Pavement Structure

Chapter 5
 Life without Pavements

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 Pavement Types

Flexible

Rigid

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 Load Distribution

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 Rigid Pavements

Simply supported beam

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 Rigid Pavements

Beam on elastic foundation

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 Rigid Pavements

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Source: WSDOT Pavement Guide Interactive CD-ROM
 Rigid Pavement Structure

Compacted Subgrade
Natural Subgrade

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Source: WSDOT Pavement Guide Interactive CD-ROM
 Flexible Pavements

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 Flexible Pavements

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Source: WSDOT Pavement Guide Interactive CD-ROM
 Flexible Pavement Structure

Compacted Subgrade
Natural Subgrade

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Source: WSDOT Pavement Guide Interactive CD-ROM
 Pavement Design Factors
Wheel Loads Applied to Pavement
Magnitude of Wheel Loads

Type of Wheel Loads (Single or Tandem Axles)

Number of Wheel Load Applications

Changes over Time

Subgrade Support Provided

Seasonal Changes in Subgrade Support

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 FHWA Vehicle Classes

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 Damage Factors
Mazda Miata Ford Excursion

Curb weight = 2300 lb

Curb weight = 6300 lb

1 1
dM dF
NM NF

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 Standard Vehicle

Curb weight = 4000 lb

1
dS
NS
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 Equivalency Factors

Mazda Miata Ford Excursion

dM dF
FM FF
dS dS

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 Typical Axle Loads

12,000 32,000 32,000

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 Standard Axle
9000 lb

9000 lb

Single Axle, Dual Wheels

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 AASHTO Equivalency Factors

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 Weigh Station

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 Axle Load Histogram
250

200

150
Frequency

100

50

0
6000- 12000- 18000- 24000- 30000- 32000- 34000- 36000- 38000- 40000-
11999 17999 23999 29999 31999 33999 35999 37999 39999 41999
Tandem Axle Load (lbs)
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 Equivalent Single Axle Loads

12,000 32,000 32,000

ESAL = ??
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 FHWA Truck Classes
Class Type EALF
1 Motorcycles negligible
2 Passenger Cars negligible
3 Other Two-Axle, Four-Tire Single Unit Vehicles negligible
4 Buses 0.57
5 Two-Axle, Six-Tire, Single Unit Trucks 0.26
6 Three-Axle Single Unit Trucks 0.42
7 Four or More Axle Single Unit Trucks 0.42
8 Four or Less Axle Single Trailer Trucks 0.30
9 Five-Axle Single Trailer Trucks 1.20
10 Six or More Axle Single Trailer Trucks 0.93
11 Five or Less Axle Multi-Trailer Trucks 0.82
12 Six-Axle Multi-Trailer Trucks 1.06
13 Seven or More Axle Multi-Trailer Trucks 1.39