Research 1

Experiences of Selected STEM students in Intramurals: Basis for Sports
Development Activities
______________________________________________________________________
A Research
Presented to
the Faculty of Senior High School Department
University of Batangas
Batangas City
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements in
Practical Research
By:
Anthony Otero
Roldan Cantos
Don Russell Florendo
G-11 Rutherford
Campuses: Hilltop | MH del Pilar | Pallocan East | Pallocan West | Lipa

Telephone Numbers: +63 43 723 1446 | 980 0041
Website: www.ub.edu.ph
1.0 Introduction
Participation in sports competition has a positive impact on the academic
experience of the selected students. Having an intramural is one of the event that allow
the students to participate and opens them an opportunity to show their skills and excel
not only in academic but also in sports. Participation experience activity is not only
about winning but also about learning and discovering more about the students
personality.
All levels of students from primary, secondary and tertiary have participation
during intramurals. Many students sometimes have difficulties in expressing their talent
at school. Despite the fact that they are open to participate in sports activity some of
them choose not to join.
Intramurals is an event conducted every school year. It is therefore, expected
that many students already developed their confidence level and has shown their skills
and talent to everyone. However, most of the time students chose to focus on their
upcoming examinations, group or individual assignments and projects. Some of them
also think that they are not good in sports and leads them to focused in one category
and not open to other opportunities that might come to them. Others are also busy with
their gadget life.
Sports also create important opportunities for students to contribute to the
school community, which may cultivate an increased commitment to, or identification
with, school and school values. (Taliaferro, 2010) A growing body of literature suggests
a relationship between PA (Physical Activity) and improved mental well-being for

adolescents. Participation in PA (exercise) for teens was associated with decreased
anxiety and depression and improved academic performance; improved parental
relationships, increased self-esteem, and decreased anger; decreased psychological
stress; lower levels of mental health problems; reduced tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana
use; and satisfaction with mandatory gym classes in school (Valois, 2004).
Participation in vigorous physical activity for at least 20 minutes 3 days per week
decreases from 69% among adolescents aged 12 to 13 years to 38% among those
aged 18 to 21 years. (Valois, 2004) This could be due to a number of factors
throughout the young persons life, but parents and teachers should continue to
encourage young people to stay active to increase their quality of life. If the school
thinks they have to trade physical education or sports in order to get better test scores,
they may be heading down the wrong path. Physical activity can be added to the
school curriculum without academic consequences and also can offer physical,
emotional, and social benefits. (Story, 2009) According to the Taliaferro study,
Identifying a factor, such as sport participation, that correlates with reduced
involvement in multiple health risk behaviors among adolescents represents a
significant contribution to health policy and practice, particularly given the limited
resources available to promote positive health behaviors. (Taliaferro, 2010) When
these positive health behaviors combine with improved academic performance, as
noted in the Valois study, it seems clear that educators should prioritize youth sports as
a win-win situation for the school and for students.

Studies show that not getting enough exercise, in school or otherwise, can lead
to depression, anxiety, and lower interest in school and academics. Unfortunately,
physical activity decreases throughout a young persons time in school. This is because
aside from being busy on school works they also spend their free time with their
gadgets. Sports programs are good for the individual and the whole. It can be difficult
for schools to make decisions regarding funding, especially when test scores decrease.
However, if administrators can keep the big picture in mind, and factor in how the many
benefits of physical activity and sports programs can help students, the good test scores
will follow.
With the abovementioned scenario and situations, the main objective of the
researcher is to determine the advantages of the students participating in sports activity
like intramurals and to identify what are their experiences in such events. This research
was also conducted to determine the factors affecting the students performance in
terms of sports activity.
To encourage students to participate in sports activity which will result to improve
their health, social and emotional benefits which to lead to better academic
performance, and when the team is performing better, on the court and in the
classroom, it adds an incentive for the individual players to do better. In addition is to
participate on a team or as an individual that can help young people to improve
problem-solving skills, which translate to better academic performance.

Statement of the Problem
The research aims to find out the experiences of the selected STEM students
who participated Intramurals. The researcher aim to answer the following question:
1. What are the benefits of having a school Intramurals?

2. What are the experiences of STEM students in Intramurals?
3. How do these experiences help them to improve themselves?
4. How do these experiences serve as basis for Sports Development activities?

