2009 International Joint Conference on Computational Sciences and Optimization

Nonlinear Vibration Caused by Beam of Cable Structures

Jiangen Lv1, 2, Ronghui Wang1

1
School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology,
Guangzhou, 510640, P.R.China
2
College of Urban Construction, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,
Guangzhou, 510225, P.R. China
Lvjiangen77@163.com

Abstract of cable severely affect the security of the cable-stayed

The nonlinear vibrations of cables excited by the
vibration of beam were investigated. At first, a simple
connection condition and boundary condition of the
cable-stayed beam structure were applied. The
nonlinear equations of motion of the cable-stayed
beam structure were derived, and the static sag of the
cable as well as the geometric nonlinearity was
considered, moreover, Appling the multi-scale
perturbation method, the nonlinear vibrations of
cables were studied, the nonlinear vibration response
of cables was analyzed by the Runge-Kutta numerical
method to obtain the frequency-response curves. The
results indicate that the beam small scale vibration can
stimulate the cable the large scale movement when
local oscillation frequency of beams is in the certain
region, it affects the cable-stayed beam structure the
stability and the security in the Engineering. For the
system in which the damping and the frequency ratio
was given, the enough low excitation amplitudes can
avoid the system resonances.
1. Introduction
Cables are applied widely on civil engineering and
mechanical system extensively since they are
economic means for such applications as stationing
large and small structures. Due to their lightness,
flexibility and inherently low damping characteristics,
cable structures are susceptible to large vibrations
under the wind excitation, rain-wind excitation, or
beam structure.
So far, many studies mainly focused on the
nonlinear vibration of cables structure [4-6]. This paper
aims to investigate nonlinear dynamic behaviors of
cables in the cable-stayed beam structure which widely
exists in many civil structures. The analysis is started
with the derivation of the nonlinear mechanical model
equation of the cable-stayed beam structure. The
connection condition and boundary condition of the
cable-stayed structure is considered, the equation is
reduced the nonlinear vibration equation of cables
subjected to anchorage excitation of beam, and then the
multi-scale method is used to analyze the parametric
and sub-harmonic resonances of cables. The main
purpose of the paper is to obtain the nonlinear dynamic
phenomena of cables subjected to beam in cable-stayed
beam structure.
2. Derivation of Equations of Motion
The cable-stayed beam structure configuration
depicted in Figure 1 (see Figure 1) is used to study the
nonlinear vibration of cables in the composite
structure. The motion of the cable is described in
rectangular coordinate, while the motion of the beam is
described in other rectangular coordinate.
x
lc
d

parametric excitation. It has been observed that the y0

inclined stayed-cables of cable-stayed beam showed
severe vibration with large amplitude on rainy and lb
windy days [1-3]. These large amplitude vibrations can
x
(a)
result in loss of serviceability or even, at worst, severe
damage and structure failure. Especially, the vibrations

978-0-7695-3605-7/09 $25.00 2009 IEEE 687

689
DOI 10.1109/CSO.2009.140
 Where EcAc is the axial rigidity of the cable, by
employing the separation-of-variables method and
under the assumption v b (xb , t ) = v b ( xb ) cos b t ,
vc( substituting the equation into (1), the equation of
x c
t) X(
t) motion of a beam is obtained:
vb ( xb , t ) = [B1 sinh ( b xb ) + B2 cosh ( b xb )
(6)
+ B3 cos( b xb ) + B4 sin ( b xb )]cos b t
v (x ,t)
b b
Where Bn is constant coefficients from the
(b)
boundary conditions in Equation (3-4), b is from the
Figure 1. Cable-stayed beam configurations :( a) follow characteristic equation.
static model, (b) dynamic model K 1+ cosb lb coshb lb
= b3 (7)
Eb I b cosb lb sinhb lb sin b lb coshb lb
In this study, the following assumptions are made:
Where b = b2 Eb I b mb
(1) Both the cable and the beam are considered as a
homogenous one-dimensional elastic continuum The transverse displacement of cables at anchorage
obeying a linear stress-strain relationship; can be expressed by
(2) The shear, rotary inertia, tangential inertia and (t ) = vb ( xb , t ) cos( ) (8)
the geometric non-linearity of the beam is negligible; xb = 0 , (t ) = cos bt
(3) For the coordinate system shown in Figure 1,
the equilibrium configuration for the inclined cable is Where = ( B2 + B3 ) cos( ) , (t) is the oscillating
described through the parabola amplitude of a beam at anchorage. The investigation of
2
y 0 ( x ) = 4(d / l )( x x / l ) under the assumptions of the Equation (2) is followed:
small sag d to length l ratio( d / l < 1/ 10 ); T = T0 + Ec Ac (9)
(4) The flexural, tensional, shear rigidities of the x / s = (1 + y 0'2 ) 1 / 2 1 8d 2 f 2 / lc
2
(10)
cable are negligible. 2
Under the previous assumptions, the equations of T0 = H (1 + y0 ) H (1 + 8d f / lc )
2 1/ 2 2 2
(11)
motion governing the transverse vibration can be Where f is defined by expression f=1-2x/lc, T0 is
obtained by using the classical Hamilton principle [7- the static cable tension; H is the X-directional
8] component of the initial tension; is the additional
mb vb + Eb I b vb= 0 (1) dynamic strain of a cable. Substituting (9)-(11) into (2)
( y0 + vc ) one obtains the following equation.
s
T
s = mc vc mc g cos (2) 8d 2 f 2 8d 2 f 2
1 1
where vb and vc are the transverse deflection of the lc
2 x lc
2

