Comparison of Mixing Rules for a van der Waals Gas Mixture

Gas Phase PVT Properties for the Difluoromethane + Pentafluoroethane (R32 +

125) System : Predicting Pressure Utilizing van der Waals Equation of State and
Different Mixing Rules

Molecular Thermodynamics
ChE 531
Department of Chemical Engineering
University of Tennessee
Knoxville, TN

Submitted by:
Austin Newman
12/3/01
 Table of Contents
I. Introduction 1
II. Experimental Section 1
III. Results 3
IV. Discussion of Results 4
V. References 8
VI. Appendix A Raw Data 9
VII. Appendix B Figure 6. (0.5001 Difluoromethane Plots) 16
VIII. Appendix C Figure 7. (0.6977 Difluoromethane Plots) 19
 Austin Newman, CHE 531, University of Tennessee, Fall, 2001

Introduction

Many equations of state exist for modeling the behavior of fluids. Frequently, there is a
need to model the behavior of gas mixtures. While there is no specific equation of state to
model mixtures, there are several different approaches one may take. In this paper,
several different mixing rules are presented which are used to model a gas mixture. The
predicted properties from the equation of state and the mixing rules are compared to
actual experimental data with a hope of identifying the best mixing rule for a specific
fluid mixture.

Experimental Section

In order to attempt this experiment, actual PVT data for a gas mixture had to be obtained.
PVT data was obtained for a Difluoromethane + Pentafluoroethane system [1]. Data was
obtained for two different mixtures, one with 0.5001 mole fraction of Difluoromethane,
and another mixture with 0.6977 Difluoromethane. Five sets of constant volume data
were available for the 0.5001 mole fraction mixture and eight sets of data were available
for the 0.6977 mole fraction mixture. The raw data is included in the appendix of this
paper.

In order to model the behavior of the fluid properties, an appropriate equation of state
was selected. While any equation of state could have been utilized, many engineers and
scientists are familiar with the van der Waals equation of state, which is why it was
selected for this experiment. The van der Waals equation of state can be described as:

RT a
P= 2
V b V (1)
where a and b are constants which depend on the fluid, V is the molar volume, T is the
temperature, R is the ideal gas constant, and P is the pressure. The constants a and b may
sometimes be found in Chemical Engineering Reference Books. However, a and b are
related to the critical properties of all fluids by:
9V c RTc
a=
8 (2)

Vc
b=
3 (3)

where Vc is the critical volume of the fluid, Tc is the critical temperature and R is the
ideal gas constant.

As there was great difficulty in obtaining the van der Waal constants for each of these
fluids, the relationships in equations (2) and (3) were utilized to approximate the van der

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 Austin Newman, CHE 531, University of Tennessee, Fall, 2001

Waals constants. The critical properties of each of these fluids, along with the van der
Waals constants are presented in Table 1.

Table 1. Properties of Difluoromethane and Pentafluoroethane

Property Difluoromethane Pentafluoroethane
Tc (K) 351.6 339.41
Vc (cm3 / mol) 58.3 36.39
Pc (bar) 120.8 209.7
a (cm6 bar / mol2) 83.144 83.144
b (cm3 / mol) 3.9728E+06 6.6574E+06

The next step in the experiment was to select mixing rules. Five mixing rules were
compared in this experiment. The first mixing rule is described as:

a = x1 a1 + x 2 a 2 (4)
and
b = x1b1 + x 2 b2 (5)
where a is the van der Waals constant for the gas mixture, x1 is the mole fraction of
Difluoromethane, a1 is the van der Waals constant, a, for Difluoromethane, x2 is the
mole fraction of Pentafluoroethane, and b1 is the van der Waals constant, b, for
Pentafluoroethane. In each of the following mixing rules, the same convention is
followed for the symbols used in the equations.