Scope and Delimitation
This research studies aims to identify the benefits of having school intramurals.
This will discussed the expected outcomes especially the learning experiences of the
STEM students and how does this experiences will improve themselves
One of the main limitations of this study was its scope. This study was an in-
depth qualitative study and its aim was to explore the perceptions of students role of
having school intramurals The findings provide insights into the perceptions and
experiences of a selected STEM students who brought their own experiences and views
to complete this particular research

Significance of the Study
This study determines the significance effect of having school intramurals.
Intramurals are highly popular in different campuses and provide different experiences
for the participating students. With the research that have found, this paper will go over
with the many benefits of having and participating in intramurals. The result of this study
will greatly benefit the following:
To the students, the result of the study will show interest that will encourage the
students to join in school intramurals.
To the school, many colleges and universities search for ways to improve the
success of students of their campuses. Intramural programs can serve positively in
many ways such us the school can choose their school varsity that will compete on
other universities and will serve as the pride of the school. Intramural sports might be
preferable to the more competitive varsity sports. These programs may also receive
additional funding from the school district (e.g., equipment, officials, facility usage)
and/or through fund raising and support from school groups such as the Parent-Teacher
Association
To the parents, for they will know that their child aside from study is much
focused on sports activity rather than getting influence on alcohol, cigarettes etc. use.
To the school personnel, typically, intramural programs can be managed and
administered by one or more teachers. Financial backing for intramural programs may
come in the form of school administration classifying intramural management as an
extra duty for staff members and pay these teachers accordingly.

Related Literature
Meyer (2005) pointed out in her study that the increase in incidence of childhood
obesity has caused great concern among the healthcare community and educators. It
has been speculated among educators that elementary school students are not
receiving the required amounts of physical education. A lack of physical activity in
childhood can be considered a major factor in the increases of childhood obesity. The
result of her study showed that majority of the teachers who responded on the survey
about the status of physical education in their classroom are not incompliance with stat
mandates for physical education.
According to Rosaldo (2005), heath related fitness as those aspects of
psychological functioning which are believed to offer some protection against
degenerative type disease such as coronary heart disease. Physical fitness is an
integral part of multifaceted wellness lifestyle. Participation in a vigorous physical fitness
program, one which attempts to develop all of the components of health related fitness
has for reaching affects upon the quality of life. The physical values of exercise are
being recognized more and more recent data show that life expectancy, can be
increased and diseases related to inactivity can be decreased by conditioning program.
Physical exercise is of tremendous positive value to every system of the budy, and
learning how each system is benefited by activity will, it is hoped, be a factor in
motivating you to put your body to work and make improvements on those systems.

Intramural sports. Students at the college and university level have been known
to feel more satisfied with their college experience when participating in recreation
programs such as intramurals. Rothwell and Theodore (2006) suggested that
intramurals have been a part of college life since the earliest days of American higher
education and are present in most colleges and universities throughout the United
States. In a study by Hall-Yanessa and Forrester (as cited in Moffit, 2010), they found
that students who participated in club sports indicated higher levels of satisfaction with
their collegiate experience as opposed to those who did not participate. Mathner, Martin,
Tatum, and Chouti (2010) stated that sport holds a position of importance in American
society (p. 119). In 2009, Lindsey et al. defined campus intramural sports as a service
provided to offer students an opportunity to physically participate in fitness and sport
activities. Another important aspect of intramurals and the relationship it has with
college students is the time commitment from students themselves. Moffit also affirmed
that as the students level of commitment to campus recreation increases, their
satisfaction with their campus experience increases.
Intramural sports programs commonly enforce standards of moral conduct such
as good sportsmanship and positive reinforcement. Students must agree to abide by
rules or face the consequences of penalties (Rothwell & Theodore, 2006). Debatable
sportsmanship situations may involve penalties against the offending team.
Disagreements with moral conduct standards forces individuals to analyze their
personal values and beliefs when participating in intramural sports. Rothwell and

Theodore also 5 suggest that actual participation in intramurals provides opportunities
for such attitudes to be publicly affirmed, whether negative or positive.
Another benefit to students who participate in recreational sports is the social
belonging to the university or college. Henderson (2010) suggested that for years
recreational sports professionals have claimed that student participation in recreational
sports positively contributes to their social development. Belch, Gebel, and Mass (2001)
declared that intramurals opens up an essential path for student interaction which can
turn into the stronger development of social skills, integration into the university, and an
even higher retention rate among students who participate often in these activities.
Artinger, Clapham, Forrester, Hunt, Meigs, Milord, and Sampson (2006) provided
information to help claim that intramural sports might contribute to the integration with in
the overall university.
Baileys (2005) recent review article on sport, youth and social inclusion suggest
four seemingly separate categories through which to understand the positive
relationship between sport and child/youth development
There is the potential in South Africa for major and professional and spectator
sporting events (e.g., the soccer World Cup) to act as a powerful tool for
communitybuilding and peace building; Keim (2006) calls for sport to be put back on the
agenda for national transformation with regard to children and youth. In other words, if
South Africa is committed to post-apartheid reconciliation among young populations and
future generations, sport offers a means to this end and should be part of the plan
(Keim, 2006).

