O C-N
O L-
O ju o
O n j
O vA Jho
O uh- N--j
N Nx- ...
#o #oN L #\!
O O p--L!
v L!
v-d pL!
\ xJ-c -!
] p Tx
j ]!
O u--]- O [p--]
-[-v-A V N# V Spoken English Conversational English
jL p Tx
E .
# Career - Nu-n--]-J ---i
u C-hC.
Sentence-1 verb is, Sentence-2
Communications Skills u-i Spoken English. verb 'do speak', Sentence-3, 4 'is'.
Spoken English Sentence Subject,
# ux, qx v--E Ey- Interviews, group Verb Jh-[ -. E
I discussions, presentations, self sketches N C-- Jhh N--Fo .
Kavita : How did you do in yesterday's
Spoken English O] d -. a) Andhra Pradesh is the biggest state in
South India
exam?
(Eo K- ?) (-- --E u (x Tx x-[) b) The Eenadu was published first from
! L- 3. Where is Ramesh?
Vizag.
Suji : Well, I think. How did you do ?
( -----o. y ho. h-] --o) ( \[?) [ Sentences N-Eo pN.
Statements o-.
?) Suneetha : I wish I had appeared for CAT 4. How beautiful the Taj is!
c) Is AP the biggest state in South India?
too. It's too late now. I think I'll (-- ] C)
Kavita: Not bad. I could have done better. d) Was the Eenadu first published from
(y-]. h [- do MCA. I am preparing for the j Sentences vAD
Vizag?
a) entrance tests of all MCA
courses. I may also take PG
N-Eo J#
-C. ] (c), (d) Questions . (a), (b) (c),
Suji: What group are going to study in entrance tests and do MSc Sentence (d) l.
Inter? Computers or Electronics. 'Vijayawada', English (a), (b) Statements,
(- v B---o?)
C
( -C. 'They', C (c), (d) Questions v-
Kavita : MPC. What about you ? p[ -E ? 'Ramesh', C u-E-t (sentence structure) C.
(. y...!) h. > v K- 'Taj' J# -- (sentence structure ],
Suji : Not sure yet, though dad wants me -E C. tq o. Sentence M. SURESAN y J.)
to do MPC. u-q -Z-Eq F p N-Eo E Statement : AP is the
( N --]. o h) 'Subject' . d ] Sentence
Structure ) Subject + Verb
-o)
(DE
Subject Vijayawada, u Subject
Kavita : Which college? ( @?) ---Fo -E- ...! biggest state in south India.
from Vizag?
Suneetha : Not yet decided. What are your
N-- Tx , [ L-]. Sentence 'She' Subject. 'Sings well'
Listening. - x English C Subject She J# p . 'sings C Statements quesitons Ja
plans? n ---[. DE daily life - practice
( --]. F - well' 'sings' sentence ]. (She .
- , Pronunciation
?) well - n ]. Sentence ]). Statements Questions
---L. 'She sings well' - sentence Subject a) (Yes), They are students -----?
Supriya : Well, You know I've taken the u J-Q-L-. 'She' y 'Sings' Sentence b) (Yes), Rani is the leader -----?
CAT for joining in IIM. Waiting for 1. Vijayawada is on the banks of the Krishna u. 'VERB' . c) (No), I am not happy -----?
the results. If I make it, I'll join
(N--[ 'g [f C) Subject, Verb --[ -u. d) (Yes), He was here last night -----?
one of the IIMs. Hope I shall be
2. They do not speak English d-] #a Sentences Verbs e) (No), She is not hungry ? -----?
fortunate.
l.
I [- 14 W 2005
W x x j E#, h
p [. No, j]E N x
Th. d E ## x[. F x
xp[ ]ui # . L
d E d d.
PRONUNCIATION GUIDE
English pronunciation confusion
[ y l-
- [[.
: Car c-, centre c-
l-E [ y - [[.
R x! 3. They are happy 5. -- W 10 # 4
: centre - c \[ , sentry - s \[ VERBS 4. Are you happy?
--
). Kranthi: Was anything special in the sun-
5. Why are you here?
6. They are our relatives 6. O W -@ p-[-?
day Eenadu?
-L? (C- -[ j vu- ?) am, is, are p[ (now) vh --
(present) [-Eo L--h. ]
English x \ -. 7. @ 10 # 4 ?
Karuna: Yes. There was the first lesson in
am, is, are regular [-Eo L-----
#---x l \. Pen - ; Spoken English.
(. p Tx ] C.) E --T-h. j \j v
Book- , Watch - ; Phone - ; Take p- [-Eo am, is, are
- . x #J x x
Kranthi: Was anything important in it?
(] i vu- ?) . C sentences practice Answers:
L- -C. o, \, <, , . 2. When is your father at office?
. English x--p[ x Karuna: Yes. Very important point was
O x--p[? (vA W C regular)
3. His pen is always in his pocket.
# x L-- ]. there- the difference between the
statement structure and question
4. When are your classes (every day)?
When are your classes every day? 5. Our classes are from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.
structure.
C u! (. u-i N... \[ 'are' ] [-o? C vA 6. When are you at college (every day)?
] \[ p[ L
C. L LE v ] JE
da N LTa. ' a
xEo [ ' C. ]
a E i ]l J[ .
the- \[ C, p[ ]?
[ phone, ringup, give a ring,
call- O-Eo- p[ [- o ,
'call', phone to a person, phone a person
Jh ----. ring up, give a ring
[- o.
1) O -J .
Please call me.
Please give me a ring.
Please ring me up.
WAS, WERE L. 6. I was at College. p- h.
Ram: Were you there yesterday? 7.Eo y \[ ]o? 7. Are you at college at this time every day? I will certainly call you.
(Eo y \[ o?) Why were you here yesterday? 8. Yes, I am (at college... every day - conver- Sure, I will call you.
Sx O h.
Raghav: I was there, of course. 8. o-[ C- \[ o[. sation C---a.)
( \[ o) 9. When are you at home usually? (-
I will get back to you.
Raghav: I was there exactly at 6 when the C sentences english practice. therefore, am) but I was not (wasn't) at
Please mail the matter to me at
yours@yahoo.com
function began. 1. Praveen: O Eo x o? home last evening. J y .
(J_ { ]-j 6 - 2. Pranav: , x o. (Eo v, Eo vA last evening,
3)
u EtEo ] yh x x[[
]u ]. u Jh . [
L o TxE
[ ]l di E ]. ] u
u # !
J# h x E C# #o h.
O ! VOCABULARY
row. C. She has bought a car.
has + past participle (j p[ ]
p Tx O v dish (), bowl ()
4. Can't you be patient? (Can you not = Can't
d).
p Tx, vA\, [, x v Vessels (q),
you)
D. She bought it yesterday.
utensils (-Eqq)
5. When should we be there? (bought - past simple- yesterday E
# a. (Eo). j -o d).
>[, j]82
email: pratibha@ eenadu.net
ewer () 6. He could be here yesterday itself
I [- 20 W 2005
[ Eoi L [ x \J
n v] C. DE ' v
a. Eo \ \ N] Lq C.
C \[ vT x
]JE dC.
7. - \-[-o? before?
Where have you been all this time? C u- O English practice .
8. O -- \[-o? 1. O \-[-o?
How long have you been here? 2. [-\ -- v-- o[?
9. \-[C? 3. 2001 # -d- o[.
Where has Pooja been all these days? (since, for the past [ --T#
Tx- have been / has been p.)
vu C. -p # p 4. 2001 # 2003 \[ -
F, -F j [-Eo I, o[.
We, you and they 5. -- Mx -E C.
'have been' F 6. [ V- F- o[.
he, she, it 'has (F Weak)
Pooja: Are you happy? It is an ox. etc. been' F #h. 7. O V- G@ o?
(- o?) Ux - Questions prac- -N-... 8. s o? (s
Durga: Certainly I am. tice . Eo V-/ Eo ill/sick)
() eg: Is he happy? -/ Eo -/ 9. j u-vA o?
Pooja: Why are you happy? Are they clever? etc. Eo -q-- for 10. O \-[-o?
(] - o?) j p --Eo English - the past (The last)... days/ Answers:
Durga: My cousin Saraswathi is here for question practice . ... hours/ ... months / ... M. SURESAN 1. How long have you been here?
vacation. We shall be happy in each Question structure hC ? years (Sx V, 2. How long has Tendulkar been a cricketer?
other's company. a) vb+Sub [Are (verb) you (sub) happy?] , , -q- u.) 3. He has been a collector since 2001/ for the
( > -yA -- \- b) first word of the verb + sub + other words eg: for the past (The last) 2 days / 2 hours/ 2 past (last) 4 Years.
#aC. -[ ]l-J of the verb. months / 2 years 4. He was a teacher here from 2001 to 2003.
] C.) [Has (first word of the verb) he (sub) been helping for 2 days / hours / months / years 5. Delhi has been the capital of India for a
Pooja: What will be your plan? (other words of the verb) you?] now . long time.
(F x N?) 1. [ [? V/ / / -q # 6. He has been weak for two days now (for
Druga: Come home tomorrow. You will know. the past/ for the last two days)
( . F -hC.) 7. Have you been busy for the past (last) one
- week?
am, is, are; was, were; shall be, will be y 8. How long has he been ill?
happy, plan j [-a. 9. How long has YS been the Chief Minister?
C E x[ practice . <... 10. Have you been here for long?
Blanks Brackets #a - j Sentences have been/ has been
E. [ -E. - v # p
I am ________ F, -F [-Eo have been/ has
(O p. :
I am Pavan) been L---h. Question structure
I am _____ ..! p[ verb + subject F, verb [-
He is _______ [ -, Ist word of the verb +
They are ________ Subject + other words of the verb F
My friends will be ______ C.
j #aN sample v. 2. ] ? --E since .
d, dq, [, d, , o 3. - ? (future) I have been here for the past (last) two
--/-]-, ]-, v-i, #, 4. x E-B x? (past) years.
5. xp[ \[ ??
[, J, , , p-, L-j, 6. O-\[ ?
I have been here since 2003
L-N-E, [, , E-B , 7. [ E-B -[E O t
She has been here for the (last) past two
months.
? She has been here since February end.
8. [ v-h ?
(future)?
9. O - -x? vo: -- t--[ --[
x 6 10. -p[ ?
Answers: I am a student Jp---[ ]-sx verb v3 E
] --T-h? ---
E-B E, t-]_, t-E , 1) Is he very tall?
Milk 'sold' here; Job work 'done' here;
O p- j English - 2) Is she beautiful?
'Spoken' English Institute -
verb
. am, is, are; was, were; shall be, 3) Will she be happy?
E ] --T-
v1 v3
will be \ E Ja x-[.
4) Were they honest?
ho N-J---.
j - Tx 5) Where are they now?
6) Where will you be tomorrow?
t, xLx
tall, short, fat, slim, happy, sad/sorrowful,
7) Are you sure that he is honest?
kind, cruel, good, bad, lazy, active, patient, :
clever/intelligent/wise, foolish, talkative,
8) Will he be careful?
9) Were you happy?
1. verb v3
past participle: done, spo-
reserved, honest, dishonest, reliable, unreli- ken, seen etc.
able
10) Was she fat once?
passive form
verb p[,
'be' form +
Tx , was, were. past participle.
... p[ am, is, are # C,
\--d--E English countables p F, F [Eo
'Milk sold here'
'Milk is sold here'
. p--E have been, has been [.
short form.
\[
: man, book, student, pen, town, village I, we, you, they have; he, she, it India has been independent for the past
verb 'is (be form) + sold (past par-
n t--[-C.
etc. has [. (last) 57 years.
ticiple of sell)'
O singular, plural . O 1. [ x v \[ o[. 'Job work done here' 'Job
singular ] p[ 'a' F, 'an' F
India has been independent since 1947.
for the past (last), since work is done here' E n.is done,
-C h---L.
He was here four years ago.
2. [ p--\[ o[. u. C u [. (passive) --[ E.(is - be
I am a student. He is here. ]_ Eo \[ C. form + done - past participle).
n ,
He is an engineer. 3. [ --x \ o[. Durga was here yesterday.
2. past participle (p.p.)
E.
She is a doctor. He has been here for the past four years. ]_ p[ \[ C. \[
She is an eye surgeon. 4. [ V- [ C. Durga is here.
eg: The man seen here every day -
[- uh. #--
He is an uncle of mine. It has been very hot for the past two days. ]_ Eo # \ C. torn paper -
5. 1947 # y-v C. Durga has been here since yesterday. T.
spoken english
x-[- Tx E n.
O ! India has been independent since x o \[o?
u W x -
p Tx O 6. -x j]-- o.
1947 (for the past 57 years) Where were they the day before?
} p-\[o? passive voice [.
p Tx, vA\, [, We have been in Hyderabad for the Where are they? t, o [--? !
x o # \-[-o? #-[f T E .
# a. past ten years (since 1995)
>[, j]82
Where have they been since the day #E-T T .
email: pratibha@ eenadu.net
I [- v 24 W 2005
}
A Mother (countable singular) loves her child.
We play waste
h. You walk use f) Uncountable ] a F an F p[ 3. Our classes (They) begin / start at 10 a.m.
(They) cook forget Sx -J 1st RDW (1st Regular doing 5. My father (He) returns / comes back home
} walks) J-Q-Ll.
7. My mother (She) takes coffee (every day).
x 7 Sarala (she) plays loves remembers
I, We, you, they 1st RDW;
It(n walks sleeps forgets
J---x) runs wastes he, she, it 2nd RDW L.
- L C [. OE J-Q-L-. [ Regular doing words v p-
I Regular Doing II Regular Doing , Eu J [
Words Words
a) Pens (They) write. Regular actions . p[ J -
A B A pen (It) writes. O [.
eat eats (eat+s) b) Wrist watches (They) show the time. 1) W J- Ev]--h.
take takes (take+s) A wrist watch (It) C regular action. d I get up at 6 a.m.
give gives (give+s) shows the time. \[ every day E p, p--- vo: Oxford advanced dictionary
wash washes (Wash+es) c) Doctors (They) treat . get 1st RDW regular C \ ho pronunciation letters
word
h. verbs
practice . 4) O-p[ u h. : Tx--E - (alphabet), Tx
A C [I Regular Doing Words
(p[ J--E). a-- a l--Eo- J-. ]-
(I RDWs)], I, We, you and they [. B
COUNTABLES, UNCOUNTABLES You always come late. x pronunciation confusion. o
C - [II Regular Doing Words a) countables \ dN. 5) o- ] 9 ---- - Eo l- #---E J-.
(Regular- vA-V). d --]-, [f o --
(II RDWs)] He, She, it [.
book, pen, teacher, boy, dog etc.
b) uncountables \-dEN. My father (He) starts for office at 9 a.m.
Eo l [-. -
I Eo l- h.
} E pLq - ].
milk, sugar, rice, water etc.
'v'E very l-E [-. --]-
(everyday
We
c) countables v singular (),
You like milk
( \) .
starts regular)
o v = E but, shut, cut x
My parents
plural
book (singular) books (plural)
6) t [-C (p[). a l-E [-. but- DE pronunci-
(They)
pen (singular) pens (plural)
My mother (She) cooks for us. ation, dictionary C. bt; cut =
7) 1st show -- v -C kt etc. {-vF key to Pronunciation
}
My father (he)
teacher (singular) teachers (plural)
My mother (she) likes milk (W ). h h l-E C N-
The Cat (it)
boy (singular)
boys (plural)
[]. The 1st show (It) starts at 6.15 p.m. C. -- pronunciation
casettes, CDs ----[-.
d) uncountables plural milks, sug-
j N] A group C Verbs, B ars, rices .
group C verbs p. vo: p-j -J O] h
eg: [
e) Very Important: countable singulars
( \-dN -Eo, JE J# O ! [-C E p--E Tx- --
p--p[) ] p[ 'a' F p Tx O i proverb L---.
} }
I He
We drink coffee She drinks coffee 'an' F -Lq. p Tx, vA\, [, . --, t-[.
You It eg:
# a.
>[, j]82 : O-o--E --i proverb D
They 1) A doctor treats patients (doctor - English ].
email: pratibha@ eenadu.net
I [- C 26 W 2005
4. Tx . 3. x [?
Tx L-]. How do they sing? (How = ?)
O Tx ? Ans: [.
5. x C-h. They sing well
x C-. 4. O-] p[ -u h?
x C-h? Why do you always come late?
6. Tx E- h. Ans: I miss the bus.
Tx E- [. 5. O -- p[ l?
O Tx E- h? (W)
7. \[ dx j]u h. When do you start for college? (every
(j]u [ = treat) day)
\[ dx j]u . Ans: I start at 9 AM.
Ramu: Do you know Mr. venu? They know English. \[ dx j]u h? 6. ] j d h?
(F ?) x Tx L-]. 8. x -h. Why do you waste time?
Vasu: Of course, I know him. They do not know English. x -. Ans: d -[-].
( ) x Tx ? x -h? I do not waste time.
Ramu: How do you know him?
( F ?)
Do they know English?
hC Answers: C questions English practice
Vasu: We work in the same department.
(Question Structure
p[ ])
'verb'
1. They come here daily. .
But he works in another section. 2. y-[ -u h. They do not come here daily. 1. x W \- ] h?
( -d-x \ ho. You always come late. Do they come here daily? 2. O Eo E---] h?
F {x E--h[) y-p[ -u . (not) 2. You meet him every day. 3. O - h---\[ ?
Ramu: Which section does he work in? You do not come late. You do not meet him every day. 4. x vA ]--?
( {x E h[?) y-[ -u h? Do you meet him everyday? 5. p # O -?
Vasu: Why do you want to know all this? Do you always come late? 3. We sing well. 6. O -C-h?
(y N- ] ---- 7. x W \- p--h?
----o?) 8. vA C- y--JE --?
j - -E-. Question do, 9. E- Fd?
does h-o. O [ ---[ 10. O K - - \[
English u. ?
Regular doing words (1st RDW, 2nd RDW) j questions vA--E --
- come, comes; go, goes- -N
not , d L ! .
question --p[ v-h L. Answers:
Txj d N 1. Why do they come here every day?
x -hC. Ans: They come here to see me.
vA W ] 2. Why do you watch so many movies?
NtC . Ans: I watch them because I like them.
I go to college at 9 AM. 3. o- - h. We do not sing well.
3. Where do you buy books usually?
] Nt-C- x - His friends help him. Do we sing well?
Ans: I buy them at that stall.
I do not (don't) go to college at 9 AM. o- - . 4. I know English.
4. What newspaper do they read?
vA V x o --. His friends do not help him. I do not know English.
Do you know English?
Ans: They read the Eenadu.
They meet me every day. 5. When do your holidays begin?
x --. 5. These teachers teach well.
These teachers do not teach well. Ans: They usually begin in April 3rd week.
They do not meet 6. How much do you earn?
Do these teachers teach well?
me every day.
--p[ (uA-
x 8 6. We watch English movies. Ans: Why do you want to know?
'not'
We do not watch English movies. (O-] --------o?)
- p--E),
question p[
o- - h? Do you watch English movies? 7. When do they come here every day?
Do his friends help him? 7. The doctors here treat well. Ans: They come here at 7 PM
1st RDW (come, go
The doctors here do not treat well.
N) 'do'
know = do know
Do the doctors here treat well?
8. Whom do you meet every sunday?
hC. come = do come
8. They act well.
Ans: I meet my friend.
help = do help
Eo u M. SURESAN
[ j ux -E-. They do not act well.
9. What kind of movies do you like?
Ans: I like suspense movies.
1) I go there every Sunday. C u- English practice Do they act well?
10. Where do you buy provisions usually?
a) I do not go there every Sunday. . English
what, where, when, which,
Ans: I buy them at that shop.
b) Do I go there every Sunday? 1. Rx-\- W h. whose, whom and why
questions
2) They speak Telugu. Rx\- W . [- ? OE .
O !
'wh' words
a) They do not speak Telugu. Rx-\- W h? O questions 'wh' questions.
b) Do they speak Telugu? 2. y E W --. 'wh' - 'wh' questions 1
(1) go not --p[ 1 (a) do y E W --.
st RDW do + 1 st RDW hC. p Tx O
go -C. Question 1 (b) do y E W ---? 1. O ? p Tx, vA\, [,
go -C. 3. [. What do you know? >[, j]82
(2) Speak not --p[ [. 2. O-\-[-? # a.
2(a), question 2(b) do speak - [-? Where do you live? email: pratibha@ eenadu.net
C.
3) We like mangoes vo: standard {vFE J ] -]. --p[ vu- {vF a -C-# N-
a) We do not like mangoes L? j Word y o Spellings E - . N
b) Do we like mangoes? Ad Y]lA L---. L. existence ] spelling Pronunciation
Key to dictionary entries -- existance E parts of speech
\[ like not F question N? A- ] Dictionary -]. parts of speech , -i
F --p[ do like [ -E- j, K-- --p[ a ] e vu-o- Print , -
Type C.
. -[ -A ]. -
d 1 RDW + not/?= do + 1st RDW. : Standard dictionary Word A--d Y ]lA C.
Parts of speech Noun, Verb
Eo #hC.
1st Regular Doing Words (come, Word A-d ]lA . v h--Eo d a Idiom a h,
go -N)E not question --
Alphabetical order refer [. y ] -[ -- Synonyms, antonyms
p[ do + 1st RDW -C. L_ refer - C C. L.
---L. ] vA @j o Lead Word ...C. OE Key to dictionary
C- not uA-, questions English alphabet v a-z
practice . Eo --... L-L. --L. entries N-J-h.
1. x Tx . Spelling d -L. N {vF NE--Eo u -
A ] Spelling #a-
Key to dictionary entries n - hC.
L L. - pLx p-
I [- 28 W 2005
questions --p[ do h-]E b) Mr Rao does not come here every day.
Does phC?
a) they do not come here every day. b) We do not watch TV for an hour every
b) Do they come here every day? morning.
2) You come here often. c) When do you watch the TV every day?
a) You do not come here often. 5. a) The paper comes every day at 6 AM.
b) Do you come here often? b) The paper does not come here at 6
p[2nd Regular Doing Words- AM.
comes, goes, walks, talks
verbs not c) When does the paper come?
F, question F p[
'does' 5. a) We get the paper at 6 AM
hC.2nd RDWs- he, she, it [. b) We do not get the paper at 6 AM
d
'does'
he, she, it --T- Q: Does (Sunil) find?
L. 4) goes (+ not) = does not go; b) - \- W . c) When do you get the paper?
1) Sunita (She) sings well. Q: Does (Sita) go? c) - \- W h? 6. a) They understand his teaching well.
2nd RDW
h--. 4. a) ] O h. b) They do not understand his teaching
a) Sunita does not sing well. takes = does take (with not/?) b) ] O [. well.
2nd RDW
c) O W O p[ h? c) How well do they understand his teach-
\[verb 'does sing' - not . comes = does come (with not/?)
writes = does write (with not/?) . W ] 6 hC.
5 a) ing?
b) Does Sunita sing well?
p[ C E . b) W ] 6 - ]. 7. a) You read the paper every day.
\[ verb 'does sing' - question . N
practice
-C-#- c) W Eo- hC? b) You do not read the paper everyday.
\[ sings + not/?
1st RDW, 2nd RDW
N. Eo ]sx 'do',J Eo 6. a) x ] n-C. c) What paper do you read everyday?
= does sing
]sx Lq C. v-h b) x ] n ]. 8. a) She goes to her friends' on Sundays.
sings not F, 'does'
c) x ]
question F -- nC?
b) She does not go to her friends' on
C. b) O W ]-.
c) How often does she go to her friends'?
9. a) She likes him.
2) Kumar (he) knows c) O W ]--?
9
8. a) C-- x vq
English.
x b) She does not like him.
a) Kumar does not
M. SURESAN -E# practice . C. c) Why does she like him so much?
b) C-- x vq x].
know English. 10. a) He goes to Vizag every week.
eg:
b) Does Kumar know English?
11 .. [--. c) x vq - - b) He does not go to Vizag every week.
(-E- !
knows + not/? = does know)
1. a)
I go to bed at 11 PM. C? c) Why does he go to Vizag every week?
3) Hari likes music.
b) 11 .. [-. 9. a) - d. 11. a) We take coffee.
a) Hari does not like music.
I do not go to bed at 11 PM. b) - d ]. b) We do not take coffee.
b) Does Hari like music?
O-Eo- [--? c) - ]- d? c) What do you take, coffee or tea?
'not' questions J-Eo
2nd RDWs
c)
10. a) vA- j [.
[. 2. a)
When do you go to bed?
[-C. b) vA- j x[.
1) works (+ not) = does not work;
Q: Does (he) work?
b)
Usha plays well.
[].
c) vA- j ] [?
11. a) B-.
O !
2) takes (+ not) = does not take;
Usha does not play well. b) B. p Tx O
Q: Does (she) take?
c) [-? c) O B-, ? p Tx, vA\, [,
3) finds (+ not) = does not find;
>[, j]82
# a.
Nq q Lq #a--p[ my book. simple present
present perfect email: pratibha@ eenadu.net
vo: v-h B--L. 5. I know (that) you stolen my book combination j--?
simple
1. I know you've stolen my book. yesterday. past past perfect j--? tion j-. O ] u .
uEo -a? 6. I knew that you had stolen my book
simple past simple past j-?
just I Know (simple present) you've stolen
2. I knew you had stolen my book. yesterday.
recent actions present perfect +
3. I Knew you stole my book j u ]-s L. present perfect j- N-J---.
(present perfect).
simple past, past perfect combination o
4. I have just Know (that) you've stolen u j- ? . , o-, o [, ] u d.
: I know you have stolen my book F h T-L--E . uEo -a u j-.
DE n y h -L--E \[ T-L--[ . L--[ I knew you had stolen my book. eg:
. . \[ [ past ], I have just noticed that he has not attend-
] T-L-#C LC I Knew you stole my book. y J- d knew, had ed class for the past two days.
p[. ]-sEo d DE n -a stolen L. have noticed, have attended [ pres-
I knew you had stolen my book. F - u p. Simple Present, Present perfect combina- ent perfect ! [ a.
I [- 30 W 2005
v p- J, -
N, 2nd RDW (Regular Doing
Words- comes, goes)
1st
RDW (Regular Doing Words- come, go)
N [.
1st
(Past Doing Word- PDW).
a-[, E-[[, EvC-[, --[, n
-[, [, [, ]l--[[,
a[, u [, -[, [[,
RDW
'not' E,
question F NvA B-[, E-[, ' [,
'do', 2nd RDW
'not' E,
question E [[, [ [, d[, E--[,
'does' hC E -o. [.
Ravi: Hello Ramana when did you return
from Vizag?
--o?
(, j # p[ AJ-- Let's go over what we've learnt so far.
a?) -- a--oC J l.
Ramana: I returned yesterday. am, is, are; was, were; have/has been; shall
(Eo AJ--a.) be/will be;1st Regular Doing Words (go, h @. come - came
Ravi: Why did you go to Vizag? come, walk
verbs), 2nd Regular Doing The pages of the book (book's- [--[]) like - liked
(j ] x?) Words (goes, comes, walks
verbs) x. talk - talked
Ramana: I went there to attend a marriage O 'not' ,
question
do, does [[ legs of the table (table's p) smell - smelt
the day before. --o. -Doors of the house. kill - killed
( Rx --u-] o p[ OE -E-. --v
Wheels of the car. etc.
\- x.) -J/---JC = whose p[ - [. OE j L- past actions [.
Ravi: How did the marriage go off? -J-E/---J = whom Ramu: I went to my uncle's place last p[ [.
(Rx J-TC?) a) Whose book is this? evening. 1) He comes on time everyday, but he came
Ramana: Oh, it went off very well. late yesterday.
(Rx J-TC.) (vAW j h[, Eo -u
j - -E-. return a[ yesterday - came)
before)
p[(yesterday, day before)
.
(yester-
day), went (day before), went (also day
Fo J-T .
J
past actions ( J-T-- -
V, , -q E #a L---
p[) verb - past doing word. C
u [.
A
1) He comes here every day.
of 2) My mother goes to bed early (regular-
goes). She went late to bed yesterday
(yesterday
went).
E j o d
3) India became independent in 1947.
( 1947 yv uC.)
4) The movie flopped on the first day of its
release last week (flopped - last week).
5) She passed Intermediate 2 years ago.
] #a I & II Regular Doing Words
(vA-W) regular action C J h? (Eo v u past formsp.
2) I go to movies every sunday. b) Whose is this book? x.) eg: buy/buys (regular) - bought (past-
C regular d
'go' h -JC? Raghu: What was the matter? J-T--C)
B c) y -JE \ d--[-?A , B ? (]?) sing/sings (regular) - sang (past- [[
1) He came here yesterday. Whom do you like more, A or B? Ramu: My cousin returned from the states --C)
( Eo a[) the day before. He wanted to see OE vd .
(past action , Eo ? Eo E j me. A[ (Regular), [, [-[, a-[,
o d came) (o x-s -J # [, x[[, [, [[, d[,
2) He went to a movie last night. AJ--a[. o ----- [, ][, [
C Eo vA j x 10 o[.) Answers:
J-T-]E o d went. Raghu: I tried to get you over phone this eat/eats - ate;
C d [. morning; but your people told me buy/buys - bought;
e) ? p.) talk/talks
shout/shouts
-
-
talked;
shouted;
Whom does she know? Ramu: Yes, I spent the whole of last night
I RDW II RDW ;
my- mine- C. at my uncle's.
weep/weeps - wept;
(I, We, You & they) (He, She & It) a)C . M. SURESAN (. Eo v u build/builds - built;
x- o.)
drink/drinks - drank;
go goes This is my pen.
move/moves - moved;
see sees b) C. - J-Q-Lh J L- change/changes - changed.
come comes This pen is mine. - J-T --- J# x--
know knows our - ;
ours - C x -hC. verbs: went (last evening),
tell tells your- F/O returned (the day before), wanted (after he
teach teaches yours- FC/-OC came), tried (this morning), told (this morn-
write writes This is my book; Where is yours? OE
ing). went, returned, wanted, tried, told -
sing sings (C h; F-\[?) - .
past tense past
keep keeps his- -E/---EC; verbs- Past Doing Words.
learn learns her- \ OE u J-T , V, vo: present tense, past tense, future
walk walks hers- C -q, j E L---p[ tense N], x -
Past actions, Time stated
her E n C. [. -T- N-J---.
( j J-T-N) This is Ramesh's shirt. I met him yesterday. . , ]l-
C \. -C, - C (Eo E ---o)
Past Doing Words
E L----E 's (Apostrophe- s) : Tx x--] tenses x -
went saw
[.
They lost a lot of money last year.
---Lq - ]. Time of action (E-
( -q x [s -d- -J ) d -Lq verb (verb
came knew
o J ]h. -o)
told taught form) -- . p QJ{-
wrote sang
My father's cloths.
t j L- past actions ( J- #a -Fo tense -C-#-. E
kept learnt T -) past doing words (past sim- vd .
ple ) L--L. past doing words (past
My mother's jewels
walked
J E E, -J C E F p--E : (W 28) Q&A
C n a English verbs , English 's (apostrophe- s) [.
simple) --- vJ# voE u
Regular Doing Words, Past Doing Words
v E ---i C --E 's go - went jC ]. u L
practice . [. E ] 'of' [. see - saw I have known (that) you've stolen my
eg: A[
eat (I RDW), eats (II RDW), ate write - wrote book.
I [- E 2 Vj 2005
( L]. F [ - x[/ -N-
E O o-[--.) x[/urgent Ej [.
Sridhar: How about a movie tomorrow? Will
Do you?
Hurry up, please = y F.
you be free? Why are you in a hurry?
( E ? y ]- ] F?/--] [--o?
S?) hurry(J) = ]
!
Srikanth: I will be away tomorrow. I will be Crawl (v) = [
free the day after tomorrow. u x E -, K \
( -[. x S xo v, x N, [-E x
.) x [, x, x
j - -E-. Eo creep (v-vq, vd) .
Time d verb forms ? [ L E- ][.
C - O friends F, O - not in a good condition / is in a bad [ Do you not watch / Don't you Creep--u, -- ]-[
-J x--J--j practice . p--- condition. I want to return it. watch? n C.
Spoken English Columns #a Ramesh: What's (=What is) wrong with the Naresh: Do you? = worry (J);
N- O follow , - book? \[ Do you watch movies E Jh [-[ =amble ()
O . ( C x ] OO (What's wrong- C Tx- y---- Lq - ]. / Do you sea a lot? (camp am -L)
friends x practice .) Ramesh: Oh, yes. I ]-- = haste (d)
Ramesh: o? watch at least
Naresh: o, uu. PRONUNCIATION GUIDE
y one movie a
o?
Ramesh: o. uu.
x 11 week. / I watch
movies at least
1) English hitting, betting, selling, hum-
ming, cunning - a [--
p[ \-[-o? once a week. - -L.
