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tJ n;'imn ...................................
oQI

4fB nl. (15 fl~bb'W'W)

A shell-and-tube heat exchanger with 2-shell passes and 8-tube passes is
used to heat ethyl alcohol (cP = 2670 J/kg.K) in the tube from 25 QC to 70
QC at a rate of 2.1 kg/s. The heating is to be done by water (cP = 4190
J/kg.K) that enters the shell side at 95 QC and leaves at 45 QC. If the overall
2
heat transfer coefficient is 950 W/m .K, determine the heat transfer surface
area of the heat exchanger.
i \Vater

70C -c4:':._~ccc 2J
A!;~~I -<c~;-;;;'_~
:?~1-kg/s U (S tube pas~;)
+
45<c

({>)Two-shell passes and 4, 8, 12. etc. (any multiple of 4). tube passes

219
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1rn 0 ~
.................................. .

..UeJ n2. (20 fl~bb'W'W)

Water (cP = 4180 J/kg.K) is to be heated by solar heated hot air (cP = 1010
J/kg.K) in a double-pipe counter flow heat exchanger. Air enters the heat
exchanger at 90 QC at a rate of 0.3 kg/'.i, while water enters at 22 QC at a rate
of 0.1 kg/s. The overall heat transfer coefficient based on the inner side of
2
the tube is given to be 80 W/m .K. The length of the tube is 12 m and the
inner diameter of the tube is 1.2 cm. Determine (a) the outlet temperature
of the water and (b) the outlet temperature of the air.
C . . V'.A 5 l- exp[-.;\'TU(l-c)J
c =_mm_ .Nn1 = - -
C C
_
=---
1-c~~xp[-NTlJ(l-c)]
Given: Ula. nun

3/9
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<ije:i "lll. (15 fl~bb'U'U)

Air is to be heated by passing it over a bank of 3-m-long tubes inside which
water is heated at 70C. Air approaches the tube bank in the normal
direction at 20C and 1 atm with a mean velocity of 5.2 mis. The outer
diameter of the tubes is 1.6 cm, and the tubes are arranged in-line with
longitudinal and transverse pitches of SL = ST = 6 cm. There are 20 rows in
the flow direction with 10 tubes in each row. Determine heat transfer
coefficient of the tubes.
TAJl "1:..2
Nusselt number correlations for cross flow over tube ba: 11,s for N > 16 and
0 7 < Pr < 500 (from Zukauc.kas 1987)* - -
Arrangement Range of Ren Correlation
0--100 Nu 0 = 0.9 Re2"Pr0.36(Pr/Prs>o.25

In-line
100-1000 I Nu 0 = 0.52 Ref'Pr0 3 6(Pr/Pr,)025
1000-2 x 10 5 ! Nu 0 = 0.27 Re(;.13pr0 31'(Pr/Pr,)025
2 x 10 5-2 x 106 ! Nu 0 = 0.033 Reil 8 Pr 04 (Pr/Pr,) 0 .2s
0-500 ! Nu 0 = 1.04 Rei;Pr 0 3 6 (Pr/Pr,)025
500-1000 ' Nu 0 = 0.71 Re pPr036(Pr/Pr ,)025
Staggered
I
1000-2 x 105 Nuo = 0.35( Sr!SL)O 2 Re86Pr 0 3 6(Pr/Pr,) 0 25
2 x 105-2 x 106 ) Nu 0 = 0.03l(Sr1S1.Jl; Regepyo.36(Pr/Pr,) 0 25
*All properties except Pr, are to be evaluated at the arithmetic mean of the inlet and outlet temperatures
o! the fluid (Pr, is to be evaluated at T,J.

Correction factor Fto be used 1n Nu;,.,,"' f'NuD for N 1 16 ancl Re,,: 1000
(from Zukauskas, l 987)
NL 1 2 3 4 5 7 10 13
- -----
In-line 0.70 0.80 0.86 0.90 0.93 ).96 0.98 0.99
-
Staggered 0.64 0.76 084 0.89 0.93 ).96 0.98 0.99

4/9
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TABLE A-15
Progerties of air at 1 atm gressure
Sper1f1c Tf1i?rmal Thennal D_ynarnic Kinematic Prandtl
Temp. Density He1t Concudivi1y D1fius1v1ty Viscosity Viscosity Number
T, 'C !' kl:'.m' c,,, Jik, . K k, VJ/rn K 1r, rn:::/s:.: I! k~m s
7
'" m 1s Pr