The Midnight Basketball League (MBL) is a national program that operates
organized basketball leagues in at risk communities in the U.S. for young men, aged
1721, during the high-crime hours of 10 p.m. to 2 a.m. Early adopters of midnight
basketball programs claimed extraordinary impacts on crime rates; however, it was later
established that crime rates dropped rapidly in all regions of the country during the
same period, severely limiting the claims of efficacy attributed to the sports intervention
(Hartmann & Depro, 2006). However, after matching early-adopter cities with other U.S.
cities that did not offer MBL, Hartmann & Depro (2006) found that the reduction of
property crimes, specifically in MBL cities, was 5% greater than in non-MBL cities. It is
important to note that Hartmann & Depro (2006) did not credit the MBL basketball
program with reducing property crime by diverting potential offenders into a more
positive activity. Rather, they suggested that the media interest in MBL brought positive
attention to these marginalized communities, which served to send a more positive,
proactive message to community members, one that puts a new emphasis on
community outreach and builds trust, commitment and solidarity
Brady (2005) and Brady & Banu-Khan (2005) have documented the social
outcomes associated with sports participation in both the Ishraq and MYSA girls football
program, in Egypt and Kenya, respectively. Brady (2005) suggests that, although
access to safe space is crucial for overall health and development, such space
becomes increasingly confined, restrictive, enclosed, and domestic as girls approach
adolescence, especially in LMICs. In addition to the role of sport in enhancing social

inclusion, integration, reconstruction, friendship, and social ties, it assists in expanding
access to safe social spaces for girls in LMICs, thereby allowing them to take charge
and ownership of space (Brady, 2005).
Along with a campus community that helps build in many retention efforts to help
students achieve on and off the field. Intramurals are offered regardless of sex, age, or
ability level. The activities are designed to be competitive but at the same time stress
the importance of good sportsmanship. In 2005, Forrester and Beggs claimed,
facilitating positive experiences that provide opportunities to develop self-confidence
should be a major goal of all campus recreational sports programs (p. 13).
Lindsey, Sessoms, and Willis (2009) stated that campus recreational sports are
services provided to offer students an opportunity to participate in a sport and fitness
activitiy. Since Allan Hancock College does not offer recreational sports, students have
no opportunity to participate in extracurricular activities that fall within their financial
abilities. Many of these students were once outstanding athletes in high school and
now are at a loss for maintaining their athletic abilities once in college. This study is
meant to assess the interest level in an intramural sports program among the Allan
Hancock College community. Both students and faculty will benefit from this study and
with the information obtained steps shall be made to implement a potential intramural
sports program that will not only be available to Allan Hancock College students but the
community as well.

Intramural sports programs commonly enforce standards of moral conduct such
as good sportsmanship and positive reinforcement. Students must agree to abide by
rules or face the consequences of penalties (Rothwell & Theodore, 2006). Debatable
Sportsmanship situations may involve penalties against the offending team.
Disagreements with moral conduct standards forces individuals to analyze their
personal values and beliefs when participating in intramural sports. Rothwell and
Theodore 5suggest that actual participation in intramurals provides opportunities for
such attitudes to be publicly affirmed, whether negative or positive.
By naming 2005 The International Year of Sport and Physical Education, the
United Nations did much to broaden the analysis of sport, and child and youth
development, globally, and to increase the acceptance of sport as both an end and a
means to aspects of international development, such as the Millennium Development
Goals (Van Eekeren, 2006, p.19). Although much of the literature reviewed in this
document uses definitions, concepts and evidence from high-income countries, such as
Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia, a great deal of
international attention is being paid to the potential utility of sport for child and youth
development in LMICs. Recently, scholars have argued for the need to conduct
prolonged, critical and empirical analyses of the utility of sport for child and youth
development in LMICs, although this literature is only now emerging, and evidence of
the success (or failure) of sport and child/youth development interventions in LMICs is
scarce at this time (Auweele et al., 2006, p.15). Specifically, when considering the
exporting of Northern/Western sport to other countries, questions remain regarding the

values of competitive sport and whether they should be disseminated, what kind of
behaviour should be promoted in and through sport, and what criteria should be used
for good sport delivery (Auweele et al., 2006, p.15). While there is no critical mass of
evidence to address these important questions at this time, the literature reviewed goes
some way towards addressing these questions through an evidence-based
assessment.
The report found that child and youth participation in sport in Calgary, not only as
athletes but also as volunteers and officials, means that children and youth are
experiencing and learning the values of citizenship and leadership as they take on
more responsibility for their sporting experiences and for the future administration of
sport in their community (Douglas Brown Consulting, 2005).
It is important to note that Hartmann & Depro (2006) did not credit the MBL
basketball program with reducing property crime by diverting potential offenders into a
more positive activity. Rather, they suggested that the media interest in MBL brought
positive attention to these marginalized communities, which served to send a more
positive, proactive message to community members, one that puts a new emphasis on
community outreach and builds trust, commitment and solidarity (p.192).
According to Reviews (2006), physical education is taken to mean the deliberate
and systematic uses of games, sports, dance, and selected physical exercises for the
express purporse of developing specific qualities in a group of individuals.
Another benefit to students who participate in recreational sports is the social
belonging to the university or college. Henderson (2010) suggested that for years