Naresh: h- ]l Eo h- [ n: -?, ?, \[ O - hitting =
o. J p--o?) --L-T Oh, yes, I M. SURESAN betting =
]. Eo AJT a--E -- Naresh: Some pages are missing. do. At least once a weak. selling = L
o. Ramesh: Didn't you (did you not) notice it E clipped sentences (C-# u) [- humming = N
Ramesh: h- ? this morning when you bought it? a. I do= I watch. cunning = E,
Naresh: Eo @ . -u -C [ -E, pur- Naresh: Tomorrow is/will be a holiday for (d, d, Lx etc [])
Ramesh: ] o-[ -E--? chase(s) past doing word 'purchased' [- us. My cousin Jagadish also will 2) Looked, booked, talked, pressed, jumped
Naresh: Cl ]- o! - C u. ---- be here tomorrow. Where will you - - x #J 'ed'E t -L.
Ramesh: F h- C --? E, -, buy, buys, bought etc. d. - be? Looked= Lookt; talked=talkt etc.
Naresh: \ ]--. ]- -] purchase [-a. Ramesh: I don't (do not) know. Why do you
h.
Ramesh: E- [?
I have a few purchases to make.
Eo h- - L.
want to know?
Naresh: I wish to/want to invite you to my
O !
Naresh: y h? Oj buy, buys, bought [. - place. p Tx O
Ramesh: . F -E--J. C. . -- Spoken English p Tx, vA\, [,
Naresh: (tomorrow begin Naresh: I was in a little hurry -o Cl -- ---- >[, j]82
# a.
email: pratibha@ eenadu.net
vo: 'She has had this job for the last 'She has been this job for the last one year v's' / 'es' h.
one year' , 'She has been this job u d ]. She has been in this vo: E -h. DEE Tx- : I got married, I was married [
for the last one year' [ job L (in L). ? d. n v Cl C.
u N? vo: Simple present tense subject's . v, [ got married = x-C ( V,
I
N--t, N--[ singular o-p[ verb 's' E, : I will make him / her / them / you -q C- N- ]-sEo d
'es'E -h. Subject - 'I' o- do it. clear ).
: 'She has had this job for the last
one year' She has been in this job
p[ verb 's', 'es' a--]? vo: I got married, I was married Ex: I got married (on Monday last/ last
. --], Cl--E-
o, year / in 2004 / 22nd June etc.)
for the last one year' o n . [ u j--? ]-
u -q- ]E : Simple present Singular sub- s uEo --T- I was married = DE n p-
---E [.
Raghu: Does she draw so well?
Let's (= let us) see what it is.
(
l/[F) Ramu: She draws very well. She got even
Exercise -1: a prize last week.
C u-xE subject
, He/she/It (even a prize = -A )
sen- Raghu: Where did she learn it?
n !
Ja, ] T p N
tence practice
. Ramu: She learnt it on her own.
eg:
(on her own = , on my own =
I know the subject well.
-- , on their own = x x,
( bd ) on his own = -- )
\ subject 'I'. I ], He/She (\[ Sx draw B-.
it j n ] d C--.)
- j Shravan , Anjali DE [ n --o .
3) draw = j \-j regular supply
---. p[ I know the subject well
u He/She/Shravan/Anjali knows the ][.
subject well. -C. (O E----h?) ject? - B--.
13. What do they think of this plan? ( ]-JC. sentences I draw milk from this booth.
eg2:
(x ] J# ----o?) subject Ja [) People of this area draw milk from this
These books give a lot of information.
14. What do they do in the evenings? Praveen: It helps us to know when to use booth.
the 1st RDW- Regular Doing
( h- --Eo h.)
4) draw= bank # t B--[.
sentence subject 'These books'. Words (come,
'These books' ] He/She/J He drew Rs. 5000 from the bank.
go N),
j(Ramu/Sita) / this book/it, subject withdraw E -a.
2nd RDW
5) draw=
x 12
(comes, goes
][
These books give a lot of information Freedom fighters drew inspiration from
do,
N),
Gandhi.
does.
u
He/She/Ram/Sita/This book/ It gives a lot of yvu ---] D # pJh
(x -v h?) (N 1st RDW, 2nd RDW,
information -C.
sentence sub-
15. Do you like tea? What do they prefer, cof- do, does N --- M. SURESAN .
p[ \[ #a Eo E fee or tea? -E -[) pron: Inspiration -p--- = pJh
ject He/She/It/Any name
C vd . 6) - ][ = draw information
( uh -, (F d? x C \ d,
practice
h -) d . The police were unable to draw informa-
: 'pron' pronunciation E.
?)
Answers:
--x [ [. tion from the accused.
1. I think I am right. turn on the tap/turn the tap on= ]-[
1. He/She/any name thinks he/she is right. (M- EC- # - ]-
turn off the tap/turn the tap off= d-
( j ---o). 2. He/She/any name helps their/his/her / -d----.)
2. They help their father quite often. father quite often.
[
Ram: Turn on the tap please, I need some accused (ud) = EC-[ (d J-).
(x x o ---[-.) 3. My dog/It/He/She often troubles my/ his/
pron: often -/--d water.
her neighbours.
3. My dogs often trouble my neighbours. 4. He/ She/any name goes to temple on fri-
(h Ap. Fx L.)
Shyam: As soon as you draw enough water,
( \ x days.
please turn it off. Don't waste water.
sC [--.) 5. He/ She/ A good child/ It/ any name obeys
\[ subject 'My dogs' - DEo O his/her/its/ any name's parent.
(O -Lq-Eo Fx Bo -
His/Her/any name d p. 'My dog' 6. Does a snake/It lay eggs?
-. Fx ' -.)
p. 7. This hotel/It does good business.
\[ draw [.
4. I go to temple on fridays. 8. Why does a student waste his/her/any
draw:
1) Fx N [[, ][
vo: W 24 vA p Tx Q&A QJ{-
5. Good children always obey their parents. name's time? . --, t-[ #
9. How well he/she /any name/ It We draw water from the tap/ the well/ the
parents
(Cl---j x x N- ( p-j -J O
.) ) swims? river etc., [-C u-E --i eng-
pron: obey = -- [[, 10. Does he/she/any name look ill? 2) draw n -]-J . lish proverb p-E -.
N[, N- LT 11. Where does he/she/any name work? t [. E j proverb ]E p. F
12. Does he/she/any name go to movies Bapu draws beautiful pictures n saying C ?
O !
often? ( ]-i t Uh) 'All lay loads on a willing horse'
13. What does he/she/any name think of this 1st RDW= draw, 2nd RDW = draws, Past
. E N, o
Doing Word = drew.
p Tx O plan?
p Tx, vA\, [,
14. What does he/she/any name do in the C - English vd . : . Thank you very much E
>[, j]82.
evenings? : t U--? N. One is never too old to learn (
# a. 15. Does he/she/any name like tea? What :
: Uh?
j ----Lq-N )
does he/she prefer?
email: pratibha@ eenadu.net C p[ d.
I [- ] 6 Vj 2005
Jh.... p\x]!
-\--]. ]]'d C ) 9)
NJ. Sx # -]
C u Tx- vd . Taruni:O O J-q h?
eg: Sania: h-/--[.
1) Taruni:N h .
Pavan: Eo O ---C? Sania: -/-] ('are' [)
([ happen. what, who y Eo 10)
]sx questions 'do', 'does', 'did' Bhaskar: Rx-\[ -x? (were [)
. eg: O--J-a h? Who Bhanu: -/-] (were L)
gave you the book?) 11)
(What happened to your car yes- Teacher: vo d?
5) OJ-p[ do, does, did, am, is, are etc...
terday?) Pupil: -/-] (is L)
Sekhar: Did you talk to Kalyan yesterday? [ C conversation English O
Prakash: C J T--C. Chandra: No, I didn't (= did not) Answers:
friends practice :
(It broke down yesterday.) No, I did not talk to him.
Jh Lq E-
- break
(, v E-----[ C --- [. 1)
]. Krishna: O D ? Pratima: Do you speak Tamil?
down) 6)
Pavan: (Do you know Hindi?) Pratibha: Yes, I do / No, I don't.
C T---? Mallik: Do you like cricket?
(Does it break down frequently?) Srinivas: M] 2)
Prakash: -]. Eo v o- (No, I don't)/ Janaki: Does Venu like Tennis?
x T--C. (yes, I do). Jayanthi: Yes, he does / No, he doesn't.
(No, it doesn't (does not)). 1) 3)
Pratima:
x 13
No clear
T--a. , O N Shyam: I want to become the CM
No, it doesn't
. x--? Sundar: Oh, do you? Is that enough?
Pratibha: x-[--/- 4)
No it doesn't breakdown frequently E Jh
pLq E-]. Madhav: No, I don't (= do not)
-x-[. Prabhat: Kamal left for/went to Mumbai
2) yesterday
2) I don't like cricket M. SURESAN
E Jh -\--]. Janaki: E Praveen: Did he? Why?
Pradeep: Sreenivas sings well.
C conversation J-Q-L-. Do, does d?(like [) 5)
(XE- [-[). did am, is, are, was, were xh Jayanthi:
Prasanth: Does he?
d-/-] Sukumar: Our city is the best in A.P.
responses y-a. 3) Suman: Oh, is it? which city is it?
(-?/--[-?) 1) Shyam:
\[ does he sing so well E Jh u-vAE ---- Sukumar: Vijayawada
Padma: Are you a teacher? o. Suman: I don't know whether it is the
Lq E-]. Sundar:
3)
(O ?) ? C ? best, but I know it is one of the
Prakash: Yes I am. 4)
Vinai: She scored the highest marks in last
() hottest places.
Yes, I am a teacher Prabhat: (go /
6)
week's exam.
-\--]. Eo x[
2) leave [)
( K- ]J o Madan: You seem/appear to be a good fel-
Sita: Is Uma a good singer? Praveen: ? ]?
\ \ a.) low
Alivelu: No, she isn't (= is not) 5)
Varun: Did she? Manoj: Do I? That's because of your good-
( ]) Sukumar: v]-v- h
(\[ Did she score... E ness.
Jh Lq - ].) 3) pC (best [) 7)
Ramesh: Are you students? Suman: ? C?
, ] do, does, did Jagan & Naresh: No, we aren't/yes, we are Sukumar: N--[
Mukund: Are they Indians?
Murari: No, they aren't / yes, they are
8)
vo: ] First, second, next : ] u d ]. was
'Best' : This stone was laid by somebody Nelson: Are these books your's?
--T--a? y, 'be' form y , do, \[ stone -C-. , Neeraj: Yes, they are all mine / No,they
>.N.-X-N, ---- go, come, walk 1st RDW (1st Dams, GLf-q- Et- v-G--- aren't. (= are not)
Regular Doing Words) . \[ was p[ VIP -C- [ / -n-
: 'First best' E . ]-, do C English ]. u 'What [.
9)
Taruni: Do you watch TV serials?
'best' first C. next best, did he do?' d. \[ verb: did do = did. The CM laid the foundation stone for the Sania: Yes, I do / No, I don't (=do not)
second best, third best... -a. Answer: He played / sang; He did not do bridge. Taruni: Are they interesting?
vo: Interrogative sentences helping anything a. (u-vA - -C- / Sania: Yes, they are / No, they aren't
verbs --T---p[ was vo: This stone was laid by somebody -n- .) 10)
did ]-sx L? u 'laid' J# N-J--- lie (present tense) (]l p[), lied (past Bhaskar: Were they here?
C ux C j- -. . lying , lie verbs tense), lied (past participle).
Bhanu: Yes, they were / No, they weren't
1) What was he do? , laid verb present, past, lie (present) ([--[, NvA B-- 11)
2) What did he do? past participle -. lay (past), laim(past participle).
Teacher: Is this question difficult?
[...),
.-j.., q-d- X, v- lay (present)
([, [x--d[, -n- Pupil: Yes, it is / No it isn't
[), laid (past), laid (past participle).
I [- v 8 Vj 2005
F...F... h F!!
a? Who did give you? .) Rahim: No. It doesn't usually. Only yester-
2) x xF.
Let them go
3) o x-[F.
Venkat: Someone wants to see you. Let me talk
( NtLo -----o.) 4) N-[ [F.
Venu: Let him come in. (-L t-.) Let her sing
Venkat: He wants to talk you sir. 5) o NF.
(- O x------o.) Let me hear M. SURESAN
Venu: Ok, what does he want to talk to me? III.
(, x----- Let n t-A-[ (allow)
-o?) 1) Sx E \- F-
Venkat: I do not know.
- practice . day. I don't let him come here again.
( L-].) Ram: Who repaired it? 2)
Venu: Ok, let him talk. First of all let him Ram: Eo J-TC? E j d Ey
Rahim: j T--C Rahim: A nearby mechanic. Don't let him waste time/ Let him not waste
come in.
(break down [.) Ram: Do you drive? time.
(, -E x-[-F-. ] Rahim: Oh, Yes, I do.
-L F-.) (break down , K, , j 3) DEo L-E-y
Ram: Have you/ Do you have a driver, or Don't let him know it / Let him not know it.
j -- let [ -E-. DEo v - T-[)
do you drive it yourself?
-- y---- [-. Ram: - T--? 4) N-[ E x[Ey
Rahim: ], ]. Eo v J-TC. Rahim: I don't have a driver. I drive it
English I RDW (Regular Doing Words- Don't let him talk to her.
Ram: myself.
go, come verbs) not questions
Eo J ? 5) E \[ [Ey
Rahim: ]_-x o -E. Ram: Do you drive well? / Are you good
p[ 'do'; II RDW (goes, comes Don't let him stay here/ Let him not stay
(nearby= ]_-o) at driving?
verbs) questions 'not' p[ Rahim: (Do you) Want to see how I drive? here.
Ram: y wj h?
'does'; Past Doing Words (PDW- went, came Come, let's have a ride. 6) x- x-[-Ey
Rahim: h.
verbs) 'not'
questions
We don't let children talk.
'did'
Ram: F wjo? y wj \[ 'let' --T# [.
p[ h-]E -o. u--Eo- let allow
E
what, who
Eo ]-sx do, does,
y h? ]-sx 'let' j E l
Rahim: wj [. wj h.
hC .
did N E -E-L. E #-[.
vo: Being -- passive will be your plan? am having, is having, are having N
vo: u- v- --J#
[ J- o[ E n. .
[. F He is being
voice vo: having ]-sx [- A[, B-[ nE [-.
u being N-]
difficult What will you be? ? ] #a--p[ verb LT [[ n [.
L-----.Actually Where will you be? past participle ? I am having a car A-
being y verb past participle What will your plan be? ---- N-J-. o- N-K-n hC.
L ! being ]-s How will your plan be? N--, C --E I have a car.
[- L-----. E vo u L. vo : I, We, You, They have o-- [,
. p- , o bd ] will be/ shall be/ can . He, She, It has . o.
My friend has a son and a daughter.
: He is being difficult-
be/ may be -[] ! F - a) I/We/You/My friends (they) have the
My friend is having a son and a daughter.
O p Tx book.
p[ u o[ E n. \[ -- What will be your b) My friend (He/She) has the book. a N-K-n x A-
'is being' p[ [[ (continu-
plan? E C p ! c) The fan (It) has three blades. o-E !
ous), is being y past participle d -x am having / is having /
p v v L--- have/has [ n:
C passive voice -C. are having [.
1. j -J [[ (LT [[).
--.
The letter is being written ([ I am having tea, because coffee is not
C I am/We are writing the letter pas- x-V 'd-U--b, E[-]- j ux have n . available. am having correct.
: What will be your plan? d.
\[
sive). is being \ difficult - 2. A[, [ () ( ] d --o)
L - N x O j-. what a) I have coffee in the mornings. She is having a beautiful necklace.
o-E n. v-G vo- Eo ]sx will be, ( ] B--.) C j [. ]-. x-
I am being good to you. shall be L h. N 'what ques- b) My mother has breakfast at 8 AM. A]. d she has a beautiful
F x # -o (p[). tions' v. What will your (t ] E-N-C- v-d necklace L.having C# JEo
He is being harsh. plan be? [ d. \- What hC.) N ux Jal.
I [- C 10 Vj 2005
JTO.. EO!
How did he sing? c) y p[ --o? b) I did not meet her four years ago.
p[ [? d) p[ F pC? c) When did you meet her?
When did he sing? e) p[ F o p? d) What did she tell you / say to you then?
e) Did she tell you / say anything to you?
7. a) We made all these ready yesterday.
b) We did not make all these ready yes-
terday.
c) Did you make all
these ready yes-
terday?
d) Why didn't you
(did you not / did
not you) make all
these ready yes-
d h----Lq N 7. a) Eo Fo ]l . terday? M. SURESAN
Past Doing Word (past simple form) not b) Eo- Fo ]l -]. e) Why did you
E, question F did + 1st Regular c) O Eo- Fo ]l ? make all these ready yesterday?
Doing Word -C. d) O Eo- Fo ] ]l - 8. a) I studied in Nellore last year.
He sang well yesterday. ]? b) I did not study in Nellore last year.
How about you? a) He did not sing well yesterday. e) O Eo- Fo ] ]l c) Where did you study?
b) Did he sing well yesterday? ? d) Did you study in Nellore?
sang + not/? = did sing 8. a) -q x- C-. 9. a) I went to a movie yesterday.
Murali: I had a call from home. My C u Tx- practice . b) I did not go to a movie yesterday.
b) -q x- ]--
mother wanted me immediate- eg: Eo \- a[. c) Did you go to a movie yesterday?
].
ly. So I rushed home. He came here yesterday. d) Did I go to a movie yesterday?
c) y \[ C-?
( # #aC. d) y x- C-? e) Why did you go to a movie yesterday?
t o tC. 9. a) Eo E x. f) Which movie did I go to, yesterday?
-- --x.) b) Eo E- x-]. 10. a) Hemant bought a car last week.
Sravanthi: I stayed at with my friend
x 15 c) y Eo E x? b) Hemant did not buy a car last week.
Sudha till 7 PM. c) Did Hemant buy a car last week?
d) Eo E x?
( o-- ] vA 7 e) Eo y E- ]--x? d) Which car did Hemant buy (last week)?
\- o.) Eo \- ]. f) Eo E x? d past actions, time stated (j L,
conversation verbs- saw, had, want- He did not come here yesterday. 10. a) o[. J-T) Past Doing Word (came,
ed, rushed and stayed. Questions #a- sang, wrote N) [. -E
Eo \- a? b) -].
-p[ did see, did talk [ -E-. Did he come here yesterday? c) o? questions did + 1st Regular Doing Word
verbs Past Doing Words . N 1. a) -J RxC. d) o[? [.
L- - ( V, b) - -J x-]. Answers:
-q, , C- N-) c) J Rx?
J-T - J# -. E 2. a) -q vU Jh--[. 1. a) She went to / left for the US last Week.
Sx J h--a-. b) -q vU Jh - b) She did not go to / leave for the US last
Past doing Words J-Eo --- ]. Week.
[. c) vU p[ Jh--[? c) Did she go to / leave for the US?
Regular Doing Past Doing 2. a) He completed (his) degree last year.
vo:
3. a) -- ] C-
Words Words b) He did not complete (his) degree last Standard English v -
vu.
Come, Comes Came b) -- ] C- v year. v[- h E -
c) When did he complete (his) degree?
X], A-A
Sing, Sings Sang
L.
].
Like, Likes Liked c) -- ] C- v--- \[ 'Complete' ], 'take', 'pass'
practice
Talk, Talks Talked
:
.
pp number [ J ]. --
u?
Smell, Smells Smelt 4. a) Eo y E ---o. 3. a) The classes began at 10 AM.
b) The classes did not begin at 10 AM.
Vx x -] , STD
b) Eo y -E ---]. Trunk booking o-p[ #a
Regular Doing Words not questions c) Eo y -E ] -- c) Did the classes begin at 10 AM.?
uh (Particular Person -PP) call E
do, doesh. o? 4. a) You met him yesterday. G uh #a x . -
come - not / question do come 5. a) x \ a. b) You did not meet him yesterday. -- E ---E C
comes - not / question does come b) x \- ]. c) Why did you meet him yesterday? CONTACT NUMBER- O]
5. a) They came here last week. -- E n.
I [- 12 Vj 2005
[ n infinitive
Prasanthi: I called you yesterday to ask you
-[. (WWE wrestlers ). giant, gigantic
Want, wish, hope, expect, desire J-
for some books. Why is Prema in
Hyderabad now?
(Eo h- [--E Eo F
. v j]---
]-C?)
Preethi: To join a software institute here.
(\[ software institute --
E)
Prasanthi: Which institute does she want to
study in?
4) TE [--E Eo vA size
L verbs \ infinitive h - (, j-) o ]l E.
( d-u- ]----- x. His is a gigantic figure.
E n hC. 5) ]- [--E W s- Giant wheel
a) She wants to sing.
C?) (K ); --.
Preethi: I don't know. To learn software in
[. tortoise ().
(-E --C.)
some good place is all that she
6) v ]-[ chameleon
b) He wishes to go home.
--Lx (O-L-)
wants.
v d ]. dove/pigeon
( x-E ---o[.)
(M]. -Lq-]x 7) -] [- # parrot
# institute software [ ]. xx - x N domestic fowl.
a[) 8) [ Eo Jd--
j -- to see, to ask, to join, to learn x a---E
college x-].
o -E-.
Fo o? x 16 9) <--E
To y 1st Regular Doing Words (see, ask,
--?
join, learn) h-o . OE infinitives
10) F ]-[ d M. SURESAN
c) They hope to pass.
? (like
. (pass y-E/----E P-h-o.)
vo: p Tx ]- ,
English infinitive vu C.
[)
d) Kamala expects to get a prize.
Infinitive J-Eo ---
11) u h]E vO
to eat
(wj ]--E --C.) Ph?(hope, get) [. - - V J-T-.
[, (to write), A[ (to eat) etc ] h- - -C-#
to smoke
12) h --E Eo \- x?
infinitive L---hC. - present perfect tense
to buy
13) - ]--E ].
a) To sit in the class for five hours a day is L . O past tense a-
to sell etc. not a joke . Answers:
-N? Eo p-j J-
Infinitive [ n- [. j - 1) I want to go.
(] x a[ T N-- past tense L .
- O -E . ].) 2) She wishes to sing. u bought, didn't you ]-
3) Every student wants to join the best col- have bought, haven't you
C Vocabulary items O --x she bought the same necklace as hers. lege. present perfect --T a
(-o x \N[ o-] 4) I went to the hospital yesterday to see a
. --v]-Jh, -[
[ N-J---.
VOCABULARY
Bhaskar: Hi, Bhanu. What are you doing? -\- -o[ (p[).
( h-o) f) Are you threatening me?
Bhanu: Don't you see? I am preparing for o C-J-h-o? (p[).
an exam. g) She is not dancing well.
([[ ? K- v----o) u [ ] (p[).
Bhaskar: Oh, are you? Where is your h) Am I troubling you?
brother? NtLo sC [-o?
(, O v] \[?) (p[).
Bhanu: He is getting ready to go to college i) Why aren't they (are they not) coming?
( x--E ]l----o[) x-] [] (p[).
Bhaskar: And What about your parents? j) You are wasting time.
(J O Lx-]-v[ ?) y j ' h-o (p[).
Bhanu: They are watching the T.V. am + ing, is + ing, are + ing verbs p[
(x O ho.) Amala: I think she is going to make tea for b) \ a \- hC.
--o - [. C E us. I think my brother is watching an
'What about', 'How about' -? English G_- practice . My sister is coming here next week.
-] [-. practice . English movie. c)
Aruna: ! h-o? x [ [ Vx .
a) How about my money? Aruna: No. He is watching a Telugu serial. They are buying a car in two or three days.
Amala: vo- h-o.
[s -? Aruna: Eo disturb h-o? ui N d) a- -J -o[.
b) What about that book? Amala: ]. TV o disturb hC. 1. am + ing, is + ing, are + ing - verbs Sumanth is leaving for the US next month.
h -? Aruna: h-o? p[ --o - v [. (future will, shall
[-a. j
c) How about a movie this evening? Amala: t h]-. v pE, p[ J -, O #a L---p[, J--E #a-i--p[,
p[... !!
v E-? am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing \ [--
d) What about the dinner you promised me? .)
-h-o o N ? C E English practice .
j - are doing, am preparing, is a) [ \[ h-o[.
getting, are watching - verbs -E-. b) -- -l--o.
O : am + ... ing, is + ... ing, are + ...ing. c) a- -n d \[ [ u
form J-Eo verbs. [-C.
am studying / is studying / are studying d) a- h-o?
am walking / is walking / are walking Aruna: O brother h-o[. --, Regular Doing Words (go, goes, e) dE p[ qd h-o?
am singing / is singing / are singing Amala: [ ho? come, comes, sing, sings verbs) f) a- -\- x[ ]. j
am working / is working / are working Aruna: . O t p[ -C - v [. Every day, very often, fre- . (j = week after the next).
am + ing, is + ing, are + ing verb forms C. quent, rarely, never, once, twice, three g) vA vGbE v-G-h (inaugura-
(present continuous / present progressive Amala: d--E -]--. times etc., a day, a week, a month etc. tion).
tense ) p[ --o (I think begin ) broth- ( regularity E # - [[ h) E--Jq C Vx L N[-]
- L--h. er english movie ho[-. o.) hC (N[-] = release).
'I' am + ing, Aruna: ]. english movie [[ ]. 2. am + ing, is + ing, are + ing, j Lh i) x AJT h.
he, she ( j sin- serial h-o[. j) - --.
gular ), it ( hj, Answers:
Answers:
-j singular ) a) He is coming here tomorrow.
is + ing, Aruna: Hi, Amala, what are you doing?
Amala: I am writing answers to these ques- b) We are starting/leaving in half an hour.
plural subjects Eo-
, you are + tions. x 17 c) The Pak team is playing two matches here
next week.
Aruna: Am I disturbing you?
ing h. M. SURESAN d) Who is coming next week?
a) I am watching the T.V. Amala: Not at all. ( expression practice
O --x [. ], - j, V, , -q, e) When are you consulting the doctor?
O h-o (p[). Eo V, - N- Lh f) I am not going there next week. I am going
b) My mother is cooking. ], -] E n) The TV is dis-
turbing me.
-- - [-a. there the week after next.
t hC (p[). a) j]-- -o g) The minister is inaugurating the bridge
c) Kumar is not studying. Aruna: Who is watching the TV?
Amala: I think my mother is watching the TV
(I am leaving for Hyderabad tomorrow. tomorrow.
]-[ ] (p[).
Aruna: Your brother is also watching.
\[ tomorrow E p[ x future h) The University is releasing the results in
d) What is your father doing? action [-o. tomorrow - ' I
Amala: Is he also watching? ten days.
O o h-o (p[). am leaving for Hyderabad' p[ i) They are returning within a week.
e) Where is he going? Aruna: Yes, but your mother is going into
the kitchen.
o E n.) j) I am meeting the CM tomorrow.
vo: All India Radio News N-o-p[ Eo - L-. immediate measures are being taken up to provide drink- E Jh (said 'are
]), p[
ing water to the residents of Kurnool. being taken up' d.
C u-j -- Ba--. Direct speech inverted
1. The Nationalist Congress party headed by Mr. Sarad ---N-News reader ]--o - N
Indirect Speech. commas - verbs- say, tell,
Pawar complained that the congress is not consulting its J-T---. d C
is not consulting was not consult- ask, question E Reporting
constituent parties on important issues. ] u ]
ing will not support would not verbs . Inverted commas
2. The BJP president Mr. Venkaiah Naidu has said that BJP E, u ]
support measures are being taken up verbs Reported verbs .
will not support Congress at the centre. E, u
measure were being taken up Reporting verbs present tense
3. However, Miss Umabharati contradicted the rumour that ] E L .
News reader Indirect Indirect speech Reported
Ja--p[,
she is disobeying the party rules. ] ]--]? v h-x
Speech present continuous past verbs tense a--[].
4. The PM Vajpayee said only NDA can provide stability to E- v
continuous will + present verb would + present verb a) "They play well," says Ram to Rahim.
the country. ,
5. The TDP supremo Chandrababu Naidu said that only aL ! F News ] Ja ]-- n \[ Quotations o reporting
secular parties will play a major role in the elections. ]. ]- -- Ba--. verb 'says' present tense.
d
6. The Municipal Commissioner Mr. Raghu Rami reddy said -, v (x-Co) Quotations o reported verb
'play' tense a--[]. DE Indirect
speech-
: O sentences ]-C d- n hC. x O 'is disobeying' correct.
Ram says to (tells) Rahim that they play
'...complained that... is not consulting' Sentence No (2) d. \[ Sentence 4: '... only NDA could' E well.
reporting verb, 'has said' present perfect L. \[ '... only NDA can' p.
d ]. O #a j-. -- "They play well," said Ram to
\[ 'is' ], 'was' L. tense will
d, d. '...Naidu said' Sentence 5: '... Naidu said that only sec-
Rahim o sentence Reporting verb
complain --p y E v-Gh p['would' correct. ular parties will play' 'Would play'
p. 'said' past tense. p[ quotations
consult ---[ - Sentence No. 3: '... contradicted... dis- correct.
obeying'd ]. 'was obeying' E Sentence 6: '... Reddy said, ... are being
o play reported verb past tense
p[ a. _- p-E--J aL. DE Indirect
'complained' ] 'has com- L. Uma Bharathi has con- taken up' J-]. 'were being taken up'
speech-
plained' E h, 'is not consulting' - tradicted
E present perfect tense correct. \[ '...Reddy has said'
Ram told Rahim that they played well.
I [- E 16 Vj 2005
Mohan: Hi, Manoj, How are you getting Regular Doing words (1st RDWs- go, walk
along? verbs), 2nd Regular Doing Words (2nd
( , o?) RDWs- goes, walks verbs)
v p-
practice
C --J. [ J [. am+ing/ is+ing/
O --x are+ing p[ --o - [.
Manoj: Fine. Thank you. How are you? a) I take coffee (take 1st RDW).
( o. y o?) Regular-
( B-- vA-V
Mohan: Ok too. I am going to a movie. Why C -)
don't you come along? b) I am taking coffee.
( E-o. y (am + ing - p[ coffee B--
a !) o.)
Manoj: Like to. But I am going for a walk now. c) She goes to college at 10 AM.
(goes- 2nd RDW-
u
] 10 -
-- C W) magazine [) ]---o.
d) She is going to college. c) y-] j waste h? p--] Eo verbs am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing
(is going - is ing - + p[ -- h-o? [. am + ing/ are + ing/ is + ing -
-C.) d) vA V j y \----? verb op[ p[ --o
e) They come here on sundays. \ --o? - [. Eo verbs N-
(come - 1st RDW C vA C- e) u ]--? p[ u verbs p-E p[ --o E
Regular J-C C-- x \- ]---o? am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing forms [.
h.) f) - vA B A ? V ] ] Regular Doing Words (love,
f) They are coming. o (rice) A-o? loves, etc.) form .
(are + ing - x p[ h-o.) g) [ C-- vqE --[. V am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing from [E
English u. Regular ----o[.
p o...
actions am + ing, is + ing, are + ing verbs
h) p[ [-C. p[ verbs - -C-# N--
(present continuous tense) p[ . h v D [-C. L verbs-
C p. i) [. p[ --o[ 1) like(d--[[) -am liking, is liking, are lik-
h---L. ('take' [). ing [. N -Lq-- like, likes
Regular actions Regular Doing Words j) - x-[[. p[ [.
(come, comes, take, takes N) h. x-[--o[. Kumar likes that shirt very much .
coffee
E-p[ B---o \[ Answers: d--[[ pj Kumar is liking that
-[] d. a) He comes punctually (always/usually). He shirt .
a) Mr. Sen teaches English. 2) dislike (d----[)
is coming late only today.
English
(--p[ C-h[. They dislike his class.
b) They usually read India Today, but now
English lecturer/teacher
I am taking Coffee -
they are reading some
x x p[ d -
--L/--ya)
other magazine.
. are disliking, is disliking, am
disliking o forms . N-p. ]
This is the time when I go for walk c) Why do you waste
dislike, dislikes E .
every day. time? Why are you N Eo verbs, (am + ing, is + ing,
x 18
(- C. F p[ - wasting time? are + ing) [EN.
-o. W j - d) Where do you go at 3) love - love, loves, (am/ is/ are loving
) this time every day? ])
Mohan: Do you walk everyday along this b) Mr. Sen is teaching English Where are you going? 4) hate - hate, hates (am/ is/ are hating
road? English
M. SURESAN
( p[ --o[.) e) What news paper do ])
(V - h?) English u. you read? What news paper are you read- 5) hope - hope, hopes (am/ is/ are hoping
Manoj: No. Usually I walk along the college c) Dogs bark.
ing? ])
road, but now I am walking along (\ p[ -- C 6) want - want, wants (am/ is/ are wanting
f) You usually take chapathis at night. Why
this road because that road is under j.) are you taking rice (now)? ])
repair. d) Dogs are barking. 7) wish - wish, wishes (am/ is/ are wishing
g) He does not meet his friends on sundays,
(]. -- - (\ p[ ---o h-x, ])
but he is meeting them today.
-. -t- #a L) 8) desire - desire, desires (am/ is/ are desir-
C u- English G_- prac- h) She always sings Telugu songs, but she is
h-o.) ing ])
Mohan: So long ( bye O\ tice . now singing a Hindi song.