--150 2.866 983 O.C1171 4.158 x 10 6 8.636 x 10 (> 3.013 x 10 6 0.7246

--100 2.038 966 0.01582 8.036 X 10 " l.189x10-s 5.837 x 10 6 0.7263
-50 1.582 999 0.ol979 1.252 x 10 5 1.474 x 10 5 9.319 x 10 6 0.7440
-40 1.514 1002 0.02057 1.356 x 10 5 1.527 x 10 5 1.008 x 10 5 0.7436
-30 1.451 1004 0.02134 1.465 X 10- 5 1.579 x 10 -5 1.087 x 10 5 0.7425
-20 1.394 1005 0.02211 1.578 x 10 -5 1.630 x 10 5 1.169 x 10 5 0.7408
-10 1.341 10C6 0.02288 1.696 x 10 5 1.680 x 10 -5 1.252 x 10 5 0.7387
0 1.292 1006 0.02364 1.818 x 10 5 1.729 x lo 5 1.338 x 10 'l 0.7362
5 1.269 1006 0.02401 1.880 x 10 5 1.754 x lo-i 1.382 x lo'.\ 0.7350
10 1.246 1006 0.02439 1.944 >~ 1o- " 1.778 x 10 -5 1.426 x 10 5 0.7336
15 1.225 1007 0.02476 2.009 X 10- 5 1.802 x 10 5 1.470 x 10 5 0.7323
20 1.204 1007 0.02514 2.074 x 10 ~\ 1.825 X 10- 5 1.516 x 10 5 0.7309
25 1.184 1007 0.02551 2.141 x 10- 5 1.849 )( 10- 5 1.562 x 10 5 0.7296
30 1.164 1007 0.02588 2.208 x 10 j 1.872 x 10 .;; 1.608 x 10 5 0.7282
35 1.145 1007 0.02625 2.277 x 10 5 1.895 x 10 5 1.655 x 10 5 0.7268
40 1.127 1007 0.02662 2.346 x 10 5 1.918 x lo- 5 1.702 x 10 5 0.7255
45 1.109 1007 0.02699 2.416 x 10 ' 1.941 x 10 -5 1.750 x 10 5 0.7241
50 1.092 1007 0.02735 2.487 X 10 -c 1.963 x 10 5 1.798 x 10 5 0.7228
60 1.059 1007 0.02808 2.632 x 10 5 2.008 x io 5 1.896 x 10 5 0.7202
70 1.028 1007 0.02881 2.780 x 10 5 2.052 x 10 5 1.995 x 10 5 0.7177
80 0.9994 1008 0.02953 2.931 x 10 5 2.096 x 10 5 2.097 x 10 0 0.7154
90 0.9718 1008 0.03024 3.086 x 10 5 2.139 x 10 5 2.201 x 10 ;; 0.7132
100 0.9458 1009 0.03095 3.243 x 10 5 2.181x10- 5 2.306 x 10 5 0.7111
120 0.8977 1011 0.03235 3.565 x 10 5 2.264 x 10- 5 2.522 x 10- 5 0.7073
140 0.8542 1013 0.03374 3.898 x 10 5 2.345 x 10 5 2.745 x 10 5 0.7041
160 0.8148 1016 0.03511 4.241 x 10 5 2.420 x 10 5 2.975 x 10 5 0.7014
180 0.7788 1019 0.03645 4.593 x io- 5 2.504 x 10- 5 3.212 x io-- 5 0.6992
200 0.7459 1023 0.03779 4.954 x io- 5 2.577 x 10- 5 3.455 x io- 5 0.6974
250 0.6746 1033 0.04104 5.890 x 10 5 2.760 x 10 5 4.091 x 10 5 0.6946
300 0.6158 1044 0.04418 6.871 x 10 -5 2.934 x 10 5 4.765 x 10 5 0.6935
350 0.5664 10e.5 0.04721 7.892Xl05 3.101 x 10 5 5.475 x 10- 5 0.6937
400 0.5243 1069 0.05015 8.951 x 10 5 3.261 x 10 -5 6.219 x 10 5 0.6948
450 0.4880 1081 0.05298 1.004 x 10 4 3.415 x 10 5 6.997 x 10 5 0.6965
500 0.4565 1093 0.05572 l.117Xl0 4 3.563 x 10-s 7.806 x 10 ;; 0.6986
600 0.4042 1115 0.06093 1.352 x 10 4 3.846 X 10- 5 9.515 x IO 5 0.7037
700 0.3627 110:5 0.06581 1.598 x 10 4 4.111 x 10 S 1.133 x 10 4 0.7092
800 0.3289 11E3 0.07037 1.855 x 10 4 4.362 x 10 5 1.326 x 10 4 0.7149
900 0.3008 1169 0.07465 2.122 X 10 I 4.600 x 10 5 1.529 x 10 4 0.7206
1000 0.2772 1184 0.07868 2.398 x 10 4 4.826 x 10-s 1.741 x 10 4 0.7260
1500 0.1990 1234 0.09599 3.908 x 10 4 5.817 x 10 5 2.922 x 10 0.7478
2000 0.1553 1264 0.11113 5.664 x 10 4 6.630 x 10 5 4.270 x 10 4 0.7539

