MATEMTICAS TIMONMATE

EJERCICIOS RESUELTOS DE LOGARITMOS Juan Jess Pascual

LOGARITMOS

A. Introduccin Teora
A.1. Definicin de logaritmo.

A.2. Logaritmos naturales.

A.3. Cambio de base.

A.4. Propiedades.

B. Ejercicios resueltos

B.1. Dado un logaritmo, hallar su valor.

B.2. Dada una expresin logartmica, hallar su valor.

B.3. Hallar el trmino desconocido.

B.4. Desarrollar expresiones logartmicas

B.5. Escribir como un solo logaritmo.

A. INTRODUCCIN TERICA

A.1 Definicin de logaritmo:

Sea x un nmero. El logaritmo de ese nmero es el exponente al que hay

que elevar cierta base b para obtener x:

y
x = b y = log x
b

Ejemplo:

El logaritmo de 16 en base 2 es el exponente al que hay que elevar la

base 2 para obtener 16, es decir, cuatro:

y
log 2 16 = 4 , ya que 16 = 2 y = log 2 16 = 4

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A.2 Logaritmos naturales:

Los logaritmos que tienen como base al nmero e, son llamados
logaritmos naturales. Se simbolizan con la abreviatura ln.
ln x = log e x

A.3 Cambio de base en los logaritmos:

Si queremos expresar log a x mediante log b x slo tenemos que tener en
cuenta que:
log a M
log b M =
log a b

A.4 Propiedades:

I. log a MN = log a M + log a N IV. log a 1 = 0

II. log a M p = p log a M V. log a a = 1

M VI. a log a b = b
III. log a = log a M log a N
N

B. EJERCICOS RESUELTOS

B.1. Dado un logaritmo, halla su valor:

1. log 2 64 = log 2 2 6 = 6 log 2 2 = 6 1 = 6

1
1 1 1
2. log 2 2 = log 2 2 2 = log 2 2 = 1 =
2 2 2
1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
3. log 1 2 = log 1 2 2 = log 1 2 = log 1 = (1) log 1 =
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2
1 4 1
4 4 1
4. log 1 5 81 = log 1 5 3 4 = log 1 ( 3 4 )5 = log 1 3 5 = log 1 3 = log 1 =
3 3 3 3 5 3 5 3 3

4 1 4 4
= (1) log 1 = 1 =
5
3 3 5 5

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TIMONMATE Logaritmos resueltos

2
5. log 10 (5 log 10 100) = 2 log 10 ( 5 log 10 100) = 2 log 10 ( 5 log 10 10 2 ) =
= 2 log 10 (5 2 log 10 10) = 2 log 10 10 = 2

10
1 1
6. log 32 = log 1 2 = log 1 2 2 = 10 log 1 2 2 = 10
5

22 22
2
22

82

1 3
+1
8 3 5 3
7. log 9 3 5 27 = log 1 3 (3 )
3 5
= log 1 3 5
= log 3 3 = log 3 3 2 =
5
3
33 2 32
+1
32 32
16 3 16
= log 3 3 2 =
15 32 15

B.2. Dada una expresin logartmica, hallar su valor.

1
1
8. log 2 5 2 + log 2 8 + log 2 = log 2 2 5 + log 2 2 3 + log 2 22 =
4
1 1 6
= log 2 2 + 3 log 2 2 2 log 2 2 = + 3 2 =
5 5 5

1
1
9. ln 1 + ln e + ln e 3 + ln 3 e + ln = = 0 + 1 + 3 ln e + ln e 3 + ln e1 =
e

1
10. log 810 + log 0, 03 + log 5 , si log 3 0,477
9
1
1 3
log 810 + log 0, 03 + log 5 = log (3 4 10) + log + log (32 )5 =
9 100
2 2
= 4 log 3 + log 10 + log 3 log 10 2 log 3 = 4 log 3 + 1 + log 3 2 log 3 =
5 5
23
= log 3 1 = 2, 1942 1 = 1, 1942
5

0, 25 1, 6
11. log 5 0, 04 + log 3 + log , si log 2 0,301
8 5
0, 25 1, 6
log 5 0, 04 + log 3 + log =
8 5
1 1
2 3 4 2
1 5 2
2 2 5
= log + log 1003
+ log 10 =
100 2 5

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5 2 2 4

1 2 1 2
1
= log + log 3 + log 10 =
100
5 100 3 2 2 5


1 1 52 1 24
= (log 2 2 log 10 2 ) + log log 2 3 + log log 5 =
5 3 100 2

10

1 1 10 1 10
= (2 log 2 2 log 10) + 2 log 2 log 10 3 log 2 + 4 log 2 log 10 log =
5 3 2 2 2
1 1 1
= (2 log 2 2) + 2 (1 log 2) 2 3 log 2 + 4 log 2 1 (1 log 2) =
5 3 2
2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 7 7
= log 2 + log 2 log 2 + 2 log 2 log 2 = + log 2 =
5 5 3 3 3 2 2 2 5 30
7 7
= + log 2 = 1, 33
5 30

1
1 6
3
a a2 1 6
12. log a a 5 a + log 1 = log a a a 5 + log 1 6
3
= log a a 5
+ log 1 =
a a a a a a

6 1 41
= + =
5 6 30

1 b
13. log ab 3 + log a + log a+b a + b =
ab b a
1
1 a 1
= log ab (a b)3 + log a + log a+b (a + b)2 =
b b

