REFERENSI
1. WHO 2004. Regional Office for South East Asia. Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance. Report of
an intercountry workshop. Vellare, Tamil-Nadu, India, 14-17 October 2003.
2. WHO 2001. Interventions and strategies to improve the use of antimicrobials in developing
countries. Drug management program.
3. SK Dirjen Bina Pelayanan Medik DEPKES-RI nomor HK.00.06.1.1.4168/2005 tentang Penilaian
Infrastruktur Rumah Sakit untuk mendukung Program Pengendalian Resistensi Antimikroba (PPRA).
4. SK Direksi RSCM no. 8591/TU.K/34/VIII/2009 tentang Sistem Pengendalian Resistensi Antimikroba di
RSCM.
5. SK Direktur Utama RSCM no. 7139/TU.K/34/VIII/2009 tentang Tim Program Pengendalian Resistensi
Antimikroba.
National Approach to Improving Use of Antibiotics: PPRA Experiences
The prevalence report of increasing emerge resistant bacteria has been reported
from all over the country. Indonesia has conducted a study by the AMRIN team
(Antimicrobial Resistance in Indonesia) in 2002 which was implemented at Dr.
Soetomo and Dr. Kariadi hospitals. The prevalence of multi-resistance e. coli was
identified 20-25% and ESBL 9.05 %. The use of antibiotic therapy 66% has no clinical
Indication and also 68% of antibiotic prophylaxis. The Ministry of Health on May, 29-31
2005 organized the first national workshop with create the theme is Strategy to Combat
the Emergence and Spread of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria in Indonesia and
declared Antimicrobial Resistance Control Program (ARCP / PPRA) to implement a
basic program 1). To audit readiness of hospital infrastructure (Pharmaceutical, Clinical
Microbiology, Hospital Infection Control, Pharmacy & Therapeutic Committee) 2).
Standardization of implementation ARCP 3). Monitoring Help and Follow-up 4).
Evaluation of program implementation performance.
Pilot project of ARCP operational study conducted at 20 teaching hospitals in
Indonesia by using actual data based. The goal are improving and understanding of
prudent use of antibiotics in clinical practices. The main steps are to establish the pilot
project area for implementation, to review and update guidelinesof antibiotics, guideline
dissemination and implementation. At the same time retrospective study conducted to
assess the use of antibiotics before the apply new guidelines and the prospective study
to evaluate the implementation of new guidelines. Two groups of data were compared
and analyzed the effectiveness of the implementation of new guidelines. The hospital
pharmacists has important role to help clinicians in controlling the use of antibiotics
given to patients. The Clinical Microbiology helpful to serve information in interactive
way to help clinicians determine the appropriate antibiotic, and the Hospital Infection
Control Team carries out the implementation of universal precaution. Cohort isolation
must be applied for pasein with ESBL or MRSA cases. Currently ARCP program is still
going on into the last phase. The Ministry of Health will conduct the last national
workshop to evaluate the effectiveness of the entire program of ARCP.