9) envy - envy, envies(am/ is/ are envying
) see you. (Sx --) a) p[ punctual h[. V i) He doesn't take (does not take) coffee. He ])
Manoj: Bye (j) v h -u h-o[. is taking it now. 10) feel (Eo ]-sx) feel, feels, (am/ is/
-- am going, go; walk, am b) - x -- ]--. j) He doesn't (does not) usually talk to her, are feeling]).
walking -E-. 1st V v u-@ (some other but he is talking to her.
vo: Eo #a [-] --E He when I ask him E p-a? AE -a. had : 'since' 'as' ] [-a.
She had not come
was not come yesterday -a? [-]. #a [-] ( had + pp forms - [ because [-a.
eaten, had come
Rx--p[ ]l - --p[). p[ ]-sEo vh -E-L. - ]-s ]-x/ --]-
--E Tx- He was not at E Jh [-] ( When I went for him, he was not at E n.
home, when I went for him E Rx--p[). home- d. He was not complet- vo: How long- -, How far-
. -T--p[ [ - Tx- ed the work o sentence d ]. ] uh
EE Jh [-] E p--E pL. E n ]. He had not completed o [ n a-
He was not completed the work yet . --, o
L. She had not completed L?
L. y ux DE J# J : -- v vx
: He was not come yesterday -d come L. N- C. t--- o-[?
'be' forms (am, is ,
]. Tx p[ AE [-], #a [] vo: Leave letter --p[ As I am . --yN, x-[
are , was, were, etc.) come, suffering from fever u as
: vo j u
y ( --p[).
go,1st Regular Doing Words . \[ --p[ When I looked ] since [-a? o o vo j English
dHe was not come He did not
p. for him/her - She had not eaten;
O-], -[, - ].
I [- 18 Vj 2005
Eox ]!!
are + ing form (present continuous) - 8) suppose = --[
E --o. --p- j -E 9) believe = t[ 4. h [ ]. (remem-
ing
verbs- like, wish N -, 10) imagine = -[ (--
am/ is/ are ber) [.
-C-# verbs Eo d,
5. Eo N Jao?
])
verbs am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing verbs Fo am + ing, is + ing, are
+ ing form (why v-G-)
[. ]-sx Regular Doing
6. -E y ] --E-h-o?
[.
Words (like, likes, wish, wishes, desire,
7. \[ ]--E[ ]. (feel like
x l ---o.
desires, envy, envies) [. They understand my words. (They are under-
standing my words = E--[)
verbs
8. [ o J n -[ ].
J-Eo ])
dislike, love, hate, hope, want, appreciate am/ is/ are understanding
9. p[ xE --?
].
admire
(J{-[), (a[) Eo ]- - hC.
He still remembers my name. (He is still (think [).
remembering my name 10. --]-J- pE ---o?
(suppose --T-.)
11. F v-h - a[ ]. (dislike
)
j list o
N verbs am [.)
+ ing, is + ing, are + ing 12. y t[ ? (believe/
form doubt) [)
13. y o ]d-[--o?
[.
vo: Simple present tense
a) Qo --h-
noun \ (prefer [)
14. F F JnA L[ ] (know --
o?
verb s L . DEo English
: Rama sells mangoes. M. SURESAN T-.)
15. - -J--x y-h-o?
? \[
God bless you , God blesses 'doubt' L . am doubting/ is
you L ! doubting/ are doubting 'doubt' Answers:
--,
.
question do
[y-, N--[ 1. He understands the lesson well.
L. L. d
sentence- 2. What does he think of himself? ( is think-
: simple present verb 's' aL. ing ] !)
d. "God bless you" sentence 3. Do you like (are you liking the coffee
)
statement ]. C 'May God bless you' in this restaurant?
D. DN---p[ 'May God bless you'
'May' C- 'God bless you' . x 19 4. I don't (= do not) remember (am not +
remembering his name.
p) Look at Leela's dress.
]-x \[ 'blesses' ]. 5. Why do you forget (are you forgetting ]) Isn't it really wonderful?
vo: Not bad very good E C. Do you doubt my character ?
(Are you doubting my character
things like this?
purchase = [
O not bad --] E ].) 6. Why do you doubt him?
b) O D ? 7. I do not feel like studying here.
( n purchase [ o 'buy' [
. - C d. Do you know Hindi? (Are you knowing - C).
.., T-u 8. He does not understand me properly.
9. Does she think of going home now?
purchase = o h
: 'Not bad' -] E n
].)
c) My important purchase this week is the TV.
[ on -[ ]. 10. Does he suppose that he is the greatest
]. Very good . He is not understanding me TV)
( o u-i h
-[]. of all?
vo: The E a-J-L. C ] am/ is/ are + understanding
]- 11. He doesn't (= does not) like your behav-
return = o h AJT y[
exchange =
E --. C --[? English He does
] d. -? iour.
o h a-[
replace =
.N. , -, Jq not understand (= understand + not) me. 12. Don't you (Do you not/ Do not you)
o h- E
d)
: ] DE J# W 16
y-----o? believe my words/ Do you doubt my
] x -
What do you think? words?
y[
v-J-# NJ. , , , (What are you thinking refund = x [s y[
.) 13. Why do you prefer coffee to tea? (prefer
durable = (h-) Eo o, Eo--
u N
, , , , , , , , y 'to' hC).
l v u English allow a discount = T_# t[;
14. You do not know your position.
] 'the' E C -. N verbs liking, loving, expensive = Kj
j p N- 15. Do Iraquis hate Americans?
] ] . thinking, understanding etc. 'ing' forms cheap =
The (C) apple, ant, egg, air, owl, umbrel-
VOCABULARY moderate (price) = --i (])
-C-# :
]-sEo d [-a.
cost = K], K-]-[
la etc.
The (]) tree, book, shop, college etc. [--[-EC: 'ing' forms ], am, is, Shopping
Ravi: Hi Pavan, what do I see in that glass belongs, comprises, needs, seems, consists
there? It appears to be some juice. of, live - OE- ]
( x E-h-o--N? verbs am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing
Wu C.) form [ (N L- ---
Pavan: Yea. The glass contains fresh lemon oC pj). j - -J v]l
juice. practice .
( ] Et- C.)
contain = x j [[
--o?
the jug contains milk = o - -C-# N-- L-
Ravi: A new bike is parked outside. Whose verbs (verbs expressing feelings and
is it? emotions).
( h j \ C. Cl, --- -C-# N-
-J-]C?) L verbs (verbs expressing actions of
Pavan: It belongs to Mahesh. He bought it the mind) p[ am + ing, is + ing, are + [-- verbs, am + ing/ is + Answers:
the day before. ing forms . E -Lq-- ing/ are + ing [-EN . J-Eo 1) Every one likes that movie (is liking ]).
verbs o. N- --- ] 2) He does not like these classes (is not lik-
(C -C. Eo--o[.) p[, Regular Doing Words (like, likes,
Belong = ][ C sentences english G_- practice ing
think, thinks) form [.
]).
3) Does she love him?
The house belongs to my uncle. [ verbs j p verbs .
(appear, belong, comprise, consist of, 1) vA-x E- d--[--o. I don't (do not) know that. But he loves
2) x d [-[-] (dis-
x -uC (- CC).
her.
Ravi: What's that fat book on the table? contain, live, need, seem) am + ing/
like [). Does she know that?
is + ing/ are + ing form
3) E vN-h?
( O] o ]l h . Who knows?
N?) Lq #a--p[ Regular Doing Words
4) What do you say?/ What are you saying?
... !
[. C sentences C L[ ]. [ v
Why don't you (do you not) understand
[Eo -E-. 'not' question
F, vN-h-o[.
me?
F do, does h-E ? N ?
Lakshmi: Hi, Ajitha, how are you? Lakshmi: Don't worry. It is only an ant.
( >, o?) (--[... C <!)
Ajitha: Fine, thank you. How are you? -- smell, taste, feel- verbs [
(o, y o?) -E-. see, hear, smell, taste, feel -
Lakshmi: OK. thank you. Do I smell some- Fo u-vC-- -C-#N. Hear
thing sweet? and see- [ verbs am + ing/ is + ing/
( o, - h- are + ing forms [. Eo ]-
oxC ]?) sx smell, taste, feel am + ing/ are +
Ajitha: That's right. You smell the jasmine ing form [.
spray I use.
(E! t vp
Eox Eo !
C.)
Lakshmi: Well, why have you brought me
here?
(\- o-] B--a?)
Ajitha: The coffee here tastes fine and
fresh.
a) smell h ho b) 'taste' N . h ( h v- N E-
n --p[ am smelling/ is N]-i #E hC n hC.)
smelling/ are smelling form [. taste, tastes . am tasting/ is iii) They feel quite at home in the new place.
The rose smells sweet. tasting/are tasting E . (They are feeling ])
(G - hC.) Biriyani serves here ( h v x O h E-
The rose is smelling sweet . tastes fine. [ ].)
jo p[ ho (\[ GuF # #- How are you feeling? C [-
N p- am smelling/ is smelling/ E-hC The biriyani is C o? n.
are smelling [. tasting fine ].) uvC N- -E--Lq
- -jo #- u-
-h-o-p[ am tast- i) am seeing/ is seeing/ are seeing [ (E-
ing, is tasting, are tast-
ing M. SURESAN -[ n)
x 22
d. am hearing/ is hearing/ are hearing ].
I am tasting the biriyani.
( GuFE # h-o.) N- am/ is/ are looking/ lis-
tening [.
She is smelling the flower in her hand. \[ am tasting d. ii) h ho is smelling/
Well, why have you brought me here? She is tasting the dish to see how good it is.
( A-E y hC.) are smeling ]. smell/ smells v.
C \[ d. d h ( ----E Eo h-o-p-j am smelling/ is
(\[ -C.) hC n is smelling/ are # hC). smelling/ are smelling correct.
Lakshmi: O, thank you (After a sip) I am c) 'feel' N . -A,
smelling ]. iii) h a # taste/ tastes
tasting real good coffee for the first j L-T--p[ feel/ feels v.
The spray smells fine. .is/ are tasting .
time in weeks. (( T) spray am feeling/ is feeling/ are feeling .
# hC n iv) 'feel' N- -, -A n
Eo y ]J The spray is smelling fine i) I feel the cold wind blowing on my face.
. ]. feel/ feels
am/ is/ are feeling
d.
# # h-o.) They are smelling the spray. ( OtC Oho xE LE --N- ].
Ajitha: Wait a minute. I feel some thing h-o.)
creeping up my arm. ([.
x vp h-o.
ii) She feels (is feeling ]) strange in this
N [[ n am/ is/ are
C d ]- [[ feeling [-a.
A O] -od E-hC.) d. new place.
vo: Give y[. Given y-- Past participles ] had given, have/ Fo be- forms.) h p[ v --C, preference 'more'
C.
[[. I have given a E has/ had h NN] ]-sx a, a, y--f[, etc. passive voice forms h. 'Suffering from' correct , English
n ( y--f E). F - a, a[, a n -- passive voice ]. [- a--[]. . -
x - J# p--p[ 'He has hC.have/has+ participle- J-T E He is seen here every day. J O] hC. English angry with
given' E a[ n j J-TC L---- hC. vA-V \[ [--[-[. (a person) . - N-x [-
[--o. C p ? y- I have given the book. He is given salary on the first of every month. d L. C \ English C-N
vA ] D @ y--[-[. hC.
vo: I am going to go I am going
-f[ E n?
-'g, j]-- He has given a lecture.
: English , o x,
-u a[. N?
`given' past participles con-
He is given Rs. 10000 every month. vA
--E, N--[
: 'I am going to go' x---o
. 10000 y--[-[ (- h).
fusing . `Given' C past partici- They are given. x y--[-.
ple. n y-- E. (y--[[ Children are given milk everyday. W x E, 'I am going' -o E.
]) L-y--[-. j E-----o-p[ going to do/ sing/
a) The book given to him.
- y-- h. vo: I give more prefer coffee than tea L. teach etc. [.
vo: 1. B---L/ B---
b) The man seen near the school.
F I give more prefer coffee to tea E o
seen past participle
(\[ school
n ]_ h a.
] ?
I am suffering from fever
2. v Ky h-
Past participle
[-- uh E. n ... (past- p[, V, j #aC p[ -L ( -L/
E --Jh C.) ]? I am suffering with fever - ).
] y[ v J-TC.) -[?
c) The book torn by the child. I, we you, they - have given.
, 'g, o-
u- Tx- pL.
he, she, it - has given. . ], -f
: I give more prefer coffee... sen-
( G[f #-- h)
d) The movie released yesterday. He has given.
tence J-].
:
(Eo N[-] -- E) a[ (y[ --C past, j 1. I should/ have to get/ have myself pho-
- . I prefer coffee to tea L I give prefer-
L--[ ]). tographed./ I got/ had myself photographed.
a) E #a h. 'given' past participles ] 'be' forms- ence to coffee over tea L.
b) school ]_ / E-# uh. (am, is, are, was, were, shall be, will be, have 1) prefer y p[ 'to' hC. 'than' ]. 2. I have to get the entry made/ recorded in my
service register (I got the entry made/
c) G[f # h. been, has been # be, been verbs
a 2) 'more preference' [ ]. ]- recorded in my service register).
d) Eo N[-] E .
I [- 26 Vj 2005
Raghu: Hi Pavan, you look dull. What's the I have (am having ]) a lot of work.
matter? b) - \[ ] 8 # v
( , [ o?) 6 [u C.
Pavan: I have a headache. I don't have (do Kumar has (is having ]) duty here from
not have) at home the tablets I usual- 8 AM - 6 PM.
ly take. 4. , -- p-p[ am/ is/
(--p C. - are having ].
- v x .) a) - [i v.
Raghu: Sorry to know that. Do you have that She has (is having ]) deep love for
novel with you? I mean the novel you him.
bought last week. b) d -- C.
( I have (am having ]) the hope I will A: o. ]?
K, ]-- y o F b) My friend is having a son and a daughter.
be selected.
LE: x -- yu
]_-?) ( v [, JE
Pavan: Sorry. I don't have it. Prakash took it 5.
from me yesterday. He has it now.
o tx E L---- A-o-[? C ] ? My friend C. J-y- d/-u
p[ am/ is/ are having ]. have/ has has a son and a daughter.)
( K, C ]_ ]. v Eo C.
v hC. c) Saritha is having a wonderful pair of ear Answers:
B--o[. C ]_ C.) a) --p C. rings. 1. I also have that book. Have you?/Do you
Raghu: I have no work today. So I want to I have a headache (am having ].) ( J ]-i N -- have it.
spend time reading the book. b) x. A-]? ] d She has a won- 2. Have you/Do you have any class now.
( E-]. h ]- She has jaundice (is having ]). derful pair of ear rings.) 3. Why are you having coffee now? You usu-
-l ---o.) c) -E C. C u- practice . (Eo- ally have tea.
Pavan: Go ahead. My brother has another He has (is having ]) a bad cold. have- correct form [). 4. (Over phone) Is it you? I am having lunch.
book with him. Take it. am having/ is having/ are having 1) ]_ h C. F ]_-? Please wait.
( E. v] ]_ []-T ]-s u 2) F pi x ?
\-E A-o
I want Mahesh's phone no. Do you have it?
h C. C B.) A[, [ N
I don't (do not) have it. Ramesh has it.
I don't (do not) have Ramesh's phone
number either.
(not o sentence
'also'
]. ]-E
'either.')
5. Isn't that sari nice/beautiful?
Then have it.
Raghu: Where is he? 1) E-p[ B--o (-- 3) ] B--o. -
I do not (don't) have/I
haven't (have not)
( \[?) o). y - ? the money now.
I am having coffee. 4) (x) y? B--o!
Pavan: He is having breakfast. Wait for a few 2) Rx-p[ h-o. h --
I have the money but
I don't (do not) like
minutes. They are having meals now.
3) T- --o[. that sari.
([ v-d ho[. ) L. F ]_
? 6. What do you have for
Raghu: Aren't (Are you not) having any? He is having a smoke. ]_ ]. ]_ C. breakfast usually.
(y O A?) (He is smoking ]) ]_ ]. I have mostly idles.
Pavan: I don't feel like, with this head ache.
( -p x A-E ])
am having/ is having/ are having- `bath' 5) < C ? Why are you having M. SURESAN
[-a. B\ dosa now?
This restaurant doesn't (does not) have a
-- -E---N? Eo- ]_ p[ [s-].
x p[ J E-j have/ has [[, ]_ [s C F, < a- good name for idles. It has a good name
Eo-x am having/ is having/ are having ]. for dosas.
[[. 'am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing' form 6) - ]l v-d I don't have (do not have)/ haven't (have
[E verbs have C. am B-? not) much knowledge of the restaurants
having/ is having/ are having form Eo ]-
here.
You are having a dosa now. How is it?
sx n-Eo-d [.
1. have/ has o u-i n LT
7. Ramu: How is that pup there?
Raghu: I have a pup at home. That's big-
[[.
I, we, you, they have.
He, she, it 'has'.
x 23 ger than this.
Ramu: Has it/Does it have a name?
I have a scooter.
Raghu: Yes. It has a beautiful name.
Ruby. Have you/Do you have any
\ C. \- x B
She has a lot of jewellry. J p--] A-o? pets at home?
Ramu: No.
o. d- x -[.
My friends (they) have bikes. -. 8. Suneel: Hasn't (has not) this building/
Doesn't (does not) this building
vq jq o. \ d-q J# L-
LT [[ n am having/ is hav- ]. have a beautiful/ grand appear-
ing/ are having . p[ y A-o . ance.
a) x ]i xC. C? Sukumar: I don't have/I haven't any doubt
They have a beautiful house. 7) : \[o \-x C? about it.
(They are having a beautiful house (\-x= Pup) Suneel: It has a beautiful portico, a bal-
])
b) This coffee has a fine taste. : x \-x C. C DE- cony, big windows and a
(is having
large/spacious hall.
# # C. ]) o ]lC.
c) - [-p- [x-o. She has a lot of jewellry : E ? Sukumar: If I have the money, I wish to buy
This city has wide roads. : E ]-i C. H. y this house.
(This city is having... a) o o h-o. h 9) Shalini: Where is Suneeta?
]) x j --o?
2. -, - o p-- . : ]. Santhi: She is having a bath.
p[ am/ is/ are having Have/ has
]. My father is having a bath. Please wait. 8) F: --E ]-i Shalini: Has Suneeta/ Does Suneeta
b) hC. appearance C ? have any friends in railway book-
v hC.
a) She has patience. She is having a shower. -: N ing?
( is having -E-am/ is/ are having from u Santhi: She has, but why?
p C.) ]. ].
b) The wife and husband have (are hav- A[, [ n- J-N. ]-E F: E ]-i Jd, \F, Shalini: I have an interview in Bangalore
ing a good understanding for am having/ is having/ are having N ]-
the day after tomorrow. I am hav-
]) ]l -, ]l o.
each other. sx N-K-n hC. eg: -: ]_ [s , x -E ing a problem/difficulty about
a) I am having a scooter. C. (have, wish [). reservation.
( u--h ]u # --
C.) ( sentence v a n, 9) LE: F \[? problem, difficulty am
A: o hC
- -
3. -o E J# p-] am/ is/ are \-E A-o E . -h having/is having/ are having
having [. --- ], d \[ p- LE: F- jy - vq - [a.
a) C. LqC I have a scooter.) j o?
I [- 28 Vj 2005
A J!
forms . shall, should, will, would, etc., c) The film will be released next week.
(verb- passive E a- N[-]
--[-C).
\ VI form of the verb v passive.
N forms Fo active voice. -
passive voice [ !
x t o [ .
d Rx h \[ t--[-
o. x They could be here yesterday itself.
\ 'be' o-p N 'be' forms o . spoken telugu passive voice [.
N h---L. English \
verb -, C She might be dangerous, etc.
V form (verb ) simple - C.
II form (verb )
English ].
( C -, was come, has going, conversational ease C.
}
have, has, had, shall have,
verbs d, E E [--o vo- 'be' form+ ...ing form verb, 'be' should have, will have,
English verb p[ j singu-
-Eo- lesson ----[-C. v-h lar forms L. -
j
form '...ing' form (going, coming, would have, can have, + past
]-, h--, practice , O O x-C sentence ]. x-
y j
singing, dancing etc., could have, may have, participle
-- [.)
-N) hC. p. p[ [
Kumar is writing. might have, must have, He was come.
Spoken English d-E--C, p verb: is (be form) + writing (ing form)] ought have, dare have \[ verb -yL?
D verb N--. She has been singing for the past one hour. need have was come - (was (be form) + come (1st
verb ? subject nAE verb- has been singing
\[ N be forms. Ox E \-j RDW)
has been ('be' form) + singing (ing)form 'been'o-p C 'be' form
-C. be form + 1st RDW-
verb sentences
j , 'be' form + ing form shall have been - C 'be' form. six forms of verb form
, ]. d
C . shall have -
C 'be' form
]. He was come- sentence ].
They could be going there. Past Participle (PP) ? was come = was (be
could be (be form) + going (ing form). (PP) form) + come (past par-
go went gone ticiple)
see saw seen be form + past participle
do did done C passive voice verb
x 24 like liked
talk talked
liked
talked
a
O a. \[
verb, V form have, has, had,
j -# u-i N come,
III form (verb ) shall have, should have, etc., go, walk, sit verbs M. SURESAN
\ past participle Jh combination- passive voice [].
Doing Words OE --E o verb -JE, EE E vo-- Answer
verb -C.
. eg: He has seen me. h passive C. Answer - pas-
1st Regular 2nd Regular Past verb: has seen - has + past participle (PP) sive [].
Doing word Doing word Doing Word She will have gone by then. They came yesterday.
come comes came verb: will have gone- will have + gone (PP) verb came.
\[ DE n a E. -
sing sings sang They should have done it. JE a? EE a? vo-
do does did should have done - should have + done (PP) 'Answer' ]. d O passive [].
talk talks talked N . He writes books 'writes' verb.
like
smell
likes
smells
liked
smelt
VI form (verb ) n h[ E. EE h[? h-
answer hC. DE passive p
Fine, thank you, How go your studies? h ! 'be' form + past participle
'be' form past participle
\ j
C. Books are written by him E pas-
sive p-a.
(state of being [[) F, subject Regular actions- v p- J - (PP)h C verb-C.
EE (action) F L--hC. I, we, you, they 1st Regular Doing
a) He was seen there yesterday.
Eg: He is here. word (1st RDW); He, She, It 2nd RDW
verb: was seen- was (be form) + seen
-E-\[ o[. [. Onot Questions
F, F (PP).
\[ verb 'is' [-Eo -C. 1st RDW 'do', 2nd RDW
'does'
b) The snake has been killed.
Sunitha works hard. [. N . Past verb: has been killed, has been (be form) +
Doing Word j J-T L- killed (PP).
vo: Were you there then yesterday?
F d E--hC.
\[ verb 'works' EE (action) -C - -actions Past
[. c) It can be done.
! Doing Word not
E F, Questions F verb: can be done- can be (be form) + done
Eo O p[ \[ o?
English verb #a-i did hC. C O . (PP)
-a?
) N. ---f, T]l-
o. h--. O O sentence d) He had been killed before he was thrown
IV form (verb on the railway track.
verb [- x (six
shall, will, should, would, verbs: had been killed - had been (be form) : -a.
}
forms) [-- O sen-
tence correct ]. [. can, could, may, might, + 1st RDW + killed (PP); vo: h--vA- -- E
was thrown- was (be form) + thrown (PP).
I form of the verb (verb ] )
must, need, ought, dare poet E -C-. poetess L
VI form of verb vu- C.
I shall go there tomorrow.
. -j-u, --
.
'be' forms verb form- 'be form + past participle'.
verb- shall go. verb PASSIVE VOICE
: English gender dif-
\[ DE
am, is, are, was, were, shall be, should be, shall + go (1st Regular Doing Word)
o p[
will be, would be, can be, could be, may be, C. verb- English passive voice
Srinu will help me. ference (L-]) -[ T_--C.
might be, must be, ought be, dare be, need verb: will help- will + help (1st RDW)
op[ - [ E n hC. poet v [[ -----C.
be a) He was seen here yesterday.
They can sing. p ] -o.
I [- E 30 Vj 2005
n ]!
last article, we have seen the six C/-N verb. Eo .
forms of verbs.
jFo [-Eo p 'be' forms.
a) 'be' form + ing form is a verb c) English verb six forms form f) subject action
- L- E
b) 'be' form/ have/ has/ will have/ L. words . Ox1st Regular Doing
shall have etc + past participle is d) English statement ( Words (come, go, take, sit verbs - I,
a verb. N p sentence) , question we, you, they 2nd Regular
[),
(coming C 'ing' form, + order of words C. Doing Words (comes, goes, takes, sits
seen C past participle- ing i) Statement structure: subject + verb verbs - He,
OE
form ] 'be' form verb
- ii) Question structure: She, It [)
C. + past participle] 'be' 1) verb + subject v p- J
form F have/ has/ had/ shall have Regular Actions -
N verb-C. Fo -Th. There are no verbs in your sentences
] u .) i) 1st Regular Doing
Radha: So, you say a sentence in English Word Question
IV) verbs of sense perception.
x 25
must have a verb- one of the six not
E, F (uvC - -C# am/
forms we saw in last article. do hC. M. SURESAN is/ are ing [. am/ is/ are looking,
(English sentence correct ii) 2nd Regular Doing listening [-a.)
- u N-J-#x 2) 1st word of the verb + subject + Word Question
not E, F V) have A[/ [ n am
verb x L.) other words of the verb. (verb does hC. having/ is having/ are having [a.
Sasank: That's right g) Past Doing Words (came, went, took, sat
[ [ -...) N n- am/ is/ are having [.
Questions [ :
() verbs) j- J-TD Lh Bath am/ is/ are having [.
Cx correct verbs Jh-. - - [.
1) 'Wh' questions- what, when, etc., Past Doing Word not E, Question i) English verbs six forms .
verb correct brackets (c) .
p- (w) d. verb form correct - v-uN. F did hC. six forms E E verbs .
, correct verb form. verb correct 2) Non 'wh' questions- what, when etc j p Eo vocabulary items
h) am + ing/ is + ing/ are + ing form (be form
C form verb - . EN. -isubject ] + ing form) verbs p[ --o - -o. j-C @N-
eg: verb verb
E, ]-- F h-, , C--u,
subject, verb
[.
1) He was do it (W) y y N p[ --o - p- - a s-, ]-, -
He was doing it (C) h. Ej, Eo verbs am + ing/ is + -]-L- English --o.
He did it. e) verbs [-Eo p verbs 'be'
ing/ are + ing form [. N DE-- Eo principles of pronunciation
2) She looking at it (W) forms .
I) verbs expressing feelings and emotions. (English a- v) -o.
She is/was/any be form looking at it. (C) I) am, is, are - vh [-Eo E,
(-, - -C-# N--
3) They have seen me (C)
(have + past participle)
Exercise:
vo: 1) The match is to start. u u v- a) vh v N-u-
2) The match is going to start. u uC \. E -Eo uhJ--] 'might'
1. They know me.
2. She seen him.
3) The match is about to start. vo: One word substitutions [.
O ]u N? OE - eg: Hari might help you.
3. They are take coffee.
N? OE --T-h
4. She will help him.
pL. L-----. might E Eo (J F -a/ h-
5. The snake been killed. p N--, - ]-sx --T-h? )
6. The book stolen. : . O-] f, They might leave tomorrow.
p[ ...!
for the past three days. They haven't -q # since . v: v-V- - N
(since = #) x-f-E v-Ao-h-o. -- Prakash: What's (What is) his problem?
(have not) made them ready yet. The
He has worked/ has been working here for j --]. Prasad: For the past (one) week he has
clerk hasn't (has not) been attending
the past 2 years/ since 2003 (2005- v: E E- # G@ been having a bad cold and
college since the college reopened
headache.
last week.
([ V- Jd--x - 6) Jayanth: Have you read (gone through)
d A--o. Rx E today's paper?
-]. ] - J- Jayakar: We haven't received/ got the
#--p # x\ [ ]) paper yet/ so far. Of late we
Hema: I understand your trouble. have been getting the paper
late.
have been waiting, have
j -- (of late = lately = ]u)
been going, has been attending verbs
Jayanth: Haven't you
form- have been + ing/
-E- . O (have you not)
has been + ing. O L- ? 2=2003) -C. d ---E complained to
I, We, You and They have been+ ing;
for the past 50 years - since 1955 (2005- -E j --]. the agent?
He, She, It has been + ing
[. (j -[ = not find the time;
50=1955) Jayakar: I have been
form verb present perfect continuous
= even)
C - -E-. complaining
tense . Shyam: What have you been doing since v: N u? since sunday.
(] lesson verb form-
this morning? v: - -, --p He hasn't
have + PP/has + PP - Present Perfect tense)
have been + ing/has been + ing J-Eo (]l# h-o? p[ ) C. cared. Since M. SURESAN
Ramu: I have been studying for exam sunday we've
sentences J-Q-L-. -- #a tomorrow. (have) been getting the paper at
have + PP, has + PP o u- J-- ( K ]---o p[ ) 7:30 AM. What's the news in the
x 27
a. Shyam: How many chapters have you cov- paper?
ered? Jayanth: The paper has reported a terrorist
(p Eo dx Jh--?) attack in Kashmir
Ramu: I have finished nine chapters so far. Jayakar: How many have died?
(-- NtC dx Jh--) 6) : V C-? Jayanth: Eight. The terrorists have set fire
Shyam: How long have you been using your -: -- ]. the Government Hospital.
scooter? ]u -u
(y -- F \- - hC (get [).
-T-h-o?) : - complain -?
Ramu: It has been serving me well for the -: C- # complain ho.
last two years. It hasn't given me any F [ d-[ ].
trouble. V # [-o-
(-x C ----[-C. hC. N x N?
v y-].) (d-----[ = not care).
: Qtx v-Jd J# vo: How do you do? n N?
... -E- ! DE - pL?
Jd C.
1) have + pp/ has + pp - v # ] v-, K--
-: -C E----N?
p J-T - [. : E-N-C-C. v-y--vAE v-J- : How do you do? -
2) have been + ing/ has been + ing -
d ---d. ?/-o?/--o?
v # --o - (---d[ = set fire) expression -o- d--]--
[.
3) -u so far, for the past, for the last, Answers: J J- --p[ . x
Tendulkar has been playing cricket ... 1) How long have you been working here? J- - 'How do you do?' E -
since have + pp/has + pp; have been
1. a) Tendulkar has been playing cricket for + ing/ has been + ing- verb [- 2) How many movies have you seen so far -Jh. ] -L x p] How
the past fifteen years. (since 1989/1990) . O have + pp/has + pp this month? do you do?. yA # How are you
b) Tendulkar has played cricket for the already (p-), yet (... ]) 3) I have been reading/ I have been a reader [.
past fifteen years (since 1989/1990). h-. of this paper for the past ten years. vo: I have finished my work.
2. a) She has been working here since the C u- English practice . 4) Ramana: Has Ashok come? Have I finished my work.
opening of the office. Ravi: No. I've (have) been waiting for I haven't finished my work.
b) She has worked here since the opening
1) O \[ E h-o?
2) p O Eo E- him for the past half an hour. DE interrogative- have In't finished
of the office. Ramana: Have you phoned him?/ Have my work? C j- ?
1 (b), 2 (b)
?
n O 3) -x ]---o/ you called him? . -A, -[-
:
1(b) (for) / 1989-
[-\ C---x Ravi: I have been trying to phone him/
90 (since)
-- o (reader [). 'Haven't I finished my work? C
# v [ (p). 4) : a? ring him up/ call him for the past
sentence verb- has+ PP. half an hour. No one in his place
E Jh -? ( E-
1(a)
N: ]. E --
DEE a. h-o (wait [). has lifted the phone. Jh ?) n d.
1(a) Tendulkar has been playing cricket for Ramana: Perhaps they have all gone I haven't finished my work C, Have
the past fifteen years/ since 1989-90
: y ?
somewhere. you finished your work? question
answer d. j u present perfect
1(a) verb- has been + playing (has been +
N: - --E -- v-
5) Prasad: Phani has been doing that work
Ao-h-o. Rxx B-
ing). continuous tense J# N- C.
for the past half an hour. He has-
DE n [-\ C---x ].
cricket [.
n't (has not) yet completed it.
(198990 #) [--o[ ().
I [- v 5 d 2005
Sukumar: My bike has been giving trouble have + pp/ has + pp --T ]s
since monday. I haven't been able
to find a good mechanic. 1) (-) j LE past actions.
(- # j v 2) p--# p--- (p-[-p[)
hC. # -E -- --o - (actions from then till
x]) now/ (sometimes) even now;
Sudheer: Why don't you try my mechanic? 3) just N --p[ p --
He has been attending to my bike - (actions just completed).
for a long time now, and he has
Have been + ing/ has been + ing: p-
done a good job of it so far.
( -E- ] -- --j vi, --o -.
Ram: How long have you been waiting here?
[]? j h-[.
(y \[ p# Rx- -a. (at all =
p--x?) )
p--- [).
I have been to Mumbai Suneel: I went there last saturday.
Sukumar: I haven't thought of it. Thank you.
ho?)
Raghu: I have been waiting for you for ten (I have gone to Mumbai ]). ( E- x I/we went [-
Let's take my bike to him.
minutes now. jo x (E AJT #a y G). a.)
