Marxism and Literature RAYMOND WILLIAMS-suonmoN pure su KS a song ro 0 IPH ane uote a0 pun ay Bun BM Jo AONENTON ee, ee smo po 80.205 eu, OF Saye jo smn “6 tious poe eos eraod “2 sworyniog pom saon#0 Omen, fom ASojouoy pue wonsouTdAL "eu dps an opment oy won>opry wo SaaS ‘eared asnanposd etcieeege r k004 | aed m macnn tenon S¥ojo0pI “y ammo coon ‘miro “t vine oT ‘vorpmpost, ‘squequog|. Structures of Feeling Jn most description and analysis, culture and society are expres ted in an habitual past tense. Tho strongest barir tothe recog ition of human cultural activity i this Immediate and regular Conversion of experience into inished products. Wha is defen bible a6 e procedure in conscious history, where on certain soumptions many actions can be definitively taken as having ‘ded. isbebitualy projected, not only into tho always moving Substance of the past, but into contemporary life, in which felationehips, insitutions and formations ia which we ao stil Sctively involved are converted, by this procedural mode, into formed stholes rather than forming and formative processes ‘Analysis is then contted on relations between these produced institutions, formations, and experience, so that now, asin that produced past, only the fxed axpllet forms exist, and living Dresonce It always, by definition, receding. "When we bogin to grasp the dominance of this procedure, to ook ino Its cetre sod if posetble past its edges, we can under. stand, in new ways, tt separation ofthe social from the per Sonal which is so powerful and directive a cultural mode. I the focal is always past, n the senso that iis always formed, we hhave indeed to find other torms forthe undeniable experience of the present not only the temporal present, the realization ofthis tnd thie instant, but the specificity of present being the inaien- bly physical, within which we may indeed discern and Scknowledge institution, formations, positions, btnot always fs fixed products, defining products. And then ifthe social isthe fixed and explici—the known relationships, insitutions, for. trations, positions—all that is present and moving, all thet ocapes or seems to escape from the fed and the explicit and the Enown, ls grasped and defined es the personal: this, here how alive activ, aubjoctive “Thero is another related distinction. As thought is descxibed, in the same habitgl past tense, tis indeed so different, in its tsplictond finished forms, from much oreven anything that we ‘can presently recognize as thinking, that we set against it more fective, ‘moro flexible, les. singular terms—consciousness, txperience, foling--and then watch oven these drawn towards Structures of Feeling 129 fixed, finite, receding forms. The point is especially relevant to works ofa which wally ao, in one sonse, explicit and finished forms—actual objects in ho visual ats, objectifiod conventions and notations (semantic figures) in Iiterature, But tis not only that to complote their inherent process, wo have to make them ‘reson, inspocifcaly active readings lisalsothatthemaking, Sf artis never ital in th past tense It is always a formative process, within specific present. At different moments in hse ‘ory, and in significantly different ways, the eallty and even the primacy of sch presencee and such processes, ach diverse and Yyet specific