recreational sports professionals have claimed that student participation in recreational
sports positively contributes to their social development. Belch, Gebel, and Mass
(2005) declared that intramurals opens up an essential path for student interaction
which can turn into the stronger development of social skills, integration into the
university, and an even higher retention rate among students who participate often in
these activities. Artinger, Clapham, Forrester, Hunt, Meigs, Milord, and Sampson (2006)
provided information to help claim that intramural sports might contribute to the
integration with in the overall university.
The National Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE) has put forth
another set of possible goals that apply directly to physical activity programs. Before
mentioning these goals, however, a distinction between physical activity and physical
education deserves mention. According to NASPE (2005), physical activity is bodily
movement of any type and may include recreational, fitness, and game or sport
activities such jumping rope, lifting weights, or playing soccer, as well as daily activities
such as walking to the store, taking the stairs, or raking leaves. Physical education, on
the other hand, must provide learning opportunities, appropriate instruction, and
meaningful and challenging content. Both physical activity and physical education are
important because each contributes to the development of healthy, active individuals.
According to Richard Sagor (2006), who was inspired by the motivation and
commitment to excellence of a group of young skateboarders. He attributed their
enthusiasm to the desire to fulfill five universal needs to feel competent, to belong, to
feel useful, to feel potent, and to feel optimistic.

Dr. Yasmeen Iqbal (2006), A study done by in which she analyzed the sports
culture of Pakistan mainly relating to social class differences in sport participation
among female college students of five capital cities of the Pakistan and the provinces
were selected where girls participation in sports competitions at various Boards and
Universities. In her conclusion on the basis of the results it was found that the sports
particulars belonging to working class families in the capital cities of Pakistan and the
provinces are hardworking, industrious, and strong and determined as compared to
middle class sports participants. The study clearly shows that sports participants of both
classes need attention of parents and the educational institutions towards sports
activities, and desire for adequate incentive on their achievements during competitions.
The sense of realization and responses of the girls of both middle and working class
sport participants were more or less have the same views, therefore, it was assessed
that the social class differences do not make any considerable obstacle on their
perceptions and expressed by the female participants. Thus, it confirms that the female
college students irrespective of social class belongingness tend to perceive greater
amount of ideal characteristics in the ideal self. Further, it was found that the sport
participants are more affectionate, smart, and socially strong in tackling the affairs of the
society and possess comparatively better societal understanding, predicting,
communicating and controlling individual as well as collective behavior of women in the
society as compared to non-sport participants. The studies and reports of the physical
educationists have verified, to great extent, that physiological problem expressed were
mainly on whims and lack of adequate information about womens health care. The

women of 21st century are participating more in sports and engaging themselves in
various physical activities for maintaining the effective physiological responses to bring
laurels for themselves and for the nation, and by enlarge lead to a happy domestic
social life.
Keshavamurthy T. and Dr. Prakash S. M. (2006), A study conducted by on the
family influence on sports performance among university sports persons- a comparative
study of men and women in which fifty men and fifty women are represented Mangalore
University were randomly selected has subjects for this study. A structured
questionnaire comprising of 25 questions, out of which 13 questions were on their
socio-demographic facts and 14 to 25 questions were related to family sport
background inquiring into all aspects of contributing factors to sport achievement framed
on the basis of 5 point scale. The questionnaire was administered to the sports persons
by the investigator personally for the fairness of the opinions. The conclusions from the
analyses carried out on the basis of responses given by the University sports persons,
the conclusions are drawn as (1) The brothers and sisters of University sports persons
have good sports background. Their parents do not have sufficient sport and financial
background; still they try their level best to help their children to achieve their best
performance in sport. (2) In addition to that, most of the University sports persons
parents educational background and occupation is below the average standard of living
and also, they belong to rural areas. Still, the sports persons have achieved their target
of minimum level of sport representation. Thus we can justify the encouragement and
level of contribution given by the family to their childrens sport achievement. (3)

Popularity of sport and its increased participation can be achieved only if the family
members provide all sorts of encouragement, financial assistance, and moral support
and personally involve in sport and regularly participate in physical activity to maintain
their health.
Ian T. (2007), The presentation of in his Research Article on The Changing Face
of University Sport at the International Conference for Sports Administrators at
Kanyakumari, India, focuses on some innovations in the development of an
engagement in sport at a modern UK University. The University North Umbria at
Newcastle, in the North East of England, has academic programs in sport for
approximately 500 students (located in Division of Sport Sciences) and a sports service
department (Sport North Umbria) which plans, manages and resources University wide
sport services through a network of facilities, sports clubs, student participation,
competitions, high performance sports, a volunteer and coach education and training
service and a portfolio of community initiatives. North Umbria University has (not
surprisingly) identified the quality of the student experience as its first corporate aim.
Sport North Umbrias contribution to student life is to concentrate on the delivery of a
quality sport services program endo9rsing the student experience, and other corporate
aims. The University are far from typical in how to do this, and for that they make no
apology. To embrace as many of the corporate aims as we can, the department has set
specific targets, which aspire to deliver a range of international, national, regional and
University objectives. North Umbrias vision is to be one of the worlds leading learning
and teaching universities, renowned for the excellence of the student experience,

