l.iX 15.3 -1 5-1 A
IS.,1 iuS,o -'1531(1
15.3 107,7

107,3 0.^15101
U'.!,.( .55<xX> 107,0 ..l-l') fl ;

I.!J,1 15.-1 5511.1 .io(i,6

ui,H 15,5 Kifi,3
15,5

1 05,6
.
55537 105,3
105,0
15,7 557-17 10.1,6 4-1353
15,7 .55^5.1

HO.X l.-i.H I0.|,o

.030/0 1S.H 10.1,7 ..I3U-II
110.J .o.ioi)5 so KM 103,3
.03110 '5.0 103,0 -1373.1
15,0 10-1,7

0-3^5
IS.,9
If 1,0
IOJ.I -13-tafi
ioi,H ..133-J-l
"7,5 ..^777 101,4 ..13233
16,1 .50X7*) 101,1

0..100 I Ifi.O 16,1 roo.fl

3'JI 116,7 100,5
..TJJ
303 ift,j

.5730
0,305 0.0.1,10,1 D.57.|r}
.30:1 "5,3 .o.W- 5X570 !X),0
3'IX "5,1 03.13(1
.fill 30 0.1,15,1 .57776
1 I.), fi
S7HX5 liaii -42135

O..|00 9-oXl5 "! 0.5X9X3 ox.a 0. -12027

u Inn uil 11 w Pu' D eeo IV og tin gd u

oil ii
OB 0*0 (|tl II

MITH*ONIAN
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

9.61026 16,7 SA3 0.415.1-!

.6.2039 16,7 9-V .4144"
.62152 .03502 16,8 -58550 95,8 -1135"
.62.254 -03519 16,8 .58746 9515 .41. ;5
.62376 -03S35 16,8 .58841 41150

0.03552 1 6,9
9-58936
-03569 1 6,9 5C03I
.62711 .03586 1 6,9 59 1 -'
.62823 .03603 17,0 .
59220
.62934 .03620 17,0 .59314

9.63044 iro,6 0.03637 9.59407

.63155 1 10,4 03654 59501
.63265 110,1 .03671 -59594
-6337S 109,9 .03688 59587
63485 109,6 .03706 59779

p. 03594 109,4 0.03723 9.59871

.63704 109,2 .03740 59953
.63813 :o9,o 03757 .60055
.63922 108,7 .03775 .60147
.64030 108,5 .03792 .60238

9.04139 108,3 0.03810 9.60329

64247 108,0 .03827 .60420
64355 107,8 03844 .60510
.64462 107,6 .03862 .60600
.64570 107,4 .03880 .60690

9-64677 107,1 0.03897 9.60780

.64784 io5,9 03915 .
60869
.64891 106,7 03932 .60959
.64997 106,5 .03950 .61047
.65104 io5,3 .03968 .61136
0-435 9.65210 100,0 0.03985 9.61224
-436 .65316 105,8 .04003 61313
437 .65422 105,6 .04021 .61401
438 65527 105,4 .04039 .61488
439 -65633 105,2 .04057 .61576
9-65738 105,0 0.04075 18,0 9.61663
-65843 104,8 .04093 0-38337
18,0 -61750
65947 104,6 .04111 1
.38250
8,0 .61836
.66052 104,4 .38164
,04129 18,1 61923
.66156 104,2 -04147 .38077
18,1 .62009
-37991
9.65260 104,0 0.04105 18,1
.66364 9.62095
103,7 .04183 18,2
0-37905
.66468 .62180
103,5 .04202 18,2
.37820
.66571 .62266
103,3 .04220 37734
18,3 62351
.66674 .04238 18,3 3704_9
62436
37564
9.65777
u loo fan ad u

SMITHSONIAN
 of Hyperbolic Functions.

liiU nlnli 11 ''"' luu cooli u w iv Ino Innh u IDQ ootli il

<>., 17-179

37,U
-37-^0
371-13

.d.lhOl 8 1,(>
.0,11.8.1

O..V(2,i(i
.If,',
8l,0
80,7
10,0
-I'") 10,0

10,0
10,1 35753
10,1
10,1
10,.!

-35I-! I

(
77, ) l).3.'HM3
77,7
.'1511,1 77,5
77,3
77,1

7<',7
7", 5
7'U
70,1 ,1.135"

75,7
75.5
.050:7 75,3
75,1

JM.!>
7-1,7

7-1.5
7.1.3
MW
.0511/1 7.1,1 33SJW

O.OHdl? an, i 7,1,0

n lot) Inn nil ii

Ofl SflO nil U too sin u
ail Fo' lOOCSOHll U

TAOLK
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

0.33.V.'.'
33 I. Si
-, 13.1 77

0.05317
.053$
.05358
.0537"
05399

0.05419 9.67205
.05439 .67277
.05460 .67.1.18
.05480 .67420
.05501 .67491

9.73084 0.05521 9.07562

-73175 .05542 .67633
.73267 .05563 .67704
73358 05583 .67775
73449 .0560.1 .67845

0.520 9-73S40 90,9 0.05625 30,7

.521 I
.73631 90,8 05645 20,8
-73732 90,6 .05666 20,8
523 .73812 90,5 .05687 20,8
5-J 4 .73<X>3 90,3 .05708
I

20,9

9-73993 90,2 0.05729

74083 90,o -05750 .08333
74'73 89,9 .05771 .68402
-742f)3 89,8 .05792 .68471
74353 8n,6 .05813 .68540
0.530 9.74442 89,5 0.05834
]

68,4
531 .74533 89,3 .05855 .68677 68, j
532 .74621 89,2 .05876 .68745 6H,n
533 -74710 89,1 .05897 .68813 ''7,0
534 I
-74799 88,9 .05918 .68880 67,7
9.7-lSSS 0.05940
<>7,5
.74976 .059(11
67,..!
-750^5 .05582
67,2
75153 .06004
.75242 67,0
.06025

9-75330 0.00046
.75418 9.69284
.ofioSS
-75505
.
69350
.06089 .69417
75594 .oftm
.75681 -69483
.06132 6954D
9.75709 87,4 0.06154
75856 87,3 06175 .69681
75943 87,2 .06197 69746
.76030 87,0 .06219 .69812
76117 86,9 .06240 .69877
0-550 9.76204

log tan ad u

SMITHSONIAN TBUB
 of Hyperbolic Functions,

1(1(1 alnh u luu coalm M ['' log Innli u 10 Fi,' lou oolli u

ij.V(t,;tU

0.297.15

.-'!). 1 7! J

i), 7058,1
.(''1511.1

.7(1711

.< (lit 151) .71087

H-I..1 (t-Xuii
Hi,! 71-7,1
7M.ll

H,1,H 71-157

H.1,7 tt.frf'iSlli

.
7 580
1 01,0
.710,11 (xi.8

KIJ .71701
dois

(iolii

..<;>< 1 ,(>7uo -7U.17

0.27S77
.070115

.07111 5'J,^

HJ.I .0X1.31 .
X-M'X'

u.'iut 0.071S7 0.27581

.fl'Ji ,07180 -7S- J
,07-iu 7-IS.17 .27*10.1

.fl'M Ht.fi .7-15'JS .27-105

S'M

0.07^7.1 j.72712
.
Jitjf HU .7^77"
.
fi'// .0X3") 5H,0
5'tN Hl!l .
(17.11 J .3711-1

.Mtj;j(ty Hi.o $7,7 .37056

n.fiOO <>. X.V'01 57i5

W u w Fu log ROD gd u
w P./ lou sin ail u loo oaogdii
loo Ian u<l

SMITKHQNIAN TABUB
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Function!).

ion Inn gd n

SMITHSONIAN TACLKB

32
 I.(>Kimthmn of Hyperbolic Funclions.

loll ninli ii
ll>Q 1 11 II ll II
1(1(1 Cotll

5 '.

5", 7

5",. I

i
5i .

7<W-7
.7(1(110 I'M
.
7(1(1(1,11

|H,7

.7/11115

.i.'iiO

Hy 1,1,1 M-'S

.()(),:

.<M .77^55

<).77 *i" l

,77<J.|7 .(",0 'I'M

-77' CM .15,0

0.7110

Ion (an oil u w I'V loo sno (jtf u w IV lou tn ail u w ft/ log oeo ml n

SMITMONIAN TAHLKO
33
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Kumitimiii.

9.88000
.88072
.88.44
.88216
,88287

0.705 9-88351)
.706 .88430
.707 .88502
.708 .88573
.700

9.8S7I5
.88785
.88H57
.881)28

9-85070 70,8
.80141 70,7 lOJJJ [

.89211 70,6 1
03 jo
.80282 70,5 KM- 71

8-H52 70,5 10374

70,4
70,3
-89563 70,3
-89634 70,2
.85704 7o,i

0-725 70,0
,726
70,0
.727 "9,9
.728 69,8
720 69,8

9-00123
.90193
.90263
-90332
.90402

9.90471 69,4
90540 69,3
.90610 69,2
.90670 60,2
.90748

9.90817 69,0
.90886 69,0
-90955 68,9
.91024 68,8
.91002 68,8

9.9H6i
0.11079
91230 27,5
. 1 1 10!)
.91298 -7,5
.11134 -7.5
.91367
.9M36 27,5
27.()

loo Ian od u

SMITHSONIAN TABUS
 of Hyperbolic Functions.

OMITHHOMIAN TABU*
35
Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.
 ].o,;nrilhiiui of Hyperbolic Functions.

'mi on nli Ion lunli u

(i.lS-105

log (an oil u rv lOQ 8(10 (](l II r>' lou ain uit u Ing CUD oil u
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABLKB
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Function!),

on liooh u llJII Illllll U ,0 f Ion cutli II

.
1,10(J3

.
1,1010

I), I)' Ml
o.uHj?
.(j'll

.'JIM . 1
-775
iy) .1-7-1!)
.12723

3 -VI -'5, 7
,V,5 *S,7
!S,'>

-'5,5

<)-H7,|,u
4'i

-Hypo;

iS.i
.[Ml.|)l JS,

o.iMiUi

.H77SH

O.I2I|)3

.121.13
.Uiiiy
2-1,5

2.1.5 0. li'0/0
.^7055 .imis
2.L1 .U'OJI
2.1,3
.11072

a.i,3 0. ll')|fi

.Ifl't ,13.<> 2.|,r

33.0 .HSl(H) 2.|, I

. i7JM 33." 2.|,0

33,1 2.|,U

0-iHH.VJ 33,1 o.nHjH

FY u py 010 U
loo tun Inu din Qll
...
oil ii oil lOfl
ItiU lltll U'l V
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABUS
40
 of HyporhoHc Functions.

nu 1105)1 u OQ liinh u 0(1 ODtll 11

.
uidlij;
. iod-17

S5.4 . iodo.1

o, 1058,1
.
10561
.
105.10
. in.'fji

.10-155

.ia| 13
,8-j(po

34.-! 0.10371
3-I.J . 10350
.14-1 .8ij'i7i
.11,3 20,8 .
10308
.Jlld.l 3 1,3

1*0,7

34.3
3-1,3
s i,y 34,3
34,4 .10184

54.1) 34,1 20,5 o.K)ld'4

S I,') 34.1
31, t

5l! 34,4
.14,8 34,4

34,4
o-ioofu
34,5
.
ioo| i

. Kin.'i
34,5
.1(11101
54,7 34.5
,11,7 34,5

0.2171,1 34.5
.H'j ,,51748 3-1,5
L'0,0

[]]8t7 .Of):H
I'M)
iil.'f!

o.-!i88li 3 1/ I9,!
I.IWyO
,nui , jiyji 34,' MW
.aii/55 34.* .I/) 1/
.00801
39,7

34.7
31,7 .09742
.11,7 "9,'
5-1..1
10,' .oi)7o!
.IHJ8 M.3 3-1,

34,7 io,,'
,0-Ji) S-I.J

34.H IftS O/V v\J\ i \f\/\r<.*

1. Kilt

" log eln u Ion osou'l

lot) Inn oil n lou nno oil P,,' oil

SMITHSONIAN
Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.
 of Hyperbolic Functions.

ion cosli u loo Innli u lull ontli u

35.5 17,6
35,5 17,6 .087 jo
"7,5 .0870.1
5,1,0 .OMI5 "7,5 .08^185
5.1.o 0133^ 17,5

0.08:150
17,4
17,3
17,3 .08508
5 ',<>
17.3 .08581

35,7 0.01.136
.S.i.'J 35,7 01-154 .085.16
35,7 01471 17,.;
35,7 17,1 .08512
i!k 35,7 .01505 17,1

17,1
015.10 17,0
'7,0 .084.14
-Di 573 17,0
5J.7 l6,0 .08. 10
1

;;-',7

.083,1
16,8

35.0 1 6,7
35,')
35,!> if 1,7 .08.176
35,0 .017-11 l6,(i

35,0 OI75K i(i,(i

16,6
I <',5
.in 807
.08176
.OlK|0 1(1,4 .08160

0.170^) 16,4 0.08143

16,3
" ',3
.08004
.08078

1, t'/O 0.17,1
.KM .17.M3 3'M
3'M
5J.J
16, i
. ID i

I ,
HJ.S Ui, i 0.071^1
.0^035
.107 1 6,0
.07033
I5,!J .07!) 1 7

l. T !00 o.o7<;oi

II Inn Inn utl u tDQ DUO Qll U W fif lou gin uil ii loooaoqihi

SMITHBONIAH
43
Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

44
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

ulnli u OOH!) log tanli u luu ootli ii

.117117
.07 in.j

0.0707.1

.07018

.11(1715

.0^67.1

.of 15, a i

.11(1515
.of 1
.0(1.

(I..!0|'i7

og Inn oil Oil II F.,' lou alit ml u F,/ (no OBO oil u

SMITKSONIAH
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TAPLES
 of Hyperbolic lAmctkms.

nluli Ion cosh u Ion tnnli u w Fu'

-.15'

-.15,1

I.. 155 o., 115.11 H.6 0.05XWV

.05776
35X u,(i .05X05
.05X5.1
..150 .
057-1 J

n,5
..MX?" .057 i(J

.05X"X

I..105 !>!). 1.1^

11,4
1
1.3 .05650
1 1. 3

ioJjOJH

1..170 H.,1 0.05(116

-,1X1 n,;: .05' 'i >5
-.17.' 11,1!

37.1 ,1.!.!,;; II,.!

..17-1 -05571

0,05560
.05540
.055.1^

0.05505
M..1
M.l
OS-I7J

.M.i 0-05450
..1.7 JS 3H.3 .054.10

.05417
.0540(1

0.05,!')'''

M4
Ml
Mil .05,15-!

1'M 10,7

.a??//' I'J," 10,7 .05.131,

-.11 MX 10,7
,t),|ft()0 10,6 .05310
-I'M 10,6

I.. 100 Ms 10,6'

* lounno
too Inn oil n log sin od it I

SMITHOOHUN TABLEB
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
48
 Logarithms of Ilypcrholic Functions.

la cosh u lau In nli u

o. .1511X1

.35.7-1
-.15.11,1

05,101

0-05.1H
,10,0 05.1-'"

-05.1.10

0.95.15B

30. "

-OSI.'iO

0-05-105

.0551.1
,10,-' .055-'-.'

30,-' -955.H

.055.10

05567
0557''

,10,.!

.10,-! -0550:1
.10.-!

.10..1

101

..IXi'X.l .05(155
.,1711.!

I . <!00 o-.iX'S 1

u I
oi) Inn u<! n F,,' Fl/ loo aln (|<I "

SMITHSONIAN TABUB
49
Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

loo slnli u "I IV IOQ ooah ii

loo Id nil u IV lop outli ii

0.3SJU
.551 3.V5-S -I7.5 .yfiojj.! 7,*
55"! .00101)
55.1 35353 17,5 ,<X'noS
554 35.KH 17,5

1.555 47,5 7.H o.n;i){77

55" 47,5 7,7
557 3554.1 47,5 7,7
47,5 7,7
55!> 47,5 7,7

1.5(10 47,4 7,7

35733 17,4 .9(1170 7,7
.50.! 357*0 17,4 3'Xxi.l ,<J!H 77 7,7
47,4
.17,4

47,4 7/i o.o.lHno

47,4 7,<>
47,4 7,('
47,4 7/' .0.1777
5<>0 17,4 7,5

r.570 17,4 7,5 0.0,176 j

.57' 17,4 7,5 0.175.1
47,3 7,5 .o,)747
.573 .17.3 7,5
.574 47,;i 7,5

1.575 47,3 7,5

57" 47,3 7,4
577 17,3
57* 17.3 7,4
57'J 17,3 7,4

47,3 7,4
47,3 7,4
47,3 7,4
.17.3 7,3
.5l '.All-' 7,,)

7.3
.405(10 !/M57 7,3
i^7 17-! 7.3

* 370H
.37058 47,'-!
00371 7,3
7,3

0.37105 IJMi o. 407(0

SO" 47,.!
'17,-!
503 47,'!
501

1.505 0.373H '17.3

W
SUM
.37*135
17.ii

47i i 'XM43 7J 0,1557

SOD 47. i O'MSO 7,1 OJ5SO
1 ,600 0-37577 7,1 0.0.15,13

II Ing (nn qil u "IV loo tin nil u luu oso (tihi

TAHLEB
Logarithms of Hyperbolic Function!!.
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

Ion 1 till 11 lull cnali u

loo Innh u ootli u

O..{<JiJ 'I
(i.4

.('53
.('54 .031X0

rv) 0.03173
(',3 .031(17
.('5X .031(10
03154
.0.114**

0.031-12
.1.157,1 03135
.03 jy i

I.dd'i
.ddd

.Mo .03085

I. (170 1(1,5 0.03070

.(.71 .03073
.030(17

6,1 o.030,|y
030,13
.0303(1
03030

i.fiHfi -10,5 fi,o 0.03018

AS i .03012
.tiilj ,0300!)
.03000
!dH|

0.44544 10,5 6,0

445^5 ,1,170 1 K
,|)70J.|
071130 .OJ070
07036 .OJi/i.1

5,9
.!>7<M7
.(*>.!

.(M UTOOS

0.07071 S,!)

.0707;
.O.MJI7
.02011

0-4515.1

Inn tnn uil ii Pi/ lOU BOO Oil 11 Intjilnai! u tag oso oil u

6MITHHOHIAN
53
Logarithms of Hyperbolic I'imcliomi.

54
 LoKnrlthmti of Hyperbolic Functions,

lou nlnh 11 (ID UOtili Ion Innli it (d Fo' a cotii u

5,3
.-17-i.ii

-4X-72

47354 .02fX)3

5,2 0.0259!!
.97.108

-17559 .02*577

5,1 0.02572
97-133
-974.19
1)7444
.| 1,0

9-97454 0.02546
97459

.02531
.1)7-17-1 .02526

5,o 0.02521
.02516
.02511

074W

41,0 5,o

.9751-1
'97519
97534

-li.o 9.97529 4,9 0,02471

97531 ,02.|fi6

9753!)
9754-1 .02456
975-19 .02451
.7*1

4 il 9-1)7554 0.02.146
.97559 .024..
975<>4 ,02436
.02.133
.
yHM
1)757.1 .02427

9-975X8 4,8 0.02422

.024 '7
.02,

-
9759.1 .0.2407
-97597 .02403
X'Ji

4,8
1. 70.1 '15.D
.023W
,02;lKli
.02,^3
.97(121 .02379

(MCW.li .n.i 4,8 O.OJ37'

I.KlKl

w no *' P' |o c "'" i"1 " w

M loe lin gil u fa' log oil

BMITHBONIAN TABLE a
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Function!!,

0.47.P5
-17.37'

-(7-M.7
.4740;)
47.TO

SMITHSONIAN TAPLEO
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functlond.
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

8MITHKONIAH
59
 of Hyperbolic J-'imcliom:.
Logarithms
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

II Ion slnh u Ino cosh u loa tnnli u F

'
Ion cotli u

j.osu
051 01437
.05-! .01-134
.053 597' >7 .98569 .01.131
.054 .01-128

2,9 0.01425
.056 3,8
.057
.058 .01.117
.051) .01-11.1

i!.0(H)
2,8 0.01411
.U(U
.1)850,: ,oi.|o!i
.06.!
-98595 .014115
.063 f.*8507 .01403
.004 .08(100 .01.100

13,1 0.01397
.0(1(1 .611314
.067 .01391
.01385;
,060 .01386

;!.O7O O.i)8''i 17 2,8 0.01383

.071 .605J,| .01380
.(jo$6(t .01378
,(x)fk)8 .01.175
.
(Joo'so 2,7 .01372

13,1 2,7 o.
.611734 .0136'?
.60777 .01364
.01361
,y8();|3 .01358

O..WS-IX o.fkxjo.l '12, 1 2,7 0,OU5(>

.013.13

.013.18
.61071 .013.15

0.50771 o. ("m 13 2,7 0.01342

.01340
.01337
.Ctl2,|0 .01334

3.000 0.61324 2,7

.01)1
3,6 .01324
.01321
.oKlito .01318

0.615.15 .12,1 a,6 0.01316

.01577 .OI3M
.01.110
.61 (if 1 1 ,oi;K>8
.61703 .01305

8. .1-1,8 0.61745 0,01303

u loo Inn oil u iu Fo' lousnn ml u log sin ml u

SMlTHiONIAN TAB UK 8
Logarithms of Hyperbolic FumMionsi.