( N -- -#--
(C EN-- F We have been to Chennai.
]. j \- B-.)
(We have gone to Chennai ]) sentences English practice .
Sudheer: He hasn't opened shop yet. 10 o'
ho).
x... Rx a?
I, We 'have gone' [. N subjects 1) K: O, Eo v Nyx .
clock will be OK. \ situation -E-. \---x?
'I have been waiting for you for the past ten
[-a. N: Eo \u d V. Rx-
x.
}
I He has+pp
}
vu yLq h
we have+pp She has been+ have been + ing/ has
you It ing been + ing better.
they have been+ing a) x - x. Sudha, where have you been?
M. SURESAN b)
They have gone out.
Lx-]-v[ j]-- x 28 K: y ]u -- i
x. --o?
My parents have gone to Hyderabad. / i Rx--a/Rx-a. N: ]. -p[ o[.
\[ -E-. I/ We have been to Mysore. K: y-p-[- x?
a) They have gone x x-E . N: -x x. J y?
x AJT ]. x J \[ n, J x K: -- x-]. j]-
vo: 1) Will she have played?
a, x---o J J# E . x-].
a E. a) Smitha: Do you know Mumbai well? 2) : O o---\[?
Will she has played? b) My parents have gone to Hyderabad (F ?) F: ---x.
2) He never uses pencil. x j]-- x--J L, - b) Sridhar: Oh, Yes. I have been there a : \---x?
He never use pencil. j]-- J L E. p[ number of times. F: x v .
3) Which is your native place? C [ ( . -\- : ---C --Rx? (has
What is your native place? I have gone to Hyderabad. -x x.) been v [)
4) At what time does Bangalore F: -
express reach Bangalore?
Dn j]-- x E n N subjects
j]-- x JF (on the way to [-a. Answers:
At what time Bangalore express Hyderabad) , j]-- JF L E Mithun: How familiar is he with Chennai? 1) Karim: Ravi, you were not at home yes-
reaches Bangalore? . famil-
( jo ? terday. Where did you go?
ux N j-N? E -J p--? iar= L [[/ J- [[) Ravi: Yesterday was my sister's birthday.
5) 'God' third person
! J 'God v-- (fellow passenger) - I went to her place.
Mittal: He has been there a number of times.
L F 'God bless
blesses you' . j]-- J y I have gone to Karim: Have you met Jayakumar, of late?
you'
( \- -x x[
E ]? Hyderabad E -. \[ J-nA. - J# Ravi: No. He is in Mumbai
6)
F ? uEo Tx- j]-- # AJT #a y j]-- Karim: Have you ever been to Mumbai?
'Do you know?'
E)
E h. F Rx--a-E p[. d English C Mithun: Have you ever been to Chennai? (ever = p-j)
L-? uEo Tx- p--E I have gone to Hyderabad J-] (y-p-j jo x? \[ Ravi: I have been there a number of
L? . We () u. Have you gone Have you times. What about you?
. P, jy--[ u-i Karim: I haven't (have not) been there so
: O ux CN
been [[ #C.)
Mittal: I haven't (have not) been there so far. I haven't been even to
I/ We 'have gone' verb ]. ]-
Correct. far . Hyderabad. (even = )
1) Will she have played?
F F \--j Rx #a y 2) Sumanth: Where's (where is) your father?
2) He never uses pencil
\- x -. E English- 'have ( \- -- x-].)
Sunil: He has gone out.
gone' ]. 'have gone'/ 'has gone'- Rx-- n
3) What is your native place? Sumanth: Where did he go?
Saritha: Sudha, where have you been? v hC. Rx AJ-T--#a J-nA J# Sunil: He went to his friend's.
4) At what time does the Bangalore
express reach Bangalore?
(, \-[-o -?) p]. (friend's= v .friend's house
Sudha: I have been to college. Suneel: I returned from Delhi the day before. friend's home friend's
5) 'God bless you' 'May God
Jh- . y-].
( -- Rx a). ( )
Mx # o AJT a. best)
bless you' 'May'
Qq. C-
\[ I have gone to college n Sumanth: Why did you go there at all? Sumanth: How long has he been out?
'God bless you' . hC? -- x (\ o) When did you go there? Sunil: He has been out for half an
6) Don't you (Do you not) konw? (F
M?) E. \ J- x - ]. ( \- ] x? hour now.
I [- C 7 d 2005
\[ will, p[ shall?
V u -C.) b) (action).
x \- h
Gowtham: Shall we meet this evening?
].) y: C --? (necessary
( V v -l?) [)
Jagadeesh: Certainly. Where shall we meet?
: a- p[ h?
(p-. \[ l?) y: a - h.
Gowtham: I will return home at 5 PM. We will Answers:
meet then at my home. 1) We shall meet again tomorrow.
( ] - h. 2) When will you start for college tomorrow?
p[ x l.) 3) I shall go to Mumbai tomorrow. I shall be
They will come here tomorrow (will + come there for 10 days. I shall return by the
d I/ We shall h future
- action)
#a-E state of being ([-[)-E, E month end.
c)
(action) E -C.
Sx \[ . 4) Jayanth: When will you come?
We shall be here again tomorrow.
you, he, she, it and they will , Jaswanth: I shall come next week.
d) \- AJ-T-h. C- #a-E (indefinite) N-u-h L- Jayanth: Will you bring all the certifi-
We shall return here tomorrow.
shall be, will be- N-u-h [[
--hC. [[ , E cates?
. Jaswanth: I shall not bring all of them. I
shall + 1st RDW/ will + 1st Regular Doing
Word (RDW) = (action)
N-u-h E--[ 3. My friends (they) will be here next week. shall bring only the important
shall p[, will p[? N
vq a- \[ . ones.
([[ #a-]) Jayanth: Will you bring the degree certifi-
]-s-N? v-h -E-.
4. She will help you. cate?
Pradeep: I shall buy a car soon.
F hC (indefinite = Jaswanth: Is it necessary/ Will it be nec-
( y ) #a-])
Pratap: When will you buy it? essary?
(p[ ?) 5. You will know it soon. Jayanth: When will you come next week?
(FC y- -hC indefinite) Jaswanth: I shall come next Thursday.
6. It will happen.
(C --C Indefinite)
x 29
7. Kiran (He) will return soon.
Indefinite)
When will you be free? ( y- AJ-T--h[
8. Kamala (She) will shop for saris tomorrow.
Jagadeesh: I will make it then. Bye. Pradeep: Depends. I expect some money
( < C Indefinite)
next week. Once I get it, I will buy
( p- h. j) Questions I
vo: They cut forests- cut V1 N-
it.
-u ---p[
j ---E verbs -E-. and we will
E, you, he, she, it and they
have been - -- [-Eo L-- (a [s L. C shall E . Questions ? V2 N-?
hC. (since = -j # ) C .) -p[I and we shall; you, he, she, it and
u-E passive form-
joined (yesterday) - Past Doing Word - past Depends = j v- E
they will v [. Forests are cut by them/ Forests
action time known . N- O] --- - J# Preethi: I want to see you about those were cut by them - C
Fo L-. -- h p--p[ It all depends/ depends . books. When shall I see you? d?
verbs: C conversational bit. Practice O - ( h- N- Eo --- x- [, Lx-x
: They cut forests- \[ 'cut' V1
1) will last (will + last - 1st Regular Doing - [. -o. p[ -?)
Word) --: Prema: When will you be free?
2) will continue (will + continue - 1st Regular Prameela: Will you help me with a little
(F-p[ BJ?) ( past simple). V2 p[ verb ].
Doing Word) money?
Preethi: When will you be free? Shall I see
p-j V2 (Past Participle) ] 'be'
3) shall meet (shall + meet - 1st Regular ( Cl [s h?) form F, have, has, had etc F #a--p
you tomorrow?
Doing Word) Pramoda: It all depends, I expect some verb. ]-sEo d forests are cut, forests
money tomor-
(F BJ--p[? Eo - were cut [ d.
4) will return (will + return - 1st Regular Doing
vo: -E ing form a[ x C
row. If I get it,
?)
Word) Prema: That's OK. ()
5) will make (will + make - 1st Regular Doing I will give it. noun -? verb -? -
Preethi: Will the books (they) be with you
Word) (It all depends/ depends --[ ? walking, eating, giving
tomorrow?
6) will meet (will + meet - 1st Regular Doing = p p-. verb forms -?
( h- F ]_--?)
Word) [s h F-h. Prema: Will your father (he) get new books noun forms -?
Fo shall/ will + 1st Regular Doing E-y[, -Lq this evening? v , --o
Word (I RDW) form six
: 'ing' form Jh noun -C. 'ing'
, [sj -- C)
vD ], 'I shall buy' M. SURESAN
(O o- h h-
forms of verb N V form . v h?) form ] 'be' form verb ]E
(shall be/ will be- 'be' forms. N [ E, y 'I will buy' -o[. v '...will j -- questions Eo- I/we ] -J L--.
vo: He is Ravi u subject C?
future (N-u-h) [-Eo ) you buy it?' E [---o[ ? C shall; you, he, she, it, they will [
Sumant: Where will you be at 7 this evening? -E-. .
I and we + shall (I, We shall); you, he, she, He o, Ravi o !
(v [ \[ p[ C u- English practice
it, they + will (you, he, she, it, they will) -], --A--
: He is Ravi u subject he.
?) .
Sumeet: I will be at home. (x ) #aE N-u-h L--- 1) Sx --.
Sumant: I shall be a little late. Please wait for h. Future #a, Eo d 2) -- p[ ----? (start Sentence- 'He'E J# C d
me. shall, will [. subject.
for [)
I [- 9 d 2005
Pranav: Mom, I will go to the first show today. d I/We + will Eg-Eo L--hC.
(t, V d- -.) 2) I/We will x--J l-Eo (intention)
Narmada: You shall finish your home work
first.
L--hC.
a) SriRam: What do you want to Shravan?
(y ] \ JhL.) Shravan: I will be (will become) a doctor.
Pranav: Tapan, my friend, will be here in a
few minutes. We will finish our
( d- / d---
homework together.
(l) will be/ become
( v Cl EN-x \--- l (intention)).
b) Praneetha: My friend Pratibha will be
h[. ]l L \ - here in a few minutes.
) Prasanna: We will take her home, then.
Narmada: Look here, Pranav, You shall see tomorrow?
the next movie only a month later.
( B- 7) Ng: -x x.
l (intention)) y: -J v x. Prasanthi: I am/ shall be at home all the
I will not allow you to waste your day tomorrow.
Praneetha: Later, I will take you and her to Ng: vt x?
time. Santhisri: But I shall go to Guntur tomor-
a movie. We will have some y: [-x
(Sx y E time together. row.
N h--[]. Eo x- x[. Prasanthi: When will be back?/ When will
(y Eo, E-
E-y.) B--. j L- 8) vA: y ? (won't you return?
Pranav: But if my friends invite? you [.) Santhisri: I shall go to Chennai in a week
we will have (inten-
( vq Lh?) tion)) AX: y x p[ ? and from there return.
Narmada: I will tell them they shall not invite. Prasanthi: I shall buy a cell phone tomor-
3) I/we will
vA: x .
y...!
You shall study well, and get good #a-x row.
marks. Dad and I will allow you to (Promise). AX: J- .
Santhisri: Will you be in touch with me
watch movies only then.
(Eo ]lE x .
y CN # \
a--L. p y E-
[-E , o --Ah.)
j -- verbs o -E-
. ] lesson
Go I, and We will; you, he, she, it and
they shall a . from tomorrow ?
a) Surekha: Teacher, I have some doubts in
-J h--a-. vA: Sx p--h? 9) Tarun: Hi Varun, How are you?
English.
I/We shall; you, he, she, it and they will (, Tx- Eo - AX: y jo Rx \ # Varun: Fine. Thank you. How are you?
#a--E N-u-h L---h. shall be, o.) AJT h. Tarun: Fine. Have you joined MBA?
will be N-u-h [-Eo, shall + 1st Teacher: I will clear all your doubts. Don't vA: - . Varun: I haven't (have not) decided yet.
Regular Doing Word (1st RDW), will + 1st worry. AX: # Tarun: I have joined MCA. I joined the
RDW N-u-h - Lh. (F --Fo B-h C ? institute yesterday.
p[ I/We will; you, he, she, it and they teacher's promise) 9) : , -? Varun: My father has been out of town for
shall EE L-h l. b) Prasanth: Dad, the course costs Rs. the past four days. I am waiting for
1) I/We will x-[--o-x Eg-Eo
: , -...
20,000/- a year. him. Decision is possible only after
y o?
L--hC. Dad: Don't you worry son. I will give you he comes back.
I will buy a car soon. : o.
#a- y C G-
Eg. ?
I shall buy a car soon. : Eg-
--o [
#a ].
x 30 ---].
:
a) Teacher: You will get a prize only if you all the money you want. Just study . Eo M. SURESAN
score more than 90% marks.
(90 o \ \
well and come out with success.
I will
-d-u- . vo: a) The meeting will be held on tomor-
row evening sentence tense
(F Lq- [s Eh : o V- x
a- F wj hC). give; I will - promise -
Ramana: OK Teacher, I will work hard.
. h-o. ]-C? tense voice
y[) #a y Eg B- N?
I will do my best to get the c) Vijay: I want to contest in the coming
. b) Definite article 'the'E \[ --
more than 90% municipal elections.
( d- ]--. 90% Answers: T-L. The French, The whip E
(a Eq- Eo-x ---- -a?
o \ a-E v- --o.) 1) I will go to Chennai tomorrow.
Ao-h I will - Eg) .. v, N--o
:
Vinai and Vikram: Go ahead. We will sup- 2) We will not let them come here.
Teacher: Will you and Mohan come to port you. a) 'will be held tomorrow evening'
3) I will give you whatever book you want.
me tomorrow? I will clear your (on tomorrow evening verb-
J-]). \[
(. Eo d h 4) We will meet the CM tomorrow.
doubts. We will support - promise) will be held.
5) We will not allow such things. Tense: future simple/ indefinite.
( y, ]_-J Vijay: I will file my nomination then.
h? -i ( N-- h Eg) 6) Bharat: Shall I go now? Voice: passive.
B-h I will - Eg) Vinai and Vikram: We will help you with Bhargav: Where will you go? b) The French French
vq -n.
b) Rahim: Will you buy that car? money also. Bharat: To college french .
Bhargav: When will your friends come? 'The'
Promise)
[ h N- y hC.
vo: Eo curd ? curds
( ?) ([s h
Rasheed: I will buy it whatever the price. Bharat: Won't you (will you not) join us
I will -
C u English practice .
( K-j . for the picnic tomorrow? ?
1) #a- jo .
7) Vishnu: I have been to Mumbai quite a
Eg) . -, y-
c) Teacher: Will you all come for the picnic
on sunday?
2) x \- Ey.
3) F h -Lq h. number of times. : 'Curd', 'curds' [ d.
Eshwar: I have been there too; just once. curd y singular verb, curds y plu-
(O C- o h?) 4) p- - h. ral verb L. The curd is tasty.
Vishnu: Has Brahmam too been to
Pupils: We will come, teacher. 5) N --Ey (such things,
Mumbai? The curds are tasty.
vo: 'Obey the parents' u-E
we will -
(h Eg) allow [).
d) Kumar: Won't you see that movie? Eshwar: He has been to Mumbai just pas-
( E [? Won't you=
6) : E-p[ x? once or twice. sive N?
will you not)
_: \ -? 8 )Prasanthi : Won't you come home to . , y-
Peter and John: We will see it, of course. : -- -. me?/ Won't you come to our : Let the parents be obeyed.
(#a- h. _: O vq p--h? place? sentences passive
'-
]) : x o- y ? Santhisri: When will you be at home C.
I [- 11 d 2005
Sumathi: Hi, Vimala, well met. When shall You, he, she, it and they will -
we sit to plan our holiday? Indefinite future.
(#a--E)
( N! ---[ you, he, she, it and
p[ j --
#-jC. M x --E they shall
]-s
p[ a?) ] #a --
Holiday = n . 1) #a- future -----o N-
n \j - Rx .
V E. a) It shall be this evening.
Vimala: Why not this evening? I shall be v C #a- -C/---
away from tomorrow onwards. C, -L/--yL.
( v ] a-[]? b) She shall come.
# G@ .) p- h-C/--L. steno shall stay longer than all of y L (ccommand)
why not = ] []? c) He shall join. you. I have a lot of letters to dictate, e) They shall stay too.
Sumathi: It shall be this evening then. You p- h-[/--L. and she shall take out their print command)
x \[ L. (c
shall be here at 7 PM. d) They shall not. outs before tomorrow morning. For f) My steno shall stay.
( V v x -[]/ two more days the office shall work command)
d \[ L (c
a. - y \[ e) You shall be here. till 7PM. g) She shall take print outs.
L.) Ny-\[ L. (x p- . -
Vimala: How about Sourabha? Won't she Manoj: How long am I to be here, Sir?
v-x p- BL (c
L... p]!
x M [-[]. command)
(will not she) join us? (-- \[ ?)
( -? ?)
Sumathi: She shall come, ofcourse. She has
promised me.
( p hC. h-E
#aC.)
Vimala: What about Sudhakar, Your cousin?
(O > - -?)
Sumathi: He shall join us too.
( p- h[.) Officer: You shall be here till 7 in the d O ]-J- \-- h) The office (it) shall work.
Vimala: Won't Neeraj and Kalyan come? evening. C. x d E--L (c command)
(F, u [ ?) (y \[ v -- L. ]--E-x p-E- -hC you, he, she, it and they
Sumathi: Why they? They shall not. I don't L c) shall c (Commands/ orders) ya.
like them. Manoj: Why so long, Sir?
(x-]? x -[]. d ]) (- ]-?) [.
i) You shall not smoke here.
-- you, he, she, it and they Officer: You shall finish all this work and then
x 31
shall [ -E-. only go.
y \[ t --[].
j) O public, university exams answer books
It shall be; (y E Jh xL.)
She shall come; Manoj: I want leave on Friday Sir.
instructions Fo shall [
He shall join; (v- L.) .
-J v-x B--L. i) No candidate (he/she) shall bring any slips
They shall (not); Officer: You shall not [ \ V v of paper into the exam hall.
You shall be go on leave till E-L.) (K - T xp B--
-- --C J h--- Monday. You
. shall stay here
-- Officer, you, he, she it and --[]. - order)
they shall [[ -E-. [[ ii) Absolute silence shall be observed.
1) I/We shall; you, he, she, it and they as long as I
c (commands) y--E. (Jh Ezl -L order)
will #a--E N-uh (Indefinite future) want you to.
you, he, she, it and they shall c- vy v, E-] Eox you, he,
L--h. (- (commands) LhC. she, it, they shall c- [[ O
2) I/We will Eg-- (decisions), d- a) You shall be here. Ea. Court orders .
l- (intentions) L--h. -[]. M. SURESAN command) orders K --Eyou, he, she, it and they
3) I/We will promise --E - - Ny-\[ L (c
b) You shall finish. C--J- (official) , -C--J
[. - Ny-\[ -Lq.) command)
y Jh L (c (unofficial) 'shall' [-.
-E-# N- v- Manoj: What about the others Sir?
c) You shall not go on leave. English practice
I/We shall - Indefinite future (N sC --?) C u . ]-
command) shall, will
I/We will - Officer: They shall stay too. They shall not
y d--[] (c sEo d [ [.
determination (Eg) d) You shall stay. 1) ---O y --[] (such= -
apply for leave either, till Monday. My
).
vo: a) Infinitives N? ( -E DEo 'I had been there when the func- 2) y \ - (order).
b) 'to + have +V3' n C) tion began exactly at 6', E Jh 3) -v-E-x E Jh--L.
N? c) To \ be F being [- p- sentence j n hC. 4) Ram: Sx p[ \?
sentence (a) Raghu: y Sx \- -[].
c) to
\ being be ]. DE j n
i) I like to be here for sometime. hC. (b) function
u-E n - Ram: y x-[--[].
E n N? Raghu: y E Jh--L. y
. y--, ( \[ E d J- viC. ]
: a) Infinitives J# --
-o.) \[ o E. o ---L.
ii) I object to being treated as a vo: a) Would E ]-sx - Ram: -v #a- E
] #a x N-J C stranger. -T-h? Jh-h.
[. Raghu: -v-E y E Jh-
(o h [E b) Let you write p?
b) to have + V3 - V3 past partici- u- --o.) -L.
vo: O x --
ple. To have + V3 ---:
p? ]? Answers:
to have gone, to have killed, to have
P-v-, \ 1) You shall do no such thing/ You shall not
done etc.
#a I was there exactly at 6
when the function began : do any such thing.
i) He seems to have done it. 2) You shall be/ shall come here at 7 tomor-
uEo 'I had been there exact- a) 'would'Eo y- NJh.
( E [ -d C (past row.
ly at 6 when the function began' b) Let you write - C p. Let -
j J-T-x E--#C). 3) You/He/She/They shall finish/ complete
ii) They appear to have killed the tiger.
E -a? ] ux N- the work by tomorrow.
:
(Tiger -past
E--C-- - x E #o, x J. -u Let 'you' 4) Ram: When shall I come here again?
a) I was there exactly at 6
x p[ E-h-o.) [[ []. \-J [-a. Raghu: You shall not (shan't) come here
when the function began. DE n
iii) I like to have gone with them. You let yourself into the room, when he again.
function begin --p[ -\[ -
(x Rx [--E d[- opens the door. Ram: You shall not (shan't) talk like that.
d J- o E. Function
o x Rx--. ( --, y v-P Raghu: You shall finish the work. Then
begin [ J-, -\[ oC
p[ x-[o.) E n. \[ yourself only you shall see/ meet me.
She likes to sing.
J- E. Ram: I'll (I will) finish the work by this
b) I had been there exactly at 6 when reflexive [ -E-)
( ----C) Let you write n y . evening.
the function began- C J-].
She likes to have sung 'write' JC . Raghu: You shall (finish), then.
I --- --E 13 -d 2005
Bhaskar: Good morning, sir. Will you give Father: You have wasted a lot of money,
me the books I've asked you for, already. you shall not waste any
sir? more money, understand.
(---Jo . --T h-- p- s %--.
-h?) . n--?
Teacher: Yes, Bhaskar, they shall be with C a-J (Warning)
you this afternoon. Don't worry.
Son: I do, dad. It shall not happen again.
(N uo F _--, (n--C. C Sx - o-
?) C O Assurance)
Bhaskar: Moreover, I need your notes too,
Father: You shall keep an account of every
sir, for the next week's exam.
paise you spend. Father: You shall have the money. How
exam
(--, a- 3) Samuel: * novels \
(y a-d vA j \--L) much do you want?
O q L. --? (Available
Moreover=; notes- plural; Son: I will, dad. ( s F hC. ( F
note- singular) (I will-Eg \ Assurance) s h= I will give you the )
Samson: Read well book stores .
d you, he, she, it and they shall money. You shall have - C promise)
Teacher: You shall have them, what more? =at).
( \ O
(notes F-h. L?) 1) Orders/ commands 2) Warnings
L?) -Lq --C (get,
Parvathi: About Rs 10000/-
Bhaskar: My sister wants you to help her out 3) Assurances --C. whatever book )
with some of the lessons. Prem: I am going to contest in the next elec-
( C-) Samuel: p \-?
sister lessons Father: You shall have more than that. Don't Samson: Saturday v y p-
( Eo tions
worry.
Ux ]... Tx!
10.30 ]l L. N O] d-]- [[. p Basheer: Ameer shall take care of them.
3) Karim: You shall attend Namaz on Friday.
x 33
Karim: \- ]_-- C. Karim: Don't you know that much?
What shall we discuss at the meeting? E. uo 12.30 According to the Koran you shall
bring to prayer as many as pos-
Ny-\- L. u --
-- l- syllables . sible.
Answers:
[].
sentence ]'sen' syllable, tence Kowser: u . v 4) Priya: What shall we discuss at the
syllable -C. sentence C B-- 1) Chandra: I will be (I'll be) here tomorrow. meeting?
two syllables - o. ? My brother shall also be here. Janani: We shall/ We will/ Let us discuss
English (Tx Ux ]) -- Karim: v Tara: When shall I see you (meet the arrangements for the college
L-p[ - M? you) tomorrow, then? day next week.
E syllable N syllables Chandra: You shall come as early as Priya: Do you want me to come?/
\ \----. Eo stress v - possible. Your brother shall Shall I come?
. DEo dictionary ' h y - CE O- come too. You shall not be late. Janani: You shall come. That too, on
h. Tara: I'll (I will) try my best not to be time/ without being late.
' -
eg. English- English lEo \ -CE B-- M. SURESAN late. Priya: If you insist, I will come. Will the
---o-. Chandra: You are always late. Come meeting being on time.
a'bove - \[ b syllable
-L.
( v = According to early tomorrow at least. Janani: It shall at 4.15 PM.
\ stress Eo \ -L. the Koran) Tara: I will not be (won't be) late, I Priya: OK.
C u- Tx- practice . assure you. When shall we
O !
4) v: O- Jal? start from here?
1) Chandra: \[ (p) . (Ja-[ = discuss, meeting Chandra: We will start at 10 AM.
v] (p) [. = at the meeting)
Tara: Eo-p[ ---? E: a college day px 2) Basheer: When will Sharook be here? p Tx O
Chandra: F y O- Jal. Roshan: He shall be here at 10.10AM.
p Tx, vA\, [,
y L. O o (college day px = arrange- Basheer: The shooting shall begin at 11
>[, j]82
L. y u -- ment for the college day) AM.
# a.
Roshan: It shall (begin).
[]. v: o t-? email: pratibha@ eenadu.net
vo: Tx {vF -Lq - N English you, singular (y), p- J -) J# -o vo: I wish I had joined the Army.
N? plural (O). verb N- you sentences Past actions
N. j G I wish I joined Army.
V, E y p[ plural verb v L. p[Past Doing Word hC. j j [ ux C ]-s
: English-Telugu dictionary 'How are you?' (you p[ plu-
ral verb) 'I am fine' [ [.
u
forms
Regular actions
d.
d verb L? ]u N?
--- Telugu-English dictionary
vo: See, Watch ]u N?
, q-d-
---. , NJ- O - --E 'Are you
fine?' . 'How are you?', 'Are you
: 'I wish I joined the army'
- English - I see movie. p[ Army J -
OK?' [. I watch movie
L_ --. English x---p[
vo: Present Perfect Tense --p[
C E.
---[-C. . C d?Eg. n 'I wish I had joined the army!
vo: You, He, She N singular forms. EJl-d time/ period p !
O
N? Eg., Ex. C d.
-[, x
Army J
Singulars L-- ]
:
-C E.
verb singular L. F
I have coffee in the morning.
My mother has breakfast at 8 AM.
I see movies, I watch movies vo: Have been, has been, had been
W x How are you, [ d. am seeing/ is seeing/ - u ]-
Are you fine? . O are
E -d? are seeing [ d, E ] am sx --T-h? Have, has,
>. y, C-- watching/ is watching/ are watching had tensex [-?
: I have coffee in the morning.
] [-?
N, N--- L. . --, . -y--,
: English singular form of the My mother has breakfast at 8 AM. e.g.- C for example (---) --Lx
verb -LqC Eo singular subjects
sentences past actions
( J-T -) J# ]-
E abbreviation.
e.g.- C d. ex d ]. C exer-
: p Tx Lessons
]. III person- singular subjects x[C. Regular actions (v cise abbreviation.
have been, has been, have, has --
v singular verbs [. NJ. [.
I --- --- 17 -d 2005
Prasad: Pranav, When shall I see you disappointed if you don't get a
again? seat in medicine.
(-v--, Sx Eo-p --?) (F medicine seat -
Pranav: Will you meet me tomorrow at 4? E----)
( -T- ---?) Sumanth: My teachers (they) will be sad too
Prasad: Where shall I meet you ? if I don't make it to medicine .
(\ --?) ( medicine ---
Pranav: Will you come to LB Park? I will teachers ---)
meet you there. Dad: You will be happy to know that I
(LB Park h ? \ Eo am going to buy a bike for you.
---.) (F bike oE Lh y
Prasad: Will Pratap come with you too ----)
(v F h?) Sumanth: Really, dad? I shall be grateful to Anjali: p-. F - C. Sukumar: --o ?
Pranav : Of course, will you bring along your you for this. (you begin ) 3) Bhanu: -\ p--?
friends too? (E-? %-Vc-E) o -- p. Bhaskar: y -\ C---x L.
(-h-, O friends j : Happy, sad, disappointed, Ankita: -y t -UL. Uh? late --.
Bh) grateful - feelings uh--- -, (you . t U- = draw) Bhanu: 10 K ?
(bring along = B--) I/We shall; you, he, she, it, and, they Anjali: p U? Bhaskar: Meeting ----x begin
L. E arrangements
We shall be disappointed
, L. y
x supervise L.
Answers:
1) Anjali: Shall we go to a movie this
evening?
Ankita: When shall I complete my assign-
I shall be happy to meet them. Ankita: 12 -- ment?
(x ---- d ). v-G- Anjali: Will you come, or won't you?
Will they come? Will your sister l? Ankita: Then will you help me to com-
come too?
(x -h? O sister h-o) -x--- 34 Anjali: lunch
p l?
plete my assignment?
Anjali: Certainly, you shall have my help.
Prasad: Of course. I'll (I will) bring them Ankita: - F What do you want me to do? /
along. will ---. ( I/We Will -F, you, he, lunch p? What shall I do for you?
(p-, x B--h). she, it and they shall -F, , -- uo 2 M. SURESAN Ankita: You shall draw these pictures.
j -- -E- Questions , --n- p--E ) K Will you?
shall and will --. Questions p- late - -- Anjali: When shall I draw them?
C d : Ankita: Shall we begin at 12 noon?
I/We shall; you, he, she, it and they ?(K late = too late )
(will and shall -- Eo o. Anjali: When shall we have lunch, then?
will v h. ( I/ We will -F, 2) Sukumar: V-- \?
you, he, she, it and they shall -F ).
u formal, informal spoken English Ankita: When is your lunch, usually? will
Sunil: h-E-\ V?
eg: a) When shall I see you?
u-i-N. N -y- --.) 2 O' clock be too late for you?
b) Will you meet me? 2) Sukumar: Won't you (will you not) stay
Subjects Shall Will here for another two days?
c) Where shall I meet you?
d) Will you come? 1. Indefinite future 1. Determination Sunil: What shall I do here for two more
e) Will Pratap (he) come? I, We (E-Pa N-uh) (Eg) days?
f) Will they come? 2. Feelings & emotions 2. Intention (l) Sukumar: We shall/ will go sightseeing
g) Will your sister (she) come? (, --, -n-) 3. Promise here.
-u , -n-AE --L - 3. Questions (vo) ( y-) Sunil: You have already shown me all the
I / We shall; you, he, she, it
-p sights here.
and they will -. 1. Definite happens 1. Indefinite future Sukumar: There are still two or three
You, he, she,
Dad: Sumanth, this time I expect you (*a- ---- N-) (E-Pa N-uh) more places to be seen. We
it and they
to score better than last time. 2. Orders & Commands (c) 2. Feelings & emotions shall go there.
3. Warnings (a-J-) (, -- -n-) Sunil: Won't one day (will not one day) be
(J ---- \ Speaker enough?
\ -\ -h----o) 4. Assurances (O) 3. Questions (vo)
(x-- a) 5. Promises ( y-) Sukumar: Will you then stay here for
Sumanth: Sure, dad. I will do my best to get
atleast oneday?
100%
3) Bhanu: When shall I be here tomorrow?
(-p-. ---- -\-- - p CE English practice . Sukumar: -\ N h. Bhaskar: You shall be here at 10. You
-a- - ---h- %--h.)
O-j- shall/ will . shall not be late.
Dad: I shall be happy to see you get it. ( v- N, %u
1) Anjali: v E- ------? = sight seeing, go sight- Bhanu: Won't 10 be (will not 10 be) too
(y a- ---) early?
Sumanth: Why you alone dad? Mother Ankita: assignment p com- seeing E .)
plete ? Sunil: -Fo -p- -- - -! Bhaskar: The meeting shall begin at 11
(she) will be happy too.
Anjali: y h? ? AM Sharp. (Sharp= -d)
(O-\ o-, t Sukumar: y -Lq-N -
Ankita: assignment complete Balu and Babu shall make all
----C) v---o. \- ---. arrangements. You shall super-
Dad: We (your mother and I) shall be --E y ---? Sunil: V ?
vise them.
vo: 1) All the glitters is not gold --o. - ? Everyone, subject --p C not meet the CM. j-- Rx CM -
E--E All the glitters are not gold --L ? singular . -E verb singular ---).
2) Sweet are the uses of adversity. DE L. -x All that glitters is not gold 4) '-u priesthood -a.
Sweet is the uses of adversity E L is d. -u, priesthood Jh -n-Eo --y-. -
. 2) Sweet are the uses of the adversity- sentence -u --u--, priesthood --u-- --
3) Taking a stick, he beat the dog. d. Word order 'The uses of adversity are - --d.