actualities, have beon powerfully asserted and Foclaimod, es in practice ofcourse they aroall the time lived. they ae then often assorted as forms themselves, in contention with other known forms: the subjective as distinct from the ‘bjective; experience from belief; feeling fom thought; the Immediate from the general the personal from the socal. The undeniable power of two great modern ideological =ys- tems—the ‘aesthetic’ and the ‘psychological, ironically, systematically derived from these senso of instance and pro: oss, where experlence, immediate feeling, and thon subjectv. lity and personality aze newly generalized and assembled, ‘Agelnst these ‘porsonel forme, tho ideological systems of fixed social generality, of catogorical products, of ebsoluto forma- tons, ee relatively powerless, within thelr specific dimension, Of ose dominant strain in Marcism, with its habitual abuse of the ‘subjctve" and tho ‘prsonal’, this is especially tru. ‘Yetit isthe reduction ofthe socal to fixed forme that remains the basic err. Mare often said this, and some Marxists quote ‘lm, tn fied ways belore returning to fxed forms. The mistake, 1850 often, i in aking terms of analysis os terms of substance ‘Thus wo spesk of world-view or fe provaling ideology orof@ class outlook, often with adequate evidence, but inthis gular Slide towards past tonse and e fixed form suppose, or even do ot know that we have fo suppose, thet these eat and re lived Specificelly and definitively in singular and developing forms, Perhaps the desd can be reduced to fixed form, though the surviving rocords aro against i. But th living will not be ‘oducod, atleast in the first person; living third persons may be Aiferent,Allthe known complexities, theexperienced tensions, shifts, and uncertainties, the intricate forms of unevenness and Confusion, ae against the tems of the reduction and soon, bypa youornynsu pe feo0s oy J sesuos peompes max; ONE emda yy adem ono eos ate Aon. -rB0@ jo ae) fens, [ruopout so peogsedas stlou ah $030 ®UD100%9 [Touoied, sung soxter ouotsdxo floes woye Smog ‘Ay taog ore oq oemy ues oxy ay sone wasps Pe woo 2 eons: tutourse pur ef pobueyp Jo soumpIss ep “thoor djotous fo syoxoq pue sorry oriitsut poBoeND jp eummbuayjdo oq oy poursro you eve sofurg> eafeTen> ‘ryoode shih #sbanstoq"aonTUEp ¥ yons yo souonbesaco ‘Worsojoporpow ayz.“suonson (oWOSTY yada 7 126 Ser Srerommuomonb dado ue ue aze‘Sosoep ure ae woamt eq stoner astouco9 pus yeas BuyBuayD ayy oserp puoog jue "ot, pun “suoneenog “mmogmsty SurBueyo Jo ou [Rouojr 2jods any omy paw send ey wouteg suet {1 ‘pound e foo uonsious eyo asuos oh said wren SOT “Trib jronned seo wou unsTP steer “arysuoNe| ‘ar eouqiodya eos yo Auton sfronsed vst Burayop are om. {oun toa "wonoereey sous asus Yrs Jo ys oxy ox Kx {noqarso Teuengu zo weep uoog sey Goa Ye 20 57 Sofump oct fo Aue longa —suopaond [eur ouTo0ds 4 toe “Ko 0} ot Yeqj—coyisonb ado Um ef pT TEPOF JO ectojaynesoxyo pur Burping'osxp ‘sso at pongo of ‘up ofueyo Jo spur Jes "Bes aH 9 HOY POON fag wea reoqotp ak seoypareaqrap oes ue pes au Teroaad © fat, saoy Asem oxy 5} oq SBURID a) ayo eq wondiaaeop tp paw ues apy bono exoua8 an Sunpoutos sj soto Sens yey YD ou Op oso 10g ‘suoqwoypow pus suonoqep “waoqsppe Jo SUE, UY pOUTPD 29 tao coup oy stosmoepoad Se allen omer oy ir ‘yeods voreiouo® ou ssejnqeoon