ION

lOQ ClOUdU
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Function!;,

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

lull nlnh tl Inn oosli 11 IHQ Innh u |0(]

1,9

1.9

.(KKJ.1I

I-!.. ) 1,9

1,8
.(Xrffc)K
. ft/it i(t
.dHSi,

l-'.li

.Will

.701.11
.70177 .01)133 1,7

M..1 9.01)127 1,7

ii lou tnn oil u P,,' log i no ml u logalnud u loooto atl u

SMITHIIOHIAN
 1
Logarithm,) of Hyperbolic Kimciioiw,

SMITHSONIAN TABLCS
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITMOONIAH TAHLKU
Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

68
 of Hyperbolic Functions.

slnli ii loo co ah u loo Innh u ID ii coth u

9-W.153

.7075i
5-1

i,3

o.on()3.|

.WJ375

if")

.(HlIlK)

0.77fyl o.ooo't.s
777.1-1 V.I, |

7777X >!>M

170 ,()!)() 10

1,0 o. 771:0.' t 1,3

-77W1
7H03-I
77-17,)

.!<!

!|8f<

77'KJ3 .oosyH

0.783.1-1 y-w-io.1 1,2

,77781 .7^77

77MU 7*505

1,2 o.no S) I

,7^ HI I W'l'O
.780,15 .W-lir
.
78081 j .7*177 !<x>}jNH

-IW .7" 133 7N7'!>

.13.8

u Ion Inn ml u w ft? logianod u log dn nil u Fu' lOOOSOflllll

SMITIIBONIAN TAOUK*
Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions!.

70
 Logarithm!) of Hyperbolic Functions,

Ion nlnli u Ion cosh u loa tntili u loa catli ii

'-.W (>.8iM77 1,1

-531

IWI75

1,0

.OD5-U
.005.!!

"Ml.US 1,0 O.OO.iIiJ

I
.."ill

..Id,!
.00517
.OO5IO
5'ij
.00515

1,0 O.O05I.1
.
jinn Hi.HIM .005I3
,HI(I,K) ,()II51J
,81(178 .0051!
.Hi.;i
,00510

1,0 O.00500
.00508
.
57 J .00507
5/.1 .005(/i
.57-1 00505

J.575 1,0 O.0050.|

.HI sn .0050.1
.577 ,8.!0(t5 .00502
.00501
i&ns'i ,00500

o.H.niJi 1,0 0.00,]OQ

.oo.|j8
.(Kl|l)7

1,0
-5H'i W507
,8j(KU
!<iH8 K.J5.17
.58(; ,8 jo; jo

1,0
.(X l.|8

.00187
.oo.|8o'
wins
1.1,9
1,0
WS'7
507 .8. .J1JA( 13,1)

ooiHl
SW .H3010 .oo.]8o

-13,9 0.83053 13.0 1,0

Ing Inn ud it loa iao at! u Ing tin oil u lag BIO fid u

SMITHSONIAN
Logarithms of Hyperbolic 1'iinctioiui.
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
73
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic l''mictionn.

IHI.jMl

!.{("*>

"".I' '7

0,7

N r-/ loa cso ad u

SMITHSONIAN TABUB
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TARLEB
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Fdnclion

a '^ -<M525
. ,13,7 0.03816
11
IOQ ton git u I
w FU'

SMITHSONIAN TABUKS
 LouurHhmH of Hyperbolic Functions!,

IDU nlnli 11
Ion tnnli u u OOtll U
Fu' }(J

1.1,1 0,6 O.OOJJjl

!(jo]i<8

.1.1.1 o.ooaSW

.1XJ7I-I

.(.)( )7l(i

.(JU7I7

l.i.l

.Nftf

.OO-'I'O
i.Htxj
,(x.ufta

.Kyi i

in*! .(KU77

-K75

'$7

a. Mi O.t^IIO o,5
.KKi
.MM,!

i.HHS I.1.7

.(10J70
.').<MM ,(!(),! 70

lnKy 051'W

1.1.

'107,1,1
.05715 W7.ll

I.V 1.1,3 0,5

V)7.V> ,002ft. |
-05W I/J7.17 .OOjftj

2.1;* m o. 057 ii 1,1.7 0.0507-1 1.1.2 0.007.^7 0,5 0,00263

tt loo tnti oil u loo son od u log 010 od u

9MITH80MIAN
Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABUS
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

.; I

,nn,;iix
. ( ii ).;

.(XIKJIJ

1,022
.026
.031
0,15
.0400.

1.044, I. 04610
.0487 .05049
-053 .05481
057-
,o5 iS

1.0052 435
.0705 435
0749 435,
435,
435,

1.0879 435-
.0923 435,
.09670 43S,
.1010 435,
1054. 43S/

i 10077 .
435 f -133,0
'.11413 435/ .11541 433,0
.11849 435 f .11974 433,0
. 1228. -135,5 .
U407 133,
.
12720 435,5 .
12X40 133, 1

1. 13155 435,5
.13591 435,5 .1370:1
.
14026 435,4 .14139
.
14461 435,4 14573
14897 435,4 .1500:)

435',.

435,3
435,3
435.3
435,3

r .
17509 435,3 133,3
-
17944 '135.2
133,3
18370 435,2 133,
435,2 133,.
1
435,- 133,-

435,2 133,
.20120 435,2 133,
20555 135,1
133,5
.20900 '135, 1
133,5
.21425 135,1
133,5
,<X)OS[

133.5
0.00070
Fg' I
log aln nil u
lOUCBDDlht
SMITHSONIAN TABLES
 of Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHDONIAN TAPUO
 Logarithms of Hyperbolic Functions.

II
slnli u loa oosh u '
tea tnnli u FU lou oiith u

4-OQ I
1.43600 434,6 | i.43<>2<J 434,0 9-9997" O.dl )(),!(
j |

oi .44035 .44063 .(Xiii.:(

.02 .44469 44497 I I
-9997-
1
.IXMUJ
.03 .44904 1-1031
I
| I .09973 o,5 .U(HI.!7
45339 -9997,1 .UIKU7
r.45773 1.45799 434,0 9-99974
.Of) .46208 4623.!
.07 ,46642 434,5 -466f>8
| | | .yyo7S
.08 47077
.09 475H .47536 I
434,1 I
.,^,,70

4.10 -479-Ki 434,5 1-47970

|
434,1 9-9997'i
,ll
.48.10.1 '
I
.yyj >77
.12 .48815
'

.48838 .11IK).!,)
.13
.14
.49249
.49684
49272 I I .
W (,7({
4970(1

4-15 1.50118 434,5 1.50140 434,1 9.90078

.50553 50574
17 .50987 .51008
.18 .51422 514 .(HMIJO
.51856 .51876 .(KHUO
4,20 1.52291 434,5 I.523IO 434,1
.21 52725 52745
.22 .53160 .53170
.23 53594
.24 5-1029 54047 .IHNI1

4-25 434,5 I.5448I 434J o.oooSj

'"
.26 .54898
'

.54915 .IKHII
.27 5S332 55349
.28 .55767 .55783
.29 .56201 .56217

4-30 1.56636 434,5 1.56653 434,1 0.99984

31 .57070 | | 0,fMMM(
.32 57505 434,4 I ,S75ao I I
.ymrtr
-33 -57939 57954 .o<V>8s
34 58373 S388 I
,'^l
I

4-35 1,58808
.36 59242
434,4 |
1.58822 |
4 M tl
0,3
--,.- 434,2
37 5067; .59691
,

.38 .fain .60125

.(HXII,
39 .60546 .tKXII.
.60559 I
.09987 I.KXI1
|

4.40 i
,60980 434,4
|
1.60993 434.3
.41 .61414
-OS**/
.43 f.$? I

43 .62283 ifcS
I I -VW 7 -

44 .62718 0,3
.62730

4-45 1.63153 4S '

M 434 8 '
Qmm O.OOOIJ
.63587 I

^asS I I

.00013
.64021 .6.1033
.48 64455 .ooorr
.64467
49 .64890 .6,(9or
.(XX) 1 1

4-50 1.65324 6 5335

j 34 " 1
|
T -

|
434,2 0.00980 0,3 a.ooon
w Fu' loo tin oil u I M
 of Hyperbolic Functions.

ISHlTHflOHIAH TABLI8
Logarithms of Hyperbolic Function!).

84
 of Hyperbolic Funcllons.

1l)U iilllll II oua\\ u loo 111 jili u I

an coth ii

u.txxioi
.(M)OO t
.OOlX) I
.(XJOOI
,(JOOO:l

1.11-3 O.OIXXJI

.(II KK)[
.110(101
.OIKXM

l.,1 13-1,3 0. 0001) I

.OOOII1

a. 1 5-7.1 I;11 .3 O,(XKK)I

0,0
,onni)i
-Ol'KKII
.OOIKH
.(KKH)I

l.lt.3 a. 17.1-15 134,3 o.onnoi

0,0
.tKHMH
.onnoi
WWW .(KltK)I
.(H)OOI

WWW
.0004)1
.,!()*) MJ .litiOOI
.-'135,1 .(X10O1

1 3-1.3 0. *)!!)! W 0,0 O.OOIKII

.(K10OI
.(K10OI
.(K)OOI
.MI

IJ-1.3 111.3 0,0 n. of Kirn

.Mi .(KKK)I
./ .(KI(K)I
.MM OfNKll
.K.J ,OOOO1

5. 'JO .13-1,3 0,0 O.OOOOI

Ml ,<XXKH
.OOCXJI
7.1.11
,O(XH)I

'13-1.3 13-1,3 0,0 O.OOCKH

.(X)
.1*7 ,<XKK1I
.tXJCHII
,0<KK>I

a. 3-l W 411.3 -MI.3 0,0 o.oooor

Inn u OQ SOO 0(1 11

w fj tna sin ail u loooaoutl ti
Off (id

BMITMHONIAH TAHLCB
 TABLE II

NATURAL HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

 Natural Hyperbolic K

0.0005 0.00050

0.0015 0.00150

0.0020 0.00200

0.00.10 0.00,700

0.00,15 0.00,150

o.oo.jo 0.00400

0.0045 0.00.150

0.0050 0.00500

Inn

SMITHSONIAN TAB tea

 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

.on!)

. 1 11 iSi i

O.O(X)<1

0.0100

SMITHSONIAN TAUUEO
89
 Natural Hyperbolic Funcllona,

n.mtoo
.(Him
.01 I ,,'0

.011,10
.011.10

,01170
.01180
.OIIU)

o,r o. oi.ioo i<v) 7o'. j;

SMITHSONIAN TABUS
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABLE*
Natural Hyperbolic Function!!.
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABLCO
 Natural Hyperbolic Kiinctionfl.

SMITHSONIAN TABLM

94
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABLK
95
Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

96
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHBONIAN TAIILEB
Natural Hyperbolic Functions.
 Natural Hyperbolic Functlona,

SMITHSONIAN TABU*.
99
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions,

si nil u ooali u IV iniili u r,,

j

10,0 1.00180 1(1,0

0.0605 0.06054 10,0 1.00183

.o(bd .060(14 .0018-!
.0607 .00184
.0608 .00185
.0609 .00185

o,o6ro o. of) io.| 10,0 1.001%

.0611 .06114 .00187
.0(112 .0(>124 .001,8;
.061. .00188
.0614 .00181;

0.0615 0,06154 '0,0 1.00180

.(Kinjo .<)(>[ 52
.0617 .06174 ,OOM;O .OlH(t2
.0618 .0618-1 .0011)1 .0(117.!
-o6ry .06104 .00102 -0(U8.!

0.0620 0.06204 10,0 I.OOUJ2

.ofL>r

.00104
.00104

0,0625 10,0 i.oori)5

.O(iiJf)
0,0' I
0.06242 10,0
.ooii/i 0625 2
.

.0627 .OOHJ7 . o: >.'.t 12

.only? .06272
.06282
o 0630
.
0.06304 10,0 I.OOH;<) Oi r, 0.06202
,{)(\lt
15.8'))
l

.o(i,t*
i>. i:)
.00200
'.'i-'Hi
ofi.1.1 .00200
15.81*1
.063.] .<X)20!
15-7'M
o. 0,135
10,0 [ I.0020.I
.0636 .OO202
.0637 .06374 .00203
.0638 .OO2O4
.0630.1
,063,'

0.0(1.104 10,0 r. 002115 0/i

I
I O.O(i,l<H
.06414 ,00.!()6 .(Hi,
.06424 .00206
.06434 .
00207
.06444 .00207

0/1 j
11.06441
.06.
.0(1.

,06,

0.0650 I 0.06505

Inn (id u

I
IMl'^.*

SMITHSONIAN TAQLES
ICX)
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

alnli u coali u '> F,,' Innli u F,/ OOtll 11 Fu'

). 0(150, o.od.ii)! 10,0

is.-vf
.06501
r
.0(151 IS.!lS!)
-M.-1

-'3,3

(',7 10,0
.OO.J 1 5

.(165(11
,
oo.il/
.< 1(1580

10,0 10,0 15.17.1

15.151

15.105

l.OOJJI 10,0 iS.ofk)

.OOJ.U 15- ".17
.(HUJ.l 15.015
,00.!.!.! .
odd/o
.06680

10,0 o.ooYiyo 10,0

od'/oo
.06710 I.I .1/13
L|.HHr 22 f>
.00730 2J,0

10,0 10,0 T-I.H.17

.().!'()

.06/70 a i ,/

.0(1/0,1 .od/Ho

10,0 1.00^31 o,7 10,0 1.I-73.)

1.1./07
-if ,5
a l
,4

10,0 10,0
.00.1,15 i,|.6oo
.ooj;(d

.0^1870 1-1.537

10,0 o,7 10,0

o.ofigo
.0601
.IK).!, ]0
M.-1S.1 i!0,K
.OO.MO
20,7

10,0 10,0 2f>,7

n.ofio5
X'O/
.061)6
1.1..1/0 a i/
.!*'*)/
.ofk>M
.06971)

0,7 10,0 I-l-.W) 20..

0.0700 o.o/nofi 10,0

u w Fu' 100 oil u w Fu' till Qll U Fu' cao oil u

u Inn fltl

SMITHHONIAH TAIILKII
101
Natural Hyperbolic Functioim,

102
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN
103
 Natural Hyperbolic

SMITHBONIAN TADLKS
104
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
105
Natural Hyperbolic Function:!.

106
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TAML
Natural Hyperbolic Fmictioiitt.

108
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
109
 Natural Hyperbolic FunclionH.

SMITHBONIAN
1 10
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
1 12
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHBOMIAN
113
 Natural Hyperbolic Functloiifi.

SMITHOONIAN Tanua
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

116
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

Blnli u co all ti !=' tnnli u doth u

0.550 0.578)5 I- IS5IO 573 0.5005 a 1.0970

.551 57.9 .501.7 7-1 ,'J 99lj
[
r;,O 5H.it 7-1,8
!sKio,! 1
5,7 50J77 7-1,7
"5.7 157-1 -'
7-1/>

I . IS* 0.50. |
afi 7-1/i
5.10 58,5
557 5o]i75 7-M
558 rO.o 5^7 7-1.3 -1) 7-1-

.58857 1
lO,(> 7-1.3 28,0

0.58! 17.1 I
16, I 1. 50,( T.ofiHfi
1 Kl,3 . ioi 5.1 Wf>57
5<>.!05 I Id,.! . Kit i.:
7-1.0
50,1 i if ',3 28..I
7-1,0
Ji'>l38 -10,131 73.9 28,3

0.505 0.595S-I 0.51 rf iS 73.8 8,2

16,5 73.7 28,1
1W 73,7 0.187
.51389 73,0
<K),0 73,5

".51530' 73,. I
I .0104
.57" 00,3 7.1.- 1

57-i 73,3 93-19 a7.-t

.17.1 a7..1

57-1 73! J

0.575 117,0 I .l(kjc>.! (H),7 73. T I.93(i7 a?, i

117,1 73,0 .'J3.IO

577 117,1 ,1711.1
f' n '7.1 ,1717-1
7-!,B .9159

0.58(1 0X1 2(i,6

.581 H7,| a'i.5

M7,l ,17-1 -to

,17181 .1X153
ny,5 .175-13 (h,8 ,yoJ7

o.fiiHut ,
17003 i.|;otir
.(>.!() I J 1
17,7 ,170:17 (JJ.O .8i)75
R87 .0-JI.1U 117,7 O.!,l ,H'i.|i)

(U,.! 7-M 8.A1

o.ftjo J.H873

-
5(>J 53 '33
71,7 .8795
'MM , 18107 03,0 is3277 .8770

0.505 0-533.1B 1,87.15

S9-i 53-iao 7',5 ,
87*1
-
597 18350 o!u .
53-191 7M .8;)5
5350J 7U3
!
iai83 0^5 M
, ,8

0.600 0-53705 I , Hfiao 2.1,7

liH,5

u Inn 100 fill 11 Fo' lilt Q<l U aao nJ u

oil i!

SMITHBONIAN
Natural Hyperbolic Functiomi.

118
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TAB LEO

119
 Natural Hyperbolic Function!?.

SMITHBONIAN TADLKB
120
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABV.KB
121
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHBQNIAN TAOU
123
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHBONIAN TABU*
123
Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

124
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions,

SMITHHONIAN
125
Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

126
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABLE*
127
Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

128
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions,

SMITHSONIAN TABLKB
129
Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

130
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABLM
Natural Hyperbolic Functions.
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions,

elnli u cosh u lanh u ooth u

u

1.350 1.79909 206 2.05833 180 0.87405 23,6 1.1441

.35' .80115 206 .06013 1 80 .87429 23,6 .1438
206 180 .87452 23.5 1435 3,1
.352 .80321 .06194 .

2O6 181 .87476 23,5 .1432 3,1

353 .805^8 .06374
.354 .80734 207 .06555 181 I .87499 23,4 1429
.

181 I 1426 3.1

1.355 :.80341 207 2.05735 I
0.87523 23,4 .

.06916 181 .87546 23,4 .1423 3,o

35'' .81148 207
181 -87570 23,3 .1419 3,o
.357 207 .07098
182 .87593 23,3 .1416 3,0
.35* .81562 207 .07279
182 .87616 23,2 .1413 3,0
.359 .81769 207 .07461 I

208 182 0.87639 23,2 1,1410 3,0

1 .
360 1.81977 2.07643 I

208 182 .87662 23,2 .1407 3,o

.361 .83184 .07825
208 182 .87686 23,1 .1404 3,0
.362 ,08007
208 183 .87709 23,1 .1401 3,o
.363 . 8:2600 .08190
23,0 .1398 3,0
3f>4 ,82809 208 .08372 183 1 .87732

183 0.87755 23,0 I .

1395 3,o
1. 365 1.83017 2CX) 2.08555 [

183 .87778 23,0 .1392 3,o

.366 .83226 209 .08738
183 .87801 22,0 .1389 3,0
3<>7 .83435 209 .08922
.87824 22,9 .1386 3,0
.368 .83644 2OO .09105 184
22,8 .1384 3,0
.369 .83853 209 .09289 184 .87846

22,8 1.1381 3,0

1.370 i .84052 209 2.09473 184 0.87869
.87892 22,7 .1378 2,9
371 ,84272 210 .09657 184
22,7 .1375 2,9
.84482 210 .00841 184 .87915
.372 2,9
2IO ,10026 185 .87937 22,7 .137=
-373 .84691 2,9
210 .10211 185 .87960 22,6 .1369
374 .84902 |

22,6 1.1366 2,9

1.85112 210 2.IO396 185 0,87983
"~
1.375 I

.1363 2,9
211 .10581 185 22,6
.376 .85322 ,

2,9
211 . 10766
186 .88028 22,5 .1360
377 .85533 2,9
211 186 ,88050 22,5 .1357
.378 .85744 . 10952
186 22,4 .1354 2,9
211 I .88073
.371) .85955

186 o. 22,4 2,9

1.380 i. 86166 211 2.II324
i85 22,4 .1348 2,9
212 .11510 .88117
'.381 .86378 .1346 2,9
212 .1 1697 187 .88140 22,3
3fij .80589 .1343 2,9
212 .11883 187 .8816 22,3
.383 ,858o 2,9
187 .8818 22,2 .1340
3B-1 .87013 212 ,12070 I

0.8820 22,2 I. 1337 2,9

212 2.12257 187 1

I.3S 1.8722
.8822 22,2 .1334 2,8
.8743 212 .12445 187
.386 188 -8825 22,1 .1331 2,8
.387 .87650 213 .12632 !