Mixing rule 2 can be described as:

a = x1 a1 + x 2 a 2 (6)
and
b = b1b2 (7)

Mixing rule 3 is somewhat of a combination of mixing rules 1 and 2:

a = a1 a 2 (8)
and
b = x1b1 + x 2 b2 ( 9)

Mixing rule 4 can be shown as:

a = a1 a 2 (10)
and
b = b1b2 (11)

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 Austin Newman, CHE 531, University of Tennessee, Fall, 2001

Mixing rule 5, originally proposed by van der Waals is described as [3]:

a = x12 a1 + 2 x1 x 2 a1 a 2 + x 22 a 2 (12)
and
b = x1b1 + x 2 b2 (13)

Each of the mixing rules was utilized to model the behavior of the fluid mixture so the
best mixing rule could be selected for the system described herein. In order to utilize
the van der Waals equation, temperature and volume were the independent variables and
pressure was the dependent variable.

Results

The performance of each of the mixing rules was analyzed and plotted. A sample plot of
this data can be seen in Figure 1. Other figures are included in the Appendix of this
report.

The error of each of the mixing rules was calculated for each mixture at each volume.
The average error for the 0.5001 Difluoromethane mixture is presented in Figure 2.
whereas the average error for the 0.6977 Difluoromethane mixture is presented in Figure
3. Upon inspection of Figures 1 and 2 it can easily be seen that mixing rule 1 provided
the best model for the data for each of the compositions at each volume.

Figure 1. Experimental data and mixing rule behavior for a Difluoromethane /

Pentafluoroethane Mixture

Difluoromethane / Pentafluoroethane Mixture

(0.5001 Difluoromethane)

50
Pressure (bar)

45
P (actual)
40
P mix 1
35 P mix 2
30 P mix 3
V = 568 cm^3/mole
25 P mix 4
320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 P mix 5

Temperature (K)

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 Austin Newman, CHE 531, University of Tennessee, Fall, 2001

Figure 2. Percent Error of Mixing Rules for 0.5001 Difluoromethane Mixture

Error Comparison
(0.5001 Difluoromethane)

20.00%
P mix 1
Average Error

15.00% P mix 2
10.00% P mix 3
P mix 4
5.00% P mix 5

0.00%
400 900 1400 1900 2400 2900
Volume (cm^3 / mol)

Figure 3. Percent Error of Mixing Rules for 0.6977 Difluoromethane Mixture

Error Comparison
(0.6977 Difluoromethane)

20.00%
P mix 1
15.00%
Average Error

P mix 2
10.00% P mix 3
P mix 4
5.00% P mix 5

0.00%
350 2350 4350 6350 8350
Volume (cm^3 / mol)

Discussion of Results

From the data presented in the results, it is clearly evident mixing rule 1 was superior in
modeling the behavior of the mixture. However, in preparing the numerical
computations, several questions were raised. Even though the purpose of this experiment
was to determine the best mixing rule for a specific mixture of fluids, there are
experimental factors identified which may affect the results.

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 Austin Newman, CHE 531, University of Tennessee, Fall, 2001

In this experiment, the van der Waals equation of state was utilized to model the
behavior of the gas mixture. The model of the mixtures are dependent on how well the
van der Waals equation of state models each of the pure fluids. Each of the pure
component data points was compared to the van der Waal model of the data. The average
error of the Difluoromethane model was 4% whereas the average error of the
Pentafluoroethane model was 8%.

For this experiment it would have been desirable to obtain PT data obtained at constant
volume. However, the experimental apparatus used to collect the data did not lend the
opportunity to collect constant volume data. While the data collected is close to constant
volume, it is interesting to note the standard deviation of the volume measurements
(presented in Tables 2 and 3).

Table 2. Volume data for 0.5001 Difluoromethane mixture

Average Volume Standard Deviation
3
568 cm 0.5491 cm3
3
853 cm 1.0117 cm3
1282 cm3 1.6949 cm3
3
1927 cm 2.2441 cm3
2895 cm3 3.7944 cm3

Table 3. Volume data for 0.6977 Difluoromethane mixture

Average Volume Standard Deviation
496 cm3 0.4539 cm3
3
745 cm 0.7805 cm3
1120 cm3 1.3139 cm3
1683 cm3 2.0264 cm3
3
2530 cm 2.8615 cm3
3803 cm3 4.4906 cm3
3
5715 cm 6.9268 cm3
8590 cm3 10.7559 cm3

By inspection, of Tables 4 and 5, it can easily be observed that as the volume increased,
the standard deviation of the volume increased. While the effects of the volumetric
measurements on the model cannot be quantified, it is believed the deviations in the
volumetric measurements should be noted.