Having taken a stick he beat the dog. sweet' -C. (Sweet are these fruits E poet- 5)a) He has been appointed by the DEO- DEO
j u- N? ic N-y . prose order/ con- -E--N---f- DEO -E appoint
4) --u -%AhE -Tx- -? versation , These fruits are sweet -- --C. \ has been appointed
5) He has been appointed by DEO ). The uses of adversities are sweet o- J-T-- EE -L--h-C.
He is appointed by DEO p subject C? The uses ? C plural, - b) He is appointed by the DEO- \ verb, 'is
- u- N p---. E verb are. appointed' --C regular action, passive voice -
3) Taking a stick, he beat the dog - v BE \ --E ( Job E- -E) DEO
:
.-.-,
d- -E. Having taken a stick, he beat the dog appoint h. --E /--p- --E.
1) sentence- verb subject d n v--a-o y , \ d (a: A lecturer is appointed by the commit-
C? Sentence No.1 'all' sentence d . j n tee lecturer committee x appoint
everything, every one of - vAD n (a: Having gone to Hyderabad, he could h - E/--p E.
I --- --v- 19 -d 2005
Namitha: Hi Namrata, What brings you a/an oN a/an EN
here?
a book advice
(- --v-, a) an interview business
C --J O conversation a friend work
Namratha: I want a book from you, and
an hour
advice from your father
a meeting
( F _--* h L. \ a/an book, interview,
O o-J L) friends, hour, meeting- OE countables
Namitha: What book?
. , , , 10, 20
Namratha: The book, 'How to face
E \--d--L-T-N.
Interviews'. I am attending an
book - one book, three books etc.
interview the day after. friend - one friend, two friends etc. 4) 'A' p? 'An' p? 2. Anil: O x TV ?
(How to face Interviews hour - one hour, three hours etc. -- Lesson N-J-*--x , Amar: vo? Vx TV E
h L . x meeting - one meeting, two meetings, , , , , , , , , , l- v x ?
Interview attend yL) etc. jFo countables.
Namitha: And what do you want my dad's
u English -- 'An' . ( Vx nowadays)
uncountables. \--d--EN. N l- v u Anil: v---J TV --?
advice? eg: Water - one water, two waters -
A, An --Lq-!
'a' . Ant (\ 'a' * l (... you mean )
( o-J ?) . , sugar, rice, milk, etc. Fo 'an') Amar: l C-. u---A
Namratha: I have got interview calls for numbers p. d N
admission in MBA in two col-
a) An Ant, An abode (); x--J TV C.
uncountables.
leges- Potti Sreeramulu
College, and Prakasam School
of Management. I want to know
from your dad which is the bet-
ter
(MBA --E col-
leges * interview letters
a. C * O o an arm, an egg();
--J-E --T ----E). An Indian (); 3. Kumar: \- _- j school
Namitha: Congrats. All the best. But my
An ox, an idea () etc. ?
dad is out on business. He's
(=He has) gone out to call on a
-x--- 35 an honour ();
an hour () etc
Karim: \ schools o.
Kumar: s * school
friend. b) a Tree, a Book etc L.
( o- E-O - -C---E v-h follow . University - () Karim: schools *.
}, friend - 1) English countables v plu- Kumar: O - school suggest
rals .
d a University M. SURESAN
--E). European - () (*-) h?
(call on= uhE - The PM ( v singular, d a European Answers:
called on the President yesterday). \ plural) N: A , An C 1. Suman: I want to see a good doctor.
Namratha: When will he be back? Singular Plural Suresh: I know a good doctor (around)
Countable Singular a d
(p AJ--h?) book books C. here.
Namitha: In an hour perhaps. pen pens (here E d. Around here \-
eg: a question - an important question
man men _- C conversational. --x
( ) a story - an uninteresting story
Namratha: I have work at home. Will he be child children
an idea - a useless idea .)
at home this evening? sheep (v) sheep (v) Suman: Does he charge high?/ Does he
a boy - an honest boy
2) uncountables \--d--EN. O plural charge a high fee?/ Does he
(x C. v 5) Uncountables A/an p .
x ?) . a Water, a milk ! charge high fees?/ Are his fees
Namitha: He has a meeting to attend. (milks, golds, silvers . milk, high?/ Is his fee high?/ Is he
gold, silver N uncountables d O
n -E English x---p
(- meeting C). h----Lq N-: expensive?
Namratha: Then I will see him tomorrow plural . Suresh: Yes. He does.
a) countables v singular, plural
morning 3) Very very important: English counta- (He charges high)
ble singular \ E- *a-
( -Eo --- h). b) countable singular A/ an - Suman: How much does he charge?
j -- underlined words 'a' F 'an' F L. Suresh: A hundred rupees the first time.
a) A cow (cow - countable singular) gives
Lq
? x Eo-- 'a' or 'an' c) Uncountables Plural (hundred, thousand, lakh, crore, million,
milk ( hC) etc - Fo countable singulars. d
o. --JEo- -. d) Uncountable A/ an .
b) An umbrella (umbrella- countable sin- O- p- 'a' L.
n ---Lq important
vo: Weak verbs, Strong verbs N? gular) is in that corner (
points:
132 = A hundred and thirty two.
C) 1500= A thousand and five hundred.
OE a-- p-E-? --- c) A watch (watch - countable singular) Uncountable , E plural
bank notes v 'A' one h)
---- N-J---.
shows the time , E- A/ an . Suman: OK. That's enough. I am all right. I
: '-ed', '-d', '-t' a
u, o, t-
(Watch Time -hC) (Dictionary --o \ (C) F,
don't need a doctor now/ any
, \ Countable singular (U) F C. (C) countable, (U)
x past tense, past participle more.
*a E- p 'a' 'an' -- uncountable. Eod Eg---- 2) Anil: Have you a TV at home?
p verbs weak verbs L. 'A/ an' h, E)
. O Regular verbs . - p. Amar: What a question! Is there a home
E . d) A doctor treats patients C u- English practice . without a TV nowadays?
(d - ju h Treat - eg:
eg: Present - Past - Past Anil: Do you mean that all people have
ju Treatment - ju) Ram: Fan hC?
Participle TVs?
A / an - ' E n. (What does a fan do?)
1. talk - talked - talked (Do you mean, - C practice
English A / an x - Ramana: L-E-hC.
2. love - loved - loved . n F l-?/ n? E.
3. smell - smelt - smelt . English A cow gives milk (It gives air)
What do you mean? - F n, F l
L-C j verbs verbs Eo-E d. Ram: \- fan d.
(Please fix a fan here).
N?)
'-ed', '-d' or '-t' a y past tense, o - , '--L-hC Amar: I do not mean that. All middle
past participle form N weak/ regular 1. Suman: * doctor ---
F, ' L-hC . class people have TVs.
verbs. N -L-y-? --o. 3) Kumar: Is there a school near/ around
Strong verbs irregular verbs E Suresh: \- * doctor .
' { -----C here?
. N past tense, past participle, weak Suman: \ fees B--?
F, { -----C Karim: There are two schools.
verbs , verb form p p- . English x---p Countable (fees N B-- = charge)
Kumar: I want a good school for my
Singulars a / an omit h. C Suresh: \ B--.
-. son?
eg: Present - Past - Past Participle Suman: B--?
J-. Karim: Both the schools are equally
1. Sing - sang - sung S} h--. English Countable Suresh: --- --J. good.
2. Know - knew - known Singulars a / an . L. Suman: . o. Kumar: Which school do you suggest?
3. do - did - done -- p doctor - .
verbs strong verbs.
I --- --C- 21 -d 2005
vo:
. d d . - h. English finishing them.
He went out an hour ago.
pronunciation E origin d C. Prasanth: Shall I go then? I have impor-
went
\ L- d O E E -Eo-d. C a English , tant work at home too. Shall I
use Went (Past doing
E p. * *a Eo d take some paper? I have an
word) d. J C. d Dictionery E pronunciation assignment to do. I am taking
She has gone out just a minute ago. -- _. -? vo four sheets.
has gone
u L-. F - -. Pramod: Will that (they) do?
I --- - 25 -d 2005
Jagadeesh: I came for you yesterday. You verbs verb form: was + ing / Were
were out. + ing.
(Eo F a. Singular subjects (I, he, she, it, they)
Nyx ) was + ing . Plural subjects (we, you,
You were out = y x . they) were + ing -C.
Were you in? = Nyx -o? (English you = y / O; n
. in, out, be forms *o- C plural verb )
conversation --a. *o- Was + ing / were + ing form verb, past
*o --i - spoken english x-- continuous tense C.
C - E-hC. *o -- C sentences .
Eo - --- conversation a) -L *a--p h -- While the teacher was teaching the
Pradeep: TV hC.
u. o = I was reading a book when he pupils were talking
Jayanth: I was at Sekhar's. I was playing Pratap: hoE O--J L-
came in. u teacher teach , x
chess with him. b)
?
- *a--p - C = x- Continuous past Pradeep: h-o-E . F
( Rxx o. - The sun was shining when we went out. actions ! -E was + ing / were + ing.
--o) E s B--h-ox
L-.
vo: 1) I am having lunch vo: Present perfect tense, present perfect ( ~ t Present perfect - p---, Present
2) They are having juice continuous tense u N? perfect continuous - p-o ). O
3) She is having a bath They have been living here for 10 years, -- \ -- p-a. --
4) He is having a lesson They have lived here for 10 years. N- lessons O J* Ja--o.
O N d, N . N-J---. J---. b) They have been living here for 10 years -
.N.---- -, t---, x- --, ---, 10 x \ -o p-
Whose is it?
book -E)
Bharat: I attended your sister's dance
programme the other day. It was
really good. Who is her dance
teacher?
(V O sister u v-z
. C. dance
d) i) C (\) Avinash:
teacher ?) -JC?
Bhargav: Our family friend Mrs. Nrityasri.
<? = Is this her Alankar: Uncle C
The Choreography was com-
pletely hers. The Singer is also a
-x--- 39 sari?
ii) < C =
Avinash: - C xC?
Alankar: x Grand father's time *
friend of ours. This sari is not hers
my dad. It is her idea. e) i) teacher =
x.
(N family friend. %u 4) Prameela: Eo J necklace C?
z-y (Choreography)
(. o t She is our teacher
(Pronunciation J--v)
-*-hC. C idea) ii) p C M. SURESAN
O d a--?
N-. --N friend) Prasad: Any way, it is for our good. Their -C? = How x? (d: relatives)
Bharat: Does Mrs. Nrityasri run a school? interest is our success. is this fault ours? Laxmi: C x-C-. x -Fo v
f) i) C watch = This is his watch
( \ --?) (--, C * . o.
run -/Ey-- x-\---C N-) ii) watch -C ? = Isn't (Is not) ANSWERS:
Bhargav: Yes, She and her husband. Their Prakash: OK, then. When shall we begin?
this watch his?
1) Is this your car? / Is this car yours? where
school is famous. Some of great (, p v-Gl?) g) i) C x h = This is their property
movie dancers were students of Prasad: Depends on money. Its availabili- are its keys?
ii) C x h -C? = How is
theirs. ty is everything. 2) Kasim: Who came yesterday? / Who
this property theirs?
( s O -- C. was it that came yesterday?
(. , h - h) i) x.. J-- d
= I like the
--o. o school. E--xE E availability (u) ) Krishna: My friend / A friend of mine
house and its surroundings
p dancers -C x j ---E possessives C- ( expression conversation
-- possessives a. ii) v EN =The wheels are its.
Nu-n) Very important: E, EE -Eo its \ -)
famous - =o, v -Cl- 1. Whose? (J?)
. \ S apostrophe (') Kasim: Did he take your bike?
dancers - q Whose? (-JC? / -JN?)
2. my () . Apostrophe It's It is E. Krishna: That was not mine. That was
j -- underline - his bike. Mine and his look the
mine (C / N) Apostrophe (') l --
-E-.
n 3. your (F / O) Eo -hC) same / look alike only, mine is
1. Whose (book)? J (h)? / -JC? yours (FC, OC / FN, ON) Eg: 1) This car and its wheels= , E slightly older than his.
2. My (book) (h) 4. his () v. \ 'only'
-E- C the
3. Mine C his (-C / -N) 2) It's my car = It is my car. (C only things E short farm- DE
4. Your (book) O / F (h) 5. her (\) hers (C / N) ) n '\ N N- / --N-
5. Yours OC / FC 6. our ( / ) - Now practice the following aloud in simple ' E. slightly=
6. his (book) (h) ours (C / N, English: (j possessive )
Cl.
7. his -C C / N) 1) F? E -N?
7. their (x, ) theirs (xN, C / 2) Kasim: Eo *a--? conversational bits.
8. her (\ dance teacher) 3) Avinash: Why are you vacating the
9. hers C xN, N) Krishna: o- (my, mine
10. our (family friend) 8. its (E) its (EC / EN) house? Is it not yours? / Don't
)
you own it?
vo: -- ---u -spoken english -a--o-. 7. o -- al (Vacate pronunciation: - /
--- tenses --u-? spoken english - 8.Sir, Madam E E-~--u- -a? -- \ -L n S-
--- - ---L? 9. S.C., S.T. d-- L? - (x N)
: Tenses a-- u. -- : 1. Is your tap off? / Have you turned off your tap? Alankar: No, it's (it is) not ours.
..----v, o >. N, -Lx
Avinash: Whose is it, then?
vocabulary (, n, N / Has your tap been turned off?
--- -). W English 2. I have admitted him in college Alankar: Our uncle's
Newspaper n , -- -. 3. The teachers are making the students sweep Avinash: How long has it been theirs?
vd --x L C. u les- the class rooms / The teachers are getting the Alankar: (It has been theirs) since their
sons simple present, N tense N- students to sweep the rooms / The teachers grandfather's time.
have the students sweep the rooms.
vo: -C u- Tx- L-----.
N-J. -. 4) Prameela: Whose necklace was lost /
4. I will take you to the movie
1. O x ? 5. I taught him cycling was missing yesterday?
2. -E -@ Jp- 6. I put him to bed You had relatives yesterday,
3. -u- x- --h-o 7. Don't compare me with others / Don't compare was it theirs?
4. Eo E- B--- me to others- -s-Eo-d Laxmi: No, not theirs; their ornaments /
5. - j \ Jp- 8. -J-j Sir / Madam E -a.
jewels are all safe.
6. -E ---d 9. S.C.s and S.T.s
I --- --- 30 -d 2005
Srilekha: Did you meet them yesterday?
Supriya: y - ----
(Eo y x ---o?) ? -E y d---?
Surekha: Whom do you mean?
Suchithra: O v o--! -E d-
(y-C J J*?) --?
Srilekha: Savithri and her husband
(- F-d -)
(NvA, h J*) Supriya: Brother, sister -J-- d--
Surekha: I met her, but not him
N
( ---o, E -E Suchithra: v- --O vl
---) . o worry hC.
Srilekha: Did you show her the letter? (to whom were you talking?)
(neglect ) d 'a fever', her=)
( letter -?) writing, formal writ-
Supriya: v - trouble My father likes my brother very
C D
Surekha: Yes, I Showed it to her. She will ing h.
y. t o --- much. He gives him ()
show it to him today. Spoken form v, 'to' - sentence
-. x- v-h whatever he wants. only, he asks
(- -. ---. C -o him to study well (him=E)
* hC. sentence 'whom' ,
- -hC) who v-Gh. 'who' (whom -Lq
B--h. q tLo Supriya: By the by, our teacher gave us an
Srilekha: Did she enquire about me? x) questions v-G-- spoken
assignment yesterday.
English d.
- n
-
- L
-
.h ..
Jo -----o?
Who (whom ) do you want to see?
-J h- h-o?
Who are you writing (letters) to ?
c) -JE J* x---o?
Who are you talking about? (whom )
d) -J x-C?
(-- --o conver- Who did he quarrel with?
( J* T?) sation topic a-- e) -JE Eo?
Surekha: She wishes to see you. She
-x---
p 'by the by'- - Who (Whom ) did you see yesterday.
asked me to give you her best 40 'C- . us = f) Jo Rx - M
wishes. She wants us to visit her
). When did he ask I do not know who she married
soon. She likes to give us a din-
Ny-h. us (Lo) to complete ( sentences whom
ner.
Suchithra: brother it.? . Who common, spoken
( Eo ----C. Eo-- ---. Eo t Suchithra: The coming English)
T-x p-C. Lo Rx---J y doctor _- Saturday, I M. SURESAN
p -
tC. dinner y---- B--}. o v think. But Hari: (over phone) Hello, who is it please?
C.) d. -C -o isn't it (= is it not) a holiday for (?)
Srilekha: That's fine. Let's go to them Hemanth: It's (it is) me, Hemanth
us? (us =
h.- --E v ) (,
tomorrow in my car. I will show -)
-. Supriya: Who told you so?/ Who told you
them my new car. Hari: That's nice, hearing your voice... after
Supriya: C-, Eo assign- that? Whom did you ask?
(C. x a long time.
ment a . Jh----
_- . h x [[[[[ ( , y F
o Lo?
-h.) Suchithra: a E- -. a) y Eo -JE ---o? = Whom N)
-- them, whom, her, him, did you meet yesterday? L. - Hemanth: Was that your brother who
--V ? appeared in the TV serial yester-
you, us, me -E-. Jo = whom. - spo-
Supriya: p E? -o--
English conversation natural , ken English whom who -h- day?
y? (Eo TV serial E--*C O
simple --- O n, OE Eo o. C d spoken English.
Answers:
brother ?)
Who did you meet yesterday?
- -sx C --- Suchithra: My brother helps me a lot () Hari: Yes, it's (= it is) him (, ) and
u. *o-*o - o --E n- He likes me very much C u formal written English the little girl he was walking with... do
Fo -- simple con- Supriya: Do you help him too? Do you like ( p ). you know who she is? ( -ho
versation --- --a. lesson
him too? Who did you meet yesterday? *o- F ?)
J* --. (-; -E: Do you also help him? C spoken form, conversational. Hemanth: Wasn't it (was it not) your
I =
o Do you help him too- \- - b) y Eo -J x---o? youngest sister?
me = o;
Spoken English) (Spoken) Who (Whom ) Hari: Yes, it's her.
we =
Suchithra: You have a brother too. Were you talking to yesterday? j -- -E-: It's me, it's him,
us = t-, / -,
(-- p-x also o too better.) (-, formal
, To whom It's her. - , It is I, It is he, It is
you = y / O
Don't you (=Do you not) like him? (o) were you talking yesterday? E .) she -E -. F spoken
you = Eo, Nt-- / F, O English It's me, It's her, It's him -
Supriya: Nothing surprising a brother and a \ -E--Lq N: Preposition
he =
sister liking each other. 'to'- sentence . sen- d.
him = -E, -
Suchithra: But my brother neglects stud- tence 'to' begin h whom L.
she =
ies. That worries me.
-v-o:
(o)
her = , ( \) 1. Shop closed - u Negative.
Supriya: My brother doesn't (does not) give
it = C 2. Shop n't closed
me that kind of trouble/ such trou- J---?
it = EE, E 3. Not shop closed n?
ble. (such=that kind=)
they = x, N 4. School going children. DEE Negative N- L?
He helps my parents too a lot. He
them = x, E/ x, 5. World's largest selling Newspaper. DEE Negative - -
takes good care of them.
who =
(Them=x) ---.
whom = -JE/ -J.
He gets us what we want
---: 1, 2, 3
(). . , j-
n- - d-E *a He makes us laugh with his jokes Shop closed - DE shop not closed. Shopn't closed - n't
Surekha, Srilekha dialogue G_- -J form - x . an, is, are... v . Not
(tLo)
-. Suchithra: My brother helps us too. My shop closed j English . \ shop not closed
Practice the following aloud in English. 'shop open' better . 4. Non school going children C
mother had a fever yesterday
Suchithra: brother school going children negative. 5. The world's largest selling
and he took her to doctor.
h. o d---. (English fever, countable, News paper negative - not the world's largest selling newspaper
(like ) -a.
I [- 1 d 2005
Radha: Hi Roja, how are you? long since we past participle (pp) [.
met. a) E ---o.
( o? L I have met (have + pp) him.
V-jC.) \[ , j ( V, , ,
Roja: Fine thank you. How are you?
etc.) ---oD L-----[ x
( o. y o?) have met- have + pp [-o.
Radha: Fine to. Thanks. How about going to
b) I met him yesterday.
the movie Black?
\[ yesterday E j L--[
(o! x E -?) x Past Doing Word [-o)
Roja: I've (I have) seen it. Think of some
c) He has gone out.
other movie.
time L--[ ]. d has gone
(C . E j p) - has + pp (for the past / for the last ten years = III) have + pp/ has + pp, just, just now p--
Radha: I haven't (I have not) seen it so far.
d) He went out an hour ago. -x x v # p) p h- - [.
so far=
(p C [-]. (
v E j L--[ x 2) --x Tx C. a) x p v--iC.
p) went- Past Doing Word) (p) The class has just begun.
Roja: That's surprising. It has run for three
e) She has bought a car. He has taught English for the past/ for the b) Rx-p a.
weeks now, and you haven't seen it!
( oC.) last four years
. They have just arrived.
(au ! C [ - f) She bought it last week.
[-C. y [-?) 3) p 100 #vx -#C.
She has acted in 100 movies so far.
Radha: How about some coffee before going
( EE ] oC)
to a movie? -E- 4) ].
(E-x ] h -?) - j LE Past Actions He has not come yet/ so far.
j L..?
Roja: I have just had coffee. I don't feel like
drink any more. ( -) have/ has + pp . (p ] -[
(p . Sx -E ].) JT j L Past Actions Past p J-TC).
-- -E--Lq N Doing Words [. (yet = ; so far = p)
have + past participle (have + pp) / has + pp d have + pp/ has + pp d--] - \[ -E-.
I, We, You and They
-. have +
Past actions, time not stated (j have been/ has been- N forms.
pp [. He, She, It has + pp L--E, J-T) - [. ] -o.
[. DEo present perfect tense . eg: 1) y E-- -?
p # p
form verb Have you seen the movie?
J-Eo --- [-Eo 'have been/
has been' L--h.
a) My father (he) has gone out.
2) [ a?
Has he come?
( o x) 3) F #a? C u- How about going to the movie Black?
b) My mother has bought a saree for my sis- J-Q-L-.
ter.
a) He has been a c) EN v RxC.
( t d- < oC.) teacher of English for
c) My friends (they) have left for Hyderabad. She has gone out just a minute ago.
M. SURESAN
x 26
the past two years.
( vq j]-- x.) sentences just
]--. p[
d) Tendulkar has scored thirty five centuries
( x Tx past action time not stated -C.
so far.
o[.) They have just gone.
Have you received the invitation?
([-\ 35 -K d[.) b) He has taught English for the past two Rx-p x.
years.
e) The class has just begun.
4) \- RxC?
They have gone.
Where has she gone?
(x p viC) ( -x Tx C- p x x.
f) We haven't (have not) read the report yet.
5) p [ x a[.
He has already (p-) changed two
.) C u- English G_- practice
( p Jd ]--]) c) He has been an English teacher. .
cars.
C - [[. 1) [-\ 15 -q-- v
p[ v-h E- II) have + pp/ has + pp
d) He has taught (C action) English for the
I) ] --o past actions,
[.
past two years.
vi p J-T/
time stated ( JT, j L -) -o (p-[-p[) have + 2) Rx-\[ E--? ( How
j[ sentences Eo [ N- long [)
Past Doing Words (came, sang, liked, knew pp/ has + pp [.
verbs) [. 3) p -].
state of being
1) \[ x o. ([[), 4) x - h -].
1) JT j L-E, L--E - I have lived here for the past/ for the last
action (E) L---h-o. 5) E p viC.
have + past participle (pp)/ has + ten years.
6) x h C-?
vo: ux [ 2001 # E.
7) y-p-[o ?
English v p[ Am I- not Aren't I L. 8) \ V # L ]--
2003 \[ - o[ [[, p[ [Eo p--E vo: p Tx- active voice o. (since our school days [).
uEo Tx- 'He was a am, is, are; ox p--E passive voice N? 9) \[ E ?
teacher here from 2001 to 2003' was, were --Th. 10) Rx ].
2001 # 2003 (past)
. -u, -
Answers:
E . - verb- pres-
ent tense, English past tense d, He was a teacher here from : verb 'be' form + past participte 1) Tendulkar has played cricket for the past
2001 to 2003 d. (PP) C passive voice. N
C -d N-J-. fifteen years.
forms C active. Passive voice 2) How long have they worked here?
uh A [ 'Ah - uh A o-p[
verb [ n - 3) She has not taken/ has not had tea so far.
J# p--p[ 'Ah past was, present is,
be form verb -- future will be/ shall be -
hC. 4) They haven't (have not) written a letter to
T-L? Question tag Am I/ -T-L. Shops are closed on sundays. me for the past four months.
(verb- are closed- are (beform) + closed 5) The movie has just begun.
Are I, Amn't I/ Aren't I C Manmohan Singh was a Finance
(PP), verb- passive) - 6) Have they read the book?
--T-L? Minister ()
C-- shops --[-. 7) Have you ever helped me?
Manmohan Singh is Prime Minister
XA o-v--]-, --[ 8) We have studied together since our school
: - p[ o o[,
- passive [. English
days (since =
(vh) #).
Manmohan Singh will be the PM for \ 9) How long have you worked here?
C . C past E, present simple - C.
some time to come (future) 10) They have not come so far.
I --- --C 4 -d- 2005
Sukanya: Hi Sumithra? I saw you at Sell All There are four hundred pupils in the school
Super Market yesterday. Busy school - --- C x--o.
buying things? 2. inside o in o .
(Eo Eo Sell All Super Market _ inside v-- - n
. -?) hC. in E n.
Sumithra: Mom was inside. She was buying Pranav: Where are your friends?
provisions. I was waiting outside. Prabhat: They are in the car. Look inside
By the by, you know we have and you will see them. They were
moved. We now live in Gandhi outside the car till ten minutes ago.
Nagar. (Car o. , x
(tC - . -Eh.C EN- -- x
wait ho. ... od, -o) The plane flew at great speed across the
3. above = j. -u j po -x --E, 'by'
x . p D--- sky
The government has the duty to see that -.
o.) a) O x a? plane - -j *
every person has a roof above their
- x, -Eo shift head. Did you come by car? -j -R}C.
. move - d. vA-Jj p x b) bus -- a-. He came by bus 6. at the back of = --j
x -o vy NC by train, by plane, by ship (back side -, backside n -,
-.. move
We are moving to a new house tomorrow c) - K a E)
(vA--J E Lp--)
class j a-
--p-
He always sits at the back of the class.
Bus ao v -
Shift ~ --o.
The passenger at the back of the bus were
safe.
at the back of the room = C -
behind the room = C
some one at the back of the hall was
Sukanya: My uncle is in Gandhi Nagar too. The goods came shouting
Where exactly is your home by lorry. Hall - -h-o.
there? Top (p)
-x--- 42 There is a tap behind the hall
E
( uncle x D---- - - Hall - C. ( Hall )
. O x correct \?) 'on' hC. Practice the following aloud in English.
Sumithra: At 12-14-16 on Nehru Street. It is The fan is just above you on cycle, on
to the right of make Money Bank a) Stella: O Eo Card B-?
Fan correct - -F j C. scooter, on bike,
Ltd., if you stand in front of it. We Nikhila: Eo - } . j---
'above' h-/ E- j. fan on camel, on ele- M. SURESAN
live on the ground floor. above your head - , fan S phant on horse-
o.
(Nehru Street Door No. 12-14-16 . Stella: O-\--?
E. --Ej - S C 'above'. back.
Make Money Bank - E- E Nikhila: -o---, M- O-C .
--E-j -E , C 4. under, below:
Stella: O - road --L-j
'on'.
-j). - n C.
Sukanya: Hei, your place is just under my Pen, table O C x d a-o -School C-?
uncle's. He lives on the first floor. Nikhila: . E - x.
the pen is on the table. They sat under a tree.
(O-C uncle x . OC Stella: O application O
Table O lamp C ( d t x-j o)
ground floor, xC I floor). There is a lamp above the table. From the helicopter, the minister saw d. Yours faithfully
Sumithra: Happy to know that they are on ( table O light -x lamp table below him the areas under water E-. Application -j.
the 1st floor just above us. Just j C). Helicopter * vA- h Fx-C ANSWERS:
across the road is an ice cream 'On' J* u-i N. - v- -E-. Stella: Didn't you (Did you not) take your
shop. I think it was your uncle's n j, O -- -Eo- 'on' Correct E- - under.
son sitting at the back of the shop ration card yesterday?
--. , n 'in' -. -E -\-- below. Nikhila: I was out of town yesterday
and enjoying an ice cream. English - , --E From the window of the II Floor, he saw
(Out of station ).
(x-\ j -{-- - - -sx 'on' hC. below a man or the road.
C. ice cream I was in Hyderabad.
eg: Road E-o Correct
shop C. O uncle J s - Stella: Where do you live?
a) d-- Eo train ---o - . - \ level h Nikhila: In Governorpeta; in / on Alibaig
, ice cream shop aE ice I first met him on a train. (In a train ) .
cream A-o) Street
b) G- - C :
\ prepositions -E-: (Road , Street in, on j)
His name is not on the list. The ground floor is under the first floor.
Eox preposition , Stella: Isn't there a School across the
c) team o? Is he on the team? (ground floor h - C)
. Eg: at the back of. 5. Across = --L-. road from your place?
d) x x C The house is on fire.
-- conversation prepositions: e) Plane 50 C v---o My home is across the road from the bank Nikhila: Yes. My home is just opposite
at, inside, outside, in, to the right of, on, There are fifty passengers on the plane. Bank * road --L- -x. the school.
under, above, across, at the back of. f) d = C- --L -j = across the river. Stella: Please sign on this application,
-O--E position (-- h/ E His name is not on the row. - -j * -j = below the 'yours faithfully' line. on
) ---E ----E --C-- -- N spoken English vh -LqN. across the sky. the right side.
-o. -p- J-Eo N-:
at: -d . in =
1. I saw you at the Super Market -v-o: Have
ing form C . Has ing -v-o: 'Over', 'above'
u N? -s C L?
Super Market _ form
?
----:
-.-.- -v-, -l-, -Pa----J ->-x
-d Super Market _- (). Prepositions Over, above - F j n -a.
----: Has C He, She, It
d -J --%g, j--
In the Super Market = Super Market 1) Our class room is above / over your class room.
I was at the Super Market from 5 p.m. to (L-T--, A, b) My father wants to have two roomed portion above / over the first floor.
6 p.m. n). Have C Verb form.
The goods in the Super Market are
-x above, over j -a.
E v ing hC. Has ii) He is over 35 years of age but looks younger.
expensive. . - He, She, It
j ux at , in -E-. Speak verb speaks - ( q 35 }- \--, *o -Eh.)
5 * 6 Super Market C. p ing form speak \ over v . Above .
o, h- . v . Speaks iii) -L j o-p Over .
Goods in the Super Market speaking . Have He jumped over the wall. ( OC . \ above )
Super Market E h-. He, She, It has . iv) u, s, time -o \ E p--E over .
x School o Speaks ing a-d has
The children are at school. The book costs over Rs. 300 = h K . 300o \.
ing a. talk. Talk- He,
x x Class o She, It talks -C. ing form He waited over three hours = --o \ wait .
The children are in class. talk hF talks a . There are over 30 students = 30 students o \ o.
I --- -- 6 -d- 2005
Rama Rao: What are your College hours?
College
(O E-- ?) v-- E/ h- o-x L-
Prakash: Our College works from 9 to 3.30.
N .
We go for lunch between 12.30
J-Eo prepositions of time l.
Naresh: what is the last date for the sub-
and 1.30
mission of application?
College 9
( * 3.30 (Application submit -Lq *-J-
E--hC. 12.30, 1.30 u C C?)
h) Narayana: On or before the 15th of next
Rama Rao: When do you usually start for
month. we issue applications
college?
upto the 28th of this month.
college
(O * Applications will be available
p ----?) even after that date till the 30th Pranav: My friend will join me there in July.
Prakash: Because our Classes begin at (E-. last week exam first
AM, PM -p-?..
of this month, but we charge a Together we will return in August.
9.00 in the morning, I usually start mark *aC. ---C o-\
late fee of Rs 5 per day. We friend
( July
\- h.
about 8.30, as it takes around half August \ --J)
have been selling applications l AJ-T-h)
an hour for me to reach college. I
am at college by 8.55. But why
are you asking me all the these
questions?
(Classes 9 v -
d, - 8.30
v ----. College
--E _ _ - -
C. -i 8.55 xcol-
lege . vo-Fo
since the 5th. Our Office is open uC h-u-- n IN
---o?) from 10 AM to 5 PM, and appli-
Rama Rao: I am from the RTC. We are .
cations are issued during that Kumar: (Over to phone) Where are you
gathering information to plan
our bus services to suit stu-
time.
---E Prepositions of time -x--- 43 Krishna? I am waiting for you
Krishna: Sorry, I'll be with you in five min-
dents needs. When does the
before (the 15th), upto (the 28th of this
college usually reopen after utes.
month), till (the 30th), Since (the 5th), during There are 30/ 31
summer vacation? (sorry, EN,
(that time). days in a month.
RTC
( * h-o. Prepositions of time
p - ( 30/ 31 EN- y F _-)
Nu-n --- -- l? He came back in ten minutes.
