DRUG GENERAL SPECIFIC ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING

ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
1.ASPIRIN Salicylate Inhibits the synthesis -pain -bleeding disorder such -allergic -Monitor vital signs
of -fever as hemophilia reactions(hives,difficulty -Administer with food
prostaglandins;blocks -inflammation -recent history of breathing,swelling in if GI upset is severe
the effects of -prevent heart stomach or intestinal face,lips,toungue,throat) -administer drug as
pyrogens at the attacks,stroke and bleeding -tinnitus indicated;check all
hypothalamus;inhibits chest pain -allergy to NSAID -confusion drugs being taken for
platelet aggregation (cardiovascular -child or teenager with -hallucinations possible salicylate
by blocking the conditions only under fever,flu or symptoms of -rapid breathing ingredients
thromboxane A2 the supervision of chicken pox -seizure -Monitor for severe
doctor) -severe nausea reactions
-vomiting -Arrange for
-stomach pain supportive careand
-blood or tarry stool comfort measures
-coughing of blood -Ensure that patient
-fever lasting for 3 days is well hydrated
-upset stomach during therapy
-drowsiness -Perform liver
-mild headache evaluation and
monitor bowel
sounds
-Monitor laboratory
tests
2.Furosemide Loop Diuretic Inhibits the Treatment of edema Allergy Dizziness Administer oral drug
reabsorption of associated with Electrolyte depletion Vertigo with food or milk
sodium and chloride HF,acute pulmonary Anuria Paresthesias Administer
from the distal renal edema,hypertension Hepatic coma Orthostatic hypotension intravenous diuretics
tubules and the loop SLE Rash slowly
of Henle,leading to a Glucose tolerance Urticarial Monitor I&O
sodium rich diuresis abnormalities or Nausea Administer oral form
diabetes mellitus Anorexia early in the day
Gout Vomiting Monitor patients
Glycosuria response to drug
Urinary bladder spasm Assess weight daily
Provide potassium
rich or low potassium
as appropriate to
maintain electrolyte
balance
3.Isosorbide Antianginal Relaxes vascular Treatment of acute Allergy Hypotension
dinitrate Agent(Nitrate) smooth muscle with a angina, prophylaxis of Severe anemia Headache
resultant decrease in angina, intravenous Head trauma or cerebral Dizziness
venous return and treatment of angina hemorrhage Tachycardia -Monitor vital signs
decrease in arterial unresponsive to beta Hepatic or renal Rash -Give sublingual dose
blood pressure, blockers or organic dysfunction Flushing under the toungue
reducing the left nitrates, perioperative Hypotension Nausea -Ask the patient if the
ventricular workload hypertension and Hypovolemia Vomiting tablet fizzlesor
and decreasing heart failure Conditions that limit Sweating burns which indicates
myocardial oxygen associated with acute cardiac output Chest pain potency.
consumption. MI; to produce -Instruct patient that
controlled sublingual dose may
hypertension during be repeated in 5
surgery. minutes if relief is not
felt.
-provide comfort
Reduction of risk of measures
recurrent transient
4.Clopidogrel Antiplatelet Inhibits platelet ischemic attacks or Allergy Bleeding Provide small
Agent aggregation by strokes in men with a Known bleeding disorder Headache frequent meals.
inhibiting platelet history of TIA due to Recent surgery Dizziness Provide comfort
synthesis of fibrin or platelet Closed head injuries Weakness measures.
thromboxane A2 emboli;reduction of Thrombocytopenia Nausea Monitor platelet
death or nonfatal MI GI distress count
in patients with a Skin rash Monitor vital signs
history of infarction or
unstable angina; MI
prophylaxis;also used
for its anti-
inflammatory ,
analgesic, antipyretic
effects.

Consider dosage
5.Enoxaparin Low molecular Antithrombotic With warfarin to treat Patients with active Thrombocytopenia
weight properties are due to acute DVT; prevention Bleeding adjustment for clients
major bleeding, GI
heparins its antifactor Xa and of ischemic bleeding, hemophilia, Anemia with low weight
antithrombin complications of heparin hypersensitivity, Fever (<45kg)
(antifactor IIa) in the unstable angina or heparin-induced Nausea
coagulation activities. non-Q-wave Dyspnea Give only by deep SC
thrombocytopenia (HIT),
An effective MI;prevention of thrombocytopenia Injection site while lying down
anticoagulation DVTin patients with associated with an hemorrhage Do not give IM
agent; used for severely restricted antiplatelet antibody in Hematuria
prophylactic mobility due to illness. the presence of Edema Continue treatment
treatment as an enoxaparin, bleeding Diarrhea until risk of DVT
antithrombotic agent disorders, idiopathic decreases
following certain thrombocytopenia
types of surgery. purpura (ITP), Do not mix with other
hypersensitivity to injections/infusions
enoxaparin; porcine Discard any unused
protein hypersensitivity,
neonates. solution
Assess for Heparin or
pork product
hypersensitivity
Document baseline
hematologic
parameters, liver
function, and
coagulation studies
Monitor VS and
assess for signs of
bleeding
Client may self-inject
if educated and if
follow-up on out-
patient basis is
needed
Alternate
administration
between the left and
right anterolateral
and posterolateral
abdominal wall
Do not rub injection
 site
May experience mild
discomfort, irritation,
hematoma at
injection site
Report unusual
bleeding, or
weakness
Avoid OTC agents
containing aspirin

