27/2/2017

UNIT 7 :
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
TECHNIQUE
www.themegallery.com

Prepared by: Checked by: Approved by:

. . .
(Md Saifuddin Bin Md Yusop) (Hj Mohammad Salleh Bin Abdullah) (Hj Ahmad Bin Tulka)

Mechanical Engineering Department

OUTLINE LOGO

Introduction
Quality Improvement Technique
Brainstorming
Check sheet
Pareto analysis
Matrix analysis
Cause and effect diagram
Scatter diagram

Quality Control Circle (QCC)

1
 27/2/2017

INTRODUCTION LOGO

This topic explains the importance of quality, the

techniques to improve quality as such as
brainstorming, check sheet, Pareto Analysis,
Matrix Analysis, Cause-And-Effect Diagram,
Scatter diagram and Quality Circle Group.

Why quality is needed? LOGO

How to improve the quality? Any techniques?

Brainstorming
Check sheet
Pareto Analysis
Matrix Analysis
Cause-And-Effect Diagram
Scatter Diagram

2
 27/2/2017

Brainstorming LOGO

A group or individual creativity technique by

which efforts are made to find a conclusion for
a specific problem by gathering a list of ideas
spontaneously contributed by its member(s).

Brainstorming LOGO

Prepare the
group

Present the
Guide discussion
problem

Source: http://www.mindtools.com/braintm.html

3
 27/2/2017

LOGO

Source: http://depts.bellevuecollege.edu/hsprograms/files/2012/05/move-beyond-brainstorming_50290ffbd809c.png
BRAINSTORMING

Check Sheet LOGO

A simple form or table use to collect data

in organized manner and easily convert it
into readily useful information.

The function of a check sheet is to

present information in an efficient,
graphical format.

Check sheets help organize data by

category.

4
 27/2/2017

Check Sheet LOGO

Advantages:
i. Effective ways of displaying data.
ii. Easy to use.
iii.Can identify the root cause of a problem.
iv. A first step in the construction of other
graphical tools.
v. Provides a structure for uniform data collection.
vi. Can be used as support data or refute
allegations.

Example of check sheet LOGO

Source: http://flylib.com/books/en/3.470.1.79/1/

5
 27/2/2017

Example of check sheet LOGO

Pareto Analysis LOGO

A graphical method of comparing and sorting a set

of measures.

#Pareto Analysis uses the 80/20 Rule to select the

vital few items for further action.

Pareto ordering is used to guide corrective action

and to help the project team take action to fix the
problems that are causing the greatest number of
defects first.

When to use?
i.When selecting problems, causes or solutions to take
forward for further action.
ii.When you want to visibly demonstrate priorities.

6
 27/2/2017

Pareto Analysis LOGO

Pareto Analysis Step-by-Step

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4

Arrange the
rows in the
Form a
decreasing Plot with
table listing Add a
order of causes on
the causes cumulative
importance x-axis and
and their percentage
of the cumulative
frequency column to
causes, i.e. percentage
as a the table
the most on y-axis.
percentage
important
cause first.

Pareto Analysis LOGO

Pareto Analysis Step-by-Step

Step 5 Step 6 Step 7

Draw a line on y-
axis parallel to x-
Plot (on the axis. Then drop the
same graph) a line at the point of
bar graph with intersection with
Join the above the curve on x-
causes on x-
points to form a axis. This point on
axis and the x-axis
curve
percent separates the
frequency on y- important causes
axis. on the left and less
important causes
on the right.

7
 27/2/2017

Pareto Analysis LOGO

Pareto Analysis Step-by-Step

Pareto Analysis LOGO

Example of Pareto Chart

Source: http://www.vertex42.com/ExcelTemplates/pareto-chart.html

8
 27/2/2017

EXAMPLE LOGO

A research on customer satisfaction has been in a

fast food restaurant. Table below shows the
complaints from customers.

Complaints No of complaints

Cold food 105

Broken equipment 2

Non delicious food 10

Non fresh vegetable 94

Impolite serves 13

Oily food 9

Non sympathize 2

Dirty 25

Example LOGO

Construct table of cumulative frequency, percentage

and cumulative percentage
No of Cumulative Cumulative
Complaints Percentage
complaints Frequency percentage

Cold Food 105 105 40% 40%

Non fresh
94 199 36% 76%
vegetable
Dirty 25 224 10% 86%
Impolite
13 237 5% 91%
Serves
Non delicious
10 247 4% 95%
food
Oily food 9 256 3% 98%
Broken
2 258 1% 99%
equipment
Non
2 260 1% 100%
sympathize

260

9
 27/2/2017

Example LOGO

Matrix Analysis LOGO

Shows the relationship between two, three,

or four groups of information.

10
 27/2/2017

Matrix Analysis LOGO

Source: http://www.itfscorp.com/baseline-financial-model/scenario-anlysis-for-decisions/

Cause-And-Effect Diagram LOGO

A tool that helps identify, sort, and display

possible causes of a specific problem or quality
characteristic. It graphically illustrates the
relationship between a given outcome and all the
factors that influence the outcome.