pus seunsea3 uy sou Soop sonoyetos ye pu fervensq jo aude oetendum, op Aw op uF pasorge APO we seed SL "i soo fyeuodex0 wox) axe pouyap pus arenone Apeaste a ‘a suonmerny amass pouyep pus aeons fy zoe {ho y exo sreqd 2tuodaqan ue cy wane 1h [euaIew Poe Troe pooput yoru Supyary pu Bufo} o Pure sa ez parry omnia sonBsnoq orga snormucoUN oy SSUES Gut ou ‘oun jou st swing pow peonpeud uw pont 1 neue mow ony 9A “past Huog st IyBHO ot {ett S[uo}oupue pox Butoq Afenre seuss] sseusnO!sICD fet Seog Jo sompnns ropoead 04 yonu00 20 pees ounero sane 50 you [ag pur eveanojooue poe wom ysl sseane OME 3 Sebnoeuos wonoeng asoguanpe Sepanoe (1 9 a pou jowoorte eq yen suxms[o euoTNpu! UR calves coyeagrenb aq uo are sag anemedde ou Sede on puroy by ura ender pow eo} uous tone PY ed oye 20 fe oh ue anon pone Huyueor [geen oth Roe swans psu yumunet oe noses OUP ort pospur wore 8 4oods you op su} xt arp HOTS seoeSeatna oxy ae Souy, yarsodu pus pomod st gNO Soa eo ory sur ow Aq s uommdtca puy Soja tuo yu Uoyo tuo a you uos eden snoarota jo wewout Sqradauoyee uouDoeqdnp © sean ‘oxeoun GP Woy 3 STuqeuo ap yey pony Sones UOuoNND ©. Tavoreon aypenes waned one amos was 20 Trace pur Dorp prareg wes woseun era abua4 eoaopedso Totbead” pus woheidinjy peajoar oy) weenie UO Kronbey) sy emu sam par say pory yo Hunpory ¢ Se “Nourefntesrsseusnorooo eet sh Puy "pveero¥) BaP iqruopeteroryurscynq wont ao 0usno00 restoa00 ‘Tebosnssourtoyotoo esenesoqae! poopuy rum pexy wt Pezsumgoee newness nny ou oe Woe eames Srhonoarot por sdpoonea os ey eanoe peat a Som) ‘hum suo slusnoyseuo eon ome nh soto ed “ea uy sousnooraoo jos yo wons fawn] ojoX #0 ae any pouatapr us ex So wows og pong ae Soe Eos “agop pa pou] aie Kanye eodoxand eanoyo Shay oq ary nusundr pe sonoma yo suede eneenga, STbneonys pu ong sues forennop toy ol) urebp soar yh SuORFPeN PuesuOTONO FORTINET agfonulr ovr cy sip wow cary ong "edeo paw vee Se hoy un qortot asa vuptas ove ei} Tos. ‘dotonap pica soy sous won eaDN spac epos yee Buptnto "worveosr pow a4 ‘Boe enn peed pur nou usp pov (gsar soe Tear fuonodry, ety snofosuooun, om xpasd ure, Sr eonwuyaeiy ewig, oqr—Suusogop Jo 8 a) Ay ant $y pomoy reonoensqe ox ous pay ‘og J SOUT Sree pn orem ry ten na msds Paungo Yq soisous8 20) pape WU> cy are suzy [ooo om SESH oe SHR OS amesoir pus use, Oct a a |182° Marxism and Literature ‘the formal: first, in that they are changes of presence (while they tre being lived this is obvious: when they have been lived itis Still thor substantial characteristic), socond, in that although they ere emergent or pre-omergent, they do not have to await Alefinition, classification, or rationalization before they exert, pelpeble prossures and seteffective limits on experience and on fetlon ‘Such changes canbe defined as changes in structures of feel. ing. The terms dificult, but fealing"is chosen to emphsize distinction from mote formal concepts of" world-view or ideo. bay’ Tes not only that we must go beyond formally held and tematic beliefs, though ofcourse we have always to include ‘om. Ils that we are concerned with meenings and values es they ae actively lived and felt end the relations between these {and formal or systematic beliefs ae in practice variable (inlud- {ng historically variable), over a ange from formal assent with Duvete. dissent to the more ‘nuanced Interaction