innovative research based practice and high quality research and enterprise, together
transforming the communities it serves. The Universitys mission is to serve learning
communities by delivering internationally recognized and professionally relevant
learning research and enterprise.
Joseph (2007), According to from Kannur University, competitive sports play a
major role in the higher education scenario as an integration mechanism for individual
students, the educational institutions as an organization and the society at large. It is a
well known fact that inter-collegiate sports offer opportunity for the youth to congregate
and fight for a common goal. At the individual level, participation in sports activities will
have positive effect in developing an integrated personality, besides social and
psychological values. University sports have now achieved greater importance and
momentum in India. More than two hundred thousand students participate in Inter-
University level competitive sports (AIU report 2007) and many more thousand
participate at inter-collegiate level competitions every year in various sports disciplines.
In spite of the increased opportunities and benefits offered by various agencies the
quality and quantity of inter-collegiate participation remains almost stable. Sports
administrators and teachers are adopting strategies to create awareness among the
youth to develop a holistic approach towards competitive sports and psychological
aggression activities. Present study was undertaken to examine the students
participation in the University sports and physical activities, based on an academic and
social view point. The study was confined to students and programs of Kannur
University, Kerala (India). The participation in Inter-Collegiate sports competition is

8.61% and 2.23% in male and female sections respectively. Even though the objective
of inter-collegiate sports is to give opportunity to all the student community to have an
access to sports and physical activities, the rate of participation is very low due to
academic, social and psychological reasons. The academic performance of the sports
persons is not affected by their sports participation. The main reasons may be, the
award of Grace marks in order to compensate the class hours lost due to sports
participation. To enhance the standard and quality of university sports, students have to
be made aware of the health and fitness benefits and the value of sports and physical
activity, rather than emphasizing on sports achievement and monetary benefits.
J. Sam & Shenbagavalli (2007), Alagappa University, Karaikudi states in the
study on the Analysis of Achievement Motivation and Self Concept among All India Inter
University Women Football Players that to investigate this study 90 women players from
various Universities participated in the All India Inter University Football Tournament
held at Alagappa University, Karaikudi were taken up subjects. The subjects were
administered with two types of questionnaires which are sports achievement
questionnaire by Dr. M. L. Kamlesh to find out the Achievement Motivation and Piers
Harris Self-Concept questionnaire to find out Self-Concept. The subjects were randomly
divided as high achievers those teams entered into the semifinals and the low achievers
those team lost in the first round. The two questionnaires were carefully analyzed with a
separate scoring scale and the collected data were calculated with one way analysis of
variance (ANOVA). The results showed that there was a significant difference in the

achievement motivation among high and low achievers and there was no significant
difference in the self-concept among high and low achievers.
Yusuf (2007), The purpose of this paper is to examine the reasons that keep
Malaysian university students from participating in sport activities during their leisure
time. The three-dimensional leisure constraints model was used as the theoretical
framework for the study. The sample consisted of 303 students from University Putra
Malaysia using survey instruments based on Crawford and Godbeys (1987) Leisure
Constraints Model. The instrument is designed to measure three types of constraints to
sport participation: (1) structural, (2) interpersonal and (3) intrapersonal. Data were
analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-tests and ANOVA. The results suggest the subjects
were constrained most by structural factors such as lack of information about existing
sport activities and facilities, inconvenient facility location and inconvenient facility
operating hours. Female students experienced higher levels of structural and
intrapersonal constraints than their male counterparts. Implications of the findings for
sport administrators were given to overcome some constraints, and increase students
participation in sport activities.
Related studies
In Holtzberg (2005) study, she revealed that including students with disabilities in
physical education activities continues to challenge educators when considering the
ideal placement. This study presented opposing self-esteem theories that predict both
positive and negative outcomes based on academic placement. The purpose of this

study was to investigate the effect of classroom placement on the self-esteem of
secondary school students with physical and learning disabilities. The researcher
administered and evaluated a series of self-esteem assessment from participants,
family members, and educators Additional information was gathered directly from
participants using conversational disability, psychological assessment, and interview
coding, analyzed and validated findings of the study.
Baltazar RN (2005), physical fitness activities carry out daily tasks with vigor and
alertness, without undue fatigue and with ample energy to enjoy leisure time pursuits
and to meet emergencies. It is also the capacity to meet present and future challenges
of life with success. A person may start an exercise program and slowly progress in both
repetitions and intensity. There is no required definite time for an individual to exercise
but certainly, a regular daily exercise is the best means to develop good physique.
Pascarella and Terenzini (2005) further identified social adjustment issues as one
of the indicators of student attrition. Undergraduate students who are not involved or
associated with the social fabric of the college community are more likely to drop out
(Swail, Redd, & Perna, 2003). If a student does not establish a sufficient amount of
social ties during their university experience and feels isolated, they are more likely to
leave college. Extracurricular activities provide many opportunities for increasing social
ties, student interaction (Watson et al, 2006), influencing social integration in college
(Kilchenman, 2009) along with an increased sense of community on campus (Hall,
2006) which all increase the quality of student life on campus.