Bus services ---E V)
1. at: Our classes begin at 9 There are only 28/ 29 10 EN-- (C EN--
- -J-ho. N classes
(9 v-) days in February. ) AJT a.
yCollege *a- j E --o-p (February
28/ 29 It'll be ready in a week's time.
p -h? time at hC. V .) M. SURESAN C -E ( V -
Prabhakar: Usually in June, on the 3rd
Our College closes for the day at 4 C) j C.
Monday
(-T- college --C.) My sister was born in 1999. (1999 Important: every, next, last, that, this
June
(- , )
\ -E-. l, v The Government came to power in 2004. in on
F, F .
-)
Rama Rao: For howmany days does the
time E *---E spoken English, (2004 ) Shops are closed every Sunday
college work in a year?
Conversation AM, PM . There are 12 months in a year
(on every Sunday )
College
( -q-, Eo conversation in the morn- (-q- 12 --) He comes here next Monday
ing, in the evening etc., . Purely offi- (on next Monday )
V E--hC?)
cial spoken/ written form v AM, uC(Period of time) *---E 'in'
He was here last Saturday
Paul: For about 180 days, without counting
exam days PM. . (on last Saturday )
At 4 PM, at 9.30, at half past ten (10.30), etc. The police were able to catch the killer in a
(exams V I'll begin it this Monday
2. on: On days day
(On this Monday
180 V) p, ( x, )
j ---E Prepositions -E-. V) , dates (D) (-h-E M- \--V d---L-.) He didn't see her that day (on that day )
from, to, between, about, around, by, at . The teacher finished the whole chapter in in
.
after, in, on, for. Suseela: When are you leaving for just a week The tournaments will begin next June
Prepositions Hyderabad? (Teacher h chapter
O -E j (in next June )
Fo Time (--E) -C-* Suguna: On Sunday, that is, on the 4th.
Jh) She met him last December
Prepositions Time
E. jFo , Suseela: When is the interview?
Suguna: On Monday. I will be back here
u-C N, - (in last December )
V, , -q, uC L J -- \ -sx They go to Kashmir every May
h-o ! on the 6th, that is, on Tuesday
3. in: Months years Manoj: Why are you so happy, Mohan? (in every May
at (9.00 in the morning), about (8.30), (), (-q-), )
around (half an hour), after (summer vaca- uC(duration) IN
hC. (, - o C Vocabulary .
tion), in (June), on (the 3rd Monday), in (a Pranav: I will be in Kashmir in June. ?) Fo - L-N. (Pronunciation)
year), for (howmany days) - brackets
\ (June Kashmir
) Mohan: Why not? I got the first mark in last 1) Charming = N = -{---i
oN time expressions ! -E O- Paul: For how long? week's exam. The first time I C - a; v-h a;
Eo-E prepositions of place and position - (-, Eo--V?) scored so high in a year. E-, h- -a.
a) She is very Charming in that dress.
vo: what does he think of himself? E a. what does he think iv) Join a college/ a group/ a course - join
- -sx y ( dress -{-- C)
b) He was Charming towards us
about himself --? preposition J* -N--J-- preposition .
v) attend = attend college/ class/ marriage etc.
-- ( x--- o)
:
N.--- - V, j-- 2) Chase
attend to = j u- . () = - -.
My Father is attending to the repairs of our house. a) The tiger chased the deer.
i) -sx of, about -E (L > --C)
( E ---o)
-a. Think of, think about correct. attend on = -, A-- -u b) The police were chasing the thief.
ii) Prepositions J* N-Jh-o. a) Please attend on the guests (--M- -- f)
iii) agree with = uh --N-. (Gusets -) 3) Drag (v \ 'v,
agree to = E-j p-- b) When I was ill my sister attend on me. Bank ba -L)=
He agreed to stay for another day sister i) He dragged the boy into the room
vo:
( ---p -C)
V---E p--o. Letter writing
* "Thanking you" . C j, (C- )
She agreed to the proposal Thank you N-J---. ii) She dragged him into the quarrel
-V- -- in.. on
J) J L---- N*-v) (O vU p B--o?) (v 6.30, v)
Kushal: When did it end?
(p T-C?)
Koushik: Around 8. (8, v)
About, Around, prepositions of
time, , n time L --
.
a) \ - o
Rahul: Yes. The 15th was a Saturday. We I was there for about half an hour.
Candidate: In April 2000 (April 2000 )
did not have classes on the morning b) 2002 x teacher
Officer: What have you been doing
of Saturday. E--C.
since then?
(15
classes
D E-. --V l -x--- 44 (p * Since then - She worked as a teacher for about/
)
O h-o?) around two years till 2002.
Ravi: You were planning to go home,
Candidate: I was a teacher for two years c) We reached home (at) about 1.30
when are you leaving? Kumar: No, not 15
upto 2002. 1.30 .
( }----o , p days. I have
--o?) been here only
Since then I have been a j expression- 6 O' Clock, 5.30, 2.00
Software Programmer. (AM/ PM)- O- time E
Rahul: Yes, on the evening of the 25th since last
(, 25 v) Sunday. Only (2002 -x- teacher p--E at about . at C-
Ravi: How do you spend your evenings? 5 days. o. p--* Software about -.
(F -v h?) (. Programmer o (p- period of time 'over' h j
Rahul: Usually I go for a long walk in the \ M. SURESAN --/ ) E n.
evening C- Officer: During your period as Software Bhaskar: How long were you there yester-
(v u - - oC. 5 V) Programmer what computer day?
-) Kamala: And what have you been doing skills have you used? (Eo y \ ---o?)
\ Prepositions -E. in (the during the 5 days? (Software Programmer o , Bhavan: For over an hour (= for more than
morning), on (the morning of saturday), in (J --Vx y N?) computer skills O ?) an hour = --j).
(the evening), on the (the evening of the Kumar: During these five days I have been for, since, during prepositions of Bhaskar: When did he come?
25th) etc. busy buying books, clothes etc. time -. u since --p
prepositions of time: for,
( p--a?)
lesson C -- p verb, have been/ has Bhavan: It was over five when he came.
Prepositions of time. -- --- since, during. been; have + past participle/ has + Past par-
for the past 15 days - 15 ( a--J 5 C.)
oC.. 1) at, time
*a E L V- ticiple form
. -
Since last Sunday - last sunday
* Corrections:
; 2) on, days and dates , j * p-----F, EF n
During these 5 days -
Vx Spoken English 43 :
3) in, months and years E. 4) in, d. (6.9.2005 -*)
'for'
period of time
hC. for an Column line
uC (a period of time) L hour, for a day, for 10 days .
a) Delhi has been the capital of India since
*, *J ''O-Eo-
(C V-) prepositions of place and position-
F
. the time of the Pandavas
since
* E. v-- E/ h- o x
'In' (Parts of the day)
since 1999 (1999 *) (- * - Mx --E L-N E *aC.
. since he last saw me C E .) ''O-Eo-E Prepositions of time E
In the morning, in the evening, in the b) India was under the British rule during the ---L.
( o --p*).
after noon, in the night or at night. a) India has been independent for the past 18th, 19th and part of the 20th Centuries Last Column 5 j Kumar: (Over to
Krishna: When do you get up? 58 years. (18, 19 -l, 20 l -- Phone) (Over Phone) E L.
C Vocabulary o Line
(F p Ev h?) b) India has been independent since 1947 British - C.
Kesav: At 5 in the morning a) b) u- n . - about, around, prepositions of ''Fo - L-N ''O
a) No. 1) Eo, No. 2) and 3) - L-
( C-) o-x yv-- o time - o.
Krishna: When do you usually have lunch? -C. N E ---L.
(Lunch p h?)
Kesav: In the afternoon between 1.00 and
b) p--* y-v o
vo: Active Voice, Passive -C* doubt C. I shall do my
-C . home work passive
C. E I shall go to market..
1.30 Period of time 'for', Passive voice
u- . N? N-J-.
(uo 1, 1.30 u) point of time ( */ V */ N.-N, -Lx, K-- >x
-E-. (Parts of the day)
in - , morning, evening
-q *) o-p since L.
Since the vedic times ( *)
: I shall go to market- verbs (go - \ shall go) passive
. verb -JE, EE E vo - - a
etc., 'the' p hC. (In the morn- for the past last five thousand years -s- v passive C.
ing, in the evening etc.) (5000 x) Shall go- \ go } -JE }, EE } E vo
lesson conversation
-E-. I met him last in 2000 Jan - - . d passive .
a) In the morning; On the morning of ( -E 2000
*- ----J- 'do' EE - C d E passive
Saturday
vo: Tx- j p--p O' clock E . d Clock v --a-!
---o.) C.
b) In the evening; on the evening of the 25th. a) I have not met him for the past/ the last
, morning, evening
parts of the four years and ten months .x, Cl-
day in
hC. V --x C- -E ---. : O' Clock of the clock. Of the clock E C* p, - O' clock. \
morning,
D evening
op - b) I have not met him since January 2000 apostrophe (') C- lEo *-hC. d clock n . h- -
on
hC. January 2000 * --E ---. v O' clock . 7.25 O' clock .
I --- --C 11 -d- 2005
Subhash: Hi pranav, How are you getting Pratibha: When is he here everyday?
along? Prabha: He is here from morning 9 till
Pranav: O fine. How is it with you? evening 5.
Subhash: Fine too, thanks. Where in the Pratibha: Is he here upto 5?
work have you been? Ages since (5 ?)
we met. Prabha: He is here until 5 everyday.
(- \--o. -- (vA-W 5 --\)
E ----xC). ' n to, upto, till, until Fo
-Fo vo. . spoken English to, till
Pranav: I was in Bangalore for a month \.
from Aug. 1st to/ till Aug 31st, and Sriram: Raghu, for how long has your sister
ANSWERS:
then in Chennai from Sept. 1st to/ been here? p--- prepositions of place,
till Sept 6 th, and since then here. Raghu: for the past five days, since the 4th of position and time --o. a) Our office is on the 2nd floor. It is just
(Bangalore -, Chennai this month. Now practice the following sentences/ above the fancy shop on the first floor.
Sept. 6 th . p--* \) from , since : 'from' -u conversation aloud in English. b) Sunil: Where is the book?
Subhash: Happy you are back, and in a * , a) Office -h C. C Anil: In the shelf.
good shape too. You remember expressions . since -h-E fancy shop j C. Sunil: I thought it was in the box. I
my cousin Harsha? He is here
now. He has been here since the
till.. until..
last Saturday. He will be here
upto the end of this month.
(y u AJT *a--
. - ->- { h-o-?
---Ep- -\- --o- -- --E-
--*. - --- -
---) searched inside the box.
Pranav: What does he do here until then? b) Sunil: h \- (search for = -)
(-- \ h?) C? I looked for it inside the box.
Subhash: He is attending coaching classes -x--- 45 Anil: shelf
Sunil: d
Anil: It is on the notebook in the shelf.
Sunil: I have searched for it since yester-
for ICET.
(\ ICET Coaching B- --o. day.
--o) -. / K/ / - c) Prabhat: Where did the match take
Conversation E prepositions: of, / -q * p- - - , n - -A. M. SURESAN place?
from, to, since, till, until, upto. . * - Anil: shelf F (take place = --)
--J from '* , note book O C. Prakash: On our college playgrounds.
* F, to * present (v h- ) - - , Sunil: Eo--* E- -A. Prabhat: When?
E. * future c) Prabhat: match \ J-TC? Prakash: It began at 7 in the morning
'from-to' h--- - j , future * Prakash: college play grounds yesterday and was over by 9
n: / V/ / / - - j from v to . Prabhat: p J-TC? Prabhat: Was there a match on Sunday
a) 2003* 2004 \ teacher Prakash: Eo l - j Nt-
q * (from) / V/ / morning too?
/ -q (to) E. o. C- --C. Prakash: All matches were in the morn-
He was teacher here from 2003 to 2004
Sukanya: What are your college hours? Prabhat: Sunday morning Match ing. But the match on Sunday
( past)
(O College --N-?) ? morning was very interesting.
b) \ -Lq period 2004 * 2006
Ramakanth: Our College works from 9 am Prakash: Matches Fo mornings J-. d) Suseela: I have been here since 2003
to 4 pm.
. Sunday morning J-T match
Her period/ tenure here is from 2004 to but I have been up the
( College 9 * 4 2006.
interesting C. Charminar only once. While
d) Suseela: E-\ 2003 * o. \-
coming down I almost fell.
E--hC) (from the past to the future)
Sukanya: Do you have classes upto? J v Charminar j
c) Cricket matches 2005 December * (almost = )
(-O Classes x. CT a-p
2006 January . Sucharita: Was there none before you
?) The Cricket matches are from Dec 2005 to
--. and behind you to stop you?
Ramakanth: Except on Saturdays when the Sucharita: F , F
January 2006. (Both future) Suseela: Supriya was far above me,
College works until 2 pm.
Since: Past time * (from some time Eo---E? and sulekha far below me. I
(\ E-p V 2) in the past) p Suseela: v \ j C.
- - - --E - controlled myself somehow.
--: from time/ day/ LqC Since v . from - . Sulekha C.
(far = (\) )
week/ years etc., --* --E. To My sister has been here since 2004 February. control -o. Sucharita: When did this happen?
time/ day/ week/ years etc., - E. (2004 February * sister \ C) Sucharita: -p J-TC?
Suseela: On a January evening, on a
p--p to , till - She has been here from 2004 Suseela: January v.
Sunday.
-, n. . C-.
-v-o: 1. O A, An J* *a N- Jh . ---: 1. A, An J* -N--J-*- -s- \ an' -,The rose (all flowers of the rose species)
- -Eo -s-x capital letters *a--p- Capital letters a/ an ---E-F, is beautiful j L.'Rose' is beautiful d
a -. : A Union, A European, A EF . Rose --C -t j p. (. Oxford/
One-way traffic etc., 2. countable, singular \ o E a/ anF, longman's/ Collins Dictionary/ any standard gram-
2. Mother loves her child wrong o. E -sEo d 'The' F ---. Mother loves her mar book.
widest sense article
. : Rose is Child p. 'mother' countable singular . 3. Waters plural form n C-/ -v-E
beautiful All Roses
o-p E n. A rose A/ an ' n , 'any' E, 'all' F Fx E. (Eg: The waters of the Krishna (river).
rose -C ! -p- Eo Roses no . Generalise --p A mother Water
F} -J-* x---p .
-i-N E n-. DE J* Jh N- loves her child . E n every mother E, - Water dissolves salt. Waters
-p- .
--y-. - 'any mother' E. -F mother E . C p uncountable.
3. Water uncountable plural - s 'A dog is a faithful animal' o-p A dog = all ani- 4. I get up at 6 AM every day
o-p -\--. d.
o. E hC. Deep waters, Troubled mals of the species ( A n hC). O-ox, F - p .
waters E ! N-J-. Countable singular, Widest sence A/ an EC \ 'How often do you go there?' o vo vA-W
4. I get up at 6 a.m. o-p Everyday E - 'Man' N-- . eg: Man is mortal: Man proposes, h E -.
\--. C habitual everyday E - God disposes. Nx *a article I go there every day. \ everyday p .
-. N--J--. -Lq . 'Rose' is beautiful - p. A rose I go to bed at 10 every night. \ every night
-N.-N.-..-, -N---o (any rose/ every rose) is beautiful - correct. 'A/ ---E, p.
I --- ---- 13 -d- 2005
Janaki: Jamuna, Who are you looking at?
C- =Jumping into the river
(, -JE/ -J-j h-o?) Walk into my place at midnight and I shall be
Jamuna: The man walking across the road happy to invite you with a cup of coffee or tea
and turning towards the bank y l--v- -. p --
building. He is going into the bank F -F F y -!
now. -J-j %---y- ''F
(Road bank building j --- Eq-- a -E
-ho -E. -E-p bank .
h-o) Into - j E---Eo *-
Janaki: He is turning to the left in the bank hC. C u -- hC.
He is into business
now. Is that the man? Why are you
interested in him?
u h-o b) As the train went through the tunnel, it
software (computers) E--hC \ past, off prepositions -. became suddenly dark
(p-- u --j A--- She is into software. past uh-E-E, v-EoE
o. -? J* - Train /* x-p,
-q u v-G- }, \*/ -j * \--J <-j--C.
h?) }.
. p ho L- c) Chandan: Did you get your favourite
Jamuna: Don't you remember? The other He was into dairy last year. No idea what he post office x hero's autograph yesterday?
day he jumped into the river to is now. He is now past the post office.
(--E-o O G- auto-
save my drowning cousin, that five 4. Out of: C into opposite. p \-*/ o x graph B-o?)
year old Ramesh He has just walked past me.
E - . Chandra: No, It was impossible to push
my way through the crowd to
get to him
-v-o: 1) O Q&A QJ{- - vo ----Nh... 2) C situation u-Eo present passive future J EE *-hC.
''regular - J actions -T---, perfect passive --T---? 2) Which is provided C correct. - p
present passive h--o. -- --C d? J--..? Mouse, keyboard input
- ''A lecturer is appointed by the commit- Input:- "A computer accepts data which is provided devices data C-h. EE computer
tee" text book
- uEo --. F by means of a input device like mouse, or key board" B-C. OJ-*a sentence
regular -- J actions (Input device -j- f, - u- h--Eo N--d. -C?
present passive simple future passive
"input"
y-J--Eo ). v u-E 1) An input device like a mouse or keyboard pro-
--T-. : "In every business 'data'
n h ' u- O C-* y- vides the data.
enterprise, the accounts will be classified on "A computer accepts
C y-J-C. d -- 2) The computer accepts it. p sentence no.1
the basis of one key factor. That key factor is data which has been provided by means of input passive Ja --E L is provides
debit and credit. - uEo. ' - device like a mouse or key board" E p-a? d E -hC . . data,
Debit, Credit - plural. Computer J-- v
---:
-- K_--J-h . C .--.--, --
p J . accounts are classified 1) \ The accounts are classified singular .
E -? Ba--. -- correct, will be classified C
I [- 22 d 2005
I am with you..
u -C .) (go well
with = suit -)
j -- Preposition- 'with'
-E-. with - ' J--C.
The book with you = F o h F _-
o h; the book with the green cover =
green cover o- -h. with me = ; (Eoforks- x-- v) Karim: No. One of them escaped with 2) He is the fourth Prime Minister of India
a spoon to eat with = A- spoon. goes Bhanu: I bought these mangoes with the the hot stuff. - -- vE
well with = E L . money my uncle had given me. (hot stuff = )
-h (O o--J y o --N?, Dr
d with '- E. uncle
( *a sh o) t--- -E o vE,
'with'
instruments, tools, weapons
. with a knife, with a pen, with Manoj: Hi Mallesh, how goes life?
u--x 'o English
a gun, etc.
j . -C What is the
Mallesh: Getting on, Thanks; What's new?
ordinal of Dr Manmohan Singh as PM?
1) - v d Manoj: (Do you) know this, Chandra's
He beat the snake with a stick expression J----. -
selection as
2) v E Pen o the best
J n-yL ?)
He wrote/ noted down my address with cadet of the
y C .
-v-o: a) If I have money, I wish to buy this car. his pen. country?
Pranav: Who is that friend of yours that
was with you yesterday.
b) If I had money. I would have spent It. 3) The killer killed the girl with a gun
best
(v-
had, have gun Prakash: He was my school mate. He was
-\- n a cadet
4) Post office Naxals bomb a- one of my best friends at school.
o.- O- --u N- N- (NCC)
L-----. They blasted the post office with a bomb. We used to compete with each
.-.y-N, -N--- With : - M. SURESAN other in the exams, and we have
---: have p j- troubles
?)
F F - o- always on top at school.
Mallesh: That's the happiest news I've had
-. I am with you in your troubles. Pranav: Of you two, who was not better
She is competing with her sister in a month.
I have a Car \ better --C comparative degree.
(p) Car C. sister ( No happiest news C.)
-C. -u +er, 'r'* a adjectives F,
had --j -- Practise the following: Manoj: Some thing more for you. Ours is the
more --a adjectivesF comparative
I had a car. -p Car C. a) Ramya: Hi Ravali, -E--- first college in the state to win this
degree . Eg: Taller (tall+er),
If I had money. I would have spent it - ? kind of award.
( ? Z braver (brave+r), more beautiful (more +
sentence correct . Ravali: Exams busy o. h - -\ a-o
a) If I had money, I would spend it ---L, beautiful).
Ramya: y-\--E ---o? - College C)
-- (b) If I had had money, I would have - comparative than
y hC.
-J--- L ---o? \ 'The' -E-. The (best), He is taller than his brother.
spent it L. -- n Ravali: \-o ---o. the (happiest), the (first) etc. superla-
C. Ramya: F dress C. \-- E brother .
tive degree of the adjective - 'the'
a) n, -_ p --s, -o? Comparative than h, comparative
; , first, second, third, etc., the comparative
a -. d a d. (C Ravali: Wear n' See shop . D- -. y
present situation) C -. ordinals - L.
hot pack free. than -,comparative 'the' p
b) n _ s , Superlative degree --: :
b) Krishna: ? -- --M- hC.
Largest, greatest, richest, tallest, most beau-
a) Suman is taller than Suseel
a-d --. p _ -s - d--o?
, a d- -. tiful etc. adjective + est
-- + st
Karim: x x \ Suman
* (Q o -)
c) If he studied well, he would pass. -p- F, adjective most EF h C
d--o b) Of Suman and Suseel, Suman is the
A C. --; --- Krishna: ---, x T-L-* superlative degree. (Adjective - h-/ taller.
J-T --. -E - L ; tall boy -
( present --EN.) s d--o? a) Comparative, taller
y
d) If he had studied well, he would have
Karim: . x s boy question tall answer than Comparative
C. d 'the'
passed p---o. hC d, tall \ adjective). - b)
. , Comparative taller
y
CN - (), ANSWERS: n 'u E. than
y Comparative taller
, d,
pass (--, fail a) Ramya: Hi, Ravali, not to be seen at all Superlative degree of the adjective 'the'hC.
u). (these days)? 'the' .
I --- 29 -d- 2005
Ram: Raghu, how tall are you? Salesperson: The price has gone up by Rs.
(, y ?) 3000/-
Raghu: I am 5'9". ( 5'9") ( -
Ram: Does it mean you are taller than me J-TC. - by Rs.
by an inch? 3000/-)
(Does it mean)
( = y o Practise the following in English:
inch
?) 1.
Raghu: of course, and I weigh less than you Priya: y l--?
by 5 Kgs - Sekhar: . F x (by ).
5 Kg
(*a-. Sx Fo Priya: - Eo L-
\) Interview .
Ram: But the length of my shirt is more Sekhar: -N? 10 EN--. The Indian is not so hardworking as the
Priya: Sreekanth p-- a--\-? Sasikanth: uEo %d --E d- -
than yours by atleast 4 Cms. Japanese.
Sekhar: - . (the Indians) (the
--x N u
( shirt shirt
-F 4 Cms -B- x 2.
Priya: Eo F - late Japanese) d- E--.
--\) Pramod: > J---C ?
L- . The cheetah ( all cheetahs - is the *--L)
2. Prasad: *L (Cheetah) > .
fastest of all animals.
Santosh: x F 50 Pramod: -v%-A- v- -\- E
(*--- Eo ---o N) ---C ( v- =
-. The lotus is a lovely flower
Sunil: Meek creatures). - v-
-x--- 53
x C \ ? y C (Eo
Eo ? E). ~---?
Santosh: lC, *o--E-o 4 Kg - ANSWERS
-J C
Raghu: That's because you are fatter than -\. The camel is the ship of the desert. Sasikanth: Have you finished the assign-
me by 3 Cms Sunil: C E- 50 - \. Kuntala: Your friend Kamala has failed ment?
3 Cms
(y o --d) ANSWERS again friend
(O fail
S} Srikanth: No. I will begin it in the evening.
'by' Sasikanth: The lazy always postpone
j -- -E- . 1. C)
Karuna: She is lazy. The lazy never suc- Srikanth: Do the industrious always suc-
by
- u C C Priya: Are you older than I/ me?
ceed ceed?
y . Sekhar: Yes, atleast by 2 years. ( J. x N
Sasikanth: The industrious with a clear idea
of their goals always succeed.
2.
By nine points..
Pramod: Doesn't (Does not) the deer run
very fast?
Prasad: The cheetah is faster than the
deer.
Pramod: The meek always are harmed/
always suffer in nature. Wonder
why God doesn't protect the
a) you are taller than (I)/ me by an inch Priya: Is that why they called you earlier ). She is rich of course, so meek (Wonder = I wonder - n
for the interview? she does ----E/ -Eo --)
b) I weigh less than you by 5 kgs Sekhar: How much earlier? Just by 10 min- not care. from the ferocious.
Fo 5 Kg \ utes. (x
c) by atleast 4 cms Priya: When did Sreekanth come here? sC, -E: Comparative degree adjective
F 4 Cms \ Sekhar: Half an hour earlier than I/ me -E than y me or I? him or he? her or
d) fatter than I/ me by 3 cms = 3 Cms . (Earlier than I by half an hour) l d- she? them or they? - --C ----
Prakash: Congrats, Lakshman. That was Priya: But they called him later than you -) hC .
a marvellous game you played by just 15 minutes. Kuntala: But not all Suman is taller than me/ taller than I.
2. the rich are --x C correct? Grammatical
yesterday (Lakshman, congrats
like that.
M. SURESAN taller than I correct. modern
Santosh: They differ in their prices by Rs
Eo - ). How
50/- ( - usage v taller/ stronger/ cleverer than
many points did you win the
Sunil: Which of the two is the heavier, - ) me/ him/ her/ them/ us - a-
match by? (Eo x and by how many kgs? Karuna: That's right. Among the hardwork- C. - better. taller than I C
I know you were win-
-L-?). ing, there are many who are rich.
Santosh: The bigger one is heavier than the h vC. p .
ning and left before the end of
smaller by 4 kgs. (C E. d- E- x, C u .
the match (y -h-E L a) My friend likes the mango better than I
Sunil: It costs less than that by Rs 50/- -C E- o)
Rx--). \ : The rich, the lazy, the hard- b) My friend likes the mango better than me.
Lakshman: By nine points (9 points / working. rich (so, E--j), lazy (J \ Correct, y n-.
Anjan: Hi Arun, which is your most favourite
C-u-) -), hardworking (industrious) = d- a) n. mango d. d.
wild animal? mango
Prakash: At the half time itself you were O-Eo-F adjectives - \ d.
leading by 4 points. (Half time
(N %- F-\ d-i--C?) L -o . the b) n. d.
Arun: The tiger, of course (L) mango
p- y 4 points C-u--/ -x n hC. C x o d x E.
Anjan: Doesn't the lion look more majestic plural. Tall = -j, the tall = -x (plu- clear (a) My friend likes
-- -o) That's a C L--
than the tiger? (L-o ral); Fat = j, the fat = -x; the mango better than I do do
good lead. (* C-u) E ---Eo
\ -Eh-C ?) poor = H, the poor = H-x. extra -h.
\ /--C-u C Amar: The elephant is my favourite ( 1) -x d-x -
'by' -h-o .
favourite ). It looks grand and The tall play better than the short.
a) Lx- x lC
is not at all ferocious like the tiger or 2) E- H-x L.
She is her sister's elder/ older than her sis-
the lion. (- grand -Eh-C. The rich should help the poor.
ter by two years.
3)
-v- o:
L, - v-iC ) E- \ E-----o. H-x
b) necklace necklace Did not he play cricket?
\, 'the' . The E \ H--x---o - -u-
---\. countable singulars... lion, tiger, elephant The rich are getting richer, the poor are Interrogative negative not he
- --
This necklace is costlier than that by Rs. . The tiger, the lion, the ele- getting poorer. --*a-C. -E -Eo -s-x -vA-x, -q-
2000/- phant. 4) x j- not he -y- -h-C. -- ---.
Salesperson: What do you want, please? The tiger is my favourite The lazy never prosper --: Did he not speak the truth?
Customer: How much is this wrist the tiger Practise the following in English:
----: (a) Did not he play cricket? o,
\ A C -- -.-v--, ----y
watch? watch( K-?) Fo E. the lion, the elephant = 1.
Salesperson: It's Rs. 2000/- ( , - E. Sasikanth: Assignment Jh---? (b) Did he not play Cricket? o .
-) The dog is a faithful animal Sreekanth: . vA v-Gh. (b) \- - C. , con-
Customer: But it was Rs 1700/- last \ (Eo \) Ny-- () Sasikanth: xp h-. tracted form --p, (a) hC.
week. (- 1700 AE h -J-* p- count- Sreekanth: d- ---x- N - Didn't (Did not he) he play cricket? C
o) able singular the J--C. -? spoken english \- .
I --- 1 -d- 2005
Bhaskar: What are you looking at, Bhanu? d prepositions - ,
(Eo h-o ?) English -, . -
Bhanu: At the little boy there; He is sitting i \ -.
on the arms of the chair. He may
prepositions ---T-- J* Eo
fall down any moment.
general principles ---- -u.
( *o--xo. Ka --O Spoken English Correct - N
aE o. ~-j o --- - --.
a)
1) Pavan: I wrote a letter to my sister yes-
Bhaskar: He is in real trouble. let's go to
terday
him and put him down.
( E s-C o. ( sister Eo letter )
Ravikanth: Did you tell her about the Suneetha: Is your home the one behind the side of it (beside it/ by it/ near
_ Rx C
) book exhibition here? post office? to it) there is a book shop.
(O x Post office -?) What books do you want to
- ---i- ----!
Bhanu: That will save him from trouble. (\ h v-z J*
(E sC * --C.) p?) Supriya: No, it is by the Post office. buy at the shop?
Bhaskar: Surprising, no body to take care
of the child
( Gf v-h - Rx-
\ -- au C)
j -- - -E-. N...
at, on, of, in, to, from. --C
- prepositions .
English prepositions o vu
\. prepositions A, u
N C. preposition Pavan: Yes, I did. I wrote to her to start Karim: I want some Computer books.
- -iN Nh vu-. by the 9 AM train which arrives They are not available in our
Prepositions - -u , here at 5 PM. town.
E -li N- --. (p. NtC train -x--- 41 Kamesh: Then you get the books you
preposition, y preposition -l--Lq-C . \--C 5 want at the book stall behind
L vo - . - -C) the theatre. Near that there is
-- English %- E--x -- to my sister, about the (. \) another book stall too. You get
-p. English C-N- F N - book exhibition, by the 9 AM train, arrives there the books you want.
It is between the
here at 5 PM - expressions to, about, (b) Pranav: Where were you yesterday?
. --- y -- Post office and the
p----a. by, here prepositions Fo- sentence Pratap: At my friend Tarun's
Income Tax office
English prepositions Nh o -Eo ---o . Pranav: Where is his home?
(Post office,
vu----, - y a - sister (to my sister), h Pratap: Very near mine. Only three
Income Tax office
vu---Fo English --h. v-z J* (about the book exhibition), 9 M. SURESAN buildings are there between
Sundar: He has come from Vijayawada.
train (by the 9 AM train), 5 - u) mine and his. There is a big
( N-- * a) (at 5 PM) Fo Nh vu- j p prepositions Eo-, v-- tree in front of it.
, N-- * . h-o . C prepositions o u- *N, positions L--N- Pranav: Isn't there a bank beside his
vo:
--?) --. E _ s place/ space j -. Room
-E- from- garden . book stall C. \ L.
1. Discuss y About ---j ' . ' y --. Bus jp C v C.
? aC. b) Pranav: Eo y\o? There is room in the bus only for 30 passen-
Explain -- Rahul: No. They were in the basket on Pratap: friend x gers)
2. F --? the table. I took them from the Pranav: x-\? p--- position L preposition
(Eg: , x) basket. Pratap: _. Rx- Eo-E --o. \? E vo-h
DEE Tx- --- (, Table Oo d u buildings y-Lq ---E prepositions .
3. ' O NE-- o. x* Bo) v o. Rx positions L JEo prepositions:
h DEE Tx- \ -E- ? from, in, on l d C. Sukumar: Why has the train stopped?
L? prepositions -C-* Pranav: \ bank C ? (Train TC)
4. 'Just' usage E p . Pratap: . Suman: There is flood water over the
---. 3) Prathibha: Where are the flowers? c) Sravanthi: h Eo table O bridge
C. F bag (Bridge O F C)
5. ' u o s ---E - ( \ o?)
Prabha: They are in the basket. The ? The whole area on either side
*-h-o DEE Tx- pL?
basket is on the table. I bought Swarna: . B-o. of the track is under water.
>.---yx, o, K-- >x
: the flowers at the flower stall, - Lq (Bridge -j- o v--
beside my uncle's place near *aC. E-T--C= under
1. Discuss, describe, mention, explain, the Post office. Sravanthi: F bag table d-- water =Fx )
state, remark- O y about . (in the basket= d , on the table= ? Sukumar: Thank God, All the passen-
2. What is he to you?/ How is he related to table O; at the flower stall= --d ; Swarna: Table O - d gers in the train are safe
you? beside my uncle's place= --Rx (F train E v---
ANSWERS:
3. I will give you a song/ Let me sing a song \; near the Post office= Post office _) ~ o)
to you. (a) Karim: Is there a book shop anywhere Above, below, inside, outside, beyond -
-Fo- in, on, at, beside, near- v-
4. Just= p, just= only, v Eo L prepositions. - E p-- near here? N positions L prepositions. OE
5. Of late he has been hesitating to ask me E OE ? positions L Eo Kamesh: At the end of the street there O ux .
for money. prepositions l. is a medical shop. Just by the
I --- --C 2 -d- 2005
Ram: Hi Shyam and Prem, well met
at: 'at' ---- -- --
You are talking
(--- ).
about the college day perhaps.