between, Selected and interpreted bellefs and acted and justified exper tmcos. An allemative definition would be strctures of oxper- nce: in one sense the botter and wider word, but with the {ficulty that one ofits senses has that past tense which is {ost important obstacle to recognition of the ares of social ‘hperionse which is boing defined: We aro talking about chars: {eristic elements of impUlso, zesrait, and tone: specifically “tfctvg lements of consciousness and relationships: not fel- {ng agains! thought, but thought as flt and fooling as thought: Drecteal consciousness ofa present kind, ina living and inter Felating continuity. We ae then defining these elements as & ‘cle as a sei, with specific intemal relations, at once fnlerlocking end in tenslon, Yet we are also defining a social ‘experience which i sil in process, often indeed not yet recos- fzed as socal bt taken tobe private, idiosyneratic, and even. isolating, but which n analysis (though rarely otherwise) as it ‘emergent, connecting, and dominant characteristics, indeed its “Specific hiorachies, Those ore often more recognizable ata ister Sage, when they have been (es offen happens) formalized, clas ‘ile. and in many cases bit nto Institutions and formations. By that tie the ose ie different; e now structure of feling will ‘tually already nave Bogua to form, in the tro social present ‘Methodologially, then, a structare of feling” i @ cultural hypothesis, tually derived from attempts to understand such ‘Structures of Feeling 133, elements and thelr connections Ina generaian o period, and ‘oedingslwaystoberetumed interactively tosuch evidence t ieintaliy lee imple than more formally structured kypotheret ‘th socal, but iis more edaguate to the actual Tange af cultural evidence: historically earainlybuteven more (wherelt tatters more) in ourpreen cltual process. Te hypothesis espacial ralevnca rand tate, wr tuo noi Content is n'a signficnt numberof cess ofthis presot aod SMfecive kind, which cannot without lore be reduced fo belle material (physical ornatual) experience which may liebeyond, brbe uncovered or imperfectly covered by, the elsewhere recog Blzable systematic elements, The unmlstakablo prosance of tlements—speiie ectings, specific rhyhimaand yet a fnd ays ocopnzing tele specie Hinds of coca, th pe- Verna hat exraon fomsoclxprenc whichisconet Sle only when socal experience Ie as been catgorcll {and at oot historcaly) reduced. We ae then nt only com. ‘comed with the restoration of sola content nt fl sense that Stayoncratveimmediaey. The os ofa structure of fexing can e tpcifealyelsed tothe evidence of forme and cocoa tlone—semattleNgires—which, in art aod ltertar, re oan fmong the very fst Indlatons that auch a new structure ls forming. These relations wil be dacassed in more dtall In Subsequent chapter, bute a mater of cleura theory this ta tray of defining forme and conventions in ata caare ae ibalenale clement of socal mater procee not by dria: tion from oer seal forme and preform, buto seal forma tion ofa spec ind which may in tum b soe tho atl: (yn ly waa ton a ect eling which as living proceses are much ore widely exper- ie del expen {Ror estuos flag can be define soil experiences in slution, ae dstint fom oer social semantic fommations-souosaid jo uonernane st $9 suo, -ruroj ques pu p08 myo