1 a 1 1 1 1
= log ab (a b) log a + log a+b (a + b) = 1 + =
3 b b
2 3 2 6

14. log a ( 3 a a 3 ) log b ( 5

) 3
b 2 : b 2 + log ab (ab) =
1 10 8 10 8 29
= log a a 3 a 3 log b

( 5
)
b8 3 = log a a 3 log b b 5 3 = + 3 =
3 5 15

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TIMONMATE Logaritmos resueltos

1
1 b
1 a
log ab + log a log ab (a b) 2 + log a
ab b a b b

15. = 1
=
log a+b a + b log (a + b)2 a+b

1 a
log ab (a b) log a 1 1
2
b b
= = 2 = 3
1 1
log a+b (a + b)
2 2

1 1
log 2 5 8 + log 2 16 + log 2 log ( 2 )
3 5
+ log 2 2 4 + log 2 23
16. 8= 2
=
2 log 2 4 3 log 2 2 log 2 4 2 log 2 2 3
3 3
log 2 2 5 + 4 log 2 2 3 log 2 2 5 + 4 3 8
= = =
4 log 2 2 3 log 2 2 43 5

2 1 25
log 2 8 + log 2 log 2 log 2
17.
25 5 8 =
log 2 40 log 2 10 log 2 2 + log 2 4
log 2 2 3 + (log 2 2 log 2 5 2 ) log 2 51 (log 2 52 log 2 2 3 )
= =
(log 2 5 + log 2 2 3 ) (log 2 5 + log 2 2) log 2 2 + log 2 2 2

3 + (1 2 log 2 5) log 2 5 (2 log 2 5 3)

= =
(log 2 5 + 3) (log 2 5 + 1) 1+2
4 2 log 2 5 3 log 2 5 + 3
= = 2 log 2 5 1 + log 2 5 = 1
2 3

log b 2 = 4
7, 2 3 0, 0062
18. log b . Datos: log 3 = 2
25 3, 2 4 b
log b 5 = 3

7, 2 3 0, 0062
log b = log b (7, 2 3 0, 0062 ) log b ( 25 3, 2 4 ) =
25 3, 2 4

2 2 32
3
3
2 2 4
4

= log b
+ log b 2 3 log b (5 ) + log b =
2

5 2 5 5

= 3[ 2 log b 2 + 2 log b 3 log b 5] 2 [ log b 3 2 log b 2 3 log b 5]

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2 log b 5 + 4 ( 4 log b 2 log b 5) =

= 3 2 4 + 2 2 (3) 2 2 2 4 3 (3) {2 (3) + 4 4 4 (3)} =

= 3[ 8 + 4 + 3 ] 2 [ 2 8 + 9 ] {6 + 4 [ 16 + 3]} = 31

B.3 Hallar el trmino desconocido.

19. log a 125 = 3 a 3 = 125 a 3 = 5 3 a = 5

20. log a 243 = 5 a 5 = 243 a 5 = 35 a = 3

1
21. log 625 25 = x 625 x = 25 5 4 x = 5 2 4x = 2 x =
2

1 2
22. log 32 0, 25 = x 32 x = 0, 25 2 5x = 2 5x = 22 5x = 2 x =
4 5
5
1 1 1 5
23. log x 2 = x 5 = 2 x 5 = 2 5 x 5 = 2 5 x = 32
5

B.4. Desarrollar expresiones logartmicas:

x y
24. log a = log a x y log a z = log a x + log a y log a z
z
2
x x
25. log a = 2 log a = 2 (log a x log a y)
y y

x y
26. log a = log a x y log a z = log a x + log a y log a z
z
1
x3 y
27. log a = log a x 3 y log a z = log a x 3 + log a y log a z 2 =
z
1
= 3 log a x + log a y log a z
2

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TIMONMATE Logaritmos resueltos

B.5. Escribir como un solo logaritmo:

2

x x xy y3
28. log (xy) 2 log = log (xy) log = log 2 = log
y y x x
2
y

2
29. 2 ln (a b) ln (a 2 b2 ) = ln (a b) ln (a + b)(a b) =
2
2 (a b) a b
= ln (a b) ln (a + b)(a b) = ln = ln
(a + b) (a b) a + b

1
4
ab 1 a b
4 a b a b 4 2
log 2 =
30. 4 log 2
a 2 a
log
a
2 log 2 a =


2
2 2 (a b) a 2 (a b)2
(a b) a b a4
= log 2 log 2 = log 2 = log 2 4 =
2
a4 a (a b)2 a ( a b)

a 2
1
log 2 2 = log 2 (a2 )
a

1
1
31. 2 log 5 (x) log 5 (b) + (x + 2) log 5 (7 ) = log 5 x log 5 b 3 + log 5 7 x+2 =
2

3
x 2
x 2 7 x+ 2 x 2 7 x+2
= log 5 1 + log 5 7 x+2 = log 5 1 = log 5 3
b
b3 b3

a b c ay a b /c ay
32. log + log + log log = log log =
b c d xd b /c d xd
a a
cd x
a
ay
= log log = log = log = log
cd
cd xd ay ay cy
xd xd

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x 1 x 2 y
33. log 2 (xy) log 2 2 + log 2 =
y 2 2


xy x 2 y x 2 y x 2 y 4
= log 2 + log 2 = log 2 y 3 = log 2
x 2 2 2
2
y

TEMAS RELACIONADOS
Ecuaciones logartmicas.
Ecuaciones exponenciales.

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