2,8
12820 .8827 22,1 .1328
.388 .8786 213 ,
2,8
188 .8829 22,0 .1326
.389 .8807 213 .13008 I

22,0 1.1323 2,8

2.13:96 188 0.8831
1-390 1.88289 213 2,8
180 .8833 22,0 .1320
.8850 213 .13385 2,8
301 .8836 21,9 .1317
214 .13573 189
392 .8871 21,9 .1314 2,8
13762 189 .8838
393 .8892 214 .
.1312 2,8
.8840 21,8
.8914 214 .
13951
.394
21,8 I.I309 2,8
214 2.141-40 i8g
1.395 1.8935 21,8 .1306 2,8
214 .14330 190
.39"" .8957 21,7 .1303 2,8
14520 190 .8847
.397 .89786 215 .
2,8
100 .8849 21,7 .1300
.90000 215 .14709
.398 .885 21,7 .1298 2,8
,0021 215 .14900 190
.399
21,6 1.1295 2,8
215 2.15090 roo 0.885
1.9043
..... -"
*> sin gd w Fo' cso ad u
sec oil u
ton ad

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
133
Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

134
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions,

8MITHHQNIAN
135
Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

136
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN
137
Natural Hyperbolic Functions,

138
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

si nil EI ft)' cosh u lanh u coth u

.650 i.50746 270 2.69951 251 O.Q2SS5 1.0766

.651 .51017 .
7Q202 251 I .92899 .0764
.632 .51287 .70454 .92913 .0763
.653 -5I5S7 .70705 .92927 .0761
.654 .51828 70957 .92940 ,0760

l,f)55 2,52099 271 2.71209 252 I

0.92954 1.0758
.656 .52371 .71461 252 .92968 .0756
.657 .52642 .71713 253 -92981 -0755
.52914 .7IQ56 253 -92995 .0753
.658
.659 .53186 .72219 253 I
-93008 .0752

i.65o 2.53459 272 2.72472 253 I 0.93022 1.0750

.661 53731 72726
. 254 -93035 .0749
.662 .54004 .72980 254 -93049 .0747
.54277 .73234 254 -93062 .0746
.663
.54551 .73489 255 .93075 .0744
.664 |

274 2.73743 255 0.93089 1.0742

i.65s 2.54824 I

.73998 255 -93102 .0741

.666 .55098
.74253 255 -93II5 .0739
.667 .55372
.74509 256 .93129 .0738
.668 .55647
.74765 256 .93142 .0736
.669 .55921 |

2.75021 256 0.93155 1.0735

1.670 2.56196 275 I

.75277 256 .93168 .0733

.671 .56471
257 .93182 .0732
.672 .56747 .75534
75791 257 .93195 .0730
.67-3 .57022
257 .93208 .0729
.674 .57298 .76048 I

2.76305 258 0.93221 1.0727

1.675 2.57574 276 j

.76563 258 -93234 .0726

.676 .57851
|

258 .93247 .0724

.677 .58127 .76821
258 .93260 .0723
.678 .58404 -77079
259 .93273 .0721
.679 .58682 .77338 I

259 0.93286 1 .0720

1. 680 2.58959 278 2.77596 I

259 .93299 .0718

.681 .59237 .77856
260 .93312 .0717
.682 .59515 .78115
a5o .93325 .0715
.683 59793 ,78375 .

260 .93338 .0714

.684 .60072 .78535 I

260 0-93351 1.0712

1.685 2.60350 279 2.78895 I

261 .93364 .0711

.686 .60629 279 .79155
2f)I .93376 .0709
.68? .60909 279 .79416
26l .93389 .0708
.683 .61188 280 .79677
26l .93402 .0706
.689 .61468 280 .79938 |

1.690 2.61748 280 2.80200

.691 ,62028 .80462
.692 ,62309 .80724
.693 .
.62590 .80987
.62871 .81249
.694

1.695 2.63152 282 2.81512

.696 .63434 .81776
.82039 93503
.697 .63716
.82303 .93516
.698 .63008
.82567 .93528
.699 .64280

2.64563 283 2.82832

1.700
sin ad u
tanod u Fo' sec ad u

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

140
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSOMIAN
 Natural Hyperbolic Knnctioiis,

SMITHSONIAN TAP LEO

142
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHONIAN TABUH
143
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

.33337
917 | .33fi74
9'8
9"9 I
.33369

1-920 3-337IH

937
93
939 .40,107

942 |
..[i.[o.i

9-14 I
.43176

I -945 | 3.42532

9-17 I
.43347

1-950 3-44321
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHBONIAN
145
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

a -025. I 3-72205
.025
027 I
.72077
.73364
~'y i -73750

SMITHBONIAN
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SHITHBONIAH TAOLICB
147
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

4.04203
.04680
05097
.05514
.05032

1.18.17.1
.18881
.
I9-'88
.io(io.5
.20103

4.08-1.18
.08868
.09289
.09711
JO 1 33

10555
-

10978
.

.11401
.11825
.12240

.24617 0.07107
.25029 -07103
.25413 .07108
-07-!<M

.20685
.27100
.27516
.27932
.283.18

4.10040
17360
.17798
. 18228
.
18658

4.21240
.31682
.22115
.22549 97307
.22984 073 1"1
97317
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABLE*
149
 Natural Hyperbolic Functiono.

.6675,
n. 9778 1
.67.203
.67680 .97785
977* xi
.68158
.68637 97704
9779H
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TAULKB
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

a. .110
Jf

.0077
3M 5.00J8
314 I ."070
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
153
 Natural Hyperbolic FunclionH.

.70658
.98156
71783 .98459

5.72346 564 .1.9846.! I.Ol.'i

.72910 5<>4 .98465 -oi5<
73474 565 -I! I,'j(
74039 565 .98471
.65836 .015.
74605
.015;
3.435 575 5.75I7I 56(5 '.98477
.4,11) 576 1.015.' o,3
75738
,
567 .<;8|8o
-4.17 .67563 576 .015.
.7630=! 98483
.438 .6^130 577 .0151
.
76873
-43U 577 0151
i
77441
-015,1

5. 7n K)
.60872 57!) 1.0153 ",.1
70451 579 .79150 0153
.98408
71031 -79721
.015.,-
.08501
.71611

2.4-15
5.80864
.446 .7277 1.015.! 0,3
447 98510 0151
73,154 .
82009
4-|8
0X513 .0151
"14!)
085 [Ci .OI5T
583
.0150
584 5.83732 575 0.985.?.
1.0150 o,3
aoo oil u w FII' n till u
1*0 od u
SMITHBONIAN
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
155
Natural Hyperbolic Functions.
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

iilnli ti oosli

55"
.55-:
553
55-1 ..|(iiSio

555 ".,17-150
.55(1
.
557
.-I-M7-

13577 (i.S i

("53 (M5
.5". I 15533 "53 .5.U13 (i,l(i

(1-53*70
.5(1(1 ('55 .5-15-iS (i.17

-I7l0d ('55 -55173 ('-17

(15"
.5(J !lHHoM (15(1

''57
,501.!,!
,,'iO/Mo
57.1 .500(10 (151

57-1 (kio 507-ii

<>
575 "5.1
57" d(ii "53
577
.5-17.1-! (rfu
.
55.105

f'57
57307
.(15(117
"50

(i50
(i(K)
.(|750-l
(Kir
(ifi I
!"H(?i5

.(1.1070
503 .6,1751
50-1

2 -505 674
.50" "7.1
507 "75 7-1^5
-5oH (17(1

5W .^707 (.76

2.600 "77

inn ml it H F.t BOO 0(1 11 r,,'

SMITHSONIAN TABLED
Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

158
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABUS
159
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
1 60
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABUCS
161
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

0.99270
.806 .24158 .30203 .99272
.807 .24989 .31027 99273
.808 .25820 .31853 .99275
.809 -26653 .32679 .99276

I.O073
.28320 -34334 .0073
.29154 .35163 .0072
.29990 -35992 .0072
.30826 -36823 .OO72
2.815 31664 832 0.99285 1.0072
.816 32502 .38486 833 .99286 .0072
.8.7 33341 39319 833 .99288 .0072
.818 34'So 40 'S3 834 .99289 .0072
.810 35021 .40387 835 9920t .0071

0.99292 I .0071
-99293 .0071
-99295 .11071
.99296 .(3071
.99298 .0071
2.025 8.40082 846 8.46013
.826 840 0.99299 007 r
.40928 847 .46853 841 -99300 0070
.827 .41776 848 .47695 842 .99302
.828 .42624 849
0070
485.17 843 99303
.829 43473 849 0070
-49380 843 .99305 0070
2.830 8.44322
844 0.99306 r .0070
.831 .45173
.832
845 I .99307 .0070
.46023
.833 99309 .0070
.46877
99310 .0069
-834 47730
993 1 1 .0060
8.48584 8-54456
49439 I . no; >y
55305 99314
50295 ,oofiy
.56155 99316
.57006 .OOfKJ
-993I7 .oofio
57857 .99318 .doo'i;
2,840 .52867 .58710
.841 53726 I.OOfx)
.59563 99321
.842 -54586 .0068
.60417 99322
55447 .00/18
.61272 09324
844 .56309 .62128 .0068
99325 .0068
57171 62985
5S035 .63842 1.0068
58899 .99328 .0068
.64701
59764 99329 .0068
.65560 .09330
60630 .66420 ,0067
.993'32
.0067

.'"""""
SMITHSONIAN TABLES
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHflONfAN TABLKi
163
Natural Hyperbolic Functions.
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABUB
165
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

10.53.
.(l.|

.7.|

TO.N-j
io.y(>5
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

Blllll 11 eniili u p ( |'

tanli u colli u

1(157 .0018 0,4

1(17.1 1(171 .0018 0,4
3,5 .0018 0,4
I7<>5 3,4 0,3
I7-J5 3,4 .0017 0,3

1742 1.0017 0,3

1
7 5058 '757 .001(1

1777 177-1 0,3

17-0507 1
702 3.1 .on id 0,3
.
50 [8. 10,1.! 1813 3.0 .0015

3,o 1.0015 0,3

.0015 0,3
.01)^57 2,9 0,3

1887 0,3
$ 0,3

10- -'.503 2 7 i.ooi-i 0,3

10.-1 178 HM- 10-4435 2/1 .0013 o,3

10.0132 .0013 0,3

.0013 o,3
.0012 0,2
.(*,) .JO.OOyi)

I. 0012 0,2
3-7"
.0012 0,2
7"
2,3 .0012 0,2
.'/'
.00885 2,3 ,0012 0,2
73
JKrfi 2,3 .0011 0,2
-74

a1 T.O01I 0,2
3.75
.(XI 11 0,2
.7"
2,1 0,2
.77
2,1 .001(1 0,2
7*
2,0 ,0010 0,2
-70 . 1 1'.)

1.0O10 0,2
.OOIO O,2
.Si
.00! X'-l ,<X)IO 0,2
.8.!
1,0 .0(100 0,2
.8.1
1,8 .oooy 0,2

1,8
3-85

1.7 .otxiy 0,2

!7 .oixw; O,i
1,7
.88 .M-juiS
5 1,7 ,0008 0,i
.HO I'I7 2.|..l057 .I

i.ooof 0,2
'471 -M -7 H3
0,1.
'.|. 0.105
.(J0021 .onof- 0,2
1
.O(X). 0,.
oyoj3 1,5
1,5 0,2

1,5 1.0007 0,
25.0773
,ix)07 o,

.00')* .(KIO? 0,

<ww
,(KX)/ o,

T,3 i.ooo; o,
2731

M sin Qil u
cso
In ii ti<l u Ft BOO Oil 11 Fu'

SMITHSONIAN TABUB
167
 Natural Hyperbolic I'uncliontj.

SMITHBONIAH TABUS
168
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

COsIl II '" IV tnnll ti COlll 11 u Fu'

-1-50 45-003" 15.0141 IS) o,5 I.OOO2 0,0

o" 15-I55.I 15.17 o,5
5-! 4'5'J.! 15.0.U-! 4591 0,5 , (X1O2
5,1 |l'.3.|7 -WW77
54 .99977 0,5 .0002

4 .55 i
.17.1,: 473t 0,4 0,0
47" 17.707" 4779 o,4 .0002
57 0,4
-IH.75-M 0,4
49.J-I.M WW79 0,4 ,OCX>2

4. (to 0,4 T.OOO2 0,0

fUt.-W 0,4 .CXX12
<i".74-M 5>75 ,111-751') 5"7-l 0,4 .0(X)2
5 US 0,4 ,(X2
51.7770 5177 0,4 .OO02

IAS 0,4 I. 0002 0,0

.(Hi 0,4 ,0002
53-344-! 5335 5334 0,4 .O002
0,3 OCX12
!i-M3 '54-1-3 o,3 ,0002

0,3 I.OOO2 0,0

555,1 o,3 .0002
0.3 .(XX12
o,3
0,3 .0002

5779 0,3 -I. (XX) I 0,0

-75
-7" 537 0,3 .ooor
o,3 .fXJOI
77
50-55'M 0,3 ,0001
(HI, (HII5 0,3 .0001
79 l.|<>ji

.Kit o,3 1. 0001 0,0

.HI o,3 .0001
.(XXII
.(XX)
iM ,001^7 o,3 I

0,3 .(XX) I
.HI

0,2 I .0001 0,0

.Hd 'M 51 .0001
6,15.! fq.gtfx*
651(1 0,1) .0001
.0001
<><M7 0,2 ,0001

I. 0001 0,0
67 5 1 671,1
.(XX) I
.<XXH
(HJIO .(KH)I
.0001
69. HW;

7058 1.0001 0,0

7131) .li'JXJO

7 jo I 0,2 .'(XXII
7..-OJ
.0001
7-7-1 7373
73.4716 73. tf 0,2
7317

T 7-120
l.OOOI 0,0
5.OO 74-'

ion u sin nil u w Fu' 030 (III 11

u Inn u<l ii till

I fit)
 Natural Hyperbolic lAinclioiiK,

filnli ii

5'O( i , 01 1 1 1

,(i
7-1. "!< .(HNJI
,IXH)I
,<NHH
.0. .IHXM

5-05 I -IKtOi
7-S.70J .IKIO I

70.5*4'

*!5

I , IKK I I

87.070. .(HUH

.01*11
K.J7-I o. 7.17 . ( X* I I

oof). | I . 01 M 1 1

1
5 1 .OK I

0--M7 .no i

.(II X)
. J. I

5. -'5 05 -0

J7
cjS. .(XI!)
. ji) 00.i7.l-i .(")O

(H). 1651 loo. 170;)

<n ,
I7..'( 101 .
1770
e
o.;. iiS()

S-.15 H H
. < )i I
0,0
.O;XHI
!l7 .niiiHi
-.IS ioS.fi i.M loM.1l
..V) 10O.(X)|0

5. -|o no. 7015 ';

,o;XHt
.OIKMJ
1
15.;.! 15.!.;

I , i M jun
.Oi'NHI
-17 iH7,'t . 1 1; KH )

.,,K 1
00.1 1)1 KH
. I

. I X V X I

5-50 -'-M.'i I .0000

II 11 !)([ 11
B<!0 IJll II
aln nd ii (ir. nil u

SMITHBONIAN
 Natural Hyperbolic Functions.

22.3.|Kn 12234
1.5735 1335H 133.577*' .9<>!)07
99W7
09097
137-3110 12734

121). 0133 1301)1

i.S330 l.VM 5377

>3.!.

133H7 133.869? 13387

14073 140,7331 14073

21.1

143 -570" I I
14.157

IS. 0155 I
MS"* I
H5-OI90 1-1503

1710 i.|(MH I4f'.47''4 1<I

( M7
17.015! I i.iTtK I I.l7.0.l85l 14795

15710 1 T57'0<)0!>1 T 5?09

l'58-o"757
Cm. 2d73 I
">- 7
!
I
t
i<! ''?7'Ml
' (l ^
KiitW Uii.HHil
(il."ioiol 10351 nrn.sotJol id35"

ifiSiS o.09iJ98

170.1770
I7I.HHK2

17302
17530
I77-135U J 77I3
177,13
178.903^! i78fJ
18070 180.70-10 18070

182.5201 18252

191.8780 iiB8

I95.75'|l 19575
 TABLE III

NATURAL AND LOGARITHMIC CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS

173
 Circular Functions.

(10.110
oo :_>o.

(I (III ,

<

o tn JJ.5)

.(XX).')
O.IMXNkl
f
,<NI(I<*
.
too;
,!)()! Hill
, 0008
.(KliKWI
.000;)
.(HHKH1

.001 .OO(MK)
.00 JO
1
.IHKHK)
.00130 .001)00
.001.JO .ooooo

.ooooo
.OO(KK) " <>;; ,10.0.)
.(Xlll(X)
.(NXKK) 5 50. (1
UO(XX)
.OO(HK)
.(XNM10

.(XXJIO O.IXHXNI
.(XKMN)
.OOJJO .(XXXKI
.(JfHHNI 11
"7 l.l.
.00~'30 .(XXXX) " "X .M.
-OOCHH)
.(XXMX1
.OO(XK) "7 ,'i|..
<) oN 15,0.1

.00000
.00000
<> us) ui.cl
.(XKXXt
.tXKKK) ,17-,'M

1. 1 17-0 0.<Xt(MXl o 10
" "I ,(').. ].!
n 1 1
(10.05
n .:u,fi7
t> n .11.30

;i o.i. Hi
'.1 J.I.-

O.OIKXX)
.OtllXHl
.OIWXH1
.00000 o 1.1 .|<i.( ),
.(XXXX)
15 <'7.

.(XKXX)
.(MXXX)
.<KXK.H)

8MITHOONJAN TABUS
'

1/4
 Circular Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABU*
 Circular Functions.

O.01OO O.OIOOO
.0101 .01010
OTOJ .OUUO
010,1 .010,10
0104 I .01040

!<'
" !<> 3.1- <

" -I" .'J.I..S5

'> ,|i 15.

" !' .i."!. ft)

!' 5'". .1.1

11
-IS -1.1. 3a
o 40 01.05

!> 50.84
o ;;n 1. 47 1

o ;io ,

" 50 pa. 72
< Si i.l.,15

-lifnhlu nfj
~... ,
., ... x
SMITHSONIAN TABUS
Circular Functions.

177
Circular Fiuictiotifi.

178
 Circular Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TANL.ICR
179
Circular Functions,

180
 Circular Functions.

BMITHHONIAN TABU*
 Circular FunclioiiH.

SMITHOONIAN TABLES
 Circular Functions.

.0464

0.0465

SMITHDQNIAN TAHU*
 Circular Kuncliona.

ITHSQNIAN TABI-CB
184
 Circular Functions.

SM'THBONIAN TAHUR
185
 Circular Functions.

SMITHUONIAN TABLM
 Circular Functions.

TABUEB
I87
Circular Fimctlomi.

188
 Circular Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
189
 Circular Function*).

SMITHUONIAN TABLES
 Circular Functions.

SMITH3QNIAN TABUB
 Circulnr FimclioiiH.

SMITHSONIAN TABI.KB
 Circular Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABU a
Circular Functions).
Circular Functions.

195
Circular Functions.

196
 Circular Functions.

'
ill II I)
Ian sin 11
log COB u Fu

-'1,7 u, i
14 i<; 26.20
14 22 5-3-47
14 26 18.73
14. 2(j 45.00
n,3 14 33 11.26

14 /' 37-53
11,4 14 4<> 03-79
98550 u,4 14 43 30.0(1
.-'5515 1446 56.3-'
.J.Sdl 14 50 22.58
1
1 1. 5

y. < .'^ 15 n,6 14 53 48.85

ii,fi 14 57 I5.ii
<)'!.( I
162,0 11,6 15 oo 41.38
H,7 15 04 07.64
*X>..s 160,7 15 07 33.91

1
60,0 n,8 15 II 00.17
n,8 15 14 20.44
11,9 15 17 52.70
11,9 15 21 i8.97
157,5 .9^409 IS 24 45.23

1 56,0. 9-98397 12,0 15 28 11,50

1 5(1,3 12,1 15 3i 37-70
155.7 15 35 "4.03
12,2 15 38 30. at)
15'lis 15 41 56.56

153,9 9-^337 IS 45 22.82

153,3 15 48 49-09
12,3 15 52 15.35
.Uhldl 7.4 IS 55 'l'-62
27,5 12,4 15 5<J 07.88

151," 9- Ofi^ if) 02 34.15

-7.7 150.5 16 o(i 00.41
27,8 140,9 16 oi) 26.68
140,3 [6 12 52.94
16 16 19.20

12,7 if)19 45.47

450 13 1-17-7 12,8 16-23 11.73
1-17,' 12,8 16 A} 38.00
-15337 if) 30 04.26
16 33 30-53

1-1,1.5 13,0 16 36 56.79

-15775 l-l.l.o 13.0 16 40 23.0(1
UI.S .98122 13,1 16 43 49.32

4606, .9810*) 13,1 16 47 15-59

1-13.4 13.1 1 6 50 41.85

13.2 i(i 54 08.12

16 57 34.38

I.U.9 13.3 17 oi 00.65

46777 141,4 '3.3 17 04 26.0.1
1-10,9 13,4 17 07 53-18

0. U55.lt U-ITOS!) 140.4 9.98016 17 u 10.44

0.3OO OJi.S

ooili lu
w fn lopooshlu
I tin ti in

SMITUBONIAN TABU*
 Circular Putictlomi.

'7 -l.'i .].!.(

'I-" '7 -i<> oM.;
7 >r .M-(
'I.' 17 .'!" (N).M

'I.' 17 .*) -7-1

"-'
fl.l.-l
.{,

|5.(>
M I.!..!
I" ,iM..|

MJ in
",'i.o I'j it) ,|/i.iM
I'J nN i.;., |g

0.335 0.3^77

15..!

'S.,1 10 .!!
.47.,10
/iu) M'J -.'.'i -M.77

r
, '..S 10 .l.'i ,|.f.
1.1. ,'i 10 30 OS.H.{

u -lilnhlu uP,f coil. l,i

 Circular Functions.

OMITHHONIAN TAHUW
199
 Circular Function;).

