CHflPTfr 1s'

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 Basic Concept

Mechanica :
who / why /
what
movement object

Biomechanica :
system muskuloskeletal
 Physics Law's
1. Aristoteles :
2. Newton
a. Newton 1st :
d
c. Newton 3rd :
MASS & WEIGHT
Mass :
Unit of mass : Kg

Weight:
Unit of Weight : Kg m/s (Newton)
 Body Mechanica

Basic element :
1. Body Aligment
2. Balance
3. Coordinate Body Movement
Center of Gravitasi : 55-57 % height
 Lever System

1st class

9
 Principle of Biomechanica

1. Walking &
Running
2. Restraining
3. Pulling
4. Lifting
5. Pivoting
 Clinical Application
Traction
A-f ir-fx*! If !!*
ai>nM rr AM^04
Birth Position :
1. Lithotomy
2. Lateral
3. Squat
4. Half Sitting
5. Standing
6. Water Birth
Utkeloniy poaitiaa.
CHAPTER 2nd

THECMOPHrSIC
 Basic CBcncept
lEmpEratuPE
Heat Transfer for Theraphy
Clinical Applied
Temperature
Heat quantity of matter
Tool : Termometer
Calibrator : Freezing/Boiling
Scale : C / F / K
Heat Scale ConvertiCn
= 0 = E-|-0- = Z Z T 3 1 - =J1

^ ..........= Jo ..........= W
: ajdiiiex]
 Example :
 HEAT TRANSFER FOR THERAPHY

* Conduction Method
* Radiation Method
* Electromagnetic Method
Placinf a MM wattf UMito M
UM
Short Wave Diathermy
(SWD)
FrequEncy : 27 MHz
Micro Wave Diathermy
(MWD)
FrequEncy : 2450 MHz
Electrode's :
Theraphy Tachnic :
- Condensor - Induksi
Theraphy Methode with Cold Saurce
1. [aid pack
2. [eld Bath
3. [ryctharaphy

Clinical Appllied
Storage for : Blood, sperma, bone marrow, mEdicine

Product by : Freon (-4l0[), Nitrogen (-89,50[)

CHflPTfr 5rd

BICACCUSTICS
 Basic CBcncept
Sound
Ultrasonic Wave
Ultrasonic for clinical applied
 Sound
Medium : liquid, solid, gas
Sound source : vibration object
Ex :
1. String vibration (guitar, biola)
2. Air column vibration (flute)
3. Membrane vibration (drum)
Sound freauency :
1. Infrasonic wave (fraq < 20 Hz)
2. Sonic wave (freq 20 - 20.000 Hz)
3. Ultrasonic wave (freq > 20.000 Hz)
Ultrasonic for Clinical Applied

Product for ultrasonic :

1. Magnetic field ; Feromagnetic (Fe2O3)
2. Piezoelectric Crystal
Ultrasonic wave effect :
MEchanic : form fog EmultiDn
Heat : heat exchange
Chemistry : oksidasi process
Biologic : vasodilatasi
stimulate for cell activity
Lltrascnic for diaancstic
Example : USG, Doppler UltrasDnic
Ultrasonic for diagnostic
Example : USG, Doppler ultrasDnic
Basic scheme :
Object - tranducer - main unit - output
Output : visual / audio
 Ultrascnograph
Transducer : transvaginal, transabdamina!
Ultrascnograph
Parameter's :
1. Crown Range Length (CRL)
2. Head Circumference(HC)
3. Abdominal Circumference (AC)
4. Biparietal Diameter (BD)
5. Femur Length (FL)
USG Purpose (obsgyn):
Trisemester I :
1. Convincing pregnancy
2. Presume birth date
3. Detect fetus condition dan location
4. Detect twin fetus
5. Detect cyst
Trisemester II and III :
1. Appraising fEtal mambrane
2. DatarminE placenta condition
3. DetErminE fetus size
4. Control fetus condition
5. Detect fetus prosperity
Ultrasonic for theraphy
Ultrasonic for sterilization
TDDI : UitrasDnic Cleaner
Functian : For sterilization surgery instrumen set
ULTRASONIC CLEANER