-o-. p-C l.
Sekhar: How good are you at Telugu?
College Day
(O -J-* x-
- well met
--o-d-o? = --- (O - a?)
Sanjeev: Just give me some time. I will be
conversation
- *--C. as good at it as you are. (\h
practise ) time y. F
Shyam: Yea, about the item we want to
present.
x--)
Sekhar: I am poor at Hindi ( C )
(. V v-Jz-- Sanjeev: I am quick at picking up languages
J*) (- y h)
Ram: And what's that going to be? (
- -- -.
v-Jz----o?) the temple supervising some repairs.
a) He is good at giving such talks. Sushma: Doesn't matter. conversa-
(D O
Prem: We are yet to take a decision about ( - --}-. V v-
b) Our Principal is good at picking such tions I am at
---)
it. (E -J-* Eg B- . vA v- h. x
experts. leisure. (at leisure pronun-
-S;
Lq C) Engineer friend \ o.)
good at j N L--. ciation: measure
-. ,
Ram: OK. O, that reminds me. There will Dad: Your mother needs some medicines.
Poor at Maths Maths . pleasure What do you
).
be a talk on 'Decision Making' by Perhaps the shop is open now.
Quick at understanding want?
Prof. Nischai tomorrow at 6 at col- Shop
(t L. J
y n ----. x Sumana: You are good at English, Please
lege. Are you coming? (, h- -?)
*aC. reminds me = h*a x- , u y 'at' . explain this lesson.
Amar: That shop is my friends. He opens
a) - -- N- u h Sushma: I am good at English, but I am not
-p- ---- 'od h- shop quite early. I think it is open
He is slow at doing things. so good at explaining.
*aC, E E-C English. O con-
versation . J- 'Eg-
talking about..
-v -J-* Prof. Ea--
x----o college . -O-
h-o?)
Shyam and
Prem: Oh, sure. No missing it. Prof.
Nischai is very good at giving
Sumana: I am a little
such talks. We will certainly now. ( shop friend C.
slow at under-
make it. miss
( . y- Bh. p J -
standing
-x--- 54
- N--O things. Our
--)
x-) teacher is fast.
j -- -E-*C
Ram: Just as our Principal is good at pick- , -s 'the' -,
Many of my
ing such experts. ( E-- classmates
-s 'the' ----. J-nA
Principal
- -) b) Maths
- E-- u v- hC.
He is hopeless at Maths. are quick at
Shyam: That's true. M. SURESAN Eo v- vu- Eo ---
c) grammar learning.
Prem: You are right. -
Sushma: OK I'll try. Let us see how good I
J-N- . School, college, institu-
prepositions about, on, at He is bad at grammar. tion N Nu-u--E, Nu -
j -- am at it.
d) --J Cd (learning and teaching) J-N, vu.
-E- . --C , b) Pavan: What do you know about the
about J* E. About the book = She is the best of all of us at singing. hospital, clinic, nursing home N
movie?
Now practise the following aloud in ju -E, ju --E vu.
h-Eo J*. Prakash: What movie are you talking
a) Eo - -J-* paper C English: temples, churches, mosques (masjids)
about?
Sushma: Hi, Sumana, N -, --, vn-- vu
We read about him in the paper.
a? Pavan: The one showing at Navrang.
Sumana: busy v-. v-/ n vu --
b) school days
x -x J* x- y o-N-p? (Showing The movie is
-.
--o Sushma: y-. -S- o, L now showing at the theatre. vh-N-h-o-p 'the' .
p? I A B
They talked about their school days. E - 'run' E
Sumana: F English -a . les- Students/ go to school, college,
c) E -J--* h- . The movie ran for a hun-
son h explain -. lecturers/ are at university etc.
I do not remember any thing about it. dred days)
Sushma: English --a. -E professors...
on: Prakash: I think its (it is) a movie about
A p x- B p x
l, u N-- -J--* Explain -- p-.
on
-p- . corruption in politics.
Sumana: n ----- h slow. Pavan: Yes, that reminds me. I read an
vu - h d,
He is going to talk on decision making school, college, etc 'the' . N--
teacher - fast hC. article in the paper on the same
Eg vv -J--*. classmates --C y topic yesterday. maga-
x, schools, colleges, etc --
a) v-y--u-Eo -J--* u C (vA--, --Ex, go to/ are at the school/
It is essay on our democracy.
a---. zines u- articles
college etc.
Sushma: OK. v-Aoh. l ) There were some lines
b) j t--u- -J--* E-C C A student goes to college/ their parents go
--. in it about this movie.
It is a report on farmers suicides. to the college.
b) Pavan: O -J-* F ? Prakash: I read it too. The writer is very
(to meet the principal, pay the fees, etc)
Prakash: movie -J-* y--? clever at this kind of analysis.
II (devotees),
h - -vn- -n-
Pavan: -- p- ---o movie Pavan: Talking about articles, (N--E- They go to temple/ to church/ to
---.
h talking about/ coming to) all
J* mosque, etc.
Prakash: C --- N-F-AE J* the centre page articles in the
the engineer is at the
- --,
paper are good. The trouble is, all
-. temple to supervise some repairs .--o
of them are on politics.
Pavan: p h-*aC. Eo paper
(-\ -}- )
-v-o: Direct -* Indirect speech a- Eo -J--* l u
C. Eo lines Amar: Dad, I am starting for college. When
III Doctors, nurses, patients go to hospital.
Ox--Jhospital hospital
E d,
p Interoggative sentence if
-- will you be there? 'the' Amar's
. - --
*vEo -J--* --o.
whether if
hC. E p college father, after returning from the hospital
Prakash: C u. E - ( ho. O-p--
L? whether p - L- \?) o . \- patient ,
- Nx-- - L-N--- doctor
Synthesis of sentences (so- Dad: You mean, at the college? (y--, -}--- E .
----. . (Nx- analysis) college You know, mother is A patient is at hospital. Their friends and rel-
that/ neither nor, not only but also) - Pavan: u N--E-h, vA cen-
?)
going to hospital. I am taking her atives go to the hospital to see.
-T- -l-- -N--J---. tre page articles Fo business persons open
there; after coming back from the - -N---
.--_-v-, . Fo ----- hospital I will see you at the college. shop, close shop, are at shop. go to
--j-
N-- -J- . (t hospital ----C . the shop, are at the shop.
What for?..
J , x Jx*a, E 'the'
.
1) 21 -l D
He is the Gandhi of the 20th C.
( D-J x -
Bhanu : What for? (? -u designations and o. DE ----h- E)
for what E ) offices if you mention 2) He is the Bhima of class - - class
thereafter the name
-x--- 55
Aravind : Have you forgotten? We have got H.
to practise for the match next of the person) Now Practise the Following:
week. e) before a countable
(--*---? a- a) Krishna: Hi Kumar p---\o?
Match practise Sobha: singular, to talk of the
-L ?) N-- *. N-- v-Cl- Kumar: - Hollywood -.
Bhanu : He is in Chennai for his cousin's whole class
, T--Lx - (
f) the superlative degree
M. SURESAN Krishna: Mumbai ?
wedding. I'll (I will) call him today varieties) Kumar: . \ -o--Dl --
and tell him that we should pre- Subha: of the adjective,
pare for the match.
j--- --p ---
g) the comparative degree, when it is not fol-
E--*C. Mumbai.
--o? (Start .) Krishna: v%A u (Beauty of Nature)
(x cousin R} j o --}. Sobha: j--? ? lowed by 'then'.
phone match ready Subha: v-V---E. p -: - Qt. C -
Manohar: Good morning Mahesh, why are Switzerland C. \ Dal -
Lq E h) Sobha: o vA h-o.
Aravind: Tell him to start early. He is known you up so early? ( y q Boat trip -C.
AJ--*a--y j--
for his game but notorious for his Ev ? Up \ Ev---. \ --o ---
A -*-h. (Leave ).
lack of time sense. simple . -E-hC.
t -J C .
(y t. Game -- Subha: y h F V- - Conversation ). b) Prabhat: Hi Prakash, C-
E C. -- Time sense = --E J. Mahesh: I get up (am up) by this time o?
punctuality = - -- F every day. I go for a morning walk Prakash: u a. fami-
Sobha: OK.
C.) (-p time * -h). ly E -.
Notorious=-J- \---L Answer:
Manohar: Walking is good. The longer you Prabhat: t-_?
Shubha: (over phone) Hi Sobha, Thanks a
walk the stronger you are.
= - x, - ( Prakash: x -J-* -\
-. a notorious murderer= lot.
Sobha: What for?
h ) x- *C.
C -. Famous actor = Mahesh: That's true. But my classmate ANSWERS:
v-l ) Shubha: For sending me mangoes. Where
Sudheer walks 6 kms every morn- a) krishna: Hi Kumar, Where have you
j -- for . are they from?
ing. And really he is the Amitab of been?
1) uC (period of Sobha: From Vijayawada. You know
classmate
our College. ( Kumar: I was in the Hollywood of india
time) for hC for 10 minutes Vijayawada is famous for the two
Sudheer W 6 Kms -h. Krishna: You mean Mumbai?
(10 E-N-), for an hour (), for 3 varieties. Rasaalu and
years (-x) etc.
College N-) Kumar: Yes, the more I stayed there, the
Banginapalli.
Manohar: Why so? (-E?)
2) 'for' u -- , l-P-* Shubha: Then when are you starting for more/ the longer I wanted to stay.
Mahesh: He is as tall as Amitab (N-
n-. Hyderabad? How beautiful Mumbai is.
) Krishna: If you talk of the beauty of nature,
j -- Sobha: Hyderabad, what for?
a) Send for Bharat = -- /-- Manohar: And who is the Sharook Khan of
Subha: To spend a few days with me/ nothing to beat Kashmir (Kashmir
b) what for? = - /- - your class?
for spending a few days with me. dC . Nothing to beat
c) for the match = match /match (O class Sharook Khan ?)
Sobha: Dad is leaving for Mumbai tonight. Kashmir). That is the Switzerland
Mahesh: I haven't (have not) thought of it
(l) Only after he returns, do I think of of India. The boat trip in the Dal
d) for his cousin's marriage = cousin (E -J-* ---*--)
Hyderabad. lake is very pleasant. There too
Rx--/- -Rx - -Eo-x 'The' !
Subha: If you come I want you to be here the more you stay, the more you
e) o v Delhi o = The longer you walk, The stronger you are.
for a week. want to stay.
Dad bought this dress for me in Delhi. ( The Amitab of the College; The Sharook
Sobha: Ok. b) Prabhat: Hi Prakash, you look sad
/ - l-P-*) Khan.
f) h - = This book is for z z z z z z No. 1: h *C. Prakash: My Uncle has come he is the
on the campus..
Charan: Every one was commenting on
your action only. They were all
praise for you
Chandra: Oh, that's (that was nothing).
Thanks any way. How's your
practice of cricket going? Hope
you will be on the college team for
5) Spend on: Lakshman: late y--.
the finals. ( -----. E C
thanks. cricket practice
u. x G- * o.
-x--- 56
F
C? College finals team Spend = a--d-. x L--p- -
y---E P-ho) -- (V, .
Madhu: --E
Charan: Not so bad. Every thing depends b) ----p- -- -J-* uu-E--
)
on my game in the first two a) -O --h-o?
He never comments/ makes comments/ Lakshman: F -*a. E congrats.
matches. passes comments on others.
a d M. SURESAN
Chandra: And what are you going to do dur- c) performance
- -J-* uu - He has spent a lot J - A M.
(of money) on the house. Lakshmi: selections \ -- -
ing the vacation? -. -E - -E -
b)
- h -C vo. W u h o?
(-x ---o?) Lakshman: College campus .
Charan: (I am going to) spend some time It's (It is) easy to comment/ pass com- I spend two hours (every day) on exercise.
ments/ make comments on others' per- Answers:
on bowling practice. (I) need to c) practice -
formance but how well we do a thing is the a) Girija: How much did you spend on the
improve my bowling. bowl- He spent the whole of last week on prac-
( question. dress?
ing practice bowling tice.
L. 3) On the team. team . -- - Sailaja: I spent Rs. 2500/- on it. Isn't (is not)
d) E p d- \ a -
-----Lq - C) (in
-o. - ' n) it worth so much?
Chandra: Ok, then. Good luck, bye. Anil spends a lot (of money) on clothes.
--xEnglish on
hC. G- (worth = N; is worth = N -
(, F %d --E J, = on the list; on the rolls,
d = Spend y on , waste y - N - / ----
on the premises; on.
h-J) --= Nu- - - = Worth/ not worth. The movie
Charan: Bye - = on the campus, etc. e) TV h time % h is not worth half the price of the ticket =
j -- preposition 'on' a) Eo team a He wastes time on the TV/watching the TV. E ticket d s- -
-E-. We do not take you on the team. f) - friends time % h . Waste.
1) Congratulations p--p, b) G- -- -C He wastes time/ a lot of time on friends. Girija: I think you wasted at least Rs. 400.
v: What on? His name is first on the list. Now practise the following in English: I won't (will not) spend more than
c) -- E--N t-A- a) Girija: dress d o?
: On your fine performance. I do not allow such things on my premises.
y Rs. 2000/- on it.
2) commenting on (Spend) Sailaja: I spent at least two hours on that
d) C College - --
3) on the college team Sailaja: 2500 -. hC ? selection.
It did not happen on the campus.
4) depends on Girija: F 400 - E O % Mohan: Generally women waste a lot (of
4) Depend on = C common. -
5) spend time on C depend = ----. - -. - 2000 --- money), a lot more of time, on
O preposition 'on' Eo -s. E/ JO ---- d. dresses, and still more on make up
1) Congratulations (Congrats E . English . Depend Sailaja: F dC selec- (still =).
On.
) y p y p 'on'. tion . (spend, I ) Girija and
Sailaja: Just as you are commenting on us.
-v-o: Home, House, Residence - Home, house - --N- -? She has two houses in Hyderabad, and one b) Lakshman: When shall we start?
nx --N? OE p-- in Vijayawada = j--- x, N- Madhu: (Everything) depends on you,
p --T- N-J---. -- x -o. But She lives in whenever you are ready.
-C v-tu, J E -J-* x-o x x, Guntur. Her home there is very close to the sta- Lakshman: Doesn't matter if we are late.
home. tion = Guntur Doesn't (does not) matter =
----: I. Home- ,
*-M-o C v . x y-.
Home yn n - C. House
(E) x. business house,
, Conversation practise .
u- E- My home is Nellore. yn x. The House of Tatas- -sx u Our names are the last on the
x home. -j He left his books at home
E n . list. We shall be able to reach by
J Lx--v-, o--t- books () -x C--. III. Residence: C - formal. Phone the time our turn comes.
, \--x-x C 3) Home = His home is England.
.
numbers, address N p--p Madhu: Who else is coming to
(-)
home. -u home 4) Home = Minister for home affairs.
Q.
. Residence phone no; Residential be on the team?
- -sx my, (Q -_ u- vA)
your, his, her, etc. --\-- 5) at home and abroad = y-, N-x. address (office phone no; office address Lakshman: Your selection is definite
. 6) Old age Home, Home for the blind- Go). \- home phone no.,/ address (*a). Congrats on that. I
I am going home x 'v. -a. don't know about my position
(to my home
--h-o. ) II. House = -j house . - uh E-- Residence (position = J-n-A/ --A)
He went home an hour ago He bought a house last year The Prime Minister's residence, Lakshmi: Where are the selections?
(His home
v --x. -\--) -q x o. The governor's residence, etc. Lakshman: On our college campus.
I --- -- 11 -d- 2005
Sheriff: Peter, Who are you waiting for? His parents are waiting for their daugh-
J h-o? ter's marriage. Once that is over, they will
Peter: For sagar. I've (I have) asked him marry him off.
for some information and a few d) --hC. --E wait
books.
-.
. o -, I'm (I am) very hungry. I am not able to
Eo h- -.
wait for the meal any more.
Sheriff: You have waited for an hour now.
He hasn't even phoned you. Wait for = await. await
y E h-o vC. conversation wait for .
. F Phone - J. 2) Ask for: -J-j j -
a) I am looking for a good book on Spoken
Peter: I am sure he will come. Any way, Samrat: - ?
a) o -. -.
English
let's hope for the best. I need the
I asked (him) for his help. But he did not
(- = author/ writer)
books badly. Spoken English O * h Sarat: - jE-. -
help me.
h- t. -i h-o. ---o. John stall.
b) o Eo h- -TC
Pl. h- b) What are you looking for? Samrat: E p h?
-. She asked him for some books. Sarat: FC C-N--Dl ---E--hC.
E- h-o/ ---o?
(need badly = -) c) -- \ E. C Eo -- - -j -
Sheriff: How long more are you going to (-j = rare)
wait? It's already time for dinner.
College } time
b) Chakri: F _ pen ?
-- h? p- -x--- 57 No use looking for him here. It's the time
for his college.
Charan: C. F ?
C ? Chakri: pen refill --C.
Assignment complete - .
-v-o: 1) Would you come please? -v-o: English Newspapers Headlines -Fo simple present
Could you come please? tense h-E?--Fo J-T-- N- !
- N? would - past tense of will 2) Could would difference --N-? ---E --
-. \ would, could --T-? -sx use -a?
2) Sell this vehicle off (Active Voice),
---:
.--, --.
What does she want (Active Voice). -O-E Passive Voice please ? C more formal (\ --v,
N- N-J---. 1) - --* question. English -o vu ~, historic
could ). -- J- E, -N
3) The function went off well n L--h, went off present. J-T--- present tense (sim-
uh- request. ple) -. C newspaper headlines \.
n \, h----x --- L-- 2) sell this vehicle off. DE passive voice Let this vehicle
Prime Minister Inaugurates the conference.
---. be sold off.
-u, What does she want passive what is wanted by her. \ Inaugurates h-o-F , ---o-F
Eo -s-x- p - sentences active . --E. C English p-.
---:
-.
natural C. Here was I already late to the station. Just then my brother
1) would, should, could -J-* y ---. could 3) went off well - J-TC E. - phrases comes with the news that I have forgotten my ticket. \
you come please? C, 'would you come please' o n oxford/ longman's * dictionaries , 'go' comes p-. effect -.
\ u * request. would you come, . 2) could, would -J-* N-- ---.
I --- -- 18 -d- 2005
Sivaram: Hi Unni, what's new? c) His mother told me that some one had
(--J --C. Practice it in stolen them.
your conversation) T-L-- , p- y d
Unni: Have you seen Kiran of late? had stolen (had + pp)
- u o ? d) She was sure that they had gone for
(of late = lately = u) good.
Sivaram: No, yesterday I did go to Kiran's. N ----F - ---- -----E
But by the time I reached there, he t- C. - , d
had gone out. I missed him by had gone (had + pp)
minutes. Krishna: That means you applied for it last
had + pp N- -E--Lq -ui Gopal: y . --
Saturday
. Eo R}- }. F N- -o.
}-p- - - -R}--.
b) Sarat: Who are the police searching for?
R}-. --E -Eo -E-N-- - Krishna: \ watchman ?
(Police x (Plural). Police = a
-- miss u. Gopal: - p Principal uo
Police man. Plural Policemen/
Unni: Why did you want to see him? classes Fo cancel -F, -
Police persons a.)
--} -R}-?
Sivaram: He had promised to lend me the
-x--- 59 R}--E. Karim: For the chitfund company director
Krishna: y TC (Transfer certificate) Sarat: What happened?
CDs of some latest movies. So I
apply --p? Karim: He had collected money from all and
went to him to get them. a) had + pp -, -
Gopal: Apply - E y p--E disappeared/ left town
\Eo E- CDs h--o. JT, x ,
N a---E x. y J-T--p v. . Sarat: When did people know he had dis-
b) J-T EE vh-N---p Krishna: y last saturday apply appeared?
Unni: Let's go now and get them now.
p-R} a-- E? had + pp - . --o-. Karim: Just Yesterday. He had run the com-
pany for two years when he ran
away. He had collected by then
I can speak..
o-p- Do- p .
-- -v-o a swim in
the sea)
3. have/ take breakfast (Prn: -v-d) -l
--.
4. boil: (prn: ) J-T--/---
u p-. h b) F-- - - E-\ - Prasanthi: y CM
-, 5. fry: -,
N-u p----o--. -
(Read the palm I can be here as long as you like/ want. F, 6. bake: (prn: ) --N
h--) c) -\ - - nonsense Ep O a. Bread h
Pavan: But how can we understand him? He He cannot be (can't be) here for more than v d Bread : Bakery (--J)
can't (can not) speak Telugu and we an hour. x- Snacks/ refreshments/ eats -
can't follow his Tamil. d) President
-B -- - --. - -- - correct English
- --- n --C? - - Prabha: y M. SURESAN . English .
- x--. E Any Indian citizen can be the president. N- 7. pastime: - ~--E N.
Tamil n -. ? (- |) J- 8. lunch: -/ --uo .
Ravi: Ah, here comes Mohan. He can e) F t y CM - --? (harsh/
unkind - J--i) 9. Dinner: () vA . (prn: '
speak Tamil. You cannot (can't) be a CM for your life
Mohan Tamil
h-o. - x-- Fo (can be) be forms- --Eo - Prasanthi: y nonsense E \---.) V
-. -L--h. x---? u-i . -s
Mohan: What's going on? ( --C?) 2. can + 1st RDW - action. Answer: Dinner vA - -C. L--x
Prabha: If I can become the C.M..
Ravi: Here's a Tamil Palmist. Can you a) C x--- uo a.
Prasanthi: Wait. How can you become the 10. Supper: (prn: \ -)
translate his tamil for us? I can speak Hindi well.
CM?
Tamil palmist.
Tamil
--- b) Tendulkar --? V *J vA-W -E
Prabha: Are you sure (that) I can't (can-
pC - p--? Can he play like Tendulkar? . u .
not) be the CM?
Mohan: That's OK. Go on then. c) subjects
O C---? breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper -
Prasanthi: I don't (do not) know if you can
(The Palmist studies Ravi's palm What subjects can you teach?
become the CM or not; but you W j O , A/ An, The .
and says some thing in Tamil - d) English
O x---? can certainly talk a lot of non-
Tamil h) How well can you speak English?
sense.
-v-o: Infinitive , modal verbs Eo u A- 3 a) Book, Madras --Lq-. -v-o: -Tx- commands, orders ---E () Conditions
--o. - -u-x --- -N--J---. (F - -L) NC---E Should must . F
1) a) They have to have gone there C clear --L- sentence . text book h be forms is, are .
b) They should have gone there b) - should been sent , should have been sent -?
2) a) They have to have been there - correct. p n. h ---Lq F 1) u- . C N * -L
b) They should have been there ---.
3) a) The book was to have been sent to Madras 4 a) O car green paint * -LqC.
-- text book To be an agricultural income... The
revenue is derived from land E - \-o. -
b) The book should been sent to Madras ( - , sentence clear -)
The revenue should be derived.. E a .
4) a) You have to have your car painted green b) O car green paint -LqC.
b) You should have painted your car green ( -, O. colour paint ) 2) vd o -* N-- -
5) a) She was to have taken that bus C --q -N- j -L -; text
b) She must/ should have taken that bus . book The trust should be registered with the commis-
sioner of I.T E , text The trust is registered
---:
.----, o
with commissioner of I.T as per the provision of 12A E -
1 a) They have to have gone there C. J \- is registered should be registered u
x\ R} -LqC, } -L-. ? - u - nEo hC?
b) They should have gone there
u -?
x-\- --}-LqC, F }-.
---:
Sentence 1) a construction
* have to have
. b , -
gone expressions, usage . E 5 a) bus \ -LqC.
1) 'The revenue should be derived' - correct,
They had to go there simple
n- J--C. (\ , sentence x clear -L-)
2 a) 1a) sentence
DE ---- J--C. \ b) She must have taken that bus. O--ox.
They had to be there,
- simpler direct
bus
*a- \ C. 2) C , The trust should be registered correct.
C. sentence n Rx-\ -LqC (). ( , \C) O n --o-x, is derived, is registered
(F o -L-). DEo sentence clear She should have taken that bus. - J-C E. rule p-
p. bus \Lq C, F \-. should be derived, should be registered correct.
b) -D-n: Rx-\ -LqC, F . bus
(- \C).
I --- --C- 23 -d- 2005
Mahesh: Hi Ramesh, you can sing, can't you?
Kishore:
problem?
--, y -- ? Kumar:
cousins weekend \
Ramesh: Of course I can. Why, what's the mat- .
ter? Kishore: x t.
. -----o? Kumar: x . Rx-\- - interview -
Mahesh: You can participate in the singing -ho. x-- interview C.
competition at college next week. Kishore: --y -- -- picnic enjoy ---
a- - -- _--a. -. --y-j- ---E -v--Ao-.
Ramesh: Oh, no. I can sing but not in a com- Kumar: cousins \--o-p -
petition. ? l. x , x
. -- F x phone h. correct p--h?
v . Eo-d F h. Answers: b) Bhavan: Hi Bhaskar, Congrats.
Mahesh: O come Ramesh. Tell yourself you Kishore: y o E----- (disappoint) a) Kumar: Hi Kishore, What news? Bhaskar: What on?
can, and you will. ---o. y - p Kishore: How about coming for a picnic / join-
-. - _ C . Bhavan: Sekhar told me yesterday (that) you
, N. y ---E
Kumar: F picnic postpone --? ing a picnic this weekend? will you had got/ won a prize.
F y p, ---.
Picnic miss - - d . come for/ will you join a picnic this Bhaskar: O, That's nothing. I got that prize for
Ramesh: I am not so sure. (- -t weekend? Ten of us are going. the best essay in the essay writing
) Kumar: This weekend? I'm (I am) afraid I can't competition.
Mahesh: You can try at least, Keep telling your- (cannot) come. Bhavan: I Know you can write very well/ I know
self you can, and you will be able to Kishore: What's (What is) the problem? you are very / quiet good at writing.
-x--- 61
do it. Kumar: My cousins will be here this weekend.
But I didn't know that you had got/
--, --, E p- Kishore: Ask them to join us too.
(-) . y - won the prize until sekhar told me. let
--.
-v-o:
( %Ah/ NC Ey- x }-/
1) Rajani has to work along with Ravi We have to start now to meet him - --E ----E p ----)/ Marriage/ meeting/ dinner/ party/
Rajani is to work along with Ravi ---L C --Eo/ J-n- -Ah-E *-hC. celebrations etc. O-Eo- ---,
2) They have to hold the programme She has to stay at office from 10 to 4. -, -}- n- come, go, be
They are to hold the programme Office 10 * 4 L NC. present attend \ .
3) The SP, Naveen Chand who was to She has to take care of her child, so she is unable to come.
a) Eo- School -.
attend as a chief guest in this pro- J-nA (Gf --) E-y-.- He didn't (did not) attend school yesterday.
gramme was not / had not/ did not come You have to be here at 10 OJ-\ 10 L C c.
b) O -R}-- ?
yesterday. 2) Rajani is to work along with Ravi Rajani Ravi -L E---L/
j u-xE is/ has to, how to/ are to, was/ had -----C/ --hC \ C ----Eo -J-* ----C. C Whyriage?
didn't you (did you not) attend the mar-
-x--- 63
-\ J - --C. O
-----o, --o. B---E. L . - cricket board
*o - --d--- ?
(Do a favour -)
I can't give..
Pooja: Doing you a favour! That will be a real
pleasure for me. What's it?
F - E -.
p.
Raasi: Can you let me spend the lunch break in
your home? We have two sessions with
a break of an hour in between. Vinai: l _ . -E --
7. You can have C. Possibility -.
I can neither go home nor stay at the --. E-- o p------E.
institution.
Fo p--- --o 'can'
Concentration - Manoj: -- F . -p
lunch break O x -a. --.
classes break
-. -J . ---
u Now Practise the following aloud in English.
C. x , ---\ Prakash: ---.
(Use all that you have learnt so far)
- . Eo Rajeev: C E-- -L-T- -N--.
Pooja: You can, by all means. Only I can't be a) Bhavani: birthday. OJ-l p Ba . M. SURESAN Raghav: worry . -- p-----
there at the time. I am sorry I can't give h ? Vinai: - -E .
you company. I go for my dance classes Sucharitha: O
at the time. Don't worry. You can have
x p- N -p? match p - d) Nagaraj: Ny-p- time waste
tLo? d?
my sister Pallavi's company. o }F.
Chandra: Cake p h? Prakash: F M. a Sunday ?
p-, , time x Prahlad: S} -p --. Eo?
company Bhavani: Correct v 5.30. -L team -* players
- -. F y-. Nagaraj: time -j-.
time dance Sucharitha: --,. C- -\
x---h.-- o. x- --L-T x. Prahlad: ---. examC.
-. Lx xN F ---. . Vinai: . x N F --.
F company C. Chandra: 5 class C. 5.30 matches . , x
(By all means p-, EoN) Nagaraj: x -?
-. - late h. -L-. Prahlad: p-.
Raasi: Thank you.
-v-o: ' < C ? uEo O -Tx- ''Isn't -v-o: I saw a devil, I happend to see a devil -
that sari nice/ beautiful"? o. u -q n, uEo . E verbs p *aC.
E -Tx- aJ --q C. uEo Model auxiliary verbs \ have been h n
''Is that sari nice/ beautiful?" --? E hC? could be E Eo n- a-x
---: A very good question. - negative sense -L
- --@-Fo, --%-- --T--a. - ---.
---: I saw a devil- devil /devil --C.
XE---, d
-o-p-, ' negative tone hC
. Is that sari beautiful n--N? < - x, y Will be
y--o-E n hC. I happend to see a devil- devil - n-
? E . ' < ? ---E, ' < given Man of the match
E -a. - *C/ devil -- -n-*C. I happened to -
C ? --E English p-, 'Isn't award to be given \. --/ ---E -- -J-* h.
that sari beautiful?' E-F, 'That sari is beautiful, isn't (wedding) to be solemnized by x -. \ Nv I bought it in that shop C shop o.
it?' E-F p, -- E C ? n (by somebody),
u Ey-------oC - I happened to buy it in that shop C shop
somebody (x), to solemnize the wedding
-v-o: -- -u- English Translation p-.
. -E-. - ( Nv J-TC ( shop - -E -- F
To be solemnized correct
uEo Ey----o E).
-v-o: -- --o u- pa? He is think-
is to be solemnized is, omit
E L. to be sol-
\ o).
1. \- h-E O ---o?
2. J* -E O ---o? emnized C . Will be solemnized E ing by walking (--h ---*h--o-). Gita is singing by
3. o N-\--o. -a u Et-Eo d. working ( E-----C).
b) To be + past participle u passive construction. He is
---:
-vQ-E-, -A-A
---: O j--N -. Ist sentence: D-E-
1. Where, do you think, I am going/ I will go tomorrow? to do it (active) - It is to be done by him.
XE-, --t-, ..->x.
2. What do you think she thinks of me? ( - to be done - to be + pp)
3. He feels vexed with me. I am to take them home (active) - They are to be taken (to - u- p ---o---. p (is
-v-o: 1. v-Man of the match ''to be given''
a--p E be + pp) home by me. thinking correct ). He thinks as he is walking/ He
thinks and is walking at the same time, -a.
''to be solemnised by (some
. R} f- 2) I could have found the way all right - J ----L
- Past tense. h s-d Ep-ho d, He
-v-o:
body)'' E h. to be will be
E (E, ---)
Parts of speech Preposition The thinks as he walks - better. \--J I/ II regular
a !To be + PP p -? \ ,
2. ''I could have found the way all right''. Tenses,
\ L---. O doing word p J - d.
u n N? C q -C? direct & indirect speech -J-* -N--J--. He thinks as he walks sentence -p-
He is going to..
Sasikanth: -N- h-o?
(Hurry )
Ravikanth: bike -- -o. o
Selection t-o.
Sasikanth: ---o?
Sasikanth: In a week's time at the most. The 3) I am going to be the first branch manager. Ravikanth: . x o _ -*
a) I will buy a car soon.
Telecom company is going to open first manager DD -C. C B-E shop
---o. y car
its branch here and I am going to be 4) Is your salary going to be any the better? _ h. -Eo shop
.
the first branch manager. F @ _ --? ---o.
Kalyan: Glad to hear that. Congrats. Is your
(Ea----o)
5) There's going to be a difference. b) I am going to a buy a Sasikanth: y-p ---o bike ?
salary going to be any the better? Ravikanth: Bike status K \.
--C. car.
congrats.
. @ o
6) I am going to buy a flat. car --o Helicopter --o.