Islitlilii <F U'

ooahlu

SMITHSONIAN TABLKB
200
 Circular Functions.

sin F,,' IOQ sin w

11
F,, tun cos ii (J
Fy

4.1,5 21,0
.451 KVi a 1,0
. .
;i
. !
3<>/7 1.1,7 80,4
.. .s.i ;W> l,1,

3856 41,9 8y|o

yy o
9- 953-l<> 21.2 26 04 TO. 49
uy ^
.953") 21,3 26 07 36.75
8i3 26 n 03.02
'.M557 21,4 2,'i
14 211.28
7!i 21,5 s;> J7 S5.55

'.).f> (7.1.1 9-95233 21,5 art 21 21.81

4'n -1,5 -95212 21,6 26 24 48.08
4.'' 95i<;o 21,6 2(\ 28 14.34

87,0 21,7 31 40.61

-.'.'.]

!
65083 85,8 95147 21,7 2;) 35 06.87

44.8 9,65161) 81.fi 21,8 21 38 33.13

I'M-: 14.0 31,8 2f> 41 59-. |0
,'i".! I
.8g.:j2 21,0 2'.} 45 25.66
;;i 10 45,1 .65428 85,0 .95059 32,() 2li 48 51.03
SM !8-jAU -15,2 '>55I3 85,7 9S37 22,0 2J 52 18. ly

45.3 85,5 22, T 2fi 55 44.46

45,4 22,1 26 59 10.72
45.5 s!i .91971 27 02 36.99
040:9 27 o') 03,25
5'l.'i 8J;" 9-19-7 27 otj 29.52

.'173' | 45,7 9-94904 22,3 27 12 55 .78

45.8 .94882 22,4 27 16 22.05
-15.0 22,4 27 l<) 48.31
83,8 .94817 22,5 27 23 14.58
83/1 22,6 27 26 40.8.1

22,6 27 30 07 . i i

.947'") 27 33 33-37
.88' in/ 94747 27 3') 59.64
4'VI 27 40 25.90
40,5 ,66/75 82,6 .94701 27 43 52.17

82,4 23,9 -7 47 l8.43

.<>r>55 23,9 -7 50 44.70
8j| .
94633 27 54 10.9')
8 1, 8 ,9|(i()9 37 57 37-23
8l,6 .945.% 2801 03.4!)

47,1 Hi,4 23,3 28 04 2'.). 76

47,2 81,2 94510 23,2 28 O/ 56,02
8 1,0 .94517 2,1.1 .'8 n 22.28
23-3 28 14 4-55
8a!f) 94470 23,4 28 T8 14.81

4/.5 n,5 9.94417 23.4 28 a i 4r.oS

8n,3 .9 4 2.1
1 23,5 28 25 07.34
.K'/in-i >\'/,7 80. 1 23,6
2X 31 50^7
\'i,<.) 94353 23,7 28 35 26.14

y.68o7a 7!),5 9.94329 23,7 28 '38 52. 40

alnh In
Iglnliln <" Fu' eoslitu , OB 'OUCOBlllll

SMITHSONIAN
201
 Circular KunetioiiH.

0.47943 87,8 0.87758

48(MO 87,7 .8771" 'H
4-: 18.
'
M 45 44.
'i 4'J 1 1 .

48-Uil 87,0 I -.875<>:>

1.1 Ifl.O
Id
.:o -'o 117. s
-'> -'.I 33-8

.7(1(17
.7015
)'(
<

' ,10 \\.f\7

>
-U 37-01
i 1
-I' o,|,.
' 4'J 30.47
J S'i-73

13 3-1.33
17 00.58
l
.'6.85
53.1"

203
 Circular Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TAHLEB
203
 Circular Function.'!.

SMITHSONIAN
 Circular Functions.

ail) F,,' (inn u u Pi,' IOQ aln Fll' lOQ COB 11

57,1
57,o
5'',')

.''5.1 5",* 17 -'-1 5".

-''54 5' ',7 17 jli 17.

33,4 17 31 .13*
17 35 y.
.US
.8)8.10 17 *(j n.!.
.('5') 5'M ,17 -15 ^-
"',3 33,7 '17 .| 54-
33, ;i7 5J -'i-

55,7 ,!7 55 '17-

I''
1,5 55." 3.1,^ ;17 5<) 13-
55,5 3-1," >S OJ JIJ.

""1,7 55,4 ,liS uf> o(i.

.(if III 55.3 (8 l)<) .1-3.

55, -i 3-!,-'

.dial-' 55,o 3-1 ..I m HI j.\.

3-1,3

o, (').*( it <) 34.-I

5-1,7 3-1.5
5-1.<i 3-1,5 .!*> <>
5-1.5 3-l.d .18 33 .U
54,4 3-1,7 .17 J
.('74

o.d'75
.l -13 55-01
5-l,o IN .17 Jl.:V
iC|77 l

.707- 1.1 .15,<> i * 50 .17-5-1

.d'7<> .70797 35,o

O.liKn 53.7 35, T ,(8 57 .|D.07

5.1," 35.-!
53,5 35,3
.d,ii I.; 53-4 .KHijfiK 35,1 \<) 07 ;;M.H()
5.1,1 35,4 ,V) ii as. 13
,d,in;o

Ci.1,3 35,5 M I- 1 51-30

.HDI/I 35,< ,ji) iK 17. (i(i
35.' > ,iu 21 .|3 .ya
"!Cl
.dHH .77-ifiS <as iHnJX/ 35,7 ,Vi W lo.lt)
5-',7 .KH755

0.77 5-i/i 31) 3:1 0.3.72

O/MJO 1
2,1

.770(11 35.9
Aj.! 3' ',0 ,'iO 3^ 55 -^5
77_,()
7'M)
7'W 3d", i
30 -IS '17. ?8

3C>.3 3'f .IQ i.j.O-l

<>A)5
AXi .7(17.11 -HHso.1
K '7 .71.1177 .H7.|H rtM.|(7
/, 7<i.7
'

CM. 3 .HoHtW .KS.1.10 3<> S'J 3iJ-.l

.7(1(11.!
.711519 CM,.) 51,7 .HS.1IJ.1 ,|O <)3 59. IO
.<*><>

,]0 ofi as. 36

0,700 7(1,5

lalnlilu COlll 111 'DO cosh 1

II

SMITMOIAN TAHI.EH
Circular Functloiui,
 Circular Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TARLCS
207
 Circular lumctioiiH.

SMITHSONIAN TADUS
208
 Circular Functions.

8M1THBONIAN
209
 Circular Functions.

BMITHOONIAN TABU*
210
 Circular Functions,

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
211
Circular Functions.

212
 Circular Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TAUUB
213
Circular FunelioiiB.

<>| to in.
'M '.1 !.!.
(p
l I/ '. I

111 -'>
.(;..]
IN .6
 Circular Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TAHLCS
215
Circular Functions.

FII lllO Bill II

...
IV lug ,;
 Circular Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
217
 Circular Functions],

71 -I" 15.57
7-1 -10 .|i.8.|
7-1 S3 <>8. 10
'
3-1.37
(Mi

I
,

K.o.7
"'7, -7
I
Off, I

57,01
108,8 ;:; 3-1 J.J.--8

0.9601). |

10,0 ;i 55 1x1.87
97019 10,8
97<M3 "5 58 27-
10,8 '
(l 01
07067 53. .10
10,8
10,7

0.07115
97130
.07162
.07180'

07,3
071-56 97, ,

97-79 07i3
97303 97.3
0732(5 97,3

9.988,1.3
H8H.I3
50 01 11 ,

.9885.1
/'' 5.1 -7.37
.988(13
50
/7 01) 19. yo

0.08883
/7 03 -lo'.io'
07,5 I
.98893
97,5
7 07 IJ. 3 (

.989113
07,5
|

/7 in 38.
7
7 17

SMITHSONIAN TADLKS
218
 Circular Functions.

SMITHSONIAN TABLKS
219
 %
Circular I' uin:tioiiH.-
 Circular Functions.

SMITHBONIAN
Circular Krtnctiona,

!* .'Vi r;| ;,;,..,(;

7 is.j;
ifi MI .11.5.1
 Circular Functions,

SMITHSONIAN TAHUH
223
 TABLE IV

THE ASCENDING AND DESCENDING EXPONENTIAL AND

TK. In Table IV, for n greater than 2.302, the tabulated values of
the ascending exponential may sometimes be erroneous to one unit in the
last place.

225
 O.OOO ()(

.000 .\'\ .Oil I <!<)

.OOO 8f: ,00:! (1(1

3< ,i (M).
.00 1
ooS

('.055 O.O.M Wfi.l

I. OK) 05O
oo.| 7 .01 1

005 ji .01.: 07 j
,005 <i.|;

1.015
.010'

.017
.007 817 .018 [fi.l
.ooS 251 .OM)

.000 5 =

.000
.010 423

o.oio 857.
.01] j
.01 1
7:!(x
.012 Kin.
ora 5915

0.013 o
.01.) .(fi.ii

013 No?.
or.
01. | 7(160

I. (X) I 17-1 ".013 'Mi

-r
OUIJ 0177
.mXi 3(1;;
0*17 ,

7-U7

fi.yf.| 837-1
 The Exponential.

0.150 0.065 1442

.151

O. If If, i . no 711 0.155 1152

.111 822 . 1
5' i
.157
.
114 048 .158
.115 l<>2
.'59 .069 0528

1.1 Id 1:78 o.ft)5 83.1 o. 160

1
0.069 4871
.161
UK 5M
. 1 10 032
.120 752

0,1 I", 0.040 <j|39 I. 121 87.1 0.071 6586

. 1 lit .050 3782 ,8<;o 4752 .072 09 jy -180 573
.117 .050 Nl2.S .072 5272 .181 754
.118 .OS1 24(17 !ks8 6; (H 182 937
,072 (/us .

.119 .051 08l() .887 8078 073 3958 .184 120 .8-14 5089
O. 120 0.052 H53 497 o . 1
70 0.073 8301' i -
185 305 0.8.13 6648
!l .052 519:'l .886 0340 -171 .074 af i.].]' .18^1 49! .842 8216
05-! <,.S3<> 75J .172 074 6987 .
187 678 .841 979-''
053 4l8.: 173 075 1.129 . i 88 866 .8 1
1 1376
.883 3798 '74 .075 5672 .
HJO 056 .8(0 2969

i. [.13 148 0.882 49(19 0. 175 0.076 0015 1.191 246 0.839 4570
.134 "82 .881 6148 .176 .076 .1358 192 438
.
.838 6180
.127 055 1554 .135 417 .KHo 7337 -177 .076 8701 193 (>,ii .837 779^
.128 055 58.-J7 i.K> 553 .879 8534 .178 077 3044 . 194 825 .836 9.124
. I
29 .056 0240 1.17 <*>) .878 974U .179 .077 7387 .
jy(> 021 .83(1 1059

0.056 4583 1.138 828 0.878 0954 o. 180 0.078 1730 I. 197 217 0.835 2702
.877 2178 .181 ,078 6073 .198 4 '5 fU| 4.154
.876 3410 .182 .079 o.po .
199 614 .833 6013
.'33 .057 761.* .142 250 .875 4(151 183 079 4759 .don 814 .832 7682
.13-1 .058 1955 14,1 393 .874 syoi .18., .079 9102 .202 016 -831 9358

0. 0.058 621x8 0.080 3445

M.-I4 5.17 0.87.1 0,185 1.203 218 0.831 1043
.13'" .059 n'}.\(} .145 02 .872 8426 .oSo 7788 .204 422 .830 2736
.871 9702 ilitT .081 2131 .205 627 .8:9 -1137
1.17 7<> .871 0987 .188 .081 6474 .2(i 834 .828 6147
.870 2280 .189 .082 0817 .208 041 .827 7865

o.i/'o Him? 0.869 3582 0.082 5160 1.209 250 0.826 9591
.082 (J502 .210 459 .826 1326
.15-! 577 .083 3845 .211 6/t .825 3069
.153 7.10 .083 8188 .212 883 .824 4820
,154 884 .08.4 2531 .2:4 006 .823 6579

0.145 1,0(12 0727 1,156 040 0.865 0223 0.195 0.084 6874 1.215 3H 0.822 8347
,K|6 .063 4070 .157 '!/' .864 1577 ,085 1217 .216 527 .822 0122
.147 ,o(i.1 8413 .158 ,154 8;i.i 2940 107 085 5560 .217 744 .821 i<;o;;

.1,18 159 5M .198 085 9003 .218 02 ,820 ,i6<;9

.14!) .861 ,o8(i4246 ,220 182 .819 5499

0.150 834 0.860 7080 o.^oo o.oR6 8580 1.221 403 0.818 7308

SMITHBONIAN TABLEB
 The Exponential.

u
loo J(l (o )

0,2 0.086 85 I.2JI 0.818

.( . 0.108
,2 .(>87 20 .817 912 .109
.2 .087 7_> .'jjj 84 j .817
,2 .1)88 Hi o .816
.iu.1
.20 .088 59 .226 20t
'

.815 no 3108 il-89 'i

72 \-/-/l \

o.ift 0.089 030. 1.237 52 0.255 .no 745t

>2< .228 75 r.ax>.|6j 0.7^, ,
.089 4(1. .813 8331 -I" "791
' ...'<)! 'vtJi
.' .-,..-,
/ /> i
.089 8y<
|

. . . , .. i t i

.813 oijXi
Of/' 33. .231 21 .8r;> 1:070
.(Xjo 707 .232 4, 8il 3952

0.091 201 1-233 0.8iO 5842 o.iu IJIMI I

i,.;^. 030
.21 091 .234
I
0.771 U
fcKJ 7741 ii.l .W9 .jiijX-j.tfi
,21 .OlJJ O/tl. .23(1 1.
I

.21 ,(V)2 .808 S

5O.| .237 38
.21 09- 03i -807

0,21 -093 373 1.23080 0.806 5414

.21 1.H5
807 .241 10
'
0()3 805 7353
.21 3'\( 7.IR
.094 241 .KM 9300
.21 ,004 676 243 587 804 1254.
,21 .095 no .244 83 .803 3217 I'jjpn)
.TK.
.'31)7317 I
ixi.pj
HJSJ I
.3^ (.55 |
.7, L | i.

0.22O 0.095 3' 1.246 077 0.802 5188

,2J 0.270 0,117 2,195
-095 979 247 32, .801 7167
.271
.oyfi ,
.248 57 .8110 9154
.27;!
.
22,' oi/i .800 m8 .273
097 i
.251 071
.274

.097 7103 .252 323 .798 5162 O.I 10 4310 1.31(1 (I , ,.

.0:j8 253 57'
tj;,| ,
X ;(J
797 7'8i
.008 5848 .317 7,'i8 81
2S.| 830 .?*>'> 9208 .UI) 20(Xl
.(X)9 0101
.319 UK)
.25(1 o8<i
"09 453- . . .
.257 3-|3 .ui ,,vi 807 ,750 5^
.000 8877 .258 6m o.wi
.2,11 ion 3220 32.3 130
.259 859
.232 100 75(1,1 3-'-l 4,'i (

233 .101 1006

"3 47"'
,

770 751
,2ftj 381 |
'.','
-3-|5
.234 10 r 6249
.VH 433 I .73J }-(i

0.235 102 0302

909
2(i.[.
.236 0.123 7739 t.3'3*> 7^3 0.75.1 or.
4935 a(Vi 174 | |

.337 10 3 9278 267 441 331

.238 1(13 3(J3I 268 709
103 2fx> 970
333 757
.125 51 u -.135 (103 I
.74.1 on
0.240 104 2307 271 249
.241 0,125 127
104 6650 272 r J I
.242 iS 091)3 273 79.1 ,
747 51
105 S336 , , -339 KM .74'i 7f.
.244 105
275. nfi9
aX> 3-14
137 Ml I .310413 .74fi<'^

0.245 io(5
277 621
'
.246 rofi
278 000
107 2707 '!-S^"' 'Si 743 78?
iais
;8o 179 I

3-15
-p
I5
I .'

107 7050 281 4(10 -74,1 .|.|

.249 108 1393 282 742 (l

- , -347 3 .7.|3 3DI
12985.11 .318510 .7.11 550
284 025
0.1302883 1.349850 0.740818,

SMITHBONIAH TAHLC*
228
 The Exponential.

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
229
 The Exponential.

i.4')i 8.;5 0.670 ,{,.'(xi

.41) |
Hi [ .d<)8 <;Noy
4'Xi .107 ,<rf).S .U-) i

,|o.<,

.
i;H uji
.'7') .f'M
-170 7IJ7

<M'5 o.tHo j;)j

- 180

S-ii -MO .(157 70.1.

5-''' Ml .
.((.'i

.S-!) S'JO o.fi.xl 7d()H

5,'ji ui .(15,1

51" .{.15 -'M'J -:

-Vl.'i 419 ,(i.|y ouj

551 155 .0.1.1

0.4.|0 O.KJI 55'-! 7"7 o.f. 14 0,

41

557 ;17~' .(i|-> 107..-

17 I .104 i-"X>
I"
'140 I
.194 '"7 7440
<"/ M75
O..I50

SMITHBOHIAN
 The Exponential.

TAIILKM
231
 The Exponential.

loo nidi") 1

loilmCii )

I.H.L! IKJ

.(.si
* ? MJ M
).afij 7.(M->

..!(),[ 05(0
' *i 1 X ,t<

I.R|0 .|; 0.5.1.1 .151 x>

O . ; [ f Hj
.<>' I

.(KU
511 7-M.l
K I ;i H'I

i> 1 .
1 '/b

.^7 (MM r

.St 507
.afi7 051)7 fi.'W 5N17
.5.10 (Ul.
X I II -! J
.'
l -,' 7.!
K.S7 1170

.~>(>O (K)fif) <>..ir r yu

.270 i.iij
.
a i i 10

. i ro J>'.
.
*T< v j < i:
i,

0/175 n.U
.K7" l 15 5,1! X-M IJ'.H
.7i uS:i .5.1-1 HJ.N)
'i'',<i

Wl -15 17 0,t|

i. 77 fin ..M2 ;

.USl
J7I -171 1
sill 5W .'^,!
.'^.i
S.io .16.157 .(MI

a;.l X770 I. MM; o,;,!

O.fjt
5.n .1'iJl'H

.tow

0.5,7 Jfw.| o.6x /HI

5Jd ynif.i
.5.;'' -MX') *
..*!* *< 5i>'.'l

.(Ml

o.ftis
,(i.|0
,(i.|7

.<A|0 .281 8571

.Oil 7,|()

o.fi5o O.jffo 1'01 ; |

sit
t*ij "S3

u
lBflu(o )
lon^u")

BMITHBQNIAN TABLKS
333
 The Exponential.

SMITHSONIAN
233
 The Exponential.

loo 10(0")

0.800 "-3-I7 <a WS 5-|i

.229 <><Xl -1-|8 .1,112

.3-19 17JH -'31 -|f>i -1 17 535-'

0-U7 0^70
3.10 0.11. ..|.|( "|H
.350 .|75" ..:.M 17-1

35<' oi>90 -M3 -1

1
7 -115 7-'|N7
351 3-1-1 2 ,..'15 (^fH

O.Nio o..|,|.l 85,81

.811 -1-1-1 .|i.H
.Mr 2
35.! oMi-l
353 5157 375 -Mo.|

"..175 '"'''17 375 oo! i

.Kin 35-1 38l3 -I .|J '9 9 ,8 it i

.;i7h (ji;n 377 ,i8.!
.817 ,3S.| 8l8:i -II I
75.1') .8:>7 371' 533.1 3VJ /"'
.818 355 ~'5J!> -Ml 3MI ,,17/1 </>7" ,l8,r i.[,j
.810 355 ''872 377 .1"IO

o.8..'o 0.356 1215 2.270 500 -1.H7 0.87,1

,|.|0 0..177 8.(6',!

35"' 5558 .'.72 77' 130 991. | .87. .378 j;-o S

!nL 35" 0"XH 139 55'7 .87..' .378 7" 18
357 .|-'.|.| -130 IU.1 .873 3/0 t.VJi
357 H57 .871 379 5731

!.28i HSr 0.875

.35** 7-7H 1.17 7070 .870
350 to' 15 !li! iio 137 3!i<M 877
350 505H .2H8 7.1 7 -I3'i 9-^.1 .878
,2(>i 0,7 7-U8

0.8.(0 0.3(10 .|6'.|.|

.8,! i

,,Vjo SjM? "135 '"35 I'.l 3l.f

.8.1..' -135 1781
3""l 7"73 "131 7-131 -H8 i
1.1

.-131 3<>S.i

O-l.'U K/.|5
3"3 0702 -133 .|.|nH
.8,17 -133 <K'7" .385 210,!
8,(H -.132 5X,|H .3^5 n.^s
3". I 3731 -31-1 f>S3 ,3lVi 0878

o.8.|o 3<M Ho7.| ,316 367 i.-l.V 7105 !-t,15 130

.KM .801 -137 .VKi
,321 oo.| -I3n 8.|8n -I (n oo;;
,3(i(i 110:3 3'3 3J7 -l.(n .1173
3'if' 5-1-15 -3-'5 "51

t-l-'O S5M J-II7 3.K'

.3(17 !|[3i 307
-3,i<) -i^f) l.'8o .3)*) U7|j -liu 781
3.W *'.} -K.,7 .38') ij()J2 !>! -'35
,8.|8 .33.107^ -|;;H -(5-1 ''8<j
337 30 .39i) .\,W7 -157 1-15

0.850 1503 0.3!/) 8'i;iO

,. ONIAN TABUS
234
 The Exponential,

SMITHSONIAN TAHU
235
 The Exponential.