Student satisfaction with their university experience as a result of social bonding
may lead to persistence and retention in their academic studies. For example, Lindsey
and Sessoms (2006) examined various demographic variables (e.g. year in school,
ethnicity, grade point average, greek affiliation, residence, and employment status) and
the frequency of participation in recreational services and reported that the opportunities
to participate in recreational programs contributed to students decision to attend and
provided a reason to remain at a university. Miller (2011) examined recreational sports
environment as a whole as it related to social belonging and retention and found that
the recreational sports environment contributed to attracting students to a university and
also provided a reason for them not to leave.
Kanters and Montepare (2005) indicates, human have become a health care
dependent rather than a health prevention society; therefore people are reactive rather
than proactive. If they become ill they go to a doctor to get well. These notion stems
from a belief than health services result in the health improvements. Physical education
concentrates on both the art and science of human movement. However, the ultimate
objective is to employ the movement as means of contributing to the physical, mental
and social goals of education. Thus, physical education may properly be defined as
education through physical means primarily focused on the large muscle activity; or
learning to move by moving.
Anoop (2007), A study on Analysis of Personality Traits of University Level
Players in Selected Sports Discipline by from Kannur University states that personality
is the relatively stable and distinctive patterns of behavior that characterize an individual

and his or her reactions to the environment. In recent years the study of personality of
sports men and women got great relevance, as it affects the success and molding of
behavior. Trait theories assume that a personality can be described by its position on a
number of continuous dimensions or scales, each of which represents a trait. A trait
refers to any characteristics in which one individual differs from another in a relatively
permanent or consistent way. Research into the relationship between aggression and
adjestment personality and sport is principally educated towards answering two
categories of questions (1) the influence of sport on personality, (2) to predict individual
differences in sport participation and achievement. The study has been conducted find
out the relationship between the personality traits of selected sports groups namely:
Football, Volleyball, Kho-Kho and Handball. The study was delimited to northern part of
Kerala.
Nagalingappa (2007), In the study on Sports Activities in Karnataka State
Universities: Glimpses of a Cost Benefit Analysis by states that at present there are 18
University level institutions in Karnataka state, of which eight are traditional Universities.
These Universities are basically of two types, unitary and affiliating. Most of the
Universities are of affiliating type with large ones like Bangalore having more than four
hundred colleges. This work focuses on the Cost benefit analysis of Bangalore and
Mangalore Universities and assesses the performance. Its purpose is to help managers,
maintain a precise focus on the most efficient use of funds and also to help program
managers to minimize costs for a desired level of effectiveness and to maximize
effectiveness for given level of costs. The primary objective is to decipher the trend and

linear growth in case of benefit cost of the Karnataka Universities. In this study a
simplistic method is followed to evaluate the nature of cast and benefits as applicable to
institutions. A regular and systematic training is required to improve the level of
performance, so the long duration investment is evaluated using the benefit cost ratio
technique. Data has been collected from the directorate of physical education in all the
Universities of Karnataka state. As a result, Bangalore University performance should
be doubles that of Mangalore University because of the doubling of budget and
infrastructure over the years. But Bangalore University performance is 196 to Mangalore
Universitys 100, showing only a slight improvement in performance over Mangalore
University. J. Sam & Shenbagavalli (2007), Alagappa University, Karaikudi.
Paterson reported on a systematic review of 34 studies which found mixed
results of beneficial outcomes from physical activity interventions on cognitive function
indices (Paterson et al 2010). Results from prospective cohort studies showed that a
high level of physical activity was related to better cognitive functioning and lower
dementia risk, but the intervention studies were more equivocal. Physical activity
interventions in older people were found to result in improvement in physiological
measures and physical function, but many did not show benefit for cognitive function.
Van Uffelen conducted a systematic review of 23 randomised controlled trials that
evaluated physical activity interventions in people with and without cognitive decline
(van Uffelen et al 2008). Five of the studies reported that for people without cognitive
decline, there were significant beneficial intervention outcomes for information
processing, executive function or memories. Five of the studies showed benefits from

