Basic Integration Formulas

Z Z Z Z
n xn+1
1. [f(x) g(x)] dx = f(x) dx g(x) dx 2. x dx = + C, n 6= 1
n+1
Z Z
dx
3. = ln |x| + C 4. ex dx = ex + C
x
Z Z
5. sin x dx = cos x + C 6. cos x dx = sin x + C

Z Z
7. tan x dx = ln |sec x| + C 8. cot x dx = ln |csc x| + C

Z Z
9. sec x dx = ln |sec x + tan x| + C 10. csc x dx = ln |csc x + cot x| + C

Z Z
2
11. sec x dx = tan x + C 12. csc2 x dx = cot x + C

Z Z
13. sec x tan x dx = sec x + C 14. csc x cot x dx = csc x + C

Z Z
dx x dx 1 x
15. = arcsin +C 16. = arctan +C
a2 x2 a a2 + x2 a a

F UNDAMENTAL T HEOREM OF C ALCULUS

Zb
F 0 (x) dx = F(b) F(a)
a

I NTEGRATION BY PARTS Z Z
u dv = uv v du

T RIGONOMETRIC S UBSTITUTION (a > 0)

a2 x2 requires x = a sin . Then a2 x2 = a cos , where /2 6 6 /2.

a2 + x2 requires x = a tan . Then a2 + x2 = a sec , where /2 < < /2.

x2 a2 requires x = a sec . Then x2 a2 = a tan .

If x > a, use x2 a2 = +a tan , where 0 6 < /2.

If x < a, use x2 a2 = a tan , where /2 < 6 .

Gilles Cazelais. Typeset with LATEX on May 26, 2006.