I. on 0.4.14 20,
434 7-' ;
-7-M 01
"340 9,177
.01 435 I'M
349 SWo
7-M 7-
.Of -435 507
349 A180
-7-!0 .|i|

.(X 430 0.11 7-!9 17

3|8 5.108
r. oo 0.4,16 407)0
.00 0-3|8 i(,2.|
430' 9<x> 731 (i |

.0(1 347 8
737 37
.00, -137 7<>8S
.

347 .(<
.740 II 45'J 483'' .KSo (HI
.(XX .438 -'0. 347 l.
-74J 85 450 UI/'J .88.1 .)M- 3|0 8uj.|
1. 01 0.4,18 6,17 745 .8Mf,
.430 071 3
,-
".340 .1558
.74 .8Xj
I; .-;; 3|0 M.
430 50: M
430 940 753 851
315
750 60,
315 07,18
LOT. i..|i[0 8081
.OH 0-344 7-179
70J r.?,
314 38.U
,OI7 41' 0775 .70] 888 "
.30' 078.1
.018 Mi8 344
..|.|2 3<n 3'0()
.01' 313
.41-1 54<it 3'> 9557
313 3517
1,020 980
t.,|.|2
.OJl 0..143 0085
443 4147 775 <
..lOn ;Ji-l'i
31-1 0^157
-143 8 778 747 -350 8745
34-: 32.13
-144 --'833 .78' 5-7 350 5148
.OJ.| 341 0810
?8 310
1 .359 155-1 4<>0 43-M 341 039J
1.035 0-I45 1518 ".787 oiji? )..15 7<}'i<i
0..14I iS)7
445 580i .781; 88| .358 4378
340 95''(i
-.140 Oi,r;8
4I<'' 4547 795 409 357 7-"7
..f,|o .754
-357 .1041
339 935.1
1,0,10 0.447 333.1 0.3S7 <>070 '-330 5055
0.11 447 '7570
330 ~'5<>l
tl48 1919 -350 .!037
338 gi/-o
-355 9375
449 0(105
. .
338 ,1578.)
355 58 .!>5' 48,1 .338 Ai9<J
1-0,15 -149 4948 .815 too' 355 -*.!ft[
.030 449 <Mi)[ Hi 7 iw,i 354 871,1
.037 450 -8.ro 74-i 337 5041
,10,14 -3S I 51'^
.038 150 7977
337 J&7
.8^3 5ft t 354 lO^.i
-.13'' 881/1
03',) 451 A120 .8 JO' 389 353
330 55.19
1
.040 51 .353 4547 0.473 3810
041 .45.! KX:I 353 loi.l 473 815.1 977 -:.'i" 3.)5
,0.|J 45-i 5340 8.14 88 1
35-: 7485 474 .!!!* .'^1 ,!,KJ 335 5447
.043 452 9091 8.17717 3.^ 3059 -174 O8.i-j .>8.{ a 10 335 W).\
453 40,14 8|0 557 ..IS-' 04,17 nKJ
-175 980 1^5 -334
i. CMS -153 8377 8-13 3W .151 0.475 55-15
.o.|0 154 37a> 0-334 53!/>
351 3'|i'3 .(XX) -175 >S( 't'Jt - tf YC'
1
**lV| ^"'Jrf
-454 700.1 .,150 (>S(ji .4/0 .|,!|<!
333 87 -j 1
!a|8 >I55 l.
[Of i .851 .350 0,l8,1 470 8.i!5.i
333 5375
155 57-19 .350 2879 -t/7 JM

1.050

SMITHSONIAN TABLICS
 The Exponential.

SMITHBONIAN TALCB
 The Exponential.

SMITKBONIAN
238
 The Exponential,

SMITHBOMAN TABUS
239
 The Exponential.

TABLES
240
 The Exponential.

SMITHSONIAN TAHL.ES
241
The Exponential.

243
 The Exponential.

TAULKB
243
The Exponential.

244
 The Exponential,

SMITHOOMIAN TAIU.KO
245
The Exponential.

2^1 rt
 The Exponential.

$MITHBONI*N TABUS
247
 The Exponential.

Inn ui (o") loa i

a.joo (t-9.154170
.201 955 H8jj
. JO.! .no 3818
.
'(),} .110 .(7 li!
.-'04 957 . 1 10 3008

0-057 o.iio ;i505

0.104 ^7.15
.071.) ,'j:j(
lii-l 70K7
.
I0| <)()[()
.958 o~'JJ
-""I 559-1
.JO!) -959 3565 .106 605

0.959 ).TI5 716 o.

o.,'i'\i 080 ,
o. 104 3505
3')-! ''77 104 ,/j(i!j
.

.Of 0504
061 0937 .143 uiS i(X) 37 jo
.

.<Xil 5.180 .ISJ J5J .KM) JlL'7

o. lex) 1535 o, io,| H.ioo

7 575 .100 0|.|.|
I7<) 75" .108 9354 .

.90',; :;d5j ,108 8.;6=i .0^1 O/'^J mu

-1X13 fws
155

1337 0.207 3.11 o,io,S (i

.964 .a ift 5.(3

.a-'S XM . ioS ,vu
Hi.l 1058
-!/'5 4.V .lo-S jH,iM
.(XS 8709 loH 1755

M)ftf 305: 0, 75
.,'70

77 '"-' 5915
571 ."jHij 7571

0.107 5-iN 0.0<KI

.0(18 ()lio .
107 4,!i(
</*> 345.1 ">7 ,'U,',<
. 10,; .171)8
.(/it) 7796 .337 .
107 .!(i6.i

,970 a i 39 -.137 .
107 (Hj9,i
.101 8759

3.335 0.970 6.|8.j

o.iOI 7741
971 .loo 885.! .'XJ.! 707-! KM 07 J3
.337 . 106 778.)
.<)7' 05 IT .106 6716
-'if. 3S7 MM 5707
.33!) .Io6 5650 HXH
3.2.[0 9.393 3.V O.iofi 4585
0,874 o.lH
973 aS. /toa 7^'J
l"l
97.1 <iW <H~
J
1,17 . 106 .1458 Id.Si!
. Mil it'i-tl
. 100 o'W
.106 0335
. 1<N) Wuj
2.2-15 9.4-10 4i/i 0,105 9^75
..'.|6 Mi o. im >'('n.{
4-19 .105 8.117
2-17 -159 ;U5 .105 7.1,10 W7 574. H*l 1
105 6nu
.
5(1(1
.248 .468 779 .

.100 ,|5</i
.105 5

2.350 0.977 0.487 73fi 0.105 3tWa -300 9.07-1 o.ioo ^588

BMITHOOHIAH TABLES
248
 The Exponential.

SMITHBOMIAH
249
 The Exponential.

Inomdi")

1.042 3<W;J 11.023 17 0.0<X> 7'8() l .(j(>4 o.M. 0.08(1 ..'(j.v

.04.; 741 .01x1 li.-'73

.Oil |
81

40 (
1,085 8^3_
."41 ,u8<) 51 ...N;i777.
"45 3 .UK) (*>
O8;i (M)|(
.015 78i .111 71 <10(X
,<ll\'i
.046 :M5- .*x.M I i

H.I33 fXi 0-085 4350

."17 0841 .145 10
047 5183
."47 05-:' .1(17 ,ll, .oHo 5 I'M .085 171)1;
1
.048 38(K
'

I785- ."8;j 4308

ITS T.0.|8 NJU I Lift) 77< O.o. l5

l
(K)8fi
<|l(i ."40 ^5Ji5
417 .040 .JIJ 17.
,.|]8 .050 u l|
l

754..-
OS" 558-1 -MJ titj

1. 07.! 7"74
.051 4JlMj .oHS 83.7 ."73 1417
."51 8')!.!
"73 .S/fxi
."8H 0553
3315

1,053 I
(Mi 11.30-' :;.:< 0.oH8 4781 Il.fWl 707
053 51)84 313 537 .(rtS 3f{y7 "7f> 3'3I
."5.1 03-7 3-M 8.v ofW 3013 -177 ."75 7474
"54 4(1/0 .33(1 187 ,07(1 1817
347 SJ !o88 i'j'iy .0/0 OlfHJ

(i.oHH 03''H 1.077 "5 (| 3

055 7 ."77 ,|M.iO
"77 'JiKjj .1 5759
.056 0385 .087 7731
.057 0/.!8 "KM .|oy .087 (j5,|

2.435 1.057 5071 11.. PS 8nj 1.087 5077 IJ.fX)! !.!( 0,083 3j,i;(i
.430 ..|37 .J.|i) ."87 jjiuj ,013 1,17 .oiS.i j^
.14
.058 3757 "138 673 .(187 .|237 -o-t.'i 1
1; .o-'U SO I
l,
-138 .450 i iH 087 3353 "37 I/'-'
osy :;.|.p 4<ii 573 .087 J48( .o.So (j-ji^i JJ .OH.!
,0.|y

.059 (>7N<i I.<>81 3033 0.083

0737
."8.1 7-M3
,(tH.j <>(>)
.(NJ 5/yo

2..I4S Ofil
11.530 55<> 2.405 1.083 t/i.17 u.iai 73-1
-\--\<>
083 t/^o ."33 KOI
.447 553 ''34 .08(1 1
SS- !) >8| 4333 .
).|'l (Mil .1)8,! 3316
.448 riHfi .|f'i3
.08) H;7ii .Iftf 1.H3
.085 3 .170 318 .08,! 1(171

1.064 o; n.58 347 2.500 .08.5 y.tfia .cvHj 0850

log,(o")
II
SMITHBONIAH TABUS
250
 The Exponential.

SMITHSONIAN TABUS
 The Exponential.

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
252
 The Exponential.

SMITHSONIAN TABLCM
253
 The Kxponciitiiil,

ii loiimdi")

H<> ,|5tt
.'id S ),(

M7 .U7.|
117 7^0
a.Ho-
.80
.807
.Kof

l.iiJO I., -'I,! OS.!.

0.057 ~<
..:.;o 8018
"57 -'115
.''-1.1 17 ",^7 '51,
.050 8.'
.1157 Of/.i
.059 "57 o.;oi

2.815 " .
05<) o."5'i i)8.u
,8id !-'-' 'J7.1.1 .050
.817 '/'<> 50> 15 tJ.r.1 .05(1 8']i);
.7-1,1 ,1.1 IS 55'>'> ,"5'i 8i.,'.|
!!() .700 08 -o.S<> 7557
a.Kjo
0.050" *'nj8y

!L O.'id

."50 5850
(i.j.;;)

M7 7.180 .(Mjit (unj .o;;(p 5-'oi

i.jM i^yiti

.8,7 .050 I'JO.!

-".s(> ,i".i. i

A.'H .('50 i.tin '10

050 0710 .o.'ifi 1909
r. :;:!(
0.050 oi;.:i;
.8.11

ikl.1

5H 777.1 J.i.! 5<>.'i,i

3.8.15 0.058 7185 .>.'iS 85,18

.8,10 -'M7 -I.W
'";;> 7'J'J"
,OM ,|()
| .058 liou ".H:) 7.1,1-'
Ai8 .(iMi sd
AW .oyH (is .HHy

2,R]0 0.058 ,|:57 i.;jfis i in 17- 00,! ,11(1 ".f'.'i.l 570.)

'J.W 5-15,1 iH.oi I 1.!
. ,
.'5.1 <)7'J>'i
ALT .
167 TOO
AH y.'i 1335
OSS 35.M

0.058 1,1. |3 .
81)5 iH.oft.1 501
.o;;f{ 07(1.: .101 501
A|7 o.SH olHi 1511 .110
.
..158 70;; 055 '885
Aig
'.17 flt.l 55 M.M
(K7 (^)JJ ',1,1 i^-t* .055 078.')

3.850 0.057 &W3 .IJOO .'59 -1510

18.17,1 MS 0.055 O-M.'

oo.to")

tiMiTMaoniAN TAOLCO
254
 The Exponential.

3MITHOONIAM
255
 The Exponential.

.jO.oS.T fi.i7

3" 5(10,1
3'5 Ol-M 'x)7 -'33

21. (15 3. ,U..<; M .U-S u.n '.4

/,i.|
^l .l.'i. i' .!
1
i'j,' ; .ii/M .A
07
.oH
AX) 5'J

0,0.15 -I'm
350 O.SSK
35.1 I
|(-i
350 3-M7

3- IS 23.3.^1 of'5
.10
.17 3/0 7M5

.'.| 7-MS

.533 7-!

I.. Ill

>-o,|i) 537
3" 33'-
575 773

I- 133 1
.I" -"
-.1.17 51-17 o.id 510.;
-III S77 ,(|!ii) UM<)

150 5-l3<i 035 -1370

0.031) oKll 3-5

.3'' -\5f) -'-US

.(ifiit
7HX'
",(! 0175
iw
.H)

3-K) 0.0,13 3733

-MS

.711 IA),j

3-15 3' .500 3<ja 0.031 7.|S<> I.7I,'i ,|t'i,U

..]*. .Kid U77 .o.ll .!<>!{
-17 OOH) 3-M.Vt 713 .(VU 1170 t-i-ji OI-S 87.11
.OH .yjj
SIS
.(il.S ($50
73'! ki.'io .dirt .|iw7

3-50 ^o 0307
0.030 .(.00 '737 I7?J SI-S'jH 0.018 315^1

lOOnto")

SMITHSONIAN TAHLCQ
 The Exponential.

SMITHSONIAN TABUS
257
 The Exponential.

* i'" :'ii
' *
o i unf '
j\v ^

.IBS 844^ 154-470 015 .otifi .(7J7

0.005
005 ,

(ins .

005 3535
005 3003
 The Exponential.

SMITHBONIAN TABUS
259
 The Exponential.

..'M.i 1175 ,i,;o

.i;- .>;.7

i-'5 -'.*<> .117

.i.id .i-;7 OIK,
(11) U-'5 .'17N 1 7.1
7o -!5i 5.1.1 KV
7i l.li') l,|<i .!|U 0-M
l
7-: (,11) <;.!
ni, l Oil,
73
71 (.1.;) 7.! i.:o <nlt
75
7"
77 (.1,0 ,((i.t ;;t |
iJ,!
(.1,1) l,l,l .1''i -|H-!

(.Ill 400 (HM .)7,|

Ko ;M. 7- 1.155 ff'S-M (.M) iMo .|ji 1,0
Mi (.15) ''0,i i/i/ 7,;,)

(.15) AH ,!<-) 071

3 (,1'i) Jljff ;;>!.[ .';<)(

H|
,i
(| ,
()I.SO,l IK/MM
.17-.1IO,!-! 5-M37.

,lM,,!l7<H ,| 1075
Ho

.1,11 /.JO
OKI

-MS I.M 55.1

ifti l-M ooM

-|0~- ,i.|S (41) ,!O,1 MX) .'Ir*!

1.1.1 H.1.1 .|7j (-1.0 7-17 "07 -Ml

3(1.1 707 00;i
O'l
(.(;!) 10! I,),! l.JO
KXI Hi<;o,i

Ilit- niinilicni in sfiimrn ItrnckolH ili-nntc tlu> inimlnTn of

M nr.-; |.riwi In* li
hist iitfuri' Kivcn find the dcriinal 1 "
|ioin| f ( .r fsmntilt Ilic firM nine lij.-nn
; f ,

HIV ;nn[ ili.-iv arc l.i inktitiniiiil linnri-s Iwfnrc Ilic dn'inKil
|iiH.|7n.(, nuini i<.
rcaclii'il.
Mii-jiiinikiTH in purt'iMln-KCH di'iioic tlu> inniitirt'i nf riplu-r.. hrtwrni
tin ili'dinnl pmtii niid Ific firiil
1

sitriiilicntii |iiin-; for i-xainpli-, in r

M
ihrrc un-
?.\ nphurH liclwcon lliu (kicimnl and
point Hie (Uiuros nj.'H7.|<>S<;.

SMITHSONIAN T/UILEI
260
 Auxiliary Table for Interpolation of Logio(e).

(p
= n X 43420 44819 . .
.)

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
 Auxiliary Table for Interpolation of LoHi,,(e).

(['-= ii X ,[3.|.!g .|.|Nit) . .

.)

0.250 o.,ion
HHJO1

15331
11031

1
1075 o-.io.s 15 1 17 In/'Hi
1 1 1 IK 15. I'H
1 1 161 ,(57
iu!j|7
i
IJ05
">MI
0.310 '5' '35
"1335 ..|<>l
.

,'lHl-tl
"37<> . 3 ' -.'
157.!!
I I,|J.! 157''5 /iinii
;:!o3 !

0.365

I<MJ.!5

0.-J70 117X1 0.37" 0,.1/n ; .;o|t.!

1
1760 .37" 171 i
/n|;;;i
.I/',! i
,'.!](/)
11856 l/iliji)
17,1 ,
,M.'i.|/
l
lyoo
17-

I'll IS
37''
..177
i-l-'IS .37*

0.330 >
1.1,1 -i 0.3^1 O..|30
..|3I
K 151 jo
"^33
"-I50S

1
3.177

.-1.17

-.13"
1-17-M

0.31x1 lf>037
..(')!

3U-I
-I'M

0.3.15
34<> I710M .-t'Xi
-.3.17 15070 ..107

fil'57 173.,'H

0.300 0.350 0..|CH) 17,17-! ai7iS

it

SMITHSONIAN TABUO
262
 TABLE V

NATURAL LOGARITHMS

'

NoTK In Table V, for
a value
log.w HitfficcB to give
the last place.
linear interpolation of
greater than 158,
in
whose error ia not greater than one unit

263
 Natural Logarithms.

'
IT
"Hull ri)

JOOO
HXU

17^0
57 1
7S-I
1
72.1
in ii 59 "'!J5

KMMM)
(JIIOI

71-13

ir (i()(>7

>!< 00573- 70
3."ll.'i-! 7'
3' 1

7-'
3- MS 1.1 |K 7,1
-3-17" '1 107 7-1

75 ','1.1 3
3..!5Hio 1.3*173 i.'ll'i

77
3571
7<J

3333 Ho
3--l.l,('JO

3.-l''57-l 3 '-'5 i. ;.!<>

;i.-l!A'il

I1UO

fl-MMS 1 1
yd
(.pHl'i.i
:i.'n

SMITHQONIftN
 Natural Logarithms.

5.52146
VMS
5.,
5-5-KM.1
5-53339
5.5,173,1

5.5-1^6 72031
5.54518 72359
5 -54908 7J685

73057
73079
74300
74620
74939

5-57973 752S7
|6s a>5
75574
.*>7 5.58725 75890
461 .
76205
.70519
457 I 2(19 5.59471

70832 312 I 370

78074 309 1 374

5.61677 .78383
5.62040 .78690
.

S -62-102
15.62762 -70301
5.79606
5.63121
303 5.94017
.135 I 280 5 .63:179 5,94280
302
,m 28. 5.63835
301 5-94542
5-44"74 300 5- 9
;!8 3 5-6,15.15
5..1M"4 ,,-><)
299
5-4553^ 427 284 5.6.1897

351 5.8MI3
350 5.81711
348 5.82008
347 5.82305
346 5.82600

96615
5.82895
5.83188 96871
.97126
5-83481
.97381
5.83773
,97635
5.84064
,|IO B 294 5.68358
5.97889
5.6861)8 339 5.84354
5.84644 5.98141
5.69036 338 5-0839-1
5.84932
S.69373 337. 5.98645
336 5.85220
5.988IX)
334 5.85507

SMITHSONIAN
 Natural Logarithms*

9NIAN TABU a
 Natural Logarithms,

SMITHSONIAN TADLCB
Natural Logarithms.

268
 Natural Logarithms.

Loo ( .u
LOU..U

IOOO 1721 7.45066 2111 X.825 25

1001) MO/ 2U3 7.05586 7.83241
'.101,1 1.17,1 1733 7.45761
1019 1381 213H X- 83953
1021 17-17 7-40566 2137 X. 8-ino

KM 1 175,1
103.1 X.-17-'50 2I.|3
103() 1X77 2153
10-10 7-67833
105 1 0.957,'io 1787 X- 18829 21X9 7-85980

lofii 1780 7.494'i 2203 7-86057

47 iHoi 7.86672
7.49610 2JOX
7,. Mm 1811
7-51)10.1 7.86978
7.508-M 7.87131
6.99185 IS!) 7 '.28551 1831 X. 7 1289

KMM 7.521,12 2239 7- 71378

loo/ 7.5--8S7 X-7i'557 7.HS.J95
i KM X.oo.v )1
7.8S57I
7.01 CM 7.S3-U3 7.887,21
1117 1873 7-53530 x.Sycwi

1 1 3.1 1877 22X3 7.72886

1 1 .!<> 1870 7 -73 -'37
1151 X. 01839 7..1*153 1 88-")

1
1.'13 1901
i MM X ,05876 7-73936

1171 7.34148 7.556-13 7-74-157

1181 7-31530 2311 7-745-14
1187 23.1,1 7-75491 x, 90507
1550 I'M9 7.57507 2,139 7.75748 x. 90581
I2o'l 156'7 1951 2341 7-758.13 7.90802

1571 7-.W47 1973 7.5873T |23-I7 2729 X. 9 11169

1570 X-590.T5 2.151 2731 X. 01 242
70<i 7.59438 2.157 7-7651. 274 1

7-37.
c
7.59740 2371 X-77'07 27-19 7-9 i&W
lOoi 2377 7-77359 2753

I 1607 7-38212 Tot*) 2381 7-77528

-'37
2383 7.77,112
161,1 7! 38585 20M X.X/8'M 2789 7.93344
20 IX 2303 X- 78030 279' X-93-1'6
T377
1279 20.17 7.61.131 2399 X.X&-'8l 2X97

1627 2411 7.78780 2801 7.93773

7.70028 2803 7.938-15

7.10317 7, (12706 2819 7-94414

7-O.V92 2833
7.17089 7. .11878 X- 63482 24-M X- 80016 28.1X 7.95050

7,80262 7-95262
2083 2450 7-80751 2851 7-95543
1.107 7- '75.10 .