way oygERSBUN aT. ‘he jo spa ayrods uy oygezTudooor puv yoridxs "wonetao} [1208 yo opou® jo spoqodiy ows m ‘Sye>neweoN “woRSOND {oy mod sy Joya ng "uoRerUsieqes porep sasfabas sodas roxy Jo Suy -sasndy ayunuioe nau A\[e(pe uy poreToAAe pao pani uo yes uoqsue) ot pue “UOHeNNE (eresqns set Smpeog 0 sompans, sy sujeqeny Sno eu0M spo; wry Aenea o exer ‘mojeuigy @ ways "(9861-058 30 oeaT-o8zx ‘PuEIBUR) 507 angi wojteynur 30 "aaypedy“GonTpeNUO 0} Seu ZaHTO Te-(om-002t uo(fug] ere Jo aes ogy pez oq st Bu0) Jo siovanne mou s yo souadsaur ox) Sou IV “SEDI S507) {Royduoo oyu cetaosaor 0} 30 sdnert osag 0 etsoqoopr ey Dr oxgenpes sy svorimono Pu ooeusory sy wt sone ANON ‘peypindtmeyp spear oq woo (3nop pauoyeat oxy ty pus =) “Fin powojop oth faone son Jo sarmyns ont ou 0} ‘post pus pogr ueenjog puro ay oyqeiea ka KEOOTY Sigg sos porerimesap ot Bua0}39 somryonas PoeRTEOTTP Jo aoneor xoydumoa omy Jo “AOU #8 sparaox ofduexs ox. pentmaus8 pus passed -sxp mou eueys pu 195 poouopdso yo suoNa] OM ‘PSNTEIPE ‘Athy wopeue[éxa or op wotsuoy peonpor e we mou ng suoT “Rintdso Buysqo pomoy Ajsouad Joey Afuo sem 2910 [20 aq joomieu arp ojameodsa yone Sunefer ABojonpyeapetsoye Try seuesuy Bapoenaan 2 9° AVG 20 "gop "Kuenod pe “wopipuoo [ozauad e ¢2‘Uonefost pub exnsodxe poyoods Elo pue vavuong (ya yo "suayziq JO samy onueuNes iAou'sg) ay “oryanvoom "Buj[eop yo semanas CImodwoIUO) ‘Sqr uopeynep 20 sanyo) wyo0e ee Saeco 9 20 1geP Aq 0 ‘Ghonod hq pasnes omnsodxa ory pexide'o[ durex 20} S30[0001 ‘Senomta Steg suojnyoun pur qiod-Bunres doop aeyronund ‘Raoy syyertedoner your my ayo ose eqs uy "pu stern “Gna pa soveyeiue soared “sfeyuyanorzed yo asTgonNe Suyoede 8 engy sf 1 osseoons sj 0} stoeuio0 AeRUeIGRS Sb uoqezeas® ox "uony uy "wayo erp ‘wonesa38 (Sysouye Deter usyo) raxayrus »aeodauaa 0 wos ove Awo am TIM ‘ete powton s{eaneya sy 'suoddey yy so yo seonoead [et “Shout, pouaosep exe—seaniy opewar mou—suorerorae Sgioeds ham uaneauopand e yo saneHoISem qt JO AUEOL ent inetean guns Jo oso Sioa oq wes eT SIN ‘Moheuoy paunyons ay nf azo 30494 ot worImos yds Sq ox sree -uopimos ao Faye Jo amyaras a ee M0} [Sippel oumenerp co wopeogipoutjo mun; ot uy eayoysnon) aotiouo ualuoareo Aqavuadsr pus Tenpees 0 TweUIOp “Suoneunioy [ejooe teyramie Spoos[e oy yer zo [eTIOP YeOUr suoneuoy aanoog ey, Suyoa) yo emnne Kisrodueya00 Poy soepetuvou fue A" fe ON “eqgeese STerpoUTEY uous pu Aquopras our are pe peyoyrdoard weg cary yor amyeserr pur upaey, vet212 Marxism and Literature lsewhero in tho continuum, i to lose contact with the sub- Stantive creative process and then to Ldealizei;toputitabove or ‘below the social, won itis in fact the soctal in one distinctive, durable, and total forms. Creative practice is thus of many kinds. I e already, and sctively, our prectical consciousness. When it bocamos strug slo~the ective strggle for new consclouaness through new relationships that isthe ineradicable emphasis of the Marxist “soso of self-creation—Itean take many forms, Itcan be the loa, and dificult remaking of an Inherited (determined) practical ‘consciousnoss:a procas offen deseribed as development but in bractie a struggle atthe soot of the mind —not casting off an ‘ideology, or learning phrasos.sbout it, but confronting a Ihagemony in the fibres ‘of the sel and in the hard proctical substance of effective and continuing