-Encourage patient
6.Enalapril Angiotensin Blocks ACE from Treatment of Allergy Tachycardia to implement lifestyle
Converting converting hypertension, heart Impaired renal function MI changes(wt.
Enzyme angiotensin 1 to failure, diabetic Heart failure Rash loss,smoking
Inhibitor angiotensin 2 leading nephropathy and left Pruritus cessation,decrease
to decrease in BP, a ventricular Gastric irritation alcohol and salt
decrease in dysfunction after an Aphthous ulcers intake,increased
aldosterone MI Peptic ulcers exercise)
production and a Dysguesia -administer on empty
small increase in Proteinuria stomach
serum potassium Bone marrow -give parenteral form
levels along with suppression only if oral form is
sodium and fluid loss. Cough not feasible
-monitor pt. carefully
in any situation that
might lead to drop in
fluid volume
-provide comfort
 measures

Administer drug at
bedtime
Monitor serum
7.Rosuvastati Lipid lowering Inhibits HMG-CoA Adjunctive therapy for Allergy Headache cholesterol and LDL
n Agent(HMG- causing a decrease in reduction of increased Active liver disease Flatulence levels
CoA inhibitor) serum cholesterol cholesterol and LDL History of alcoholic liver Abdominal pain Arrange for periodic
levels,LDLs and levels,triglycerides;wit disease Cramps ophthalmic
triglycerides and an h diet to slow the Constipation examinations
increase in HDL levels progression of Rhabdomyolysis with Monitor liver
atherosclerosis acute renal failure function tests
;rasises HDL slightly Encourage pt to make
better than the other a lifestyle change as
statins and at a lower necessary
price Provide comfort
measures

Administer only as a
temporary measure
Arrange for
8.Lactulose Laxative (Bulk Increases motility of Short term treatment Allergy Diarrhea appropriate dietary
Stimulant) GI tract by increasing of constipation, Acute abdominal Abdominal cramps measure
the fluid in the alternative treatment disorders Bloating Admin oral form with
intestinal contents for patients with Heart block Perianal irritation a full glass of water
which enlarges cardiovascular Hx of seizures Dizziness Do not administer in
 bulk,stimulates local disorders presence of
stretch receptors and abdominal
activates local activity pain,nausea,vomiting
Monitor bowel
function
Provide comfort and
safety measures

Dizziness and tinnitus

9. Eperisone Antispasmodic acts by relaxing associated with allergy Nausea
both skeletal cerebrovascular Vomiting
muscles and vascular disorder or cervical Diarrhea Monitor vital signs
smooth muscles, and spondylosis Skin rash Patient should be
demonstrates a Anorexia cautioned against
variety of effects such Abdominal pain engaging in
as reduction Stomachache potentially hazardous
of myotonia, Vertigo activities requiring
improvement Drowsiness alertness such as
of circulation, and driving,operating a
suppression of the machinering
pain reflex. The drug Provide comfort
inhibits the vicious measure
circle of myotonia by
decreasing
pain, ischaemia,
and hypertonia in
skeletal muscles, thus
alleviating stiffness
 and spasticity, and
facilitating muscle
movement