1310 7 7.. 13(103 ai7 7."I3-|8 7.81076 257 7-95753

aotSy 7.81,119 aSfu 7.95.893
7 7- .137 X.().|,|.(4
SKXJ> 7.81480 2879 7.96520
7 7.6-1023

6MITHSONIAN TAHUCD
269
 Nnhmil

SM1TH80MIAN TAHUKO
 Natural Logarithms.

8MITHDONIAN TADLEB
271
 Nithiral I.oraritlimii.

TABUB
 Natural Logarithms,

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
273
 TABLE VI

THE flUDERMANNIAN

275
 The Gudcnnannlan,

Ull
0<l II ml" Ull II II

o.ono o oo 00,00 0.050 O.O[O 0/0-!

,001 o 03 -'X.Ki .050 0770
.OOJ o 0:1 5~'.53 .051 i)7
( ''i

.003 o 10 iS.j'o ,05" 075-'

o 13 45.0 i

0.005 O.OCl'*. OfXX) oooo o 17 u .3.1 0.054 ''/'-'3

01 K 10 o -'o 37.5^ ,055 o/oS

.007 OIIOO o j.( 03.8 i
,05(1 <,<').!
.ooS (llllll) (I .!/ 30. 10 .057 '75
.(KM) OOOO o 30 5(1.3:1

0.010 o.oni) (j<)()H

.011 .010 y*)<>S

3 <'') .11-3"
.01 J .oil <W7 3 3.1 "o.-M
3 ,(fi .;d. lo
.013
.014 3 3!' IM-'M

0.015 5' 33.^'

.015 o 55 oo. 10
jH -id. 33
.017 <><,<;( 1 01 fi.i.57
.018 (ntt 1 05 lB.8:i ofiy

0.020 I <)S 45.0.! o.o6(j 0|-'|

.O.M
r 15 37-1" .0/1 037' -'<>5.

i 10 03.07 .o/-: 035. ,!0!i.

.073 03,:*"

0.025 T ;!5 50. OH ..'Oft. JO 0,075 4 "7 3,'i-.l"

i #; JJ.JH .:o.'>. jo .07" 4 ,!1 ui .uii
.0^7 l 3J ,|H..|7 .077 4 -!! .[((.7-1
l 3'' 14."'' 4 -7 5-'.. 0'

,OJO l
39 40. H| 4 31 ill, MI

0.030 l
43 07-O.i JOf), 17 4 34 13."'
I 4" 33-'!' 4 i*j,,!l
.031 .:oo',i7 3!-!

0.1-' l 4" !i'>.3,'i JOli, 10 4 4' 31. -'i

.033 IJi/til 4 -l.'i !>".,(''

jott.is 4 .(Jt ,j;i..M

0.035 0.034 J oo 17.7?) 4 M r.'. 14

03<> "35 ii
03 43.93 Jirft. 13
:;
07 lo.o'i .oH/ .O'-l'l ,'4jO;> 4 S -I-M1
;! lo 30'. iM .<)H8 '//'I ,1
o,! 117. <M
.iOfj.13
.030 ,o,4H iVl,:/

A 17 JH-3'J jon', 10 0,O<JO O.O.^j ^7!?;* ?i OH ,'iM.!-:.-

'A so 54-1!' 5 L! .M.-'.".

1

JoTMrfi ,(!).! ,i[<)i ft/ * I'l

.043 .003 *i 10 IS. "3

.044 ,o.)3 ttfiitj

0,045 a 34 3.7<) o.0<n M574 5 ^> <t'i./, ;

(

,0.|0 a.iKo.i.H.| ^J
,'i ,11 .'^
.047 2 41 30.M 5 3^ .'/'..t'*-
1

,0,|H ,(K;8
.049 oHo, |
^(Kl.OJ

0.050 0.049 9793 9088 2 51 <|B.9"i 206.01 0, UK.) .(>0(> 8,1,37 995"

u 2lnn-'(o 11
) A MB elm 2!arr'<t") IHi" J
wscolill

QMITHBOttlAN TAdLCB
 The Gudcrmatmian.

SMITHBONIAN TAPLEB
 The Gwlerniiinntan.

I! (I II ad LI

O. 10-S
. HJO 0001 II .!0 22.
.2(11) 0.101 H 30 4<1-
.HOI (>2<)O 11 .1,1 07. II

.303 II 3<' 39.17

0,30,1 S7<X> H .10 5' -10

n ,;;i 13.
.-'u$ 5374 1 1
-to 3S- JOI ,I)J
1 1
.|o 57.02 201. M
.307 4010 H 53 iK.fy

0.310 11 5(i -10.71

12 00 03. .(H
0770 13 0.1 2.1.

0777 13 0(1 -l;i.

0775 13 10 07.50

0,213 3035 0773 12 I.') 30.17

31-1 3307 0771 13 10 5<>-74
.315 ,1107 12 20 13.20
..210 JIJ.IS 13 33 ,13-7.1
.217 3/01 12 30 55. lH

30 10.57 20I..17
,310 33.i/ 3.1 37-03 31 H. .1.1
,JJO loH'i 3<> 50.3.1 201,.,'M
.((> 20. .10 31 1
I.J.I
.13 -11,7"

0.22,1 T353 0753 JOI. If)

,23.1 HK'3 075" 301 . I I

.335 0?5.i ..'Ol.Oll

.226 0|00 07-10 301 .03
.337 02-1,1 0743

0.2,10 07-11 i.l 03 .)M.oH

.33 1
0730 13 07 oK.ijo.
.3.13 13 10 20.^5
-MO OK*) 0735 1,1 13 50.00
13 I/ 1 1. .13

0.3.15 0.2.12 Hofi.| 1.1 20 33.15

.3.1( -3.1.1 H.103 13 3.1 -j.l.K.1

.331 Hl20 13 37 1,1-45

-
335 7S i ]

'3 3.) 5.1-50 00,51

0.2,10 0710 '3 37 15.05

07 '<) "3 40 35- to
'3 -13 55.M
07'3 13 -17 lfi..r.i

0.3-15 0707 M S3 So. 77 O..I05

.310 1,157 to.oM !<X>, IH
.3.17 0703 14 00 3/.I.1 iOO. 1,1 307
M 0.1 57-33 !OO.OS
14 07 17-30

0.250 0.247 4358 14 to 37,30

o ah u 2lnn~'(oV DO" "OCllU

SMITHSONIAN TflBUO
 The Gudennannlari.

Oil u ml u
UCl U D.I II

ifi 5(1 1 1 . do 0.350 o()55 19 22.34

o.3oo 0.203 5987 .1.3-13 9-|i7 ;l<> 194.25
555-3 9503 -351 344 (1071 9414 19 4J .1(>.55
.301 .sryCi
95 f 7 OJ 40.13 35.: -.141 94 50.70
3O-2 .207 5114 ' I 1
if) 4.i i(;4. 1 1

.:>()8 40'73 55 197.15 .

353 345 i<; .-|9 0.1.78 104.05
30.1
9555 lo/.oij -.154 346 2 9-105 19 18.80
.304 .299 4-'-!9 S-:

0.305 O.3OO .' 9553 17 I-' 37.48 >7. >3 0-355 3..L17 77' 19 55 33.7.5
9549 17 15 S4"l 35'' l'W.85
.301 33.11
19 n.,|2 337 20 (12 (Xi.45
.307 .302 2882 9547 17 ..14') 9395
.30,1 2427 9514 20 05 I.J.2O =93.72
954 350 351 5-'8i jo 27.88
,304 1909
'

o.3'o 0.305 1509 953* 20 ii 4 50r .

3H , 3<}fi IO.J5 9535 J '4

20 18 oH.5.|
55.05 "93-52
.312 - 307 0579 95.12 .35-1 .1-1 .1^ 19.1- 5 1

.3118 01 10 93-9 3;i5 -'Wot) 9,175 20 21 IT. 95

3 1,1
.3 i-l .308 1X138 95-:'' 17 4-J <.,Vi *o 24 .15.30 193.32

0.309 9'0',1 9521 17 45 2-1 Al 9,10>?

20 27 48.59 193-25
.3 it) H(M.i 9521 17 .| .p. iy 9.1' if) 20 ;ii 01.80
.317 .311 8204 95'8 17 Si 57.,*i8 -359 20 34 14.95 "93- n
.318 ..lia 77-' ' 9515 i/ 55 13-87 .,159 9350 20 37 28.03 193.05
.319 .313 7334 951-3 17 58 30.10 ..jfio 20 40 41.04 192.98

18 or HX). IJ 0-370 9352 -o 43 5,1. <j8 192,91

0.320 0.314 67-14 950') 40'.;;')

371 9349 20 47 oh.Kii HJ2.H4

3-n .315 oafij
322 .310 5757 100.01 .37-' -.10.1 9.146 20 50 19.6(1 192.77
.317 5-58 iK ll 31-10 -37.1 (|(OO 9313 20 5.1 3J..| 192,70
323 95011
9197 SO. 3-' 195 9339 20 56 45.07 192.63
.32-1 .318 4757 itf 1-1 -to) 37.1 57-1 1

0.325 0.3 "9 'I "5^ 9191 "J5.K3 0,375 9336 20 so 57. '7 192.57
9491 195.77 .307 4.113 9.J33 21 1O.20 192.50
.320 37-15 -.17'' 0,1

,3-n 3-M5 iM j.j 37. JM 195.71 .,177 .3(18 37,],! 21 22.05

(lT)
192.4,1
.327
.3J3 2721 9 1*5 iH J7 53.40 1
95- ''5 .,lf" 3071 ^ "9 35.05 192.311
'121 .22O 11
) 18 31 oo.oiJ l
ij5 .
58 !l79 .37*' 23SJ5 2[ 12 47.38 193. ag

0.330 0.33-1 9470 1 8 34 34.57. I05.5a 0.380 0.371 21 15 59.0,1

18 ,17 .jo.oft 2] 19 1.82
1

18 .((i $3.4') 195.40 .373 0347 21 22 23...J,!

3.12 i>i7,i
.327 OIK) 18 |] in. 85 105.3.1 37.1 iXigH 93"9 21 25 ,15.'J7 KJ2.O1
18 .17 iifi.in l'.J3."'7 .374 (y>5 9305 21 28 47.95
33-1

0.335 0.328 9044 9-lfi-l

18 50 -11.40 0.375 82 19' .87
-33<> 3.29 85<x 94''l 18 5.1 50'. 57 -370 21 ,15 H.M
.
337 iH 57 IT."' .377 191.7,1
.331 74 w 9155 nj (X) aft. 21 .'lT 35. M
.379 5449 Jl 44 46,7(1 191 .
59
3.13 <i875 94SJ 19 3 41

.380 473'' 21 47 58.31 101.51

0.333 0325 9-149
21 51 09.79 191.44
ID 10 ii
1
-334 577; 9445 . ..191

.342 335 5^ M) M
2(1.30
Jl 54 21.20 M) '-37
.343 .330" 4657 9439 19 lf> 41.03 .393 9275 21 57 .in. 5.1 191.30
.34- 3.17 4095 9-13' Ifj HJ 55- 7" 9271 22 OC> 4,1.8O I9l-a,1

o 345 0.338 in? ya(>8 23 0,1 5-1.99 191 . if)

. 3521, 5*133 19 33 10.30 191-57 0..195 0..185
.39' ..lHf> 038,1 92M4 22 07 Otl.lT
.3-K
22 1O I?. lO' 191.01
.347 .340 2 l(> 2t) 30. .11 l<)4-4'1 307 .
'iiSfi 1/14 "j

.387 H., 22 1,1 AS. I 190.94

.3,|I I,
9-134 19 32 53-72
,jH8 8159 925-1 190.87
.3-lt 3-13 9420 19 36 oH.of; 11M.3I

0,350 0-343 0*117 19 39 23.3 0.400 0,389 74" 9250 22 19 49. 190.80

u wSCOlll

SMITHHONIAM TABLES
279
 The Gmltirmimiiiiui.

(Jll II

<HI.','
'

X)

o..i i(> i>ij;;i

.(in

"
'I' 1
*U.i" ,-'- i.
1
;
,;.', i;
'j*>V '

f^j.'ji .''" .;.'! ,i'ij i

..jus :ii)!o MIJ,. i :

.v. ;,i |n,(, ,

''017 i
.'>> ;-;( .[|,f'
ttn.1 .:'
;,; ,(M,.;-.

'. IJ'i .|0-fS i "-,' 1') ! -7 i*-'

,i '..II
,
i/.i ,iH.i,: j
X-j,!,., |
.7 n.( y...i.'
"Vl..
1
^
"Hl-.'il

jv-yij -/ id KIJ,

iHj.ijj

tun 'In") ,,
j mcli n 2Mn 'Ic-ij [>' MIHClllI

SMITHSONIAN TAIIL.CB
 The Gudennannian.

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
281
 The Gutlermanimui.

111! II
ail ii Oil II

32 aH 5*.*5 o.fxx^
3-' .11 5-:-

i73
.570 30(11 1/3

o.57f MX' 173.

-571
3-! -10 "-I -.
idM.56
.U 5.! t'7'M.i
,1J 55 01.01

0.575 31^-1 O.fi'M)

.(no 1(1(1,1 107.07

.(uy <>^>.| 107. HH

0.579 5377 33 13 l..!it i).6.:o ;u|i

.5*0 37 1
1
15 111.70 .O.ti (x)7,{
iH 03.. jo
H.15.1 -' 55-55
J3 -|7. Hi

>-5*3 7>55 H.1-1-1

-5*1 5-197
5*5 3*3.1 H3.15
33 35 i5-*7
3* 07-65

0,5X7 33 -10 59.3-1 0.675 i>0|6

*3i7 13 -1.1 50.9,1 .670
5*') MR-i .677
.5')" 37'" .67H .(Mi 3-'*l
.6,1-! 1,15-1 l.vt K Ji

J.5<)J 0367 1.1 55 "6- .1.1 171. 16

171 ,o'i Ifrfl.Jl

;i/|
no 5H.,|6 170.117 111!). 1 1

50,| 5.!.|0 ;ll "3 ,|0..'.H I70.H7 !(*). 01

3,( od .HI..ID I'i5.9.l

II o<) 30.03
M i^ a 1.50 7<t..W Ho.ll
-637 .507 H.I,' 170,-1'J
.03* 5<>N (if MM 1.1 iH (i.i !
5.1
.(Ml)

).6oo 3115 II 11.1 -l.l.i.l 170,^*0

2li 33 *> 1/0. II
.601 (/KM) 17^1,0!
.(10.! VH,|(J II 3J 13.3''
II 33 "3.17 ;v/i

'.()0.|. ,|,U5 <).{' j.'i '/fit

,17 ix) (.1 ,(>M 161.7.1
,6o(i 07(1.; II '13 32.10 17 H.! ,)fi,Ui K.,1.03
,6o!i II .(6 21.67 ,17 t'.'i .i.,t| l (l 1 5.5
,607 11 !!) H.05 .17 iN is.yj

0,650 34 S 00.3.1 17 II (HI. 10

u w
wioolut 2lwi">( )"80 aoolm u a in,, ineli u

flMITHBONIAH TABUB
282
 The Glider ma nninn.

TABU*
283
 The Gudermannian.

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
 The Gudertnanntan.

yd u F,/

i.7')H48-M 45 44 58.8o
.700 17O-S 45 47 -^-67
(M)fxM 45 40 4''- 45

45 54 33-09

45 56 57.K)
45 50 -'0.52

.804 (
M H7
.804 74.:.! <*.),!.!

|2,00
4(1 i i
15.79
12.69
46 id in. iH

i.SuH 8-30

|2.08
.Mil (i.S(w 4 i.<>7

o.Hl.! 3383 4I.H?

(
.11 58. (11 -I
I
77

6 39 41.91 4 1 56
d 42 03.-15

0.815 77 41-35
4d ,|(i. 16
40 "7-3' 41.15
6 Si -"8-45 41-05

6 s6 TO.;i. 40.84
40.74
17 oo 51 .Hi
40-53
17 os 3J

17 t7 5.1.^:
17 w M-5.
17 U 33- J
17 "4 53-;
47 17 i37. 1,'W.yi

O.H.J5 DOIT. 47 19 33-' I39.8i

47 a I 53-3
17 iM 13.1' 130.<>l
47 139-50
:J> 3:|.5
139-4"

47 .11Ti-3 1.19-30
-17 33 30.11
47 .15 4')- 7 130.09
47 iH oH.H
47 4 277

o.'J50 67** 47 42 4<

Ktnn ") HODll 1

8M1TH80N1AN TAtlUCfl
285
 The

SMITIIPONIAN
 The Gudermonnian.

SMSITHBOfflAH TAB LEU

287
 The Guilermannimi.

11 in! u Ulllt (Hi II

till

11.1. <).! I, ill.! 7,l;iO

5<> .in -7- -I" n.l.S.t

113-73
f.o' .11 '-MM '
13. 'M
"3-51

".I. t-l

113-35
M. !..!;
.<;<> .[,i -P.*)-' li.l. l(>

5<> -15 35-o.l l

l.l.od

i ,.;f>o
> i
. .;.'

5<> 5N -II. '7

.1.05 01. |N 57 oo .<(t.?,i

5.131
.LI-7 57 oft o, ;.(ii r

,17 ou Sd.ijo
57 .(M.(;
1 1

57 "3 l<>.3 ) 1

57 "5 .11. 'X)

57 '7 -M.,10

.001 51

I.. MO I.OfU 0", .|H.<H> I 1 l.<K) l.J)

I lll.l.'l

.S.I 77 I in. i n
57 30 -!i..|;i I lo.Jil

57 3-: i.!.Ji llu.71

1.335 :.oo,| 7| 18 57 3-1 (W.MM

.23<> .t)"5 -77<> .17 35 53-15
535 I 57 37 .13--M
53 I!) 57 30 3-1-3..!
53.15 sx .u y-i.di

I.i},|0 1.01)7 57 .13 M.H.!

.2,11 57 .IS (M.(W
S7 -10 5l.o,|
.17 .|N ,|.|.fi(i

57 50 3|.d;j

1. 2.| 5 T.CIIO ()H.!,i 53 1

57 53 3-I-I3
.010 01,)IJ 57 5-1 '!<'/
.on 1.150
.on 0750 53<M 57 57 53 '"K UKJ.,|I
57 5U -IJ.-H

1 .
25<) 5JS 58 oi 31.73 1
,^'KI , .11

i
aocli u w BOOtt U

SHITHBOMIAfJ TAULCD
 The Glide rmannian,

i
.300

103.9:1 4824 61 09 18.15 99.51

W !'> 10. .|5 .359

1 . 360 i .068 3209

.OfhS 8O22

50 5,1 11.11 ,O(K) 7637

5!> 54 54-55 103.40 .070 2439

-178 103.31 1.365 1.070 7236

7' I

(to oo 04.34 .071 6817

<> 01 47.4,1 .072 1601
.072 6382

1.048 71(16 60 05 13.33 102.86 1.370 1.073 '

158
.010 -si;; i (K) ()() 56.14 io.!. 77 -371 .073 59^9
.010 7131 60 08 38.87 37-J .074 0(197
,n;;o .MO7 60 10 21.51 102.59 -37.1 .074 54(10
o;iO 7079 102.50 374 .075 0220

(io 13 46, 1. 375 1.075 4975

(HI If, 28. N<_> -37'> .075 97^5
(i 17 n.17 102,24 377 .076 4472
102.15 .076 9215
() 20 35-47 37'J .077 3953

I.33< 101.97 1.380 1.0778687

101.88 -078 3-. .

