College Statistics

1. An official has observed that his accounts are paid on average in 50 days,
with a standard deviation of 10 days. Using the Empirical Rule, and
assuming a normally distributed number of days, estimate what proportion
of the accounts will be paid between 60 and 70 days: *
(A) 13.5%
(B) 32%
(C) 68%
(D) 95%

2. Suppose we have a bell-shaped, symmetrical distribution, and then we

add some extreme outlier points to the right tail. Which of the following will
now be true?: *
(A) Mode > Mean > Median
(B) Median > Mode > Mean
(C) Mean > Median > Mode
(D) Mode > Median > Mean

Questions 3-4: The daily high temperature for Chattanooga is normally

distributed with mean 79 and standard deviation 4.

3. What is the upper quartile for this population?: *

(A) 79.5
(B) 80.5
(C) 81.7
(D) 82.4

4. Find the probability that a randomly chosen temperature is between 70

and 75: *
(A) 0.0122
(B) 0.1464
(C) 0.1587
(D) 0.8413

Questions 5-6: An American roulette wheel contains 18 red slots, 18 black

slots, and 2 green slots.

5. If you spin the wheel twice, find the probability of landing on a black slot
both times: *
(A) 0.2244
(B) 0.25
(C) 0.4737
(D) 0.5263

6. If you spin the wheel twice, find the probability of landing on one red and
one green, when order does not matter. (Hint: You could get red first and
then green or green first and then red!): *
(A) 0.0499
(B) 0.4737
(C) 0.0249
(D) 0.5783

Question 7-8: A survey in a class of students asked for their gender and
which book series they each preferred: Harry Potter or Twilight. The results
are shown in the table below.

Harry Potter Twilight Total

Male 45 0 45
 Female 80 28 108
Total 125 28 153

7. Suppose we select a student at random. Find the probability that the

student is female or prefers Twilight: *
(A) 0.2941
(B) 0.3600
(C) 0.7059
(D) 0.8170

8. Find the probability that a randomly selected student is female, given that
the students preference was Harry Potter: *
(A) 0.3500
(B) 0.5229
(C) 0.6400
(D) 0.7407

9. Katie graduated at the 71st percentile in a class of 700. Approximately how

many students ranked above Katie? Choose the best answer: *
(A) 29
(B) 203
(C) 445
(D) 497

10. Consider the following summary statistics. Using the boxplot outlier test,
potential outliers would be any value above what?: *
 (A) 156
(B) 183
(C) 255
(D) 282

Questions 11-12: Consider the simple linear regression model y = a + bx.

Now select a sample size of 10 with the following information:

x = 56 y ( = 67 x x )( y y ( ) = 780 x x ) 2 = 1250

11. What is the estimated value of b?: *

(A) 0.50
(B) 0.62
(C) 0.72
(D) 1.00

12. What is the estimated value of a?: *

(A) 1.8
(B) 2.9
(C) 3.2
(D) 4.5

13. Interpreting the intercept in a simple linear regression model is: *

(A) reasonable if the sample contains values of x around the origin.
(B) not reasonable because researchers are interested in the effect of a change in x on the change
in y.
(C) reasonable if the intercepts p-value is less than 0.05.
 (D) not reasonable because it is always meaningless.

14. Which of the following is NOT one of the assumptions necessary for
simple linear regressions?: *
(A) heteroscedasticity
(B) linear relationship
(C) independence of operations
(D) no significant outliers

15. The simple linear regression line: *

(A) will always have a slope larger in than the intercept (in absolute value).
(B) will always have a slope smaller than the intercept (in absolute value).
(C) cannot have a slope of 0.
(D) will always pass through the point ( x, y ).

16. Which of the following statements is/are correct? br>

(I) Confidence intervals are a range likely to contain an unknown population
parameter.
(II) Prediction intervals are a range for a single new observation.
(III) A prediction interval is wider than a confidence interval.: *
(A) I only
(B) I and III only
(C) II only
(D) I, II, and III

17. Consider the following correlation matrix of the variables Blood Pressure
(BP), Weight, and Stress.
 BP Weight Stress
BP 1
Weight 0.950 1
Stress 0.164 0.034 1

Choose the best answer: *

(A) None of the variables are strongly related to one another.
(B) Weight and blood pressure are strongly correlated. We should log transform one of those
variables before fitting the multiple regression model.
(C) Weight and blood pressure are strongly correlated, but that will not impact the multiple
regression model.
(D) Weight and blood pressure are strongly correlated, so we should not include both variables at
once in the multiple regression model.

Questions 18-19: We want to use an alligators length (in feet) to predict its
weight (in pounds). A linear regression model is fit and is y = 10 + 41x.

18. An alligator that is 10 feet long actually weighs 403 pounds. Calculate
that alligators residual: *
(A) 17
(B) 0.41
(C) 0.41
(D) 9.59
(E) 17

19. Choose the best interpretation of the slope: *

(A) An alligator that is 0 feet long, on average, will weigh 10 pounds.
(B) For every additional 41 pounds in weight, an alligators length is expected to increase on
average by 10 feet.
(C) An alligator 8 feet long is expected to be about 41 pounds heavier than a 7-foot alligator.
(D) For every additional foot in length, an alligator is expected to weight 41 less pounds on average.
(E) The slope has no practical interpretation in this problem.