physical activity interventions for general cognition, executive functioning, and memory
for those people with cognitive decline.
Lee and colleagues reported on a systematic review of 37 studies that identified
nine that pertained to the association between physical activity and dementia or
cognitive health (Lee et al 2010). In this systematic review, results showed that eight of
the nine selected studies exhibited significant inverse associations between physical
activity and dementia or cognitive function. Leisure time physical activity, even of
moderate level, appears to provide the benefit of reduced risk of dementia.
SYNTHESIS
In the literature reviewed by the researcher it implies that the students
experiences can be express in various activities such as intramurals that will benefit and
help to improved themselves. Some say that it can be distraction to the students, but,
on the contrary, there are many benefits on having and participating in school
intramurals. The varieties of studies that have been mention were from numerous sizes
of institutions, from small private schools to large universities. Despite of having a high
rate of alcoholic consumption, benefits from intramurals range from improving mental
and physical health to keep students in school and raising their social skills,
sportsmanship and academic performances.
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design
The researcher will use the survey descriptive method which aims and ensuring
that the questionnaires provided by the researcher will give useful and reliable
information about the research topic.
The methods section describes the rationale for the application of specific
procedures or techniques used to identify, select, and analyze information applied to
understanding the research problem, thereby, allowing the reader to critically evaluate a
studys overall validity and reliability. The function of a research design is to ensure that
the evidence obtained enables us to answer the Research design deals with a logical
problem and not a logistical problem (Yin, 1989:29) Descriptive research is used to
describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied. It does not
answer question about how/when/why the characteristics occurred. Rather it addresses
the what question. The description is used for frequencies, average and other
statistical calculations. Often the best approach, prior to writing descriptive research, is
to conduct a survey investigation. Qualitative research often has the aim of description
and researchers may follow-up with examinations of why the observations exist and
what the implications of the findings are.
Respondents of the Study

The subject of this research are 30 selected STEM students who has
experiences and has been participated in school intramural. The researcher used
purposive sampling in the selection of the respondents of the study.
Question 1: Why does the school hold intramurals?

GROUP OF ANSWER CODE
RESPONDENTS
Pa1 To show the hidden talents Talents and skills
and skills of every students.
Pa2 Because they want to learn Student Sportsmanship
the student what is
sportsmanship and to
Experiences fun, teamwork,
enjoyment and excitement
Pa3 For students to exercise Exercise their Physical
their Physical abilities and abilities and discipline
discipline.
Pa4 For them to excel not only Academics
in academics but also in
extra-curricular activities
Pa5 School hold intramurals to Enjoyment and experiences
give enjoyment and
experiences to the
students.
Pa6 To manifest the abilities of Abilities of the students.
the students and get a hold
of their interest in sports.
Pa7 For fun, relaxation of Relaxation of students.
students and also for
sports.
Question 2: What are the benefits of having school intramurals?

RESPONDENTS

Pa1 We can use the time to Time to enjoy
enjoy and its very
beneficial to our health too.
Pa2 For students to show their Show their skills in sports
skills in sports and promote
teamwork.
Pa3 They will know there skills Improving their selves
and talents and improving sportsmanship.
their selves sportsmanship.
Pa4 The benefits of having a It will enhance the talents of
school intramural is, it will each and every students.
enhance the talents of each
and every students. It will
also help the students to
increase their self-
confidence.
Pa5 Enhancing ones ability or Enhancing
talent.
Pa6 Discovering possible varsity Discovering possible varsity
players. players.
Pa7 Having new friends Having new friends
Question 3: How does intramural develop students sportsmanship?

RESPONDENTS
Pa1 They can learn how to Learn
manage their failures and
accept it whole heartedly.
Pa2 By developing their skills Developing

and talent in sports.
Pa3 Because of the activities Activities performed
performed the students will
start a good sportsmanship.
Pa4 By working as a team, Working as a team.
students develop
sportsmanship and by
realizing that winning isnt
everything
Pa5 Students learned to be Students learned.
sport in every game by
being friendly together with
being competitive.
Pa6 By accepting if they lose Accepting
the game
Question 4: What is your participation in the Intramurals?

Game Player 13
Committee chair/ member 1
Join non-sports contest 7
Spectators/cheerers 11

Question 5: What experiences did you have from joining/participating the
intramurals?
Fun 12
Enjoyment 15
Excitement 13
Team work 11
Question 6: How do these experience help you to improve your self?
Learn to value my god given talents 11

Learn to value others action/decision 9
Learn to accept defeat 14
Learn to show compassion 7
Question 7: Which of the sports do you have the most interest to join? Why.

RESPONDENTS
Pa1 Palarong Pinoy because I Enjoy
enjoy playing Palarong
Pinoy
Pa2 Badminton Its more easy Easy to play
to play than the other.
Pa3 Interested to join tennis or Interested
volleyball.
Pa4 Basketball Because Id Enhance my skills

like to play it and to
enhance my skills in playing
basketball.
Question 8: What type of sports did you participate the most?

Volleyball 5
Basketball 10
Athletics 1
Table tennis 2
Badminton 1
Question 9: Why did you find interesting?

RESPONDENTS
PA1 I enjoy play my favorite Enjoy
sports in intrams.
PA2 That is my favorite sports Favorite sports
PA3 Because my friends can Friends
watch me and cheer.
PA4 Ive been playing Playing
badminton since I was
young
Question 10: What other sports would you like to join/to play in the near future?