Note: For ideal gases, the properties c.,, k, p., and Pr <ire independent ul pressure. The propert1e5 p, v, and" at a pressure P(in atrn) other than 1 atm are
determined by multiplying the values of pat th= given temperature by o and by dividing v and" by P.
Source: Data generated from Hie EES software developed by S. A. Klei11 .md F. l. Alvarado. Original sources: Keenan, Chao, Keyes, Gas Tables, Wiley, 198:
and Thermophysical Properties of Matter. Vol. 3: Thermal Conductivity. 'i. S. Touloukian, P. E Liley, S. C. Saxena, Vol. 1L Viscosity, Y. S. Toulouk1an, S C.
Saxena. and P Hestermans, JFl/Plenun. NY. 1970, ISBN 0-3060670208.

519
~ tJ QQI
'lfU ............................................ 'WllJftl"Jfl ......................................... 'ttlJWHl'1J ':i::;~Wn. ................................. .

ollei "U2. (20 fl~bb'Ll'L!)

Hot air at atmospheric pressure and 60C enters a 12-m-long uninsulated
square duct of cross section 20 cm x 20 cm that passes through the attic
3
of a house at a rate of 0.15 m /s. The duct surface temperature is observed
to be nearly isothermal at 10C. Determine the exit temperature of the air
and the rate of heat loss from the duct to the attic space.

Uotwr Air du<:1

6f1>C 20~m x 20cm

619
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OQJ

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'U

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1 tn

i
+- lH
3

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1 rn
~L_ 'Q>\'.
r---4 Bl J
(a) (b)

OA

\U

!U

., 4 '.'> 6 x 10

7/9
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- -

819
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0 Q.I

~eJ fl2. (20 m:m.iu)

b~1 eJ'U bb cM\JlU ~\J'Vll \J f1'j~'IJeJ n (sem i-cylind rica l duct) 11\J1'wu,'LI1'LleJ'LI~1:1J'jU
~ ~

~1\Jci1\J i161J'LI1 ~ b~'Ll~1'LI1'11'LI ~ n~ 1\J bvi1 nu 5 b:IJ~ 'j ~l'LI~ bU'LI~1'LI n1Vl'LI~1cMb U'LI
~ ~

Q.J '
c:ifi./ i./tj ..:::\ '
tj I Q.J .c:ill I Q.J

1?1~'Vl~eJ\Jf11leJ'UbbVl\JiJeJruVl.niJA\J'Vlb'Vl'Hl'IJ
~ ~ ~
300 K bb~~iiri1 emissivity b'Vl1f1'U
o.s 1u61Jru~~~1u~bllu1~;u (dome) i1eiruV1.niJri\J~bvl1nu
~ ~
1,000 K bb~~i1ri1
I Q.J 0 Q.J i.J I iCR' I

em1ss1v1ty b'Vl1 nu 0. 9 ~\J A1 'Lll f:UVl1B ~ 'j1 f11 'jeJ'LJ bb Vl\J~ eJVl'LI\JVl'Lll t.JA11:1J t.J11
2.1
6IJ el\J b~1 el'U bb Vl\J

T2 = 1000 K
e 2 = 0.8

b~1e:JULLi\11U~\l'Yl1\lff~::ue:in
'IJ
(semi-cylindrical duct)
""'.,. 0
'HH11

919