relationships. I ean be sore evident practice: the a end illustration of hnthertoexchded and subordinated models; the embodiment and performance of known but excluded and subordinated ‘exporioncos and relationships; the articultion and formation of latent, momentary, and newly possible consciousness, ‘Within ral pressures and limits, such praction i always dif- ficult and oft uneven. Itis the speetal funetion of theory, in ‘exploring and defining the nature and the variation of practice, to dovelop a ganoral consciousness within what is repeatedly ‘experienced sa apocial and often elatively golated conse ines. For creativity and social aelf-creation are both known and ‘unknown events, and itis stil from grasping the known that the ‘unknown—tho next step, the next work-—is conceived Booklist and Abbreviations (CGP Mane. Conrbation fo the Citigue of Pata! Beonomy Epi Mare Zomamie ond Philwopie! Morente of 18ee ‘MEL Mant and Enguls on Livrtero andar, od, Baxandall and Morava Sw Mare snd Hagel, Selcted Works (all etion un Zags wher avalsbio) Amiga 7, Ps, London, 1967. Nui Dilocton, London 3673. ‘neu, For Mere, Landen, 2080, Nini sim, Reding Capt, London, 2970, Trae. Components of the Nlinal Cale, New Left Review, 50 don, 1966, cma B Mmesi, PApeton, 1670 stim, Melos and Bis Word, Cambridge, Mate 1960. ‘Bama, Re Weling Degree Zero, Leila, 1087 a thologes, New York. 1972 ‘neuen Merem and este: slectve annotated bibliog: Toph New York, 168 Med) Rodel Porpectives inthe Ave, Baltimore, 1972. — fd Meson, Se), Mars ard Engels on Literature ond Ar 7M), Lowi, 3075 Ben W uminatone, Now York, 1068. ‘inderandine Brecht. Landon. 3973 = Cherie Boudeioe, Landon, 387% som, Toward fel: Emaye in Seeing, New York, 162 ‘ute E, On Kael Mane’ New York 2071 roar, 3 On theatre fea Wilt) Nee York, 1064 rms N, Hite! ators, Landon, 2968. Cou Stade in @aving Culture, London, 1888 ieee and fealty, London, 1998 = Farther Studies ine Dying Culture, Landon, 1949 ‘Gia, The Fellow Travelers, New York 1972 (Gates i, From Rouse to Lenin London, 1973, "Manian and Hegel, London, 1974 Dione od) The hd in Chal, London, 1097, ‘Dasa Vai Criton del Gusto, Mien, 1980.“mossons “one NseY wipore fo, ruoygo “Cpe) 'S MnevaRtO top “EDOS PUD ry UO "MON ‘wopu ‘onowsoy fo gorauopung oy ota ota “5 neyy TEE spur Yn Dw a sper Tn ORD ODOR "uoporrssousoyosuo sox po Aix fostndsy pe) 1 sxe ‘db "WPL {oPOR SNA BIO MOH" EAA, "ser 004, mon “aognsoigog pu Sraoystoe “sung {8} 3 ie "wopuoy sou z(§) e404 pe.9(9§—— oer “wp io) AAaxpysam9g a4 —— 98 "up "ue a BE am ‘wopary Tegra pus" ,‘stownNEG pa) sBunI paoereg — vet “opm stpum5 — ‘oe ‘wopu a "Me) pe) su Fone, — “messoy nt #8 fo syducenuoy 1ydosopyg pu onsoun “6 “wou (490) nouorg wore ae9 40 ORRIN V— ‘et wp mdog “3 “e o8% HO MON soso¥ fo Audosoig aL 96t“oonog Sue — “98 “aokog “ung rNojeun ou “HOO, “past wom soy Anrodayn’ om, ast Sacto ‘ny pu an UO ‘unsung ‘sara sononpead of op soon aur ste "gseaionr, 2a) "uopuot ssounojoeueg ss) Pu Gopyy Tust-wopuer fon our fo sous sy — e6t‘uopuoy tsyooy aidan i husoop a — "og ape "uooy woodaur smpeIS — raat poo fsoN (nason auy Sar sor eon yf Hl i per ne ‘ot sopeo| Soreray gt yy se 3085 9804 man -a10p by Jo ny fo nog any ar, eat oper Aphis emheD puofomE Vs s09 "9 LE] 2961 195 mon oborbuoy jo suotiopunegfotopog™ HAN Za6% ooroy Hy pu eso HO. — “goer ‘wopuo ‘om