Upon inspection of each of the plots, there were two interesting phenomenon noted
across the board for all mixing rules. However, because Mixing Rule 1 incurred the least
amount of error, it was examined in detail. In figures 4 and 5 there are two trends in the

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 Austin Newman, CHE 531, University of Tennessee, Fall, 2001

data, which can be noted by inspection. As the temperature of the gas increases, the
percent error in the predicted pressure (compared to the experimental data) drastically
decreases. Another trend appearing in the data is the error in the predicted pressure
decreases as the volume increases. These two trends appear for all mixing rules which
were studied.

Figure 4. Error for Mixing Rule 1 for 0.5001 Difluoromethane

Mixing Rule 1 Error

(0.5001 Difluoromethane)

16%
14%
12% 568 cm^3 / mole
10% 853 cm^3 / mole
Error

8% 1282 cm^3 / mole

6% 1927 cm^3 / mole
4% 2895 cm^3 / mole
2%
0%
290 310 330 350 370 390
Temperature (K)

Figure 5. Error for Mixing Rule 1 for 0.6977 Difluoromethane

Mixing Rule 1 Error

(0.6977 Difluoromethane)

12%
10% 496 cm^3 / mole
8% 745 cm^3 / mole
Error

1120 cm^3 / mole

6%
1683 cm^3 / mole
4%
2530 cm^3 / mole
2% 3803 cm^3 / mole
0% 5715 cm^3 / mole
290 310 330 350 370 390 8590 cm^3 / mole
Temperature (K)

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 Austin Newman, CHE 531, University of Tennessee, Fall, 2001

Conclusions

Several mixing rules were tested utilizing the van der Waals equation of state for a
Difluoromethane / Pentafluoroethane mixture. Two sets of data were available for this
experiment, 0.5001 Difluoromethane mixture and a 0.6977 Difluoromethane mixture.
Clearly, mixing rule 1 was superior in predicting the pressure for each of the mixtures.
However, there was still an error associated with the predicted values of pressure
compared to the experimental values. This model may be useful depending on the needs
of the user. At temperatures above 350 K the error associated with this model was less
than 5%. As the temperatures increased the error dramatically decreased. If an error of
5% is acceptable, then this model will be sufficient. However, if the user requires greater
accuracy, other avenues must be explored.

While other mixing rules could be explored, it is believed another equation of state must
be utilized. In analyzing the van der Waals model for the pure gases there was a
significant error demonstrated between the predicted values of pressure and the
experimental values.

For this specific mixture, a virial type equation of state may be used [1]. Zhang, Sato, and
Watanabe were able to model this mixture to an accuracy of 0.3%. While this may work
for this mixture, engineers are continually searching for general equations that model a
broad range of systems accurately.

In the future, it would be interesting to repeat this experiment using a different gas
mixture, where each of the pure gases obey the van der Waals equation of state. This
would eliminate any error introduced by the equation of state. Hypothetically speaking,
one would only have to study the experimental error introduced because of:
1. Mixing rules
2. Error from experimental apparatus
After completion of the second experiment, one would have a better feel for the behavior
of the mixing rules.

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 Austin Newman, CHE 531, University of Tennessee, Fall, 2001

References

[1] Zhang, Sato, Watanabe, Gas Phase PVT Properties for the Difluoromethane +
Pentafluoroethane (R-32 + 125) System, J. Chem. Eng. Data 1996, 41. 1401-1408.

[2] Reid, Prausnitz, and Poling, The Properties of Gases and Liquids 4th Edition,
McGraw-Hill, 1987.

[3] J. M. Prausnitz, R. N. Lichtenthaler, E. Gomez de Azevedo, Molecular

Thermodynamics of Fluid-Phase Equilibria, 2. ed., Prentice-Hall, 1986.

