frequency of a Timoshenko beam TIMOSHENKOVIB % dynamics of Timoshenko beam by finite element method clc; ne=5; nj=ne+1; neq=2*nj; K=zeros(neq,neq); M=zeros(neq,neq); % give nodi and nodj of each member for i=1:nj nodi(i)=i; nodj(i)=i+1; end %give the values of e,g,a,i and lengths of beam e=210e9; g=70e9; a=[1.85187e-5 1.85187e-5 1.85187e-5 1.85187e-5 1.85187e-5 1.85187e-5] ; mi=[2.85785e-11 2.85785e-11 2.85785e-11 2.85785e-11 2.85785e-11... 2.85785e-11]; angle=0; L=10; for i=1:ne l(i)=L/ne; end % give density of the material rho=7800.0; %give axial load of the member P=200; %give timoshenko shear constant ko=5/6 for rect ko=9/10 for circular ko=5/6; % number of constraint degrees of freedom nbou=2; % the numbers of constrained degrees of freedom nb=[1 2*nj-1]; % form 6 x 6 element stiffness and mass matrix and assemble wilson method for n=1:ne i=nodi(n); j=nodj(n); phi(n)=12.0*e*mi(n)/(ko*a(n)*g*l(n)^2); k=TimoshenkoElementStiffness(e,a(n),mi(n),l(n),P,phi(n)); Finite element method in relation to structural dynamics 519 m=TimoshenkoElementMass(rho,a(n),mi(n),l(n),phi(n)); K=TimoshenkoAssemble(K,k,i,j); M=TimoshenkoAssemble(M,m,i,j); end % apply boundary conditions using wilson method for i=1:nbou ii=nb(i); for j=1:neq K(ii,j)=0.0; K(j,ii)=0.0; M(ii,j)=0.0; M(j,ii)=0.0; end K(ii,ii)=1; M(ii,ii)=1; end % find inv(K)*M invk=inv(K); km=invk*M; format long; % find the eigen values and mode shapes of inv(K)*M [ms,ns]=size(M); % %eigen values and eigen vectors [evec,ev]=eig(km); for i=1:ms ee(i)=1/ev(i,i); end Qh=max(ee)+0.001; Ql=0; for i=1:ms for j=1:ms if ee(j) > Ql & ee(j) < Qh kl=j; Qh=ee(j); else end end Ql=Qh; Qh=max(ee)+0.001; om1(i)=ee(kl); omega(i)=sqrt(ee(kl)); for lm=1:ms p1(lm,i)=evec(lm,kl); 520 Structural dynamics of earthquake engineering end end %Normalizing the mode shape LL=p1'*M*p1; %develop modal matrix for i=1:ms for j=1:ms p(i,j)=p1(i,j)/LL(j,j); end end disp( Natural frequencies in rad/sec) disp(omega) disp( normalized modal vector ) disp(p) function y = TimoshenkoElementStiffness(E,A,I,L,P,phi) %TimoshenkoElementStiffness This function returns the element % stiffness matrix for a Timoshenko beam element % element with modulus of elasticity E, % cross-sectional area A, moment of % inertia I, length L, and angle % theta (in degrees). % The size of the element stiffness % matrix is 6 x 6. con=E*I/(1+phi); w1 = 12*con/L^3+1.2*P/L; w2 = 6*con/L^2+P/10; w3 = con*(4+phi)/L+2*P*L/15; w4 = con*(2-phi)/L-P*L/30; y = [w1,w2,-w1,w2;w2,w3,-w2,w4;-w1,-w2,w1,-w2;w2,w4,-w2,w3]; function y = TimoshenkoElementMass(rho,A,I,l,phi) %TimoshenkoElement Mass matrix This function returns the mass % matrix for a Timoshenko beam % element with mass density rho, % cross-sectional area A, length L, and % angle theta (in degrees). % The size of the element stiffness % matrix is 4 x 4. a(1,1)=13/35+7*phi/10+phi^2/3; a(1,2)=(11/210+11*phi/120+phi^2/24)*l; a(1,3)=9/70+3*phi/10+phi^2/6; a(1,4)=-(13/420+3*phi/40+phi^2/24)*l; Finite element method in relation to structural dynamics 521 a(2,2)=(1/105+phi/60+phi^2/120)*l^2; a(2,3)=(13/420+3*phi/40+phi^2/24)*l; a(2,4)=-(1/140+phi/60+phi^2/120)*l^2; a(3,3)=(13/35+7*phi/10+phi^2/3); a(3,4)=-(11/210+11*phi/120+phi^2/24); a(4,4)=(1/105+phi/60+phi^2/120)*l^2; b(1,1)=1.2; b(1,2)=(0.1-0.5*phi)*l; b(1,3)=-1.2; b(1,4)=(0.1-0.5*phi)*l; b(2,2)=(2/15+phi/6+phi^2/3)*l^2; b(2,3)=(-1/10+phi/2)*l; b(2,4)=(-1/30-phi/6+phi^2/6)*l^2; b(3,3)=1.2; b(3,4)=(-0.1+0.5*phi)*l; b(4,4)=(2/15+phi/6+phi^2/3)*l^2; for i=2:4 for j=1:(i-1) a(i,j)=a(j,i); b(i,j)=b(j,i); end end y=(rho*A*l)*a+(rho*I/((1+phi^2)*l))*b; function y = TimoshenkoAssemble(K,k,i,j) %Timoshenko beam This function assembles the element stiffness % matrix k of the Timoshenko beam with nodes % i and j into the global stiffness matrix K. % This function returns the global stiffness % matrix K after the element stiffness matrix % k is assembled. lm(1)=2*i-1; lm(2)=2*i; lm(3)=2*j-1; lm(4)=2*j; for l=1:4 ii=lm(l); for n=1:4 jj=lm(n); K(ii,jj)=K(ii,jj)+k(l,n); end end y = K; 522 Structural dynamics of earthquake engineering end y = K; OUTPUT Natual frequencies in rad/sec 1.0e+002 * 0.01000000000000 0.11701648818926 0.23474939088448 0.35376511095837 0.47263579452189 0.61764685636320 0.77724091967848 0.93007476129177 1.12011725011258 1.36597976298605 1.66895296196556 1.66895296196556