poowteg 1A SET “paot aopory natty ouraeg ay ‘881 ‘wopaoy ‘wma J spinpunts sprBH, pe) a VT etl 'op "suman fo 80}0}20§ 4 “y oom NG NT c61 HOA mon pb pon “doers PE", “woot eon Gow fo wodoaueg aRMTOKOIOR ouL VON ‘Stz__suoneranuqgy pur wIPIooE oer “nsea “ayneaing " vaeny 2494 ‘wopuoy “Aydoeyiyg pu usp “01 ‘wope' “eonnfoso (ene fp pao uv" Nt E06? "pao non ru of uonepanay “yaar zat "wopa“wenourtey enpetond UL WL 2 eng ay rot a "ugh "wneud "aso pu reo ar ot epee sini any omen vedonng uopuouncy wwe tp) 0 ae Ce Bt "Wop yume fo onDo[d "sy pu "A "HOK Mon “Atou fon)" ro laget“aoper ayn og oy Raryoods — sot opus fo oe Su "SL “snot "vopaoT ‘uoRDeTag husitouD 0 pun amor one eet “wpm emo Nose NON 190 520) man "Jo Let eos Sg "HL veer "wpm ry oyndog aq “arn Pues UBL “aout Seg ta armen er) eet "wpa eyongaON worn —— “¢s0t"wopa0n sum Jom ud soled wnpog "ye ‘at mensope ath uo “W009 ‘40 ‘wopue' sso a fo SBoyors0g 2 Spots “oust sing soufouy sous Yo ouyd — oar mopar Ayden pul ens} wourny oa, — ‘20% "wopU ‘POD VORP 97 nT ‘ust 3HoK mong nats Supt eye ay aN "Zt ope dong au aon oy "A sees go man neath po Segsets ya) oe 96r "OK Man "ofp Isa Ly — ‘aot tmptey “ay Yo soso gn enon ‘da -wopury osu ayuelay dd {ecat "raga "ad “Om TOR ‘usury on yo sedsy thos ond (emowuL Yue wo eK Mek wonony fn) es ou, Ca tk fe may sip OM Jo AON, 40 GUANINE. "Fe HL woe soa “Uo Roy 9 rnfoody “7 eet “po uu pu 8 oT zea wopuoy HY fo Mojopes og “Lemme, “ret “oben sumo fo s80}}298 a4 we AydeaBon a porxowey "eH =H 204 BERD “eg Oe Pu SN MOM ua amyeroyr pur spam Fz216 Marxism and Literatere Mcam, J. Aesthetic Funetion, Norm and Value ax Socal Facts, ‘Ann Arbor iar ‘Now Left Review, Landon, 19650- ‘Now J (od) Now Masses New York, 1972. ‘Orv, Gite! Essays, oureliom ond Leters, London, 1968, Pluto’ G, Crit! Ease nthe History of oli, Landon, Art and Social Lif. Landon 1083. ‘astm J The Mythology of impels, New York, 1671 Vs Democacy, Nw York, 150. ea Ay Principle of Literary Caen, London, 192% ‘con, jot in Peton, Lond, 1976 ‘Shama J. Soar fora Method, New York, 1963, wit i iterotaet: Now York, 1066, Retwodn Eestentilian and Mariem, London, 1976 Satin of Dita! ean Landa, 178 ‘Susnna Fd, Couty de Lingustgue Genet Lausanne, 1916 ‘SomH. hiss Commaniatons end American Bmpr, New otk, nut, M, Language, Now York. 1967 ‘Scour A ed), Fundamentals of Diletcal Motarialism, Mos- Sect Mogiter, London, 1964~ ‘Sctouot, Md) Maro and Ait, New York, 1973, Stan Mastin and Linguistic, New York, 2051 ‘Toncwn, EP William Mori, Landon, 1985 ithe Making of the Enlck Working Close, London, 1969. Trousen, G, Asses and Athens, London, 1943 Mandan and Poet, New York, 146, “ows, On Materia, London, 1978. ‘Tenmor, [68 Thode trae, Pass 965, ‘Tove itrture and Revoltion New Yor, 1997, “Ge Limatere and At New Yar. 1970, Vacate AS AM and Sac ecnayain Maret Ansthetics,Now York, ‘eo, G, The New, Science. Bergin, and Fisch, Me Ithaca, NY. ‘Vototv, VN. Maralsm and the Philosophy of Language, New York, ‘Yvert [a8 Thought and Language, Cambridge, Mase, 1962. athe Peyton of At, Cambridge Mane 1873 ‘ar A. Gree ond Crit, London 1937 ‘Wistats I, The Lang Revlon, Landon, 161 A feleriion: Technology and Cultural Farm, London, 1978 Booklist and Abbreviations 217 — Keywords, London, 1975 ‘sca By To the Finland Station, New York 2983 row, A.A. Bssyson Ltertur,Pilwophy and Music, New Yook,