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 Austin Newman, CHE 531, University of Tennessee, Fall, 2001

Appendix A

Raw Data
Difluoromethane
T(K) P(kPa) P (bar) rho mol/dm3
290 134.2 1.342 0.0567
290 199.9 1.999 0.0853
290 296.4 2.964 0.1282
290 436 4.36 0.1928
290 634.4 6.344 0.2899
290 909.6 9.096 0.4359
290 1263.9 12.639 0.6555
300 186.5 1.865 0.0765
300 277.1 2.771 0.115
300 409.6 4.096 0.1729
300 599.8 5.998 0.2599
300 866.5 8.665 0.3909
300 1225.3 12.253 0.5877
300 1675.7 16.757 0.8837
310 179.3 1.793 0.0709
310 267 2.67 0.1066
310 395.5 3.955 0.1603
310 581.6 5.816 0.2411
310 845.4 8.454 0.3625
310 1207.8 12.078 0.545
310 1679.2 16.792 0.8195
310 2235.9 22.359 1.2323
320 169.1 1.691 0.0646
320 252.3 2.523 0.0971
320 374.7 3.747 0.146
320 553 5.53 0.2196
320 808.3 8.083 0.3302
320 1164.7 11.647 0.4965
320 1642 16.42 0.7465
320 2236.9 22.369 1.1225
320 2887.3 28.873 1.6878
330 153.9 1.539 0.0568
330 229.8 2.298 0.0854
330 342.2 3.422 0.1284
330 506.8 5.068 0.1931
330 744.7 7.447 0.2903
330 1082.1 10.821 0.4366
330 1545.2 15.452 0.6565
330 2148.3 21.483 0.9871
330 2867.1 28.671 1.4842

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 Austin Newman, CHE 531, University of Tennessee, Fall, 2001

330 3590.3 35.903 2.2318

340 169.3 1.693 0.0606
340 252.9 2.529 0.0912
340 376.6 3.766 0.1371
340 558.1 5.581 0.2062
340 821.3 8.213 0.31
340 1194 11.94 0.4662
340 1706.5 17.065 0.701
340 2377.6 23.776 1.0541
340 3185 31.85 1.585
340 4022.2 40.222 2.3833
350 166.3 1.663 0.0578
350 248.7 2.487 0.0869
350 370.7 3.707 0.1307
350 550.2 5.502 0.1965
350 811.2 8.112 0.2955
350 1184 11.84 0.4444
350 1702.9 17.029 0.6682
350 2395.4 23.954 1.0047
350 3258.8 32.588 1.5108
350 4220.2 42.202 2.2716
360 431.7 4.317 0.1481
360 640.5 6.405 0.2228
360 943.6 9.436 0.335
360 1376 13.76 0.5037
360 1975.5 19.755 0.7573
360 2770.9 27.709 1.1388
360 3757.5 37.575 1.7123
360 4849.5 48.495 2.5747
360 5858.1 58.581 3.8713
360 6537.2 65.372 5.8211
370 150.9 1.509 0.0495
370 225.9 2.259 0.0744
370 337.6 3.376 0.1118
370 502.8 5.028 0.1682
370 745.2 7.452 0.2529
370 1096.4 10.964 0.3802
370 1595.5 15.955 0.5717
370 2285.1 22.851 0.8597
370 3196.3 31.963 1.2927
370 4319.3 43.193 1.9437

Pentafluoroethane
T(K) P(kPa) P (bar) rho mol/dm3
350 117.8 1.178 0.0409
340 116.1 1.161 0.0415
330 131.5 1.315 0.0486
320 129.1 1.291 0.0493
390 162.4 1.624 0.0505
310 146 1.46 0.0578

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 Austin Newman, CHE 531, University of Tennessee, Fall, 2001