beam and the transverse deflection of the cable
respectively; mg and mc are the mass per unit length of 8d 2 f 2 vc y v (12)
H 1 + + E c Ac 0 + c

x x x
2
the arch and the cable respectively; T is the axial lc
tension of the cable; EbIb is the flexural rigidity of the
= m vc
beam; S is the curvilinear abscissa along the centerline,
a dot denotes the derivative with respect to time t Where is obtained by
.Furthermore, the geometric boundary conditions of the = c + X = y0 vc + vc2 / 2 + ( cos bt ) / lc (13)
anchorage can be written as The prime indicates the derivative with respect to
vb (lb ) = 0 vb (lb ) = 0 vb(0) = 0 vc (0) = 0 (3) the coordinate x, substituting (13) into (12) and taking
uc (lc ) + vb (0)cos = 0 vc (lc ) vb (0 )sin = 0 (4) into account the assumption (3), the following equation
is derived:
where is the inclined angle of cable chord
measured from vertical, lc is the span of the cable, The
influence of the cable vibration on the beam vibration
is negligible because the mass of the beam is far larger
than the mass of the cable. The cable is regarded as the
elastic strut to the beam at anchorage, the stiffness k of
the elastic strut can be expressed by
K = Ec Ac cos2 lc (5)

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690
 H
2vc
H
8d 2 f 2 2vc
+
02 = Ha 2 / mc (23)
2
x2 lc x
2 2
Where is the Irvine parameter, 0 related to sag-
16d 2 f 2 cosbt 8d 2 f 2 cosbt 2vc to-span ratio is the first natural frequency of a cable,
Ec Ac 2 + 3
2
x the value of 0 increases as sag-to-span ratio increases.
lc lc lc
32d 2 f cosbt 64d 2 f vc 3. Results and Discussion
+ 4
3
lc lc x
(14) In this section, a range of the frequency of vibration
3 12d 2 f 2 vc 2 2vc of the beam is investigated, when the frequency of
+ Ec Ac vibration of the beam falls in the range, the cable may
lc x x
2 2
2 be excited and exhibit large response amplitude, and
vc the effect of excitation amplitudes of the beam on the
2 3
12df vc 2vc 12d vc 16d 2 f
+ + 3 frequency-response curves is also examined. In our
lc x x2 lc 2 x lc x calculations, the parameters of the cable root in a stage
8d cosbt in the erection of a large span cable-stayed bridges:
Ec Ac = mcvc
lc
3 Ac=71.9710-4m2, =56.4, lc=129.2m, H=3300KN,
The modal shape of a string is substituted mc=kg/m, Ec=200GPa.In the following sections, one
approximatively the modal shape of a cable in the discuss the effect of excitation amplitudes of the beam
cable-stayed beam because the value of is very small on the amplitude of the cable and the effect of
excitation amplitudes of the beam on the frequency-
[7].It was shown by T.S Aziz et al. [8] that the cable
r e s p o n s e c u r v e s o f t h e c a b l e r e s p e c t i v e l y.
displacements in the vertical and transverse directions
are dominated by the first mode. Therefore, the first 2.4
mode of the cable is selected in this paper. c=0.0005
vc ( x, t ) = u (t ) sin(x / lc ) (15) 1.8
k=2.08
k=2.06
Imposing the stationary Hamiltonian functional
method, considering the cable damping c, we obtain k=2.04
qc/m