TraispariMt cavtr fft^aflsvItekvIU

Blue Llgtil Iniieatioi

Sialiag BabBifMag J

ChnltlMfd .
TfiiMlKn Ptmrt

SOLID ST
CIRCUIT
CHflPTfr 4'"

BIOELECTRIC
 Basic CBcncept
Bioelectric physics law's
Applied for medical Equipment
Introduction ECG
Biolectric phisics laws
Ohm Law's :
V = I.R (V: VoitagE, I : Current, R:
Resistor)

Joule Law's :
H = (VIt)/J 1 J : 0.239 kal
H : Heat, t : time, J: Joule
APDlied fcr Medical Equipment

ECG

Electrocardiography
Electrocardiograph
Electrocardiogram
 Measuring field ECG :

1. Frontal
2. Transversal
Frontal Field
Transversal Field

Vl : IntErcosta! IV the right sternal line

V2 : intercostal IV the left sternal line
V2 : the middle V2 and V4
V4 : intercostal V the left midclavicula
V5 : rows V4 front axillia line
V6 :rows V5 middle axillia line
 lijeiitiliei Coloi code
Drctrodf)
ruro|>r Anunicjn .YnioiKAii

1
Ri;;;)tt <inu
iU\ U t\1ule
lelt,irm LR L\ Yellow BU'k
Utl 1(^ F u. Giwn M
Riglil leg \/RF RL BUk Green
Cl VI tVlute/Ked Brown/Red
C2 V2 IMiiW Yellow Blown/Yellow
O V3 Wliite/Gitcn Brown/Giwn
Chest
C4 VI *'- <
IVhite/Blown Piowft/^Blii
C3 tMiite/Bl.Kk e
C6 \'3
UliiWViolol Biown/Or.uig
V6
e
Cardiogram
ECG Paper

nDrizanta! ilne descript for time; 1 mm : 0.04 s, amm : 0,20 s

VErtical line descript for voltage; 1 mm : 0.1 mV, 10 mm : 1 mV
Calculate HR/BPM
Reguler ritme :
BPM : 300 / amount large box betwaan R to R' wave
BPM : 1500 / amount small box between R to R'
wave
Irreguler ritme:
1. Take ECG Strip (Caij
2. Calculate QRS wave during G second
3. Cross 10
Example (reguler ritme) :
I. For cardlDgram, amount little small box betweem R to R'
wave is 20, calculate BPM !
Answer:
BPM : 1500 / amount small box between R to R' wave
BPM : 1500 / 20 : 75 BPM
2. If heart rate is 150 BPM,
Calculate for amount large and small box, QRS wave
during 6 s !
Answer:
The other medical equipment
1. FE
2. EM
3. EE
4. ER
5. EO
Classification's of ECG :
1. From Display
a. ECG monitor
DEMO >

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o V3"
.
76
V5-JLAJLA__1/\^

b. ECG rEcordar
2. From Cardingram :
a. ECG I / 2 channEl

b. ECG 3 channel

c. ECG 6 channel

d. ECG I2 channel
Accesorries for ECG unit :
ECG Parameter's :
1. Start/Run/Print - Stop
2. Lead SalEctDr
3. Paper Speed (mm/s)
4. Sensitivity (mm/mV)
5. 1 mV test
6. Filter/Gain ; hum, mus,
line/freq
Cause of cardiogram error/tremor :
1. Patient : Patient conditinn and position
2. Unit : Electrode, patient cable, machine
3. Another factor : Location/room, voltage
CICCPTIC
 Basic Concept
Eye
Eye Deformity
Clinical Applied
9
 Eye
ThPEE component's for eye :
1. Eye focusing shadow at retina
2. Eye nerve system to give information to brain
3. Cortexs to analysis eyesight
1. Cornea : focussing
2. Pupil ; control ray intensity
3. Iris : control
9
hole (diafragma)
4. Cristalin lens : refraction ray
Human Eye............ (2)
5. Retina : as blind, shadow organized as riil,
flip
over, minor
6. Cilliary Muscle : control focus cristallin lens
7. Cheroid : black membrane as ray absorber
8. Optical nerve : junction eye nerve with brain
AccDmodation power of eye lens :
1. Near point (PP : Punctum
Proximum)
Value of normally PP : 25 cm

