Introduction to Nursing

Informatics
Objectives:
1. Demonstrate understanding of concepts of healthcare
informatics and nursing informatics.
2. Describe some of the forces inside and outside healthcare
that are driving a move toward a greater use of informatics,
with emphasis in the context of Oman.
3. Identify benefits of informatics for the nursing professions
4. Explain the need for all nurses to have basic skills in
informatics.
5. Analyze the effects of informatics on healthcare. Interpret the
need for nurses to be computer fluent and information literate
to todays healthcare environment
What is Informatics?
 The modern age has a false
sense of superiority because it
relies on the mass of knowledge
that it can use, but
what is important is the extent to
which knowledge is organized
and mastered.
Goethe, 1810
Terms
Medical Informatics
Healthcare Informatics
Nursing Informatics
Goal of Nursing Informatics
The goal of nursing informatics is to improve
the health of populations, communities,
families and individuals by optimizing
information management and
communication. This includes the use of
technology in the direct provision of care, in
establishing effective administrative systems
managing and delivering educational
experiences, supporting life-long learning and
supporting nursing research.
First Definition:
Nursing Informatics

The application of computer technology

to all fields of nursingnursing service,
nurse education, and nursing research.
(Scholes and Barber, 1980, p. 70)
Definition: Nursing Informatics

Nursing informatics is a combination of

nursing science, information science,
and computer science to manage and
process nursing data, information and
knowledge to facilitate the delivery of
health care.
(Graves & Corcoran, 1989)
Definition: Nursing Informatics
Nursing Informatics is a specialty that
integrates nursing science, computer science, and
information science to manage and communicate
data, information, and knowledge in nursing practice.
Nursing informatics facilitates the integration of data,
information and knowledge to support patients,
nurses and other providers in their decision-making
in all roles and settings. This support is accomplished
through the use of information structures and
information technology.
Definition: Medical Informatics
The scientific field that deals with
biomedical information, data and
knowledge-their storage, retrieval, and
optimal use for problem-solving and
decision-making.
(Shortliffe & Perreault, 2001)
The Metastructures, Concepts, and Tools
of Nursing and Nursing Informatics

Nursing Nursing Informatics

Nurses, patients, health, Nursing data, information, and

environment knowledge
Content of information Design, structure and presentation
of information as it impacts nurses
decision-making

Using information applications Optimizing information structures,

and technology applications and technology for use
in managing and communicating
data, information and knowledge
What Informatics is Not

Synonymous with computer technology

Facts
Recognized as a specialty for registered
nurses by the American Nurses
Association in 1992.
Computers cantbut Humans can

Perceive data and information

Abstract data and information
Make decisions that involve values and
risk preferences
Scope of Informatics
Data, information, knowledge and
wisdom
Communication and information
management
Types, capabilities, and limitations of
technology
Legal and ethical considerations of
information
Key Concepts
Data Technology
Information Hardware
Knowledge Software
Wisdom Electronic Standards
Knowledge Workers System Architecture
Decision Making Internet / WWW
Informatics Database
Competencies
Workflow
Data, Information and Knowledge
(Blum, 1986)

Data are discrete entities that are

described objectively without
interpretation,
Information is data that are interpreted,
organized, or structured, and
Knowledge is information that is
synthesized so that relationships are
identified and formalized
Wisdom
Wisdom is the appropriate use of data,
information and knowledge in making
decisions and implementing nursing
actions.
Knowledge Workers
Definition: Knowledge work is non-
repetitive, non-routine work consuming
considerable levels of cognitive activity
(Drucker, 1993).
Bring their knowledge, skills, judgment,
and time to the organization
Information Processed:
Quantity vs. Quality (Patel, 1997)

Relevant
Information
Information
Processed

Novice Intermediate Expert

Decision Making
Models
Information Processing
Decision Analysis
Skill Acquisition
Uncertainty
Biases
Decision Making
Process vs Outcome
Critical Thinking vs Decision Making
Workflow
Process Mapping
Low Level vs High Level Processes
Systems Architecture
Integrated
Distributed
Overarching Standards of Practice for the
Informatics Nurse Specialist

1. Incorporates theories, principles and concepts from

appropriate sciences into informatics practice such as
information, systems, and change theories;
implementation methods, organizational culture, and
database structures.
2. Integrates ergonomics and human-computer
interaction principles into informatics solution design,
selection, implementation and evaluation.
3. Systematically determines the social, legal, and
ethical impacts of an informatics solution within
nursing and health care.
Informatics Nurse Specialist
Standards of Practice

Standard I. Identify the Issue or Problem

Standard II. Identify Alternatives
Standard III. Choose and Develop a
Solution
Standard IV. Implement the Solution
Standard V. Evaluate and Adjust Solutions
Informatics Nurse Specialist
Standards of Professional Performance

Standard I. Quality of Nursing Informatics Practice

Standard II. Performance Appraisal
Standard III. Education
Standard IV. Collegiality
Standard V. Ethics
Standard VI. Collaboration
Standard VII. Research
Standards VIII. Resource Utilization
Standard IX. Communication
Informatics Competencies
Levels of Competency
Beginning Nurse
Experienced Nurse
Informatics Nurse Specialist
Informatics Innovator
Types
Computer Skills
Informatics Knowledge
Informatics Skills
Informatics Competencies:
Three Areas
Computer Literacy
a set of skills that allow individuals to use computer
technology to accomplish tasks.
Informatics Knowledge
a set of cognitive processes that allows the individual to
recognize what, when, and where information is needed and
to locate, evaluate, and use that information appropriately.
Informatics Skills
the technical ability to use tools and techniques to improve
information and knowledge access, integration, management
and use.
Beginning Nurse:
Informatics Competencies

Has basic computer skills

Uses applications
Uses sources of data
Uses technology for care delivery,
communication, and decision support
Respects and protects patients rights to
privacy and confidentiality of
information
Experienced Nurse:
Informatics Competencies
Understands the value of data and
information
Uses technology to trend and aggregate
individual and population-based patient
information for decision support and
communication
Evaluates quality of information sources
Advocates for technology solutions that
improve care delivery
Informatics Nurse Specialist:
Informatics Competencies
Uses advanced systems and tools to manage,
evaluate, integrate, and communicate data,
information and knowledge
Assesses current capabilities and limitations
of technology and their impact on users and
organizations
Manages IT projects across the systems life
cycle
Actively seeks to improve the information and
knowledge available for clinical decision-
making
Informatics Innovator:
Informatics Competencies

Conducts research related to nursing

informatics
Influences top-level decisions and policy
design which impact clinical information
management
Builds theoretical models of NI
Evaluates system level informatics
initiatives
Roles of the Informatics Nurse
Specialist

Project Management
Consultation
Education
Research
System Development
Decision Support/Outcomes Management
Policy Development
Entrepreneur
Information Needs and Tools for Practice

Sound Clinical Decision Making

Evidence Based Practice
Standardized Vocabularies
Clinical Information Systems
Electronic Patient Records:
Development Constraints

Need for standards in clinical

terminology
Concerns about data privacy,
confidentiality and security
Data entry challenges
Integration of records and other
information resources
Research Priorities

Technology development to support practice/ patient care

Data base issues
Patient use of information technologies
Using telecommunications technology for nursing practice
Putting technology into practice
Systems evaluation issues
Information needs of nurses and other clinicians
Nursing intervention innovations for professional practice
Professional practice issues
Assumptions to be Challenged
Organization of electronic systems
Desktop metaphor
EMR
Chronological structure
Set of processes to be supported by technology