1.2
the following non-linear ordinary-differential equation
governing the modal planar oscillations through the
first generalized coordinate. 0.6 k=2.00
u + 2 cc u + (c2 + 1 cos b t )u + 2u 2 k=1.996
(16)
+ 3u 3 + 4 cos b t = 0 0.0
0.00 10.03 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.18
In order to define the coefficients i, the following
/m
variables have to be introduced:
a = /l ,b = d /l Figure 2. c=0.0005, the relationship between
Therefore, the coefficients i of (16) are given as excitation amplitude and amplitude of the cable
follows:
Figure 2 ~ Figure 4 (see Figure 2 ~ Figure 4)show
E A a2 1 1 32ab
2
the relationship between excitation amplitude and
1 = c c 1 16b 2 2 2 (17)
mc l c 6 mc l c amplitude of the cable for different frequency ratios k
Ec Ac a 2 b 64alc 16 under the given damping ratio c: for <1,one doesnt
2 = + (18) find nontrivial solution; for 1 one gets a stable
mc lc 3 2
nontrivial solution at least, and kk (the value of k is
Ec Ac 3 4 3 10a 3b 2 determined from the amplitude-frequency curve),one
3 = a lc a 4b 2lc 1 2 (19)
mclc 8 2 gets only a stable nontrivial solution, while for k>k,in
the range of 1,one finds two nontrivial solutions,
32b
4 = Ec Ac 2 (20) the biggish nontrivial solution is stable, the lesser
mclc nontrivial solution is unstable. For example, taking the
Moreover, the following variables have to be case c0.0005 k=2.04:For <19.7mm one doesnt
introduced get nontrivial solution, namely the parametric
c2 = 02 [1 + 0.52 (2 / ) 4 ] (21) resonance of a cable cant occur; for 19.7mm the
parametric resonance of a cable may occur, one finds
2 = Ec Ac (8d / lc )3 /(mc glc sin ) (22) two nontrivial solutions, the biggish nontrivial solution

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is stable, the lesser nontrivial solution is unstable. The stayed beam structure. Additional studies are needed to
comparison between Figure 2 ~Figure 4 (see Figure 2 check whether anchorage oscillations do attain such
~Figure 4) shows that the excitation amplitude small amplitude levels in the appropriate frequency
increases as the damping increases when the ranges.
parametric resonance and sub harmonic resonance The maximum amplitude of the transverse
occur. displacement response during the transient regime is
larger than the corresponding values in the steady-state
2.4
regime.
c=0.001
k=2.08
1.8
k=2.06
Acknowledgements
k=2.04
This work is supported by Natural Science Foundation
qc/m

1.2
of Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering
(No.G2360273)
0.6 k=2.00
k=1.998 References
0.0
0.03 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.18 [1] M Matsumoto, N Shiraishi, H Shirato. Rain-wind induced
/m vibration of cables of cable-stayed bridge, Journal of
Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,
Figure 3. c=0.001, the relationship between 44(1992), 2011-2022.
excitation amplitude and amplitude of the cable [2] Z.G Wang, B.G Sun. Parametric vibration of the cable in
2.4 cable-stayed bridge, China Civil Engineering Journal,
5(2002).28-33. (In Chinese)
c=0.002
k=2.08 [3] Y.Y Zhao, J.G Lv. Non-linear parametric vibration of
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Engineering Journal, 11(2006), 67-71. (In Chinese)
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qc/m

1.2 dynamic analysis of the two-dimensional simplified

k=2.02 model of an elastic cable, Journal of Sound and Vibration,
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interaction of the suspended cable: Three-to-one internal
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0.06 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.18 10731093.
[6] L.H Wang, Y.Y Zhao. Non-linear planar dynamics of
/m
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excitation amplitude and amplitude of the cable [7] H. Max Irvine. Cable Structure. The MIT Press, 1981.
[8] T.S Aziz, A Ghobara, M EI-Attar. Non-linear dynamics
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4. Conclusions Earthquake Engineering, 1996, 1616-1620.
This paper is concerned with the study of the
nonlinear dynamics of cables in cable-stayed beam
structure. The summary and conclusions of this paper
are as follows:
A nonlinear mechanical model was developed for
the study of nonlinear dynamics of cables in the cable-
stayed beam structure as a result of small anchorage
motions; the frequency-response curves for different
excitation amplitudes as well as parametric resonance
curves were obtained.
Small amplitudes of anchorage oscillation may lead
to important steady-state cable responses when the
frequency of the anchorage motion is close to two
times the first natural frequency of the cable in cable-

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