Questions 20-22: A multiple regression model was run on a sample of 150

high school students to see whether the heights of their mothers and fathers
(in inches) could be used to predict the students own height (in inches).
Consider the following partial output.

Parameter Estimate St. Error

Intercept 16.967 4.658
Mother 0.299 0.069
Father 0.412 0.051

20. Find the T test for the variable Mother: *

(A) 0.018
(B) 0.231
(C) 3.643
(D) 4.333
(E) 8.078

21. Choose the best way to interpret the estimated coefficient for Father: *
(A) Holding the mothers height constant, every additional inch in height from the father is
associated with a decrease of 0.412 inches on average in the students height.
(B) Every extra inch in height of the father causes the student to be 0.412 inches taller.
(C) Holding the mothers height constant, every additional inch in height from the father is
associated with an increase of 0.412 inches on average in the students height.
 (D) The coefficient of 0.412 does not have a practical interpretation.

22. Suppose the coefficient for Mother turns out to be significant. Choose
the best answer: *
(A) A confidence interval for Mother would contain 0.
(B) A confidence interval for Mother would be completely positive.
(C) A confidence interval for Mother would be completely negative.
(D) There is not enough information to tell.

23. Given that SSR = 432.189 and SSE = 113.456 for a multiple regression
model, compute R2: *
(A) 0.2079
(B) 0.2625
(C) 0.6274
(D) 0.7921

24. The salary of junior executives in a large retailing firm is normally

distributed with population standard deviation $1,500. If a random sample of
25 junior executives yields an average salary of $16,400, find a 95%
confidence interval for the population mean salary: *
(A) ($12,900 , $28,048)
(B) ($12,078 , $19,500)
(C) ($10,800 , $18,988)
(D) ($15,812 , $16,988)

25. The lifetime of a particular brand of light bulb is normally distributed with
unknown mean and known standard deviation 75 hours. What is the
probability that in a random sample of 49 bulbs, the sample average lifetime
is within 21 hours of the population average lifetime? (This means anything
from 21 hours below to 21 hours above the population mean.): *
(A) 0.90
(B) 0.95
(C) 0.96
(D) 0.99

26. Consider the following sample of 9 gas prices:

{4.40, 3.70, 5.10, 4.30, 4.70, 3.70, 3.50, 4.60, 4.70}

Find a 90% confidence interval for the mean gas price: *

(A) 4.30 1.73
(B) 4.60 3.22
(C) 4.30 0.57
(D) 4.30 0.34

27. Which of the following statements is true?: *

(A) A high p-value suggests a rejection of the null hypothesis.
(B) The significance level of a hypothesis test is the probability of making a Type I Error given that
the null hypothesis is false.
(C) If the test statistic lies within the rejection region, the null hypothesis is rejected.
(D) The critical values for a hypothesis test do not depend on the significance level of a test.

28. When testing H0: 2 13 against Ha: 2 <13 , you find the x2 test statistic
to be 2 and the degrees of freedom 5. What is the p-value?: *
(A) 0.84915
(B) 0.15085
 (C) 0.2337
(D) 0.97663

29. A study was conducted among birdwatchers to see whether there is an

association between age and the type of binoculars preferred. The subjects
were classified in one of the following age brackets: 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-
60, and 60+. The binocular brands were one of the following: Canon, Eagle
Optics, Nikon, or Olympus. Assume that all assumptions are satisfied. If the
Chi-square test statistic is 17.1762, find the p-value: *
(A) 0.0032
(B) 0.0266
(C) 0.0447
(D) 0.1431

30. We want to see if there is a significant difference in the average sales

price of MP3 players using two different buying methods on a certain
website: Bid and Buy it Now. Data is collected on 10 MP3 players bought
using Bid and the average sales price is $85. Data is also collected on 10
MP3 players bought using Buy it Now and the average sales price is $78.
Assuming both populations have a standard deviation of $15, run the
appropriate test and calculate the p-value.: *
(A) 0.2967
(B) 0.0001
(C) 0.0200
(D) 0.7033

A well-known company claims that their refrigerators have an average of 31

gallons of useable space inside. You suspect that the fridges actually have
less space than advertised and want to test to see if the company is telling
the truth. To test this claim, you take a sample of 100 refrigerators and find
the sample mean of 30.7 and a sample standard deviation of 2.2.
31. What is the correct pair of hypothesis statements?: *
(A) H0: = 31; Ha 31
(B) H0: 31 ; Ha: < 31
(C) H0: 30.7 ; Ha: < 30.7
(D) H0: 31 ; Ha: > 31
(E) H0: 30.7 ; Ha: > 30.7

32. Compute the appropriate test statistic: *

(A) 1.3636
(B) 1.6604
(C) 1.6604
(D) 1.3636
(E) 1.9842

33. Which statement is correct?: *

(A) The test statistic is less than the critical value and the null hypothesis should be rejected. We can
conclude that the company average space is significantly less than advertised.
(B) The test statistic is less than the critical value and we fail to reject the null hypothesis. There is
insufficient evidence that the company average space differs significantly from what is advertised.
(C) The test statistic is more than the critical value and we fail to reject the null hypothesis. There is
insufficient evidence that the company average space differs significantly from what is advertised.
(D) The test statistic is more than the critical value and the null hypothesis should be rejected. We
can conclude that the company average space is significantly more than advertised.