380 181.4 1.814 0.0581

360 172.2 1.722 0.0583
350 176.3 1.763 0.0615
340 173.6 1.736 0.0624
300 154.4 1.544 0.0633
290 163.6 1.636 0.0698
330 196.3 1.963 0.0731
370 223.3 2.233 0.0738
320 192.6 1.926 0.0741
390 243 2.43 0.076
310 217.4 2.174 0.0869
380 271.1 2.711 0.0873
360 257.2 2.572 0.0877
350 263 2.63 0.0925
340 258.8 2.588 0.0939
300 229.3 2.293 0.0952
290 242.6 2.426 0.1049
330 291.9 2.919 0.1099
370 333.2 3.332 0.1109
320 286.2 2.862 0.1114
390 362.8 3.628 0.1143
310 322 3.22 0.1307
380 404.1 4.041 0.1313
360 382.8 3.828 0.1318
350 391 3.91 0.139
340 384.2 3.842 0.1412
300 338.4 3.384 0.1432
290 357.1 3.571 0.1578
330 431.8 4.318 0.1653
370 494.9 4.949 0.1668
320 422.8 4.228 0.1675
390 539.7 5.397 0.1719
310 473.3 4.733 0.1965
380 599.6 5.996 0.1975
360 566.8 5.668 0.1982
350 577.6 5.776 0.2091
340 566.5 5.665 0.2123
300 494.8 4.948 0.2154
290 519.8 5.198 0.2373
330 633.3 6.333 0.2485
370 730.8 7.308 0.2507
320 618.7 6.187 0.2519
390 798.5 7.985 0.2584
310 687.3 6.873 0.2954
380 883.8 8.838 0.2969
360 832.7 8.327 0.298
350 845.9 8.459 0.3144
340 827.2 8.272 0.3192
300 713.5 7.135 0.3238
290 743.2 7.432 0.3568

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 Austin Newman, CHE 531, University of Tennessee, Fall, 2001

330 917.5 9.175 0.3737

370 1069 10.69 0.377
320 892.7 8.927 0.3787
390 1172 11.72 0.3886
310 979.8 9.798 0.4442
380 1289.7 12.897 0.4465
360 1208.9 12.089 0.4482
350 1221.9 12.219 0.4727
340 1190.2 11.902 0.48
300 1005.3 10.053 0.487
290 1031.2 10.312 0.5364
330 1303 13.03 0.5619
370 1542.5 15.425 0.5669
320 1261.2 12.612 0.5695
390 1699.5 16.995 0.5843
310 1355.7 13.557 0.6679
380 1854.1 18.541 0.6714
360 1724.1 17.241 0.6739
350 1728.7 17.287 0.7108
340 1672.8 16.728 0.7217
300 1363.6 13.636 0.7322
330 1796 17.96 0.8449
370 2180.8 21.808 0.8525
320 1723.6 17.236 0.8563
390 2421.7 24.217 0.8785
310 1785 17.85 1.0043
380 2607.3 26.073 1.0095
360 2393 23.93 1.0133
350 2369.3 23.693 1.0688
340 2267.8 22.678 1.0852
330 2356.4 23.564 1.2704
370 2991 29.91 1.2818
390 3365.4 33.654 1.321
380 3553.1 35.531 1.5179
350 3096.6 30.966 1.6071
340 2908.3 29.083 1.6317
330 2859.9 28.599 1.9102

0.5001 Difluoromethane
T(K) P(kPa) P (bar) rho mol/dm3
300 363.5 3.635 0.1532
300 769.5 7.695 0.3461
300 1490.2 14.902 0.7818
310 377 3.77 0.1531
310 553.7 5.537 0.2302
310 803.2 8.032 0.3459
310 1142.3 11.423 0.5199
310 1580.4 15.804 0.7815
310 2079.9 20.799 1.1745
320 390.6 3.906 0.1531

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 Austin Newman, CHE 531, University of Tennessee, Fall, 2001