Ishikawa diagram @ Fishbone diagram

11
 27/2/2017

Cause-And-Effect Diagram LOGO

When to use?
When you need to identify the possible root
causes, the basic reasons, for a specific effect,
problem, or condition. Sort out and relate some of
the interactions among the factors affecting a
particular process or effect. Analyze existing
problems so that corrective action can be taken.

Cause-And-Effect Diagram LOGO

Advantages:
i. Helps determine the root causes of a problem or
quality characteristic using a structured
approach.
ii. Encourage group participation and utilizes group
knowledge of the process.
iii. Uses an orderly, easy-to-read format to diagram
cause-and-effect relationships
iv. Indicates possible causes of variation in a
process.

12
 27/2/2017

Cause-And-Effect Diagram LOGO

Example of Cause-And-Effect Diagram

Source: http://www.itfscorp.com/baseline-financial-model/scenario-anlysis-for-decisions/

Cause-And-Effect Diagram LOGO

Step by step

Step 1

Write down the effect to be investigated and draw the

'backbone' arrow to it. In the example shown below the
effect is 'Incorrect deliveries'.

Step 2

Identify all the broad areas of enquiry in which the causes

of the effect being investigated may lie.
For manufacturing processes, the broad areas of enquiry
which are most often used are Materials (raw materials),
Equipment (machines and tools), Workers (methods of
work), and Inspection (measuring method).

13
 27/2/2017

Cause-And-Effect Diagram LOGO

Step by step

Step 3

This step requires the greatest amount of work and

imagination because it requires you (or you and your
team) to write in all the detailed possible causes in
each of the broad areas of enquiry. Each cause
identified should be fully explored for further more
specific causes which, in turn, contribute to them.
You continue this process of branching off into more
and more directions until every possible cause has
been identified. The final result will represent a sort of
a 'mind dump' of all the factors relating to the effect
being explored and the relationships between them.

Source: http://www.hci.com.au/hcisite3/toolkit/causeand.htm#draw%20CE%20diagram

Cause-And-Effect Diagram LOGO

Example

Source http://www.chcr.brown.edu/pain/tools.htm

14
 27/2/2017

Cause-And-Effect Diagram LOGO

Cause-And-Effect Diagram - Example

Source: http://fishbonediagram.org

Example LOGO

Company XYZ Sdn Bhd has listed possible causes which lead
to a car failure problem. By using the info given, construct a
cause and effect diagram which can show the relationship
between problem and its possible causes.

List of possible causes which lead to a car

failure
Out of fuel Engine has overheated

Fuel gauge is broken Battery is weak

Timing belt is broken The gear is in wrong

position
Poor driving skill Lack of car maintenance

Starter broken Spark plug broken

15
 27/2/2017

Example LOGO

Scatter Diagram LOGO

A graphical technique used to analyze the relationship

between two variables.

Although these diagrams cannot prove that one

variable causes the other, they do indicate the
existence of a relationship, as well as the strength of
that relationship. A scatter diagram is composed of a
horizontal axis containing the measured values of one
variable and a vertical axis representing the
measurements of the other variable.

16
 27/2/2017

Scatter Diagram LOGO

The purpose of the scatter diagram is to display

what happens to one variables when another
variable is changed.

The diagram is used to test a theory that the two

variables are related. The type of relationship that
exits is indicated by the slope of the diagram

Scatter Diagram LOGO

Interpret
your
Plot the chart.
data on
the
Draw and diagram.
label your x
and y axes.

Collect the data

(Remember to use
50-100 paired
samples).

Source: http://69.13.149.40/students/scatterdiagrams.htm#Examples

17
 27/2/2017

Scatter Diagram LOGO

Diagram Interpretation:

According to this scatter

diagram the new
commissioner was right.
There does seem to be a
positive correlation between a
player's weight and her height.
In other words, the taller a
player is the more she tends
to weight.

QUALITY CONTROL CIRCLES LOGO

18
 27/2/2017

The basic concept of QC Circle LOGO

The origin of QC circle is Participative

and Human Oriented Management.
This management philosophy more focus
on human workforce.
Because it consider human being as the
biggest asset of any organization.

www.themegallery.com Company Logo

WHAT ARE QC CIRCLES? LOGO

QC Circles are small circle groups consisting of

first-line employees who continually and
collectively find a problem and discuss on
alternative solution to control and improve the
quality of their work, products and services.

QC circles select and analyze work-related

problems

www.themegallery.com Company Logo

19
 27/2/2017

WHAT ARE QC CIRCLES? LOGO

The members are from the same section that do

the same type of job in order to have common
understanding of problems and all members
participation.

QCC can be formed not only by production

workers but also office workers.

www.themegallery.com Company Logo

BENEFITS OF QC CIRCLES LOGO

Leads to better efficiency in the organization.

Catalyses attitudinal changes.
Create consciousness regarding quality, cost, safety,
house-keeping, etc
Save a certain amount of managerial time, previously
spent to solve problems which will be now solved.
Provide improved work environment and work
methods
Improve morale on the shop.
Involves workers in decision making.
Encourages employees to get involved with common
goals of the company.

www.themegallery.com Company Logo

20
 27/2/2017

LOGO

Click to edit company slogan .

21