Coronary
vasodilator

10.Trimetazidi Trimetazidine Vertigo Nausea

ne prevents a decrease Angina pectoris Visual disturbances Vomiting
in intracellular Adjuvant Parkinson disease, Skin rash
ATP levels, thereby symptomatic parkinsonian symptoms, Hives
ensuring the proper treatment for vertigo tremors, restless leg Palpitations Monitor BP and PR
functioning of ionic and tinnitus (noises syndrome or other Headache Administer drug with
related movement
pumps and detected by the ear Liver dysfunction full glass of water and
disorders, nor to
transmembranous whistling, buzzing, patients with severe Decreased WBC and if eaten
sodium-potassium which do not renal impairment platelets Provide comfort and
flow whilst correspond to any Tinnitus safety measures
maintaining cellular exterior sounds). Encourage patient
Homeostasis.. It also lifestyle changes
inhibits oxidation of Adjuvant
fatty acid in blood treatment of visual
vessels. disorders of a
Trimetazidine inhibits circulatory origin.
beta oxidation of
fatty acids by blocking
long-chain 3-ketoacyl-
CoA Thiolase. As a
result glucose
oxidation is enhanced
Nonselective
adrenergic
blocking agent
11.Carvedilol Competitively blocks Allergy Dizziness
alpha- and beta- Heart block Vertigo
receptor sites in the Bradycardia Fatigue
SNS, leading to a Shock Gastric pain
lower blood pressure Hypertension,alone or Heart failure Flatulence Do not discontinue
without reflex in combination with Diabetes Impotence abruptlyafter chronic
tachycardia and other drugs;off label Patients with Bronchospasm therapy
decreased renin uses-control of blood bronchospasm Dyspnea Encourage patient to
levels pressure in Cough adopt lifestyle
pheochromocytoma,cl Decrease exercise changes
onidine-withdrawal tolerance Assess heart rate
hypertension Institute safety
precautions
Electrolyte Monitor GI function
and increased access
to bathroom facilities
Monitor for any sign
of liver failure
12. sodium Sodium chloride is the asthma; difficult breathing;
chloride chemical name for swelling of face, lips,
salt. Sodium is an heart disease or high tongue, or throat.
electrolyte that blood pressure; chest pain, trouble
regulates the amount Preventing or treating breathing; Before patients uses
of water in your body. sodium loss due to epilepsy; a light-headed feeling, sodium chloride, tell
Sodium also plays a excessive sweating or like you might pass out; patients doctor about
part in nerve impulses dehydration. It may kidney or liver disease; swelling in your hands all patients medical
and muscle also be used for other or feet; conditions and
contractions. conditions as migraine headaches; tiredness, muscle allergies.
determined by your twitching;
doctor. any type of edema confusion, uneven heart Tell your doctor
(swelling); rate, extreme thirst, about all other
Sodium chloride is an increased or decreased medications you use,
electrolyte if you have recently had urination, leg especially potassium
supplement. It works surgery; or discomfort, muscle supplements,
by supplying a source weakness or limp diuretics, steroids,
of sodium for the if you are on a low-salt feeling. blood pressure
body. diet. medications, or
medications that
contain sodium (such
as Alka-Seltzer or
Zegrid).
Tell your caregiver
right away if you have
chest pain, trouble
breathing, swelling in
your hands or feet,
tiredness, muscle
twitching, confusion,
uneven heart rate,
extreme thirst,
increased or
decreased urination,
leg discomfort,
muscle weakness or
limp feeling, or if you
feel like you might
pass out.
Call your doctor if
your symptoms do
not improve, or if
they get worse while
using sodium
chloride.

Call your doctor or

tell your caregivers if
your catheter,
needle, or IV tubing
becomes blocked or if
 the flush or IV
medicine is not
flowing normally.

Stop using sodium

chloride flush and call
your doctor at once if
you have severe
irritation, swelling,
warmth, redness,
oozing, or pain
around your catheter
while using the flush.

Acetamenoph
en

13.Paracetam Inhibits synthesis of Allergy Hepatic failure

ol prostaglandin that Hepatic disease Hepatotoxicity
may serve as Renal failure Renal failure
mediators of pain and Nausea
fever primarily in the Mild pain Vomiting -Advise patients or
CNS. Fever Diarrhea caregivers to check
Abdominal pain concentration for
Neutropenia liquid preparations
Pancytopenia Advise patient to
Leukopenia increase fluid intake
 Rash Provide comfort
Urticarial measure
Monitor vital signs
Assess allergic
reaction
assess patients fever
or pain
Teach patient to
recognize chronic
overdose
Tell patient to notify
doctor for fever
lasting for more than
3 days

Analgesics
(Non-Opioid) &
Antipyretics / An
algesics Postural hypotension,
14.Tramadol+ (Opioid) Inhibits synthesis of resp depression,
Paracetamol prostaglandin that Acute intoxication w/ hepatotoxicity, Stevens-
may serve as alcohol, hypnotics, Johnson syndrome, toxic
mediators of pain and centrally-acting epidermal necrolysis,
fever primarily in the Moderate to severe analgesics, opioids, or bradycardia, collapse,
CNS. pain psychotropic drugs; allergic reactions w/
uncontrolled epilepsy. resp symptoms (e.g.
Severe hepatic dyspnoea,
impairment. Concurrent bronchospasm, -Advise patients or
use or w/in 2 wk of wheezing, angioneurotic caregivers to check
discontinuation from oedema), changes in concentration for
MAOIs. appetite, motor liquid preparations
weakness, changes in Advise patient to
mood, activity, cognitive increase fluid intake
Provide comfort
 and sensorial capacity; measure
exacerbation of asthma, Monitor vital signs
withdrawal symptoms Assess allergic
(e.g. agitation, anxiety), reaction
skin rash, blood assess patients fever
dyscrasias, or pain
hypoprothrombinemia. Teach patient to
recognize chronic
overdose
Tell patient to notify
doctor for fever
lasting for more than
Antidiabetic(P 3 days
ancreatic
hormone)
15.Refular Hypoglycemia Blurred vision
Insulin Increases glucose Allergy Dry mouth
transport across Moderate to severe Rash
muscle and fat cell diabetic ketoacidosis Urticaria
membeanes to or hyperosmolar Pruritus
reduce the glucose to hyperglyemia Swelling
glycogens Redness
Dystrophy Make sure pt knows
that drug relieves
symptoms but does
not cure the disease
Instruct pt about
disease and following
therapeutic regimen
Stress that accuracy
of measurement is
important
Teach ot that glucose
level and urine ketine
tests provide
essential guides to
dosage and success
of therapy
Instruct pt on proper
use of equipment for
monitoring glucose
level
Advise pt not to
smoke within 30
minutes after insulin
injection
Avoid alcohol abuse