2. Far point (PR : Punctum Remotum)

Value of normally PR : ~
Deformity eye and tacking :
1. Miopi
- Cann't see far object
- PP < 25 cm, PR < ~
Tackling : negatif eyeglasses (concave lens)
2. PresblDpi
- Cann't see near object
- PP > 25 cm, PR > ~
Tackling : positive eyeglasses (curve lens)
3. Hipermetrofi
- When see far object, it cann't curve
- When see near object, it cann't flat
- PP > 25 cm, PR < ~
Tackling : bifocal eyeglasses (twin lens)
4. Astigmatisma
- CioudE vision, unabienEs retina to
focusing
- Tackling : Cylinder/toroidal eyeglasses
 Equipment for Biccptic
1. OpthaimoscDpe
2. -----------e
859

3.
I

KEratometBr
4. lonDmetar
5. LansomatBr
6. Pupliomatar
7. ElactroratinDgraph
8. ElactrDDkulDgraph
CHAPTER 6"d

RADIATION
RHySICS
 Basic Concept
X-Ray
Radiation Effect
Radiation Protection
Radiation
Equipment's
1 Rantgen : amount x-ray radiatinn to make innizatlDn in the air
X-Ray production : there are large different voltage in the empty
tube, electron bundle will be spray from katoda to anoda
X-Ray Characteristic :
1. Blanken film metal
2. Ionizing gasses
3. Penetrating zat
4. Floating fluorosensi
5. Damaging tissue
 Radiation Effect :
on system

n
342
I

Testis Diigospermia, steril

Ovarium : steril

2. Fetus
Pre implantasi & implantasi (week 0 - 2nd) ; fatality/death
Organogenesis (week 2nd -7th) ; malformasi organ
Fetus formation (week 8th-4Dth) ; retardasi mental
Lowfrequency IHEEMROySPECIRLM W frequency
PratBctlon Radiation :
1. REstrlctlan dose
2. ClassIficatlDn working area and radlaton worker
3. Inspection and measuring tool
4. Restraint radiation danger
a. Time work
b. Distance work
c. Radlaton safety
Radiation Equipments :
Diagnostic :
1. X-Ray unit
2. C-Arm
DEntal X-Ray Theraphy :
DO

4. Mamograph 1. Cobalt BD
5. CT-Scan Linac
3. BrachithEraphy
o
CHflPTfr

MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS
 Basic CBcncept
Classification
Maintenance
Sterilization
 Classificaiicn
1. Electronic Instrument
2. instrument from metal matter
3. Instrument from glasses matter

1
1 1 1
4. Instrument from rubber matter
 Maintenace

Eiectranlc Equipment
1. Avoid from shock
2. Avoid from dust
3. Avoid use high magnetic field tool
4. Room temperature 160C - 250C
5. Knowledge and skill
Maintenace (2)

Instrument from metal matter :

1. Storage high temperature (370C))
2. Dry area (can use silicon as water
absorber)
3. Free from dust
Maintenace (3)

Instrument from glasses matter :

1. Room storage 270C-370C (give liiumlnatlDn lamp > 25 W)
2. Room must use silicon
3. Cleaning waste glasses after use :
a. Use steril water
b. Use detergent
c. Use chemical solution : aquadest 75 ml, kalium dicromat
10 gr, sulfur acid, 25 ml
Maintenace (4)

Instrument from rubber matter :

1. After use wash with soap
2. Dry in the sun
3. Use powder to all rubber surface
 Sterilization
SterlilzatlDn Technic :
1. Radiation System
2. Steam System
3. Drying System
4. Boiling System
5. Chemistry Method (alcohol, formaline, anios,
steranios)