Questions 34-35: Suppose we have a sample of 25 Irish wolf hounds and a

sample of 36 great Danes, and we weigh each dog. It is of interest to see
whether the population variances are equal. Suppose the standard
deviations for the wolf hounds and Danes are 15.3 and 13.2, respectively.
34. Find the test statistic for comparing the sample variances: *
(A) 0.93
(B) 1.16
(C) 1.34
(D) 1.79

35. On what distribution would you obtain the p-value?: *

(A) The chi-square distribution with 1 degree of freedom
(B) The T distribution with 59 degrees of freedom
(C) The F distribution with 25 and 36 degrees of freedom
(D) The F distribution with 24 and 35 degrees of freedom

Questions 36-39: Six numbers are selected at random from a random

number generator and entered into each of four rows. The summary
statistics are presented in the chart below.

Mean SD
Row 1 5.8 0.78
Row 2 3.6 0.23
Row 3 5.5 0.32
Row 4 4.0 0.59

Assume the populations are normal with equal variances. It is of interest to

test the following:
Ho: 1 = 2 = 3 = 4

36. What are the degrees of freedom for the test statistic?: *
(A) 3 and 18
 (B) 3 and 20
(C) 4 and 22
(D) 4 and 24

37. What type of test should be used here?: *

(A) F test
(B) T test
(C) Chi-square test
(D) Kolmogorov-Smirnov test

38. What is the critical value at the 0.05 significance level?: *

(A) 3.1
(B) 2.7
(C) 2.1
(D) 4.9

39. What is the correct decision?: *

(A) Reject the null, because the test statistic is larger than the critical value.
(B) Dont reject the null, because the test statistic is smaller than the critical value.
(C) Reject the null, because the test statistic is smaller than the critical value.
(D) Dont reject the null, because the test statistic is larger than the critical value.

40. When using the ANOVA technique, you test for: *

(A) the differences in variances among multiple populations.
(B) the difference in proportions among multiple populations.
 (C) the difference in means among multiple populations.
(D) none of the above.

41. In ANOVA, the total amount of variation within samples is measured by: *
(A) the grand mean.
(B) the mean square for treatments.
(C) the sum of squares for error.
(D) the sum of squares for treatments.

42. All of the following techniques are acceptable ad hoc procedures to

conduct after an ANOVA has been fit, EXCEPT: *
(A) Tukey
(B) LSD
(C) Scheffe
(D) Wilcoxon

Questions 43-44: Consider the following partial one-way ANOVA table with
30 subjects:

Source DF SS MS F
Treatment 2 180.067 90.033 __
Error ___ ______ ______
Total ___ 702.527

43. What are the degrees of freedom for error and total, respectively?: *
(A) 27 and 29
(B) 28 and 30
 (C) 27 and 30
(D) 28 and 29

44. Compute the F statistic: *

(A) 4.652
(B) 7.803
(C) 36.376
(D) Not enough information to determine.

Questions 45-46: Let o and 1, , 6 be the intercept and the parameters of

the explanatory variables in a multiple regression model. Suppose we
conduct an ANOVA test.

45. The null hypothesis test in the ANOVA is: *

(A) Ho: o = 1 = = 6 = 0
(B) Ho: 1 = 2 = = 6 = 0
(C) Ho: o = 0
(D) Ho: 1 = 2 = = 6

46. The alternative hypothesis in the ANOVA is: *

(A) Ha: 1 2 6 0
(B) Ha: 1 0
(C) Ha: at least one of the s is not equal to 0
(D) Ha: 1 > 0, 2 > 0, , 6 > 0

47. In an ANOVA table, you have computed an F-statistic of 1.34. The model
and error degrees of freedom are 2 and 12, respectively. What can you say
about the p-value?: *
 (A) Less than 0.01
(B) Between 0.01 and 0.025
(C) Between 0.025 and 0.05
(D) Between 0.05 and 0.10
(E) Greater than 0.10

Questions 48-49: You are conducting a randomized block design, testing a

new type of medicine thats supposed to lower cholesterol, with the
following partial summary:

Source SS DF
Medicine 5.20 4
Block ___ __
Error 0.54 6
Total 12.91 19

48. What was the total sample size?: *

(A) 4
(B) 6
(C) 9
(D) 20

49. Find the block sum of squares: *

(A) 1.17
(B) 1.73
(C) 7.17
(D) 7.71
50. Which of the following are assumptions for the ANOVA procedure?

(I) Independent subjects

(II) Normality
(III) Equal variances
(IV) Nonnegative Data: *
(A) I, II, and III only
(B) II and III only
(C) II, III, and IV only
(D) I, II, III, and IV
(E) I, III, and IV only