320 574.7 5.747 0.2301

320 835.9 8.359 0.3458
320 1196.8 11.968 0.5197
320 1667.5 16.675 0.7811
320 2227.2 22.272 1.174
330 403.8 4.038 0.153
330 595.3 5.953 0.2299
330 868.9 8.689 0.3456
330 1248.7 12.487 0.5194
330 1725.5 17.255 0.7807
330 2369.8 23.698 1.1734
330 3025.8 30.258 1.7636
340 417.2 4.172 0.1529
340 615.6 6.156 0.2298
340 900.2 9.002 0.3454
340 1299.9 12.999 0.5192
340 1835.4 18.354 0.7803
340 2506.9 25.069 1.1728
340 3258.5 32.585 1.7627
350 430.6 4.306 0.1528
350 635.7 6.357 0.2297
350 932.5 9.325 0.3453
350 1349.5 13.495 0.519
350 1917 19.17 0.78
350 2640.8 26.408 1.1723
350 3485.3 34.853 1.7619
360 443.8 4.438 0.1528
360 656.1 6.561 0.2296
360 964.3 9.643 0.3451
360 1400.2 14.002 0.5187
360 1997.3 19.973 0.7796
360 2774.1 27.741 1.717
360 3705.3 37.053 1.76
370 457 4.57 0.1527
370 676.6 6.766 0.2295
370 996.3 9.963 0.3449
370 1449.6 14.496 0.5184
370 2076.4 20.764 0.7792
370 2903.4 29.034 1.711
370 3918.9 39.189 1.7602
380 94 0.94 0.0299
380 140.9 1.409 0.045
380 211 2.11 0.0676
380 315.3 3.153 0.1015
380 469.7 4.697 0.1526
380 696.7 6.967 0.2294
380 1026.6 10.266 0.3448
380 1497.7 14.977 0.5182
380 2153.3 21.533 0.7788
380 3030 30.3 1.1706

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 Austin Newman, CHE 531, University of Tennessee, Fall, 2001

380 4131 41.31 1.7593

0.6977 Difluoromethane

T(K) P(kPa) P (bar) rho mol/dm3

310 290.7 2.907 0.1166
310 429 4.29 0.1753
310 628.5 6.285 0.2634
310 906.5 9.065 0.3959
310 1286.6 12.866 0.595
310 1763.8 17.638 0.8943
320 300.6 3.006 0.1166
320 444.5 4.445 0.1752
320 652.7 6.527 0.2633
320 946.7 9.467 0.3957
320 1348.2 13.482 0.5948
320 1864.9 18.649 0.8939
320 2463.7 24.637 1.3435
330 310.7 3.107 0.1165
330 460 4.6 0.1751
330 676.6 6.766 0.2632
330 984.5 9.845 0.3955
330 1408.7 14.087 0.5945
330 1963.1 19.631 0.8935
330 2631.8 26.318 1.3429
330 3311.8 33.118 2.0183
340 320.6 3.206 0.1164
340 475.3 4.753 0.175
340 699.5 6.995 0.263
340 1021.8 10.218 0.3954
340 1468.1 14.681 0.5942
340 2060.2 20.602 0.8931
340 2792.7 27.927 1.3423
340 3584.2 35.842 2.0174
350 330.5 3.305 0.1164
350 490.5 4.905 0.1749
350 723.9 7.239 0.2629
350 1057.7 10.577 0.3952
350 1526.4 15.264 0.5939
350 2154.9 21.549 0.8926
350 2949.5 29.495 1.3416
350 3851.5 38.515 2.0164
360 340.4 3.404 0.1163
360 505.6 5.056 0.1748
360 747.1 7.471 0.2628
360 1094.8 10.948 0.395
360 1581.3 15.813 0.5936

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 Austin Newman, CHE 531, University of Tennessee, Fall, 2001

360 2246.9 22.469 0.8922

360 3102.7 31.027 1.341
360 4108.3 41.083 2.0154
370 350 3.5 0.1163
370 520.6 5.206 0.1748
370 770.3 7.703 0.2627
370 1131.1 11.311 0.3948
370 1638.2 16.382 0.5933
370 2338.8 23.388 0.8918
370 3253 32.53 1.3403
370 4355.8 43.558 2.0144
380 161.2 1.612 0.0514
380 241.2 2.412 0.0773
380 360 3.6 0.1162
380 536 5.36 0.1747
380 793.8 7.938 0.2625
380 1167 11.67 0.3946
380 1697 16.97 0.593
380 2429 24.29 0.8913
380 3401.8 34.018 1.3396
380 4600.4 46.004 2.0134

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 Austin Newman, CHE 531, University of Tennessee, Fall, 2001

Appendix B
Figure 6. - 0.5001 Difluoromethane

Difluoromethane / Pentafluoroethane Mixture

(0.5001 Difluoromethane)

50
Pressure (bar)

45 P (actual)
40 P mix 1
35 P mix 2
30 P mix 3
V = 568 cm^3/mole
25 P mix 4
320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 P mix 5
Temperature (K)