Volleyball 11
Basketball 6
Athletics 1
Table tennis 2
Badminton 1
Football 1
Baseball 1
None 7
Discussion
Question 1: On the first question. Why does the school hold the intramurals? Some
students answer the question in different ideas based on the interview question: To
show the hidden talents and skills of every students. Because they want to learn the
student what is sportsmanship and to Experiences fun, teamwork, enjoyment and
excitement. For students to exercise their Physical abilities and discipline. For them to
excel not only in academics but also in extra-curricular activities. School hold
intramurals to give enjoyment and experiences to the students. To manifest the abilities
of the students and get a hold of their interest in sports. For fun, relaxation of students
and also for sports.
Question 2: On the second question. What are the benefits of having school
intramurals? This question answer in different ideas and knowledge of the student
based on the interview question: We can use the time to enjoy and its very beneficial to
our health too. For students to show their skills in sports and promote teamwork. They
will know there skills and talents and improving their selves sportsmanship. The benefits
of having a school intramural is, it will enhance the talents of each and every students. It

will also help the students to increase their self-confidence. Enhancing ones ability or
talent. Discovering possible varsity players. Having new friends.
Question 3: On the third question. How does intramural develop students

sportsmanship? The student answer the question based on our interview: They can
learn how to manage their failures and accept it whole heartedly. By developing their
skills and talent in sports. Because of the activities performed the students will start a
good sportsmanship. By working as a team, students, develop sportsmanship and by
realizing that winning isnt everything. Students learned to be sport in every game by
being friendly together with being competitive. By accepting if they lose the game.
Question 4:


Research 1

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Research 1

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Experiences of Selected STEM students in Intramurals: Basis for Sports

the Faculty of Senior High School Department

Don Russell Florendo

Campuses: Hilltop | MH del Pilar | Pallocan East | Pallocan West | Lipa

Participation in sports competition has a positive impact on the academic

them choose not to join.

Intramurals is an event conducted every school year. It is therefore, expected

upcoming examinations, group or individual assignments and projects. Some of them

their gadget life.

Sports also create important opportunities for students to contribute to the

school community, which may cultivate an increased commitment to, or identification

a relationship between PA (Physical Activity) and improved mental well-being for

Campuses: Hilltop | MH del Pilar | Pallocan East | Pallocan West | Lipa

anxiety and depression and improved academic performance; improved parental

relationships, increased self-esteem, and decreased anger; decreased psychological

aged 18 to 21 years. (Valois, 2004) This could be due to a number of factors

Identifying a factor, such as sport participation, that correlates with reduced

involvement in multiple health risk behaviors among adolescents represents a

resources available to promote positive health behaviors. (Taliaferro, 2010) When

these positive health behaviors combine with improved academic performance, as

a win-win situation for the school and for students.

Campuses: Hilltop | MH del Pilar | Pallocan East | Pallocan West | Lipa

to depression, anxiety, and lower interest in school and academics. Unfortunately,

researcher is to determine the advantages of the students participating in sports activity

terms of sports activity.

To encourage students to participate in sports activity which will result to improve

classroom, it adds an incentive for the individual players to do better. In addition is to

participate on a team or as an individual that can help young people to improve

problem-solving skills, which translate to better academic performance.

Campuses: Hilltop | MH del Pilar | Pallocan East | Pallocan West | Lipa

1. What are the benefits of having a school Intramurals?

Campuses: Hilltop | MH del Pilar | Pallocan East | Pallocan West | Lipa

to complete this particular research

Campuses: Hilltop | MH del Pilar | Pallocan East | Pallocan West | Lipa

This study determines the significance effect of having school intramurals.

will greatly benefit the following:

students to join in school intramurals.

success of students of their campuses. Intramural programs can serve positively in

To the school personnel, typically, intramural programs can be managed and

come in the form of school administration classifying intramural management as an

Campuses: Hilltop | MH del Pilar | Pallocan East | Pallocan West | Lipa

receiving the required amounts of physical education. A lack of physical activity in

mandates for physical education.

According to Rosaldo (2005), heath related fitness as those aspects of

psychological functioning which are believed to offer some protection against

degenerative type disease such as coronary heart disease. Physical fitness is an

integral part of multifaceted wellness lifestyle. Participation in a vigorous physical fitness

increased and diseases related to inactivity can be decreased by conditioning program.

learning how each system is benefited by activity will, it is hoped, be a factor in

Campuses: Hilltop | MH del Pilar | Pallocan East | Pallocan West | Lipa

programs such as intramurals. Rothwell and Theodore (2006) suggested that

provided to offer students an opportunity to physically participate in fitness and sport

that as the students level of commitment to campus recreation increases, their

satisfaction with their campus experience increases.

Intramural sports programs commonly enforce standards of moral conduct such

as good sportsmanship and positive reinforcement. Students must agree to abide by

sportsmanship situations may involve penalties against the offending team.

Disagreements with moral conduct standards forces individuals to analyze their

Campuses: Hilltop | MH del Pilar | Pallocan East | Pallocan West | Lipa

for such attitudes to be publicly affirmed, whether negative or positive.

Another benefit to students who participate in recreational sports is the social

recreational sports professionals have claimed that student participation in recreational

the overall university.

four seemingly separate categories through which to understand the positive