3,1'
..u 101.79 .078 8143
j

.r; i^'in' nil .71 .o/u 2K(>s

i;i,j 0-1.07 101.62 38-1 .079 7582

101.53 1.080 2295

101,44 .080 7005
101.35 .081 1710
Of 35 50. .1.1 101.26 .(xHi CM n

101.18 .082 1107

37 3i.<>s

lor.og 1.390 1.082 5800

I.. 14"
(io ia.?H
101 .00 391 .083 0488
..i|< OJ[0
f)0 4 %34.78 100.0,1 .083 5173
..it.;
(M 44 15-65 .393 .083 9853
..113 .O<X> 07.:;}
60 .|5 50.43 39-1 .084 4529
.iX> it''' I

(io .47 37.12 IOO.65 1.305 1.084 9201

I.3l.'i
IOO.5<) .085 ;.
100.47 .oSs 8532
(K) SO 58.2-1
I00.3B .080 3192
(K) S- 38. ()?
oo 54 19.01 100,30 390 .086 7847

(io 55 59-27 100.21 1.400 i .087 2498

i BOO 111! NSDQllU

?,isir '(")
a

8MITHOOHIAN TAD LEO

289
 The

(111 U "IV

.000 <MJO
,<*> .!<)!-
.000 05<>i

.00,1 6,-jOi

.005 ()!--'

.006
i'
j
1^1 mj. 'i| tdl.Oi)
t,njX> -|(h'i;i 15<>7
O.!.;N 'M ",' .(')..( I '^'.M|
,(ii;(i
]'] "i n i,.il ::>*. M
.oo7 .1700
;'i', I" ,i'), I'l J'o.H.S
."07 K.I 17 1

tt| 1,' !"(.(' ::.j.70

6.1 55 .#-#

I.. LOOM /M-[0 i ..i x.i

.(>!>') 1001 ..!/'

.<i')0 6S.il>
.100 KV7.I
. loo 5<xid

(.101 CM 0,'i 00..11

6;) on' ,1.1.
(>0

. 101 OlH:>
.HI;? ;ioo7 6,1 in) .jo.oft
. io.! H.iio 6,i ti M.K>

I -i;i5 l.-l;i
-.1,1" 6,( i, | iij.ofi .,!''

'M IS ill -Ml ..(7

6,1 17 ,!.|,(>0 ..|Wt
<>3 i
57 -.U ..I*.

l..|.|0 I..M
.,|01

"1-1 a ,.1'M
-IW
-111 .107 .11 ix -I'M

M-15 1,107 75H't .|.|6x 6,1 a n.(ii I..10.H

-M<'.1

i-1-17 <M .It 15.71 oj .07

--1 )N io<J 1-155 6.1 H-! .|7-6;i tji.m
.
4. |t) 1-151 (M 3-1 10,,|H

I. /IS<) I . 100 o%o CM 35 51 '-'! I.JJ'XI

2l[ur%)",! munch
:|
u oo

8MITHOOHIAH TAOLICQ
 The Gudcrmanman.

SMITIIHONIAH TAUUEU
291
 The Glide miami tan,

llil u gil ii

ml u

'7-! 35o| 67 in 16. .|K Mi 1.03 1.650

.651
67 I.! 5d. ,10
07 I.] l6..!,l -'('53

67 15 ,1(1.0(1 .('51

(
1 6' ;.'i.(>o
I. (MIS 6*7 ,

17-1 67 i.S 15. ,11

175 i*>:>5 67 10 .M.N:>
.175 -15 1 07 -'i> S-l-.M
.

175 8,167 67 ;!- I3-7-I

6/ ,!,'! I I
.511

07 j,S !lt).6.S

i.flrji i?iS U'X' 1 .6'iii t.i'io S.MO

.
107 -!IMH
.61(1 .

i?H 5-! 1
5 67 31
.6(17 .M.7 .^'l
1
'

170 .^5,1 67 ;i.| o;i.o;i 7.S.71 .107 o.'i'.t

( il
.170 1X1(17 ('7 35 .-M-73 , .)

1.670
,d7l

37US

,18 1 T.('75
,(7"
! i] 67 -15 .'ii'.-l!' .('77 ..nil !0|''
...MI 5553
.
iM.i 67 ,|7 oK.;iI
, 1
83 .\(n$ 07 .[H j(>..]6 77-91

. ,|<> .1-1-33
67 51 oj.i.i
67 <j.i 10. H i

37' M
INS 3-157 07 5-1 55.11

67 5^ ia. ('w 77-lH 73- 'X'

, iWO 0070 67 57 3"- 07 77- 1
1

67 5H ,|7..|.| 77-31
! IHO k](><) (iH on 01-7.1 77-:"
(xS ol JI.0,7 77.19 '> 01 i.i-,:;;

(W da ;i*j.i~' 77.13 IKJ t'l.'i ,,'(i.'Kt

,
iNy </ioi
(l ttft .l'i..|.'l

373-' (os 13!].! frtj (17 >.(.'C)

..I MM 7155 (. 06 .10. id 7''. ol
. iHy <>MMl 37U5 6.S 07 ,17.03

I. Cxi 5 i - iHt) ,|(H)5 37^-! (iH o<> 03. H.i

.'MO . |M<) K^;!fl 37 IB <iH 10 jo, 56 .,:o7 ',^7-1
, i<jo ;io,|i 37 iiS OS ii 37..!.! 70. 6it 73-M
1(V|H .'!> 575-1 37" 6H in ,l;i.Ho ..!oK yirfis 73-<7
370* 68 1. 1
10. JJ 7(1. .|K 73,00

i.ioi 3170 370.1 rt8 13 36.76 76. -I! 1,209 -I M.I

u> 800 till '(*)") 00 toch it

SMITHSONIAN TAULCB
apa
 The Gudermanman.

TAMLCI1
293
 The GudeniiiUinian.

(III II

nil W\ l<

I) / /'

i 13 -10.. l

(
IS 53.<\t

l 18 (15.- 1
'

T 10 i
!.;;<> 66.06
,:o ( H i ( )( )
i 17.5.1 .

3107

r.Hm .

.Kii ,.!.((> (18.17

(M.58
n :i? 5M,ni
^'.y\
W 0.1-51

'..'.,10
I ,;!.|7
1
(I )'! 1
3173 71 10 Oi), O.!
.2|8 jyia 31/0
3 I(| 7
3'6-l 71 33 "5-< rf > 65.. 15
3 16' l

;us
65.07

/l $ SO.S"
71 39 55. -17

i,J5i 11(8
..'51 -M30 71 .[! I'ji.l I

.251 730-7 /I .|,i (H).K(

.S2 05,13 .11.1-1 ?I -|.| I-l-iil

3131 ;i ,|.-i ly.u

6.1 .
5:1

71 -|7 aH.iS
..!;i,( 3" 13 71 .|H .v..S7
(
.-153 <>i 71 -10 ,! '.<)l
1

.353 U- 71 50 -U-- -!

i.25.| 3.1*/ 311.1

31H) /i 5:1 f
i).6fi

.ilfi-l
8! 31(17 X" 53 S3- 77
.ass i; 310,1 7" 5-1 S7.8.1

3101 71 56 oi. 8.)

C H 1 . 1
).
71 S7 03,76
'-KM/
7' So I3-. IS
7.! <K> 17.-!'
UI./O
.25? ouy /j 01 -jo.yo

6,t,6< i .805

7,1 o| 31.01
7-! os 35.06 -
-'73

J 07 .11.78 1.273

w BQOll
w such u inn

294
 The Guderniannian,

QMITHBONIftH TAQUEfl
 The Giulurmnuniaii.

ml u (III U
nil 11

7-\

74 30 .in.-'i
7-1 -I" .15-. 15
'>|u 71 -li .".8,|

..11 7 1N>||

7.1 -14

1.305 7'87

.3"'' J4.H
,.l*
rf >
.1035 74 5' .!5.<>!>

74 5-' i'J-51

1.307 0.-54 74 5.1 U-,15

,307 ~'8M) 74 ,'i | 07. 10
-.107 54 !)
4 74 5.'i
110.80
,,(117 Mi>:>3 ,:doo

..(oft ofiO.j 74 ;;(') .|K,0;i

, 1 ).!<) 7-1 57 41.5')

74 58.(5.*i8
7.] .so j8.;i.i

75 00 ,!!.()!

1
7. ) <'-'

75 in 50,50
75 u 51.31
75 13 43- Uft
75 M ,(''.< ,'!.!.
U)

' !
75 i.'i -!!.("> a.(>S j L.WJi 874
75 id 14. \(> .(>'*
75 17 <^.5 .Mi>7
75 17 flK.o.'i .o-,M
,<)!,()

2,050 a. UK) 1.327 cxA't

i
nouli u 2lntr 110" if S 00 lit) 1
atnn-' ^")-

'IAN T A til. CO
296
 The Giulermanniait,

ml

it (HX)I

.MM

1.3.188732

BMITHBONIAH T*u:
297
 The Giulcrm;mni;m.

a, 2(io 1.350
-Jill

1..151 iK.L!

-351 '"75
35T
-35-'

!.3IO
..MI
,;;!>
.213
353 13.I3

a..11 5 i-3, >3 35' 1 -'

:

.317 353 7^13

353 ')'.>(> I

.aty 35-1 a"li.-i

2. 2 JO 77 .(.'> io..|f>
77 .1'' 51. 7-'

77 37 .l8.<).|

.32.1 77 ,{U .13. 1 1

-355 28.^

1.355 -1070 77 3') 51-33

355 710(1 77 .|0 .15.. W
355 9-'3<> .3^' 3--W'
77 .1-1 03.31
1

77 -I- -I7.J5 -3''" 731.1

(
11
a 230
. 77 .13 31.1.1 -13.^ i .3 'f'>
u.;' )

.231 .3;i<> 775 1

77 .11 !i.7-l
l
77 .15 .|-!..l >

77 ,|h JO.MJ
'

I..157 77 .17 i).H.i -JOi'i ;'M .!.: 3'J-J!> .11.55

3.S7 211,| 77 -17 M..\V 1.1.
(fi -.'01,1 /! -'3 ".yH
,!! t I
77 .| 37- "I 13-55 .Mit !

;-.'! ,'i n,, ,,-^

1

2100 77 -19 ;:.57 '"). 7'1 '! 43-73

a 107 II

2105 77 50 -17-51 13.43

J 103 51 ,l.t;i .l.l..i ~vxi,i 1 7-i .;<> -i/.'U I
i. .11
J7
-13-31 .3'"' 3MI .!UII ^

yil ,7 .'9,1.1 .1 1 .
,7
359 ,' 77 fla !i7-5!J -l.l.-Ki ,3''9 5'i.s -1 " J.l

-359 5 77 .53 -10. 7 IJ.30 -I l

.
ly

i..15!) 7-'H,1 77 S-l 2-l.in

.359 9377 77 55 07.2D u'"X .37" i, -"'l
t:

.3.17 77 55 5. -14 -13-1.1 3/0 .l.'!iif> .11.17

,3|8 ..1']0 ,155') 77 5n 33-55 1.1.<>9 .37" SI'/)
,3(10 5<M7 ;toH7 77 57 Ki.te 4.|.o,| -3/1' 7479
1

i.3<x> 77,13 77 !7 S!).CM 4.1.00 3,300 1-370 PI''. )

2latr'(o")"00
()
lunh 11 Mieeliii fSIW'U 1

') IK." -' (ch

BMITIIBONIAN Tnntco
298
 The Gmlcrmimnlan.

oil u
ad u

a i a
'10,95 79 06 If). 0,1
.351 1888 79 06 55-OO 38.95

10,93
-10.79
353
-353
354
,381 0108 188:.
1885
79 07 3,1.0,1
79 08 12.82
'9 08 51.67
M
38.8-1

40,75 1.355 ..l8i 5759 1881 79 09 30.49 38.80

40,71 ,,lMi 7<)jy 79 10 09.27 38-76
.10.66 357 381 9517 1.877 79 10 48.01 38-72
.383 130-1 79 II 26.7: 38.08
40-59 359 .382 3268 1874 79 12 05.37 38.64

-.I" 1.382 5141 70 12 44.00

1
.3 1872 38.61
.3" 40.51 1870 79 13 22.59 38.57
/8 41 06.51 79 1401.14 ,18.53
40.4,1 .38.1 07.18 1866 79 M 39.65 38.49
78 43 27.37 40.39 1864 79 IS i8.i~> 38.46

nj.ufi 78 4.1 07.7.1 40.35 iR63 79 15 56.5(> 38-12

195-1 /8 43 48.07 ..l8,l ()3.l8 79 16 34.96 38,18
.383 8198 1859 79 17 13.32 38.34
40,23 79 i? 5I-04 38,30
78 -IS -18.8J 40. 19 .384 1855 79 i 8 29-93 38.27

40.15 .3/0 79 19 08. 18 38.23

40. U -3/1 384 .1<ii9 79 19 -lfi.39 38.19
78 47 49-2.f .372 .384 7470 1850 70 20 24-56 38,15
/H 48 iy.28 .373 384 9318 79 21 02.70 38.12
.385 n<>5 1846 79 21 40.80 38,08

2.375 1.385 3011 79 22 18.86 38.0.1

l'J.15 37'' 18-1.1 70 22 5'i.HS 38.00
103.1 .377 1841 79 23 34.87 37-97
n J.I I
39.8-1 .378 1839 79 2 12. 81 1

379 ,386 0374 1837 79 24. 50-73 37.89

39.70' 1835 79 25 28.60 37-86

3.11 39.73 .381 18,13 79 2f) 06.44 37-82
3,1-' 78 5-1 a. .386 I 1832 79 afi -H.2-1 37 78 ,

333 78 55 o/. fi? 39. CM '.33 ,,!,% 7708 79 27 22.00 37.71

..Ul 7 55 -I?.* .38.1 .386 0537 1828 79 27 59.73 37'7I

1.377 7/Cn) 78 56 2fi.88 39.57 2.385 1.387 1826 79 28 37-41

-.1/7 \f^< /H 57 <Xi.,U 39.53 .387 1824 79 29 15.07
.337 ,,'1/M Kin !37 .387 5013
" 1823 79 29 52-68 37. 6c
30.45 .387 1821 79 30 30.26
33') IUII 39- 'I
I .387 1819 79 31 07.80 37.52

a. 3-10 nxw 39-37 1.388 0.173 1817 79 31 45-30 37-19

39.33 .391 ,388 2289 1816 79 32 22.77 37-45
79 01 (W.I 39. 30 -392 .388 41 18 1. 79 33 00.20 37.41
79 01 .|3. 39-20 -393 -38H 59t7 79 33 37-59 37-37
.313
/y o.: m.. 39.23 39-1 .388 7728 1810 79 34 i'|. 37-34
.,11

03 no .6 1 2.395 1808 79 34 52.27 37-30

7<j

79 03 39.77 39. 14 .380 13.15 79 35 29-55 37.26

.370 7
79 04 18, 30. K 39? .389 3^50 1805 79 36 06.80 37-23
,,<Mo i.'ir

-i.l-l/ 79 o-l 57-97 .389 495-1 180; 79 36 44, OT 37-ifl

..(Hit
79 05 37-0- 39.o; ^399 .389 "757 1801 79 37 21 if .
37.15

1800 79 3/ 58.32 37.1:

a. 350 7p 06 16.03 38.90 3.400

wsootiu u seoli u
WIT Oil 2tnn"'(o)-00 wiCOllU 2 tun-Hen)
2 tan II

MlTIIHOHIAN TAItUfl
299
 The Giulernunniim.

U-' II

[>'<K.

0005

..[(Mi l/llO

I'V* fit 1.
3103 1 (KI.'J.l ,1

lOii.l

401 01/5

,''-t 16 ;;;. 4,'; 31-!'-

K*t 17 .!"..!.->' 34-/H
Hi
1

i. ' U.;,MI .11-75

'

l( i> i.'t .I'J.i't .M,7i

IVt n> 14- M

40,1
.401 o,i,'i

.40.1 it)Ho
401 30.17

-KM 5-WJ3
4i'-|

.4114

loth u

SMITHnONIAN
300
 The Cinder man iimn.

ml ml ii
ml it
Qll II

1
.411(1 ij'M't 1552 32.02
,.\oy ij'/rf) 1551
1
5 19 H-95
1
.-1'5 .[i-i- 11.92
SM .415 5688 31.89

1545 Mi o!> 5.1.01 11.8'i

U5 15-13 81 o? 25.75 31.83
.557 1541 jMi07 57-56 1 1 80
.

15-10 8108 29.3.] 11.76

55!> .-IK") ,1-100 1538 81 09 01.09 31-73

81 o<)32.80 31.70
15,15 |8i 10 04.49 31.67
15.1-1 8 i 10 36, 14 31.64
81 i l
07.77 31.61
.41? 1073 I53i 81 u 39.36 31.58

,417 2603 1529 81 13 10.92

,417 4131 81 12 42.45
.417 51159 Is-* 81 13 13-95 31.48
.417 718.1 1525 81 i.i 45.41 31-45
Hum .417 8708 1523 81 14 16,85 31.42

i
;;()) 570 1522 81 i-i 48.25 31-39
.571 1520 81 15 19.63 3I-36
i.'i'/i 57-! 1519 Si 15 50,97 ,11-33
-573 IS'? 8 i i 6 22.28 31.30
i'i'i.1 .418 6306 1516 8 1 16 53-56 31,27

1.575 .418 7ji I5I-I 81 17 24.81 31-23

1513 8 1 17 56.03 31.20
577 15" 81 18 27.22 3'- 17
-4M) -U57 Mi 18 58, .18
.419 3866 1508 Mi 19 29.50 31-11

i
..(.If) 5374 Mi 20 oo. 6c 31.08
l.^.MMn ;i4 on. .'iHi 1505 Hi 20 31.67 31.05
150-1 8l 2! 02, /( 31,02
1502 81 21 33.70 30.99
1501 8t 22 04.68 30.96

149') Ml 22 3,i.6l .10.93

1498 Si 23 u't.s; 30.90
.4~'0 5MS5 I :]<)') Si 23 ,17 . 3-i.H?
1-195 il 24 08. 2( 30.84
'.'.\w MH75 Hi 24 39. OQ 30.8i
;:j.3J

;t-!.3,' 1.4;!! 0368 Si 25 09- & 30-77

81 25 40.6, 30.74
..U.l ,'il'H
Ml 2(1 H.,11 30-7
3-!. i!7 .

.
I'.l />,'.'
4M.17 Ml 26 42.0 30. (fc
Hi (Mi .!9.,1. 4-!l
01 J ,431 632 I,i86 Hi 27 12.7 30.6
Mi til.f)< 3.;,

81 27 43-3 30,6
Hi 01 ,ti.7f 3 J.i
Ml (i,i l>5.0 1483 81 28 13.9- 30.5
Mi oa 38,0; -5') .422 O77f 1482 81 28 44.5
1480 8l 2() 15- I
30.5
Mi d,i 10
81 29 45.6 30.5
Mi 03 4.). ll 32.0, !.|J2 373!

1477 81 30 16". i 30-4

1SS- 32.0 [.422 5-'I

10 SOOI) II
ISGOhl
WBOOll
2 Inn '(

BMITHSUNIAN TAIRK*
301
 The Giulcrmiinniim.

K,,'

'477

1-17-1

1-173
1-171

i.-Kl -i.^.t

-M3 5>-'0

..!-!-! 575-1

..|a.| 7.MI
1-15-1

-1 -'5
1-151
i
..IAS

14. |il
.-l-!f> .1135
..|jf> .|57-l M3H
,.|.!(l (KHJ
..!(. 7-l.|H

.6,11 '133

l..|;!7 61136

.4,17

2,6,10
1
.6,1

,(1/13

-6.13
.6.|4

a. 645 SJ 37.37
53 t*MO
r
1410 53 3S-. iO
5-1 O.|. I',?

54 3;

2.650 Mo6 Ht 55 oa.f3

SMITHSONIAN TADUS
303
 The Giidcrmannlan.

*2 41 03.70 26.26
i) n (.<);; 2 41 29.95 26.24
I" ;).!..'ii 2 41 56.18 26.21
,!O
(Ml.<)( 2 42 22 38 ,
i
26.19
-
-7.54 ^ 42 48.55: 26.16

43 14-70 26.14
43 40.82 26.11
4-1 06.92 26.08
44 32.99 26.06
44 59.03 26.03

te 45 25.05 26.01
2 45 51.04 25.08
ij 46 I7,O1 25-95
82 ; |6 42.95 25-93
08.87

S2 47 34.76 25-88
2 48 00.62 25.85
25.83
2 48 52.27 25.83
2 49 18.06 25-77

2 49 43-^2 25.75
2 5O 09.56
82 50 35.27 25.70
8:;51 00.95 25.67
2 51 26.61 25-65

2 51 52.25 25,62
2 52' 17- &> 25.60
-! 52 43-44 25-57
2 53 09.00 25-55
2 53 34-53 25,52

2 54 00.04 25-49
-'
54 25.52 25-47
25.44
2 55 10-41 25.42
2 55 4i-8i 25-39

56 07.19 25-37
82 5') 32-55 -'5-34
8_> 56 57 .88 25. 3S
82 57 23.19 25-29
fc 57 48.47 25.27

82 58 13.72 25.2.
82 58 38.95 25.22
2.
59 04.11
82 59 29-34 25-17
82 59 S4.4E 25.1,

83 oi> 19.6; 25.12

83 D044-73 25.0
83 ot 09.81 2S.07
83 OT 34.81 25.04
83 01 Sfj.tfl 25.02

83 02 24.00 24.99

00 > ana lu

303
 The Gwlenmtnnian.

u ml u ltd 11 Oil u
II (1

I 10 <M01
ISO 0507 K.i o.| S4..|_

l.lo -'O'.'i K.l o-i ,|.|.o'i

4 SO 4115

.Km tlWK)
.Ki i I K,<)
.KI3
.Ki,i 8.1 <'7 -\7.'/.\

.KM 451 0105 8,1 oS i. ;,.)

ll.i'' 8,1 .'ft ,|8, |(

.81.1
.KKi ,|.1f u|0.i
1 1. i.'i -8.1"
/) "i ,|
;

,S

.HIV 1 HJI i
i.i i :

.818 -!,| .
.1,1
1 1. 1,1:

.810 llHy -M-5.1 .Kliy 'MM

MM X-'S.i I iKft

!K71
i if^i
i
lK|
1
1.4.1

1-1.1.!' 37* I 1 ft.! Ml I.! 43, 0^,

.IS-' -i;l:io K.I i.i (V..4J j.l.iM
.8.7 IS:: SMo H.i i;i .Vi. 7ft -'.1-1.1
.K.:K ..|.'i C'7'O 1178 8,1 M 5Ji,o8 .M.I.I
1.
K.I 1 iy,;iH

1176'
1I7S
.l.'i.l 174

U7*i

Mtf 170 H.T trt 4.|.rij

.8.K. K.i \'i 08.78
-8;i7 4.1.1 7-7H 8,1 17 ;t.!,88 Mil
.8,18 K.l 17 'id.iX'i .8K8 t I In
IW <Xu-! 8.) 18 .11, oj 1100

-ISI 0777 H,i if!