Difluoromethane and Pentafluoroethane

(0.5001 Difluoromethane)

35
Pressure (bar)

P (actual)
30
P mix 1
25 P mix 2
V = 853 cm^3/mole P mix 3
20 P mix 4
300 320 340 360 380 P mix 5
Temperature (K)

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 Austin Newman, CHE 531, University of Tennessee, Fall, 2001

Difluoromethane and Pentafluoroethane

(0.5001 Difluoromethane)

24
Pressure (bar)

22
P (actual)
20
18 P mix 1
16 P mix 2
V = 1282 cm^3/mole
14 P mix 3
12 P mix 4
290 340 390 P mix 5
Temperature (K)

Difluoromethane and Pentafluoroethane

(0.5001 Difluoromethane)

16
Pressure (bar)

15
P (actual)
14
13 P mix 1
12 P mix 2
11 V = 1927 P mix 3
10 P mix 4
290 340 390 P mix 5
Temperature (K)

17
 Austin Newman, CHE 531, University of Tennessee, Fall, 2001

Difluoromethane and Pentafluoroethane

(0.5001 Difluoromethane)

16
Pressure (bar)

15
P (actual)
14
13 P mix 1
12 P mix 2
11 V = 1927 P mix 3
10 P mix 4
290 340 390 P mix 5
Temperature (K)

Difluoromethane and Pentafluoroethane

(0.5001 Difluoromethane)

11 P (actual)
Pressure (bar)

10 P mix 1
9 P mix 2
8 P mix 3
P mix 4
7
V = 2895 cm^3/mole P mix 5
6
290 340 390
Temperature (K)

18
 Austin Newman, CHE 531, University of Tennessee, Fall, 2001

Appendix C
Figure 7. - 0.6977 Difluoromethane

Difluoromethane and Pentafluoroethane

(0.6977 Difluoromethane)

55
Pressure (bar)

V = 496 cm^3/mole
50 P (actual)
45 P mix 1
40 P mix 2
35 P mix 3
30 P mix 4
320 340 360 380 P mix 5
Temperature (K)

Difluoromethane and Pentafluoroethane

(0.6977 Difluoromethane)

40
Pressure (bar)

35 P (actual)
30 P mix 1
P mix 2
25 V = 745 cm^3/mole P mix 3
20 P mix 4
310 330 350 370 390 P mix 5
Temperature (K)

19
 Austin Newman, CHE 531, University of Tennessee, Fall, 2001

Difluoromethane and Pentafluoroethane

(0.6977 Difluoromethane)

27
Pressure (bar)

25
P (actual)
23
21 P mix 1
19 P mix 2
V = 1120 cm^3/mole
17 P mix 3
15 P mix 4
300 350 400 P mix 5
Temperature (K)

Difluoromethane and Pentafluoroethane

(0.6977 Difluoromethane)

18 P (actual)
Pressure (bar)

17 P mix 1
16 P mix 2
15 P mix 3
14 P mix 4
V = 1683 cm^3/mole
13
P mix 5
12
290 340 390
Temperature (K)

20
 Austin Newman, CHE 531, University of Tennessee, Fall, 2001

Difluoromethane and Pentafluoroethane

(0.6977 Difluoromethane)

10
Pressure (bar)

9
8 P (actual)
P mix 1
7
P mix 2
6
V = 3803 cm^3/mole P mix 3
5 P mix 4
300 350 P mix 5
Temperature (K)

Difluoromethane and Pentafluoroethane

(0.6977 Difluoromethane)

6
Pressure (bar)

5.5 P (actual)
5 P mix 1
P mix 2
4.5 P mix 3
V = 5715 cm^3/mole
4 P mix 4
300 350 P mix 5
Temperature (K)

21
 Austin Newman, CHE 531, University of Tennessee, Fall, 2001

Difluoromethane and Pentafluoroethane

(0.6977 Difluoromethane)

5
Pressure (bar)

4 P (actual)
3 P mix 1
P mix 2
2 P mix 3
V = 8590 cm^3/mole
1 P mix 4
300 350 P mix 5
Temperature (K)

22
Austin Newman, CHE 531, University of Tennessee, Fall, 2001

23