4!i. 0.1 1,450 7sHi IiuS 8.1 ,1 1^.7,1
8;i \t) (Kj.ofi
8,1 U) .1,1.04
8.1 I!) S7-OI
.8.14 n(io 8,1 .10 jo. 01 J.1-SM 110) ,W 17-07

8.1 ,to ,|.|.K'. ;!.i.'Ki 1

10,1 40 to. 7.1
n SH 8,1 .!i 08.74 I KM
nso' 8,1 :!l ;i^.tn HIM)
!HI 8.1 ,11 5(1.45 TM!K;I
"54 8,1 'J.\ >'()., 7
2. 850 "S3 H,i a^ 44.07 23.78 a.yoo

o tooh 11 fJtf'

SMITHSONIAN TAIH.EQ
304
 The Gude rmannitm.

04 02.27 21.32
8.1 01 23.57 21.30
84 04 44.86 21.28
84 os 06.13 21.26
84 05 27.37 21,23

84 03 48.60 21.21
84 06 09.80 21.19
8 06 30.98
1 21.17
84 06 52.14 21.15
84 07 13-29 21.13

07 34-40 21. II
S-l 07 55-50 2I.Of)
8408 16.58 21.07
840837-64 21.05
84 08 58-67 21.02

21,00
20.08
20,96
20.94
20.92

20.90
20.88
20.86
20.84
20.82

20.80
20.78
20.75
20.73
20.71

20.69
20.67
20.65
20.63
20 .6 1

8MITHH0NIAH
 The Giulunnimnlmi.

in! u
Oil II

I. .17' 30.13 H| 17 jui.Hfl 603.1

21 20.!. 85 5' . 'M i
).:o.(
..I/.! *)J7 8.|

.-173 -7i;i H| -M -.1-! .511 (H.i/

.-I7.| ,!.|oi 'Xi 1
1 8 ;8
1
53 .51-' .:<>.U

"175 1 00' I 1)5 IS H| 3( -.LI

3-55 571"
,00 ..[77 o8<X> 0357

..1?H OR1 .58

.So -S'5 'M7 .% 50 17.70
'17<> 8551

i.,|8o 7588 18,1.. |7 i

.510 K''.!:\

18.1. o.( .51''' /o.lH J^ 5-1 03,03

.11 .'iHr 653,1 .<;,lof i

!&! 53" M 181.81 .517 .'l.i-'t

.',1 H.i.10 36-50 180.00 8f 57 -1,1- 8;;

!V>
85 oj 35.70 178.JJ- .518 ,1037 SJ-17 50 ;i .M'..'

:..|85 M-15 1
7' i
-.15 5105 87 oi 2o.;io 107.1.1
-|H,i 0057 85 08 .18.01 17.1.70 no. iM
.17 ..|H(i 838.1 85 n 22..15
8,1 1.1 i.|,.io I'M- ;; 1

85 17 o.|.(>7 Ii/ 08 JO.. I.'i

3-70 1-5-!' ,1503

HusH HS .u 'loi/ii K-O.-tl 71 87 n -1-1.31

7078 Hs .'5 tf'-i.i ,7.! . !>-''' ,1,0'"

..((ii 7-'- '*

1
H.I :;8 oit.H'i ..1.M Hnxj 87 IS 0-i.l.t
85 .(() SMJO -7.'l .'''.', -'O/'i '!; K> .i-i.r7

77-13 150.71 3-75 1.5- M H/ 18 .'o.iw

,,[0| H.roo 8,1 .(H ,|8,/7 77

105 .1753 75'5 1.15.01 ?H .|J!'|
(
!;.' .M 1*1.1,0
7.IM 5 -13 SH-7!; 15.1.. 17 1M7

3-.1*> I.. 107 (A' 7367 151.05

31 .-107 7</>.| i.'io-l.l

.33 7-wi 8.1 SI .l.-'.,(8 i.|8,05

33 -10) J.|H7 71.10 8,1 r\'\
00.50 1-17-17 .1.1,in!M7 30 ,()!.,H.H 8'J..'i4

3-1

3.35 85 sH .'ia.r M 1.5ft 3.8;;

Ji'ii 3.137 8:1 III KI..I,I

37 H^i 03 38, 8 1 M'I.TO

..IK .50;; 7-77 8'i O'i r,o.H|
6 o io..|.l .Ho 87 39 ^o'.t^i

i-.WI 071'' 8fi 10 ,'i/,6''i 1.530 3180 l'M7 !! 7 -to 50.7;;

6/klt m U JM. .|8 130'. 16 53" 7--07 ,!(>'7;H7 .|4 13. Hi i
J.o,|
i3.|.Kt> ;vx-;'
|H/ .1,1 .t'uui Hi..'(j
Ml-.!? .11 57. -IS Hi."0
3;.'7 |
W/ I

I.1J.M

3- 'IS 1.507 3'"M 8/i ^l .18,38 130,83 3.05 .lH.V>! -17 70-10
j*7 37.H.1
.,10 So? 0575 .r/j

-17 6.M7 Ho y. o7.,'|,| .07 !'l/7,t;87 .10 l,'i.t'7i ??.**.(

o'i5<> 8(> ;iH i.i.o.i i.ift.07 5,1,1 ,).') i 37.i''|H/ .11 ;ij..';4 i
7>'.(/i
86 30 MI, .19 iiiS-7' 5.1.1 Ho n '"' .1^ .10.10 yf..rf

3.50 1
I., ) 10 603.1 8ft 32 irfi,.'i7 r.S3-i ityi <7 ,H.| 05.101 7,1.53

>
IKilt (I

BMITMHONIAN TAULEO
306
 The

(id u

43 37-40 45.82
I 22.99 45-37
1 45 08.13 44-92
45 52.82 44-47
46 37-07 44-03

47 20.88 43-59
48 at. as 43-15
48 47.10 42-73
49 29.70 42.30
3 50 a. 79 41.88

50 53-46 41 .46
8 5" 34-72 41-05
58 52 15-56 40.64
5-! 56.00 40.21
5.1 36.04 39.8-1

54 15-68 39-44
& 54 54.92 39-05
55 33-77 38.66
56 12.24 38.28
:8 56 50.33 37-89

& 57 28.03 37-52

8 5 05.36 37-14
^ 58 4^.32 36,77
18 59 18.91 36.41
"
59 55-14 36-05

TO 3I.OI 35/>9
oi 06.52 35-33
01 41.68 34.98
02 16.48 3-1-63
02 50.94 34.29

03 25.O' 3.1-95
<9 03 58-84
04 32.28 33-28
*> 05 05.39 .12.94
05 38.17 32.62

06 lp.6,3 32,29
-ig (X) 42.7!) 31.97
8907 14.57 31.65
fy 07 46.07 31-34
89 08 17.25 3L03

890848.12- 30.72
89 09 i/>9 30.41
89 09 48.95 30.11
89 10 18.91 29.81
89 1048.57 29.51

89 ir 17.93
8.) u 47-01 28.93
89 12 is-79 28.64
80 12 44.29 28.36
89 13 12-51 28.07

89 13 40-44 27-79

SMITHS UNIAN TAHUB

307
 The Gwlcrmnnnian,

BM4TH80MIAN
 TABLE VII

HIE ANTI-fiUDERMANNIAN

in rx|irni'inl in inimiUtt in terms of the Gmlcnnauniau,

I'.tl
u rxprcuMnl in degrees and minutes,

i mimiU 1
-I). OUD 2cji>H
Mar rculifitiH,

o.onti y*juH jmji m - =

lojv.tmi f
'
H" -y-gcl = u radians.
u)

In ilii'i tiiltli* Uio jicvond ilucimal place ta soiuctinicB erroneous by a unit.

309
 The AiUi-Giidcniiiinniaii.

uilii
nil u

o'

,(10.4-!

101 51. ;!.!!,II l,.|.!

3 1-!. '13

.113-43
314.44
15,00 3 l.v -I I

3-!". .'in

,'iO.OO

31. ''o 331.51

333.5.!
04 74-- v J 3.M-M
3'5 3.^-53
art 3(1.00 33''-M
33 .'-54

38 38.00
3().oo
40 40.00
If 41.00
id.;, od
43.no .Id.i.o-f)

40', no

47-00
48,00
4<).(X)
50.00
51 ST. 00
5.1.00
53 53-"o I/.1.07
S4 S. |,.
00 I '/.( ,<>'/

55 55-00 175.07
if, 50', oo

iX
58.00
50
-1)

THUONIAN TAULKB
310
 The Anti-Gudermanman.

ml 14" 6"
1 r
7? _.!!_ 19 Oil LI

972.73 1035.30 1098.22 1161.49 1225.14 o'

9IL50 1036.35 1099.27 1162.54 1226.20 I

974.81 1037.40 1100.32 1163.60 227.27 2

913-57 1101.37 1164,66 1228.33 3
1102.42 165.72 4
yi5.6-| 977-93 1040. 53, 1103.47 1166.78 5
1/16.67 078.97 1041,58 1104,53 1167.83 6'
104,2.63 105.58 7
5>'.73 981.05 1043.67 1106.63 1169.95 8
731-53 10,14.72 107.68 1171.01 9
108.74 1172.07 10
10/1, 8 r 109.79 T 1 73- 13 II
II10.8-I 1174.19 12
1048.91' 1111.89 1175-24 '3
1112.95 1176.30 14
1.051,00, 1114.00 1177.3^1 IS
68u..]o 927.03 105--'. 05' 1H5.05 16
08 1,. |.l ;_>8.07 1053.09 iii6.ii 1179.48 17
'1 17-05 ,'2'J. I 1
1054.14 1117.16 1180.54 ,4-31 18
M( 18,08 1055.1*; 1118.21 1181 .fin 12.15.38 19
(>!n). 1 1
1056. 2:1 1119.27 1182.66 1246.4-1 20
1057.28 1120.32 1183.72 1347.51 21
nai.37 1184.78 12,18.58 22
K/J.JI 1185.8.1 1249,64 23
9. 17 -7-' 1186,90 1250.71 24
1187.96 1251.78 25
1189.02 1252.85 26
93. .1-1 (K 1O.H5 1063.57 1126.64 1190.08 I253.9I 27
-V.37 9.19-4^ no .89I
1127,70 1
191 .
14 U54.!)S 28
1192.20 1256.05 29
1

9. 1 1.56 1003,97 1193-26 1257.12 30

9- 2.
1 59 1005.02 1-130.86 1258.18 31
9 13 . (> 3 ;>.nn 1131.92 1-259.25 32
044.67 . 10 lo(x).86 1132.97 1260. 3-2 33
1070.91 1107-51 1261.39 34
i)l<>.7.| looy. 19 107 1.0 1135.08 1198.57 1262.45 35
1010.2,11073.01 1136.14 1109.63 12f)3'.S2 36
1011.28 074. of 1137.19
i 126-1.59 37
1075.11 1138.25 38
1 076. if 1139.30 1-202. 8 J 1266.73 39
1077/21 11.10,36 1203.88 1267. 80 40
1015.45 1141.41 1204.04 1268.87 41
1016.50 1079.31 11269.93 42
mi 7. 5' 1143.52 1207.0') 1271.00 43
,U.iK 1018,5? 1144.58 12f)8.I3 1272,07 44
057.1^ 1145.64 1209.19 1273.14 4.5

1210.25 1274.21 46
1147-75 1211.31 1275.28
1085.6 1148,80 1212.38 1276.35 48
121 3.. 14 1277, 49
yuo, ii 1087.7 1150.92 1214.50 1278.49 50
0^3-37 1025. (X 1215.57 1270.56 Si
1026.9. 1089! 8 1153-03 1216,63 1280.63 52
UHJO.W 1154.01)12 17. (-'9 1281.70 S3
t/o I--". HK/I.9 1155.14 1218.76 L-J82.77 54
1030.0. 1092.9. 1156.20 1219.82 11283. 55

H|-|./ 1031.1 1094.0 1157,26 1220. R8 1284.91 S6

1032. KX)5-.0< 1158.32 1221,1.5 1285.9!: 57
Ktf.. I

1150.37 1,223,01 58
10,14,2 1097.1 1160,4.3 122.1.07 ia88!i; 59
.2 1161.49 1225.14 1289.20 60
07-3.7 10315-3

TAIIUM
311
 The Anti-Gudermannian.

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
312
 The Auli-Guclermannian.

Oil II

flihi

2.168.26 o'

-'.193- I

2
3
a 173- 3-1 4
24,74.61 5
J.
loo. 1 5 6
2.177.15 .95 7
.23 8
.52 9
a 105.17 ,81 10
!

559. to 2037-07 n
2638.38 12
2408.93 2561 2639.69 13
562. 2641.0;) I
-I

2564. 26.12.31 15
. Si 16
:

566
'568. 18
'Sfo '9
1570 20
2494.97 2572.02 2650.17

23
2498.80 24
25
26
27
28
29
30
-507-74 31
-'509.02 32
-510,30 33
34
lll2.W 35
36
..], o M.MMS 2515.41 37
38
39
40
41
2.M5-I7 ,12

.5.jl 43
44
45
-',>> X' 46
.'-
15i.7<, 47
48
I' I 2.15I- * 2608.35 49
2609.65 50
1
in /,',-!( /u'l:!,, '.. 2610.95 26ft). fX) 51
2(>fJ[.OI 52
2613.56 26<)2.33 53
2fn.| .86 26t)3.()5 54
Ai-ii.K 2616.17 -'694.98 55

,,. 2617,47 2fk}6 30 .

56
,07
-
2618.78 2697.63 57
2020.08
i.MlVi.iX ... 2621.38 2700.27 59
,93 2(l22. (M) 2701 .60 60

313
 The Anll-Gudermannian.

D<l i<

1)'

1 3031-35
,10.1.1.77
3
4
5 3037- 1 >-

.Ti.'S.S-!
-'/(>. 7'.. -V5U-74
33(^.00 it
i.t
-'<)!'-! 53
I.I

.7~'0. if 3'M<).7^ .1135.75

J7J1.5 jyoO./i 3S i.:!u 1.1

:!(/k >
l
. 1 1 3.115. 5" Id
'7

; ft
?-'!:- ;

a7.jy.5n 2(>75.o<) 3050-73 3I-IS.M7

30dl .
is

733 .5< 3I50.J-!

373-1. 3 3 1 51 <'? -'.S

.73(i,T<' M.77 .'(i

3154.57 3.'l-'--l7 .17

.'U50.03 3-M3-05J 333,1-. 1;

uM.io.Wi
30 '3330..^*
3f a-Nij.io 3073. nH '"
'!_!
-7.l-l.i7 .rH.!.|,o5 -!'^;(i.5o .K75.-M '3.!.|J.N/
3.1 .7-15.51 307(1. K| MM-"
.11 Hlfi|.7'l ,l-'5-.f'l 3.l|.'.
(l ''
.U31--'"
35 ;(>i i ,
3311-14 ;M;W '/.'(

.710.5-' 3315- ''.'i .U. 17- .''i

37 W.Nji {tlHJ, | I

JO IS..11!
3*)

41 37.tf.3i :U74.0,1
7<i7-55
43
41 J7?'.33
45 .7(11.57 3008.77

47

4'.)

3101. 17
51 3/rfj.fa 3017. ;!3
310.1.01
.^53-53
Ho.!..!o;3..iMi,oU .H7i..|.i ;uo,i.
30-' i,. 16' 3100, <),! ,lio3.o.!:.i.:H..!..l/'
377-1. 09
33^|.47i.H'';i -7"

57 i777.Wi 3033,70 ;t.3',' 3.-M7-05 3,177-'ii i.H'-o.Hl

:!770.0..'
50 Ul4.il
(X) 302y.in 1HS.5S

QMITtlBONIAN TABl-Ka
314
SMITHSONIAN TABLES
The Anti-Gudermannian.

316
 The Anti-Gudermannian.

SMITHSONIAN TABLES
317
 Tin: Anii-Gmlci mauiuan,

.p. 'i> ,i!.i

.i i
in i

j
i
,.;'. ;''i

.Idin.nit MI '
'.;'' mv>'.i>')
I i
,

>.(\\. Vi> !
;: '..''' \

'
!<" 'I
.;
'

.'ii,,;;, .,.; i
1
1
'.i .(> i

in/ -''MI i

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s
i
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i";
1

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.
...I
'

'di^, :,.' ;
I
}
i.'i
j
.
|' ii'ti. .'!, ''i

.:;'L, i.(><) i
[ 'i.,, ni M.I '.,,;'!

7.;)!.<X"! '
! 'C'.i'l M*"i ,.f\i

-7.V.,;') 'i i /''.,'" 'i, "'".;"

1 l

.'Mi ;..'d i
i in. !, >i>
i;-,(d'..., {.i

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'

,n;d, i. i", I
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1
l.
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b',7.' 1

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'

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:

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.
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;
l
i
f'
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,((i,l(i. ,;(.
i
s; MI.(>,- (
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1
1

.(M;,H,(I.' i.;; .fi.n;, t. ;

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II,
1
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.i

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jf\'.".iwi
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,;r / i .; ;>.

'
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i.uu;,. '^ M 1
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lu.'.i.Sii..,,.,, .,

,i IM ,n i
,"..s, .',.;
< .'ii
'.;'

I.H.t.'i.'U l.'i.i't/, :. '

.'u; iM, ,'i
s '

!.() ".' ' '

],!(!'' '''
'.l" 1Hj
'
1
p. (l j., iJi i,, .
i, ;,i<
i,l |.'i ,
'i.'S|
'

1.1,'il I
-.(,>
'
'-AV'- 1" "".'',!/
i,
ift.i/.'H'j;;,. ,''. *>,>
F
.'i, ;"-'.;;.

,(!...;; .-i S.-./.Jl

1.1. ]iy, ,'.,,_|
:i
i,i;^';i,;'i ji.'A'.!.;-.; '-''^.i '-.i
:

i,.;iu |,M , r
\;;.'u,;t ; .'.-i .u .<*\

i^'id;- .;';; (.'tut.f. .;,'!S.n .

j't

l.idij "t. "'.,!"

|
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I.!;'|!S,'.;- -I;.!); ! .;'! ,'l !.,,.( ,

BMITHOONIAN TftUl.lTH ilUtclt:in;t:M,

 TABLE VIII

CONVERSION OF RADIANS INTO ANGULAR MEASURE AND VICE VERSA

 Couverninn of Annular Mciiinuo into Indians,

HaiHans (or n il
Ililillllil!! liir II !>i>i;i!iiil:i

'
0,017.15 ,i-'o $ dl

10
1 1

..L'dNf) ,;Mo.7 d
.-'M.i.i <>%.! H
(Ky-S o o,oiHy .ly/.'o ;j
1(1 .u, mo/ ;

/. i/nl ()

,5i.|i.'i o.:d,!;,( u
,UK>] -!.'>.'i /M N
o.,), ((Hid sS.'ioi o

.'ip 05 .Nititfi ,j

,oo<i,(o f(|.!,id M
,(MHi;;c> o.poS o
,ooi>Ho ui^io D
35 O.OIMMO o'iM|y o

iM 'j.i; ;-.i ,1

KHl
.oooti) fiyy.td i I in
.(HHI.'O ,l't,!iy .i

.itoo.'i .i.ti:!o ,:

O.OOii.M Hi I id I d
,000 ',' .!OI,|,' i)

.OOO.'.l ,7H;i /

0.000. '] r
?.|0',,'i I

SI .000.'. ;i
i ',',';; \<t
sa -Jltt.ll ,r,ll
.(l(),!;i I

si IM-M7- y;<jdo ,lXN>,'ll l/i/J.t 1)

US .05W,1 1'lS.T! O
50 W/.lN -l.iKi i ,! 1

d
.tKxi.!; i
|(j;.d
57
S
.IHMJ.'f! I IUIO ,]
ii',)

(HI
O.IKWI '<) nS 1!'? 1

BMitniJONiAH TAUCEB

320
 Conversion of Radians into Angular Measure.

!mllaii!i A mi In Radians AnolQ

o oo

Tnutru

Numerical Constants.

"9. 751-12 flofyfi 52933

ir

Mr
V a

2
=:n.7<)7fiS 45(108 02865

.i)<H94 00614 S.|924

\ TT

((MIIIKIOMAH TrtlH.KI