M. SURESAN
\- ? Answer:
Sasikanth: There's going to be a difference of
---o-. flat (O-- y).
future ---o , Sasikanth: Why are you in a hurry?
atleast Rs. 2000/- (C j--Eo \
F 2000 -- -C. -E *a- - - am going to/ *a) Ravikanth: Pavan is going to buy a bike. He
Kalyan: Very glad then. Hope you will call is going to/ are going to + 1st regular doing word c) He will join duty soon. wanted me to help him in the selec-
me before you join. By the by, I am . duty
y- ---o. tion.
going to buy a flat soon, that too, in a) She is going to buy a new dress. d) He is going to join duty soon. Sasikanth: Is he going to buy it today?
a week. I will move in soon after. h dress --C. (- Ea- duty y --o Ravikanth: Yes. He is going to get the DD from
Here's the new address. his dad today. He will take it and
- - C. - - - ) will join (C o \ *a)
Phone
h -F - come to the shop. I am going to
b) -\ -- classes attend --- C y ---C. y C---.
h--E --Ph-o. ox p
o. It is going to happen. Don't you worry. meet him at the shop.
J (by the by) h flat -- Sasikanth: When are you going to buy a bike?
o, -. -o- He is going to attend classes here for a week. (-x 'you don't worry' 'Don't you
c) bank worry' Ravikanth: A bike is too low for my status. I am
--. D h address. * h s B- - - - o . --).
going to buy a helicopter.
-- am going to, is going to, are They are going to withdraw all the money p--- --o N: will/ shall
going to expressions : from this bank. o am going to/ is going to/ are going to + 1st
-v-o: 1) House l--o- x, Home x-! -v-o: Present Continuous tense -This land belongs -v-o: Having --Th A.Voice, P.Voice Eo ----
2) --- House wife E L. Home wife E to him (Correct). E This land is belonging to Ly--. Having -s --Th? to have
him E ---? ---.
x , v--Lx- ---: Having AV hC. Passive . Passive
p?- - --Eo - --Tx- -a -%-d -B--R- --Th Eo ----L-y-. -.--vQ-E-, -d
Homewife o- o. Homewife E ------E
N? ---: Eo verbs, am+ing, is+ing, are+ing forms p past participle, E 'be' form h.
House wife -h-o. . x belong . am Having . Active voice having j o sen-
L------. belonging/ is belonging/ are belonging tences h. I am having coffee; My father is hav-
3) Communication skills ---- rule . C English ing a bath,etc. To have eg: I am happy to have a
E ----i- * ~. verbs -J-* N- car. To have a car like this makes me happy.
h- p. J lessons Ja. . j o h.
-.--.-.--, o- -v-o: 1) I have to attend meeting 3) I ought to obey the order: c -- NC.
---: House l x . -j, - E--- - 2) I must leave this place Ought to o E--L n hC.
3) I ought to obey the order
-E-E (any building for people to live in) house , , l u DEo FA v, jA u- -J-*
The underlined words give same meaning. So
vh .Home x -\--. l x-, kindly explain, is there any difference in mean-
L - - - ---.
---u- x, home. O j--- x You ought to respect elders lx -N- L.
ing? In what context those words are to used?- l x -N-- C E-, d, -- c
, ox l x OJ- E , ox O-o-C
x, O home. Hyderabad x-o-p-, O-\ E ---: 1) I have to attend the meeting meeting
-.-s--, V-, .. >x . jA-, FA v -N-L.
--- d you have a house in Hyderabad. Your home ox, x ought to .
}L \ -}-- -- \. a) She ought not to speak so rudely.
O-o x -j-, l-j. - order x a F ---E
2) Homewife - . Housewife correct. \ vu -}-- d. - x---.
Housewife n home maker h -- ho. DE- b) You ought not to waste money.
2) I must leave the place - \ - order x
h u American usage, houseworker (=housewife/ -R}--Lq C , - x s % --.
home maker). -R}--L o \ pJ-hC. Fo -- -C-*-N, d- EN.
3) Communication skills ----E * English newspaper vA-W I must do this. EC L, order x a, - You ought to have helped her
- -. TV newscasts N. English story books *o-*o - a -- d a. must -LqC.
- v-G* lN -. C have to/ has to o h \ powerful. x should, must, have to/ has to .
I --- --C- 6 --- 2005
Bhavan: I am going to apply for the job. What e) They are going to transfer him.
about you? transfer
x-Eo ---o. Eg -B-
job
apply
---o. F will transfer
o. h. \ are going
? to transfer *a.
Chalam: I have filled in the application. I will f) Once he gets this job, he will resign the pres-
post it as soon as I get my certificates. ent job. job job
, p -h.
Application certificates
Jh . \ 'will' resign
- -E-; -
ready post
- h. job
----C - O --
Bhavan: Haven't you got them yet? C. Jh -- x . -E \
---E --a--? will.
Chalam: I am going to collect them from college g) If he doesn't get the transfer he will continue.
tomorrow. Nagaraj is going to apply transfer
- --- -- ---C -,
too. ----Eo d C -E will.
will/ shall am going to/ is going to/ are Sankar: We will, if we get a good price.
college
certificates
* O Venkat: *E t pC. -
going to + 1st RDW h. --d application, D.D. Fo Tarun: How long are you going to keep it
Nagaraj apply
-a---o. o .
-E* x-- spoken english - B. h procedure -N vacant?
---o. If, unless, suppose, in case
Bhavan: Why? Isn't he happy with his present
u. -u p? (*-V = Auspicious day) Sankar: We are not in a hurry. We are going to
o sentences am going to/ is going to/ are Akhil: let it out. Whenever we get a good
job? p-. --
going to (If = in case = suppose =
friend o ----o. price we will sell it (off)/ dispose it of.
job
? p-o -Ed ? . ,
unless
J-n-x; p;) when = -
Chalam: They are going to transfer him to
am/ is/ are
-p n --p , --E doctor _- B----. Tarun: I will ask my father if he is interested.
Tamilnadu. His father is against it. So ---y BJ_ a-E The other day he was talking of buying
going to .
once he gets this job he will resign the x---a. a house.
present job. But if he doesn't get the Venkat: p free ? Sankar: No hurry at all. Find out from your
transfer he will continue in it. v -T- ? father if he is interested. We will
future actions ( exercises Shall/ Will
-x--- 65
j -- -J- reduce the price if it is for you.
future
-TC ? Eo--sx will/
----E am/ is/ are going to
Tarun: I will let you know tomorrow.
shall J-Eox am going to/ is going to/ are -E-.)
going to + 1st Regular doing word -?
Shall/ Will, am going to/ is going to/ are going
to forms -Ffuture --E .
C. ----
- u. lesson .
shall, will control E future .
Am going to/ is going to/ are going to forms
When will you be free?
- Eg O -- Now practise the following aloud in English: 2) Akhil: Hi Venkat,
- - -. 1) Sankar: - h x --o. Akhil: . What brings
a) I am going to apply for the job; Tarun: po x t-h-o? 3) Manoj: Hi Fareed, \--* h-o? you here?
job apply Sankar: Fareed: bike h trouble h, mechanic Venkat: I am going to
---o. - * h t-h---o
*a. Eg B-- J-TC. o. --*a --ho. apply for a
b) I will post it as soon as I get my certificates. Tarun: - E S --- Manoj: F bike - trouble h-? passport. I
certificates post h. \ o? (S = vacant) Fareed: II hand bike - --
need your
application post certificates
- a-- Sankar: . p Eo -. help. M. SURESAN
- O -- C. Certificates - l--y--o. p * -- h Manoj: -- --o Eo?
apply condition Akhil: When are you
--E d \ p--th. Fareed: -x. -x repairs
will posto. x I am going to (ly- let out. in a hurry) going to apply?
- d.
post Tarun: o- --, o Venkat: Mom says/ has said that tomorrow is
. Manoj: J _ o Eo?
c) I am going to collect them from college an auspicious day. I will take the pass
h --E. -o-p x -- Fareed: d *.
tomorrow. Ecollege * a- J* x-. p . bike --lF p. port application, DD, etc., tomorrow.
-. --R} --a---- -. C -- Sankar: . O oJ--o Interest foolish o, \ hC won't you (will you not) let me know
C. DE conditions --O d am \. O t. -E. the procedure?
going to collect. will collect -aF Akhil: Sure. But in half an hour my friend/
Manoj:
T_h. t--a ?
n . Tarun: h N. a friend of mine is going to meet me.
Answers:
d) Nagaraj is going to apply too. - 2) Akhil: Hi Venkat, --- a? I am going to take him to doctor. Once
Sankar: We are moving into the new home
apply ---o. h. He will apply Venkat: Passport apply --o. h F
tomorrow. that's over we can sit over your pass-
too force -. will apply ---C is going L. Tarun: Are you selling away/ going to sell the port business at leisure.
to apply *a. Akhil: p apply ---o? house you are in? Venkat: When will you be free then? Shall I
-v-o: Contrary sense & positive sense - --N- N- ---. 2) He might not have gone - }----a (}--a ) see you at 4 this evening?
Contrary sense Akhil: That's OK
-o -u- -p --E Eo v h--x \- \ contrary sense .
3) Manoj: Hi Fareed, where are you coming
o. --N -- d ---. They might have seen you - Eo x -a (--
1. He should not have gone - - v- E -. from?
-a) No contrary sense - doubt. Fareed: My bike has had/ had some trouble. I
2. He might not have gone - - v- . 3) He must not have gone - - . \ contrary sense
have left it at the mechanic's and am
3. He must not have gone - - v- .
- , sentence p. (Dn R} *a }-) on my way home/ am going home.
Mood and model verbs, subjunctive J* N- ---.
\ a. Manoj: Why does your bike give trouble so
subjunctive usage, perfect subjunctive verbs J* --L----.
a) He should not have gone - } (contrary sense) - correct often?
-.--Jq-f, j--- b) He must not have gone - *a- R} Fareed: Buying a used bike (modern word for
---: Positive sense - ', E }- (C contrary sense - uA- II hand) is the mistake I made/ I made
n -. -n ) positive sense hC. a mistake - buying a used bike.
Contrary sense - uA--n - - - -u-- --La ---: Manoj: How long have you been using it?
1) He should not have gone. Fareed: For two years now/ For the past two
a) He should have gone - }--LqC }-
R} -- years. I have spent Rs 2000/- on
contrary sense.
(-}--LqC ) F -}. repairs so far.
b) He must have gone - } p-
\ 'He should not have gone' -- Manoj: Who did you buy it from?
E '} E uA--n hC, } Positive sense. Fareed: From a distant relative of ours. I can't
(cannot) blame him. He told me not
d C contrary sense - C p . O C gram-
- ---:
mar book -. He must have passed the exam. Otherwise he would not have applied to buy it/ He advised me/ warned me
They should not have talked like that. for the job. against buying it. I bought it foolishly
x--LqC (F x-) - contrary sense. -- *a- pass . (pass u positive sense) because I got it cheap.
They should have done that. job apply ( contrary sense). Manoj: Why don't you sell it (off)?
-x-C --LqC (F -) - contrary sense. Subjunctive usage, etc., y N-Jh-.
I --- --- 8 --- 2005
Kapil: Hi Subhash, Well met. Any idea of how
--J L- N say , tell
many of us are going on the picnic next
-sx n p-, - E.
weekend?
O -- C. j
--- *--C(well met). a- l.
picnic CN -o? A (tell)
Suhas: About 15 of us. C-----a.
i) I told him of it
Kapil: Does Rahul know about it?
B (say)
? i) What did he say?
Suhas: He does. I told him of it yesterday.
ii) He said that he was not sure.
. - Eo -- --p.
iii) All that he said was ...
Kapil: What did he say? Is he joining us?
tell Tell me why you have done it. (say to me why
--C-*- --J-Eo... The teacher told the students to sit down
you have done it
-o. h-o?
ii) Didn't he tell you and to note down the points.
).
Suhas: He said that he was not sure. g) Tell Story
Why he was doubtful? x say . (The teacher said -JpD-- .
- - o. Please tell a story. old fashioned.
C
iii) ... tell him to come to the pupils to sit down
.)
Kapil: Didn't he (Did not he) tell you why he O Tell, Say --C-*- N-. Fo
d) say y thanks, good bye, hello, sorry, a
was doubtful? Has he any other pro- Practice -, - x ---a.
few words, a little/ little (about something/
gramme that day? Practise the following aloud in English:
some one) E -a. x tell . a) Raghu:
-x--- 66
- - F p--?- N F --- p?
e) Tell to . He told to me to go/
-V - --i- --? Ram:
He told to her that he liked cricket
Raghu: o -----J-* o p?
Ram: --D -p--.
v-o: Indirect Speech -J-* p-d --C. u -v-o: - Please clarify the difference between simple present we were here some time ago, say 10 minutes ago/ an
hour ago, and since then, we have continued to be here
-J-Q-L-* -- -Ba-. and present perfect tenses used in these sentences.
till now/ we are here even now.
1) "An amount of Rs.104 Crores would be paid in Rajampet con- 1) We are inside. We have been inside.
stituency of Cuddappah District on Saturday. u-Eo What's the difference?
\ v--, p---
Indirect Speech
- . u --? 2) We are behind them.
J-T-C/ - --C, E.
Abdul Kalam is our President ( president -
news paper
() Fact
(will be paid
We have been behind them.
would paid ) p--o? 3) She is in town.
--o N)
Abdul Kalam has been our president for the past two
s -/ --Lx J-T-x? ? She has been in town.
and a half years= president
-o--x
2) As the Offense was not cognisable a Magistrate 4) I am uneasy about the situation.
would carry out a investigation.
o. (-o-x v * p -/-)
- --V I have been uneasy about the situa-
would carry
N sentences :
J-T - --V - *aC. - u tion. -O- n -N--J--. 2) i) We are behind them = x o (p)
outE --C. - v uh J-T---d? --- --? As per tense rule, I know the difference of above each
ii) We have been behind them.
sentence which are in simple present as well as in present
---: Sentence No 1 - C indirect speech C E
-. FL, -x- -- x o.
perfect tense. But, what is/ may the meaning of above
3) She is in town = -- x C ()
uEo d -hC. C Mr x said E , sen- sentences whether they are used in simple present or
She has been in town = -- x C.
tence E continuation , C indirect speech , present perfect? Please explain it in detail.
4) I am uneasy about the situation.
would correct. sentence independent B \
---: 1) We are inside = we are inside NOW.
- ---Cl-, o- J-nA s-C C p.
would p; will correct -C. I have been uneasy about the situation.
Sentence No 2 - \ j rule Jh-hC. Independent sen- o. -- J-nA s-C C.
tence B will carry out, better. indirect speech We have been inside. Please refer to the earlier lessons on 'be' forms for
- would carry out o-p uh --- ox. -* p o. more information.
I --- 10 --- 2005
Preethi: Mom, can I have some more milk?
j -- some, any -- -E-
t, h L . .O n ? Some=
Laxmi: Sorry child. You can't have anymore. , Eo. some Countables
There is some milk left, of course, but -a, uncountables -a. Some
we need it for the payasam this milk = Cl-, Some books = Eo h-.
evening. Any = j, j. DEo Countables ,
--t. Eo -o--F, N Uncountables - -a. Any
v -E L. book = h--i; any milk = j .
Preethi: Can I have something to eat? I am Some, any - English
hungry. \. d conversation
Ai ? -L C. -C. plenty = \ counta-
Pranav: Can you lend me some money?
Laxmi: There are plenty of biscuits in the bles, uncountables - -a. Ratnakar:
. F --o ?
Can you lend me any money?
--
Plenty of milk = %-Cl ; plenty of time; Venkat:
fridge. Have as many as you want. not
- -p-y--? (-\- --) - o. x-
plenty of money, etc. Plenty of books = .
There is bread too. Eat it if you like. Prakash: I'm afraid, I haven't any. _ .
h-; plenty of runs - -; plen- Ratnakar: Suman -F friend
Fridge ---Eo / biscuits I am afraid -
( N uh )
ty of eggs, plenty of biscuits etc. Pranav: Haven't you any. really?
o. Suman infor-
o. F\-Eo A. bread j -expressions mation y--.
E ?
C. d A. 1) You can't have any more. 2) Manoj: Botany O * h-
(\ not C d any)
Preethi: I'll (I will) have bread then. Can I have 2) There's some milk left. Prakash: I Have some money of course, but I
L. O _--o o?
some jam or butter go with it? 3) Can I have something to eat? Shopkeeper: _ Eo * h---
need it for paying fees. I shan't (shall
bread Ax. E jam F 4) Can I have some jam or butter...? not) have any left after that. o.Botany O * h--
o-F i ? 5) No butter any more. C. F C fees d--E o p. C _
(go with= n L. C d y N-. C.
Not E- some hC. Not o-p any Manoj: O _ - o x Eo-E p.
n J--.Idli goes well with sam- Shopkeeper: o ? list .
bar x -C. We have only
hC . C v-h h--L.
2) No any E p . Eo h- x
-x--- 67
chapathis, no kurma to go with it. -B
No j . not any, contracted form- o. \-o x j
v o. E J- t ) n't any j. -F no any . * h-.
Laxmi: No butter any more for you. You put on
weight. Have jam.
Butter l. -\-.
Preethi: What about you? You haven't had any-
thing since morning. Why don't you
have something to eat?
Have you any?
J O --N? l-o* A- 6) You haven't had anything since the morning. 3) Suseela: I have nothing to do today. (I Manoj: Thank you.
. j A--? 7) Don't you eat anything then? haven't any thing to do today). Answers:
Laxmi: We are fasting today. You know today - ---x - ---h-C? Have you any novel that I can 1) Ratnakar: Have you /
is Karthika Somavaram. i) not *a--p-x any hC. Not -p read? Have You
OV -. Kh - . some hC ? C important point. E-. F _--o had / Do
(fast = -/ u - A - ii) Questions . (not) y? you have
, starve = A h-. - answer repeat --p question Chandana: There are some here. Take any of any news
any hC. them. from
-h-E u p I am starving. Let suman?
M. SURESAN
me have something to eat) a) He has some money. \ Eo o. j B.
'not' Suseela: Let me have some novel that I can Venkat: No. (I don't have / haven't had any.)
Preethi: Don't you eat anything then?
C (\ )
b) He hasn't any money. finish in a day. What about?
O A J? novel Ratnakar: Don't you remember? We asked
() (\ not ) \V Jh- j
Laxmi: Not until after the pooja after sunset.
He hasn't any money = He has no money. y. him for some information about a
<f y -u--- A. conversation He hasn't any money
Chandana: I'm afraid that there aren't any job.
Preethi: Why do people fast on Kartheeka such. All of them are lengthy. Venkat: I haven't had any phone call from
C more common. C \- -
Somavaram? Have you any money
-. -- O . Fo l -. him (No Phone call from him so
Kh - - o-panswer No, I haven't any
E Suseela: Any by Chase? far). Isn't there anyone else who
? money (repeat
C- -). Chase -x-o o? can give us this information?
Laxmi: Good question. But I haven't the time No, I haven't any
\ Jh j n- .
, E ---a. (Anyone= -o, Anyone else=
now to tell you. not
d \ any
o hC.
Questions 'not' some
--o-p, , --o)
i) Any novel = novel
-/--j novel.
* vo. F -p p--E time any v hC.Not some, any
- Ratnakar: None. (Do) you know anyone?
ii) Any by Chase = Chase --j?
. a. Venkat: I know some one, but he is not in
iii) Some novel = novel.
j
-v-o: 1) Eo Eo (barber ) ~ -- x-j o?
Any one/ anybody who can help me?
town/ out of town (out of station
)
---o. -o. Ratnakar: Suman has some friend in the com-
I got/ had my hair cut yes- Some
-E-: /
Got, had- -J n hC.
terday. n -. pany. He can give suman any infor-
2) I will get my hair cut tomorrow
2) Some book was lying on the table. mation he wants.
- ~(Barber ) ---
table O -- h C / C. 2) Manoj: I want some good books on Botany.
--. . (hair cut
, ) Dn O---
I will get my hair cut tomorrow I came here with the hope that some Do you have/ Have you any?
od --o . teacher will help me.
3) Eo o Shopkeeper: We do have some good books.
3) We had/ got our house white washed
. / teacher Name any good book on botany,
(white wash correct
\ )
we had/ got our house white wash yesterday h- a. and we have them.
4)
o -.
o h Now practise the following aloud in Manoj: Please let me know some of the good
4) We will have/ get our house white washed.
we will get our house white wash tomorrow. English:
(White wash tomorrow. books you have.
had
)
-n-Eo -N--Jh, d -- ---.
x h. 1) Ratnakar: F-o news *a Suman Shopkeeper: Why only some? Please see go
---: To be phrase N:
I think he will be there
- -, --Jz
v-h -E-: 1) Krishna: Didn't you (Did you not) go to
November *, present *, ii) -\ -E --o
Rajkot to see the cricket match?
December future. future p- I thought he would be there. 1) to be + ing form;
Kumar: I thought I would, but dropped the
will, shall . [will, shall - future p- b i) I Class h-E ---o 2) To be + Past participle.
I think I will get a first class. idea. We would enjoy it better viewing
-E -- ---Th- les- it on the TV than watching it live.
O Eo u-- -a.
sons - N- --o] ii) I Class h-E - o 1) to be + ing form -..
2) August 2005 - C - Past. I thought that I would get a I class. (\ live = j vu-~) a) We expect him to be studying now
September 2005 - C - past. Krishna: I told you, there wouldn't (would not)
Now practise the following aloud in english: b) We found to be sleeping soundly, etc.
August 2005 * September 2005 1) Krishna: y Rajkot -}--, be the replays, the slow motion views.
2) to be + pp -..
--C? Future (N-uh) ? Kumar: You are right. My brother told me that
Cricket match ---E? a) We ordered the work to be finished in
p--* August (past) * September Kumar: l- -o, E -o. he would cancel the train tickets yes-
terday itself. an hour
2005 future. August 2005 *, vu-~ ---o, TV h
Krishna: I knew that you wouldn't be going, b) He wanted them to be seen there.
past * September 2005 future -C. enjoy - E.
that you would cancel the tickets and 'to be...' phrases subject
sen-
d p --C: Krishna: - p TV replays,
a) November 2005 * December 2005 - that you would lose money. tences
slow motion view E, --y
.
Present * future. N-. Kumar: You know my uncle is in Rajkot. So I a) I wanted to see him (sub + vb2)
b) August 2005 * September 2005 - Kumar: y right. Train tickets Eo - thought I would go. So what do you b) She tried to meet him (sub + v2)
past * future. v cancel h--o, -t. think of the match? c) They wished to succeed (sub + v2)
I [- 15 2005
h... B?
4. He would drink.
(- u-- -]-a.)
i) I don't mind (a little coffee/ tea), thanks. -]--h. English x \
5. My dad would never drink.
It doesn't matter
y --o?
Sukumar: As for me so long as things are good
to eat, it makes no difference to me
what I eat.
A--E * o
A--E ---C - u .
Krishna: Never mind how I got it. I have it. Jagan: I am sure I
Bhaskar: So long as the things are tasty, I Pramod: group B--o?
shan't (shall
never mind what I eat. ( *a --. _Jp- Venkat: MPC ----o.
sC. D u) o v BiPC -E not) be disap-
A--E * -j y-
c) It makes little difference/ It makes no differ- C. family -- doctors pointed.
Shekhar: I'd have none of the hot stuff.
ence whether you come at 10.30 or 11.00 . o d-- doc- Suman: Then it's OK.
h- d/ B-
when you do not come at 10. tor -E C. Best of luck.
Bhaskar: Never mind. You have a variety of
things to eat. (y C- -p, y p--*a Pramod: u-J. 4) Pramod: Hi Venkat,
y--. -- h---o y-/ C-o---*a , ----*a Venkat: F interest .Biology have you M. SURESAN
A-. .) x c --L. joined any
---E expressions -E-. - -E-? ---Fo.. d--d -. college?
a) What does it matter? Pramod: C d. Biology * c--h Venkat: Not yet. Dad is not in town. He will
1. Doesn't (Does not matter)
2. Makes no difference b) It matters little/ It matters nothing/ It doesn't -. O o -- a come back tomorrow. I will talk to dad
3. Makes little difference matter much
p--? what college I am going to join.
Venkat: ap--? -*-ho. Pramod: What group are you going to take?
4. Never mind. c) What difference does it make?/ It doesn't
5) Mohan: v-V h y--? Venkat: I want to do MPC. But dad wants me
make any difference/ It makes no/ Little dif-
John: p-, B. E---E AJTy to do BiPC. There hasn't been a doc-
ference
d) Never mind expressions n, -- Ja-. tor in our family so far (No doctor so
Mohan: -- a-hx. far in my family). Dad wants me to be
-. OE Conversation . --
natural effective C.
N - Eo? y-----. the first doctor in the family.
John: C?
-v- o: 1) How to express the Telugu word Now practise the following aloud in English:
Mohan: y vA h . x Eo
Pramod: Go ahead then.
Venkat: But I am not so interested. A lot of
in English.
''- 1) Mukund: l Station ?
Shankar:
-d--? names to remember in biology. I am
2) What can I do to get 'American Accent' j y--. y a-d- John: --- p? h l
Phone poor at mugging.
3) Why do we use the word 'spoken' in . F?
Mukund: Phone (mugging = d d)
"spoken English"? -u- F Answers:
Ja---E. Pramod: That's right. Biology needs good
He said that..
An amusing movie/ situation - N -L-
T-/- -u---i E-/- -J-nA.
2) annoy = ( ' \---)
N-T-; p-.
a) The way he talks annoys me
x B L-T-hC.
. physics exam j N- O h-o--. p Ajitha:
. p. O---a -T -- b) His silly jokes annoys us
sentence :
silly jokes
C . o p -V --o. tLo N-T-h.
I know where he is Naresh: F p--, -h. c) Don't be annoyed =
d _- x--E. p--/ --p--.
Sandhya: That's OK. Would you promise me -\--o . 2) Omkar: Hi Srikar, -y -p -- - 3) bitter= (G 'G \ -)
(that) you would go tomorrow? No sentence statement. Question . -o-? Coffee/ Tea without milk and sugar is bitter.
more postponement, understand? I 'where' 'wh'
Srikar: -p ---- - --L--.
warn you (that) it will worsen if you --x sen- Venkat a--E-O ----
, - -E / .
neglect. tence question : He is bitter that he did not get the pro-
E E--a. F C. motion.
. h-E -h? Omkar: -p--aC F phone -?
. C h state- Promotion - o.
. y Eo -~- Srikar: J-T -L--. - phone
*Dl \C. ment. -E state- bitter pill = -v.
(worsen- ~-) ment structure (sub-
- --L-- . 4) Chair () n Ka. F I want
Omkar: O train time -L-? him to chair the meeting sentence
j--- that -E-: ject , verb
Srikar: . p. chair u-~ - (
1) I told you yesterday that I would go... y h) Omkar: C h-o. Worry .
2) he said that he would... v C. M. SURESAN Srikar: -C ? late ?
u-~ --E J-/ -----o)
3) I told Dad that I wouldn't be... sentences . Venkat: Traffic \- C. auto
5) Chase = b - -.
4) Would you promise me that you would... Eo -E --E - The tiger chased the deer - L > -
I asked him why he was absent yesterday.
u T--C.
5) I warn you that it will worsen. Srikar: \ _--\ phone ?
-C. , - n C.
(why was he absent ?)
sentences that n 'E E. a) Where can I get some good tea? Venkat: -E--. auto
N -o h, N 'that' (* tea \ --C?) phone \- -L---.
hC. b) Tell me where I can get some good tea. Answers:
He told me that he would go.
h-E p-/- -o. (*tea \ -- p)
sentence (a) question, can I
-E x
1) Naresh: Hi Ajitha, where is your father?
Ajitha: He has gone out.
-v-o: Iam poor at spellings. Please, give
a) I told you yesterday that I would go information about pronunciation
get . Naresh: Where has he gone?
\- h-E Eo F o. casettes and CDs.
sentence (b) statement; question Ajitha: He doesn't tell me / He never tells me
b) He said that he would help me
where I can get
---: A Number of Pronunciation casettes
-E . where he goes. I do not know when he
--.--f, --
h-E o. c) where does he go every evening?
c) I told dad that I wouldn't be... (would not be) will return / he will be back.
and CDs are available in leading
(vA v \ h?) Naresh: Did you tell him / Have you told him
}-E o p. d) Ask him where he goes every evening. Book Shops. Pronunciation and
d) Would you promise me that you would go that I came for him yesterday?
spelling casettes and CDs prepared
tomorrow?
(vA v \---h ---) Ajitha: I did / I have. He told me / wanted me
h-E -h? sentence (c) question d where does by Central Institute of English and
e) I warn you that it would worsen to find out why you had come.
he go? Foreign Languages are also avail-
Naresh: I can't tell you (of it). I'll (will) come
a-J-ho C \----E. sentence (d) statement d where he able in Hyderabad. A number of for-
tomorrow.
d j sentences Eo- that 'E. goes. C English - u-i . eign books on Conversation, pronun-
2) Omkar: Hi Srikar, when are you starting?
conversations , writing e) -\ o h? ciation and spelling carry casettes
Srikar: I myself do not know when I am
()
'that' C-- y---. . Where did he buy the book? and CDs with them. Enquire for them
going to start. (It) depends on when
f) He did not tell me where he had bought the in the market.
-v-o: -- -- -u-- -- --d----
p-. Venkat comes here. / On venkat's com-
j sentenses that n book ing here.
o-. ----CTutorials, tution cen-
. h \ o p-. Omkar: Has'nt he phoned you when he is com-
I told you I would go. tre, tuition centre --E h-o. --C
(h , p y d ing.
I told you that I would go. had bought) d? -- Asoka's tutorials, Asoka
Srikar: I don't know what has happened. I
He said he would help me. g) = Where has he gone? tutorial's
--C --L?
-\---}? don't know either (not either)
=
He said (that) he would help me. (Question - So, has he gone?)
---: Tuition C Correct spelling. Asoka
why he has'nt phoned. -.-N.-- -, --Kq-o
She says she can't sing any more. h) No one knows where he has gone Omkar: Doesn't he know the time of your train.
she says that she can't sing any more. -\---} -J -L--. Srikar: He does / He knows. I told him too. Tutorials correct. -x -E
--E C. (Statement; so - he has gone. Omkar: There he is. Don't worry. Apostrope (') s ('s) .
I --- -- 24 --- 2005
JTC...!
recover = [, [ d) The truck ran into the bus from behind/
x E[
7) spilling of blood = Venu: The other day I saw a man bleeding
Recover from fever. rammed the bus from behind.
h #][
8) bleed = h [ from injuries. An auto hit him. While
y # [. he was crossing the road in peak
traffic, the auto knocked him down.
Kiran: Did he die? (Hope he did not die)
Venu: I don't know. But his injuries were
serious. It is difficult for any one to
survive such injuries.
(survive = E # --
[)
( v # C.) bleeding injuries = Kiran: The number of people dying in traffic
recovery = yn e) The car crashed into a tree.
h-
accidents is more in our country than
Wish you a speedy recovery. -o
( d C.) uncontrollable bleeding in many other countries.
(y/ O y ---E / J) f) The vehicle ran over the boy.
= -E h-v
Bhanu: OK OK. Take your time. Calm down. ( v O] # RxC.) Bleed- bled (past)- bled
(. BJ-_ p. ] ]--[.) (past participle)
Ravi: (After a few minutes) I was on my way
They admitted him into
here on my bike. Just as I took the turn
hospital with bleeding
at the last cross roads, I heard a loud
injuries.
noise. I stopped and turned round to
see what it was. Oh, God! a lorry had
(- h -o M. SURESAN
hit a boy on his cycle. Believe me, the
E x p-vA
Jp-.) vo: 1. Where do we keep Quotation
boy and his cycle flew into the air and marks at the end of the sentence?
Hospitalise = pvA Jp[
landed on the road. The boy hit the ( after full stop or before full stop)
ground head on. Blood spilled all over. 2. Kindly give a Pronunciation Guide
In no time a large crowd gathered. The for all the typical words which we
boy in no more. Spot dead, I am sure. use in regular English.
( j O] \[ ho. v-q
]_ A--o. ]l l. T x 76 3. Tatas and Birlas are tycoons. Is this
correct to say the above sentence
AJT . j O] o vE K as Both the Tatas and Birlas are
C. t... t- j Tycoons .
9) peak traffic = u Dl o v
v[ j TJ ]--f[ [f 4. Kindly give some examples with the
10 cross roads =
) O] [L
T. h #CC. operators must, need, dare, used
11) overtake = ]o -Eo --x[
-u. v[ \---\ E- to, ought to (Positive statement,
12) cross = --E ]-x[
[.) Negative, Yes-No Q, wh-Q)
overtake x cross (opposites)
spill = #][/ -[. 5. Is it correct to say passive forms for
All over = d Oh, God! a lorry had hit a boy on his cycle Now practise the following in English present perfect continuous,
In no time= future continuous and future perfect
1) Kiran: K, wjx p- -
No more = E-[ run over = O] # x[ (passive continuous tenses.
spot dead = \---\, p---p
!
. @, E
\- [). Venu: A?
spot= The man was ran over by the car.
Kiran: u [. [ v-
flew= T-[ (past tense of fly) ( O] # RxC.) . -x ]- ho :
Head on= T N] (]--]- g) knock down [. 1. If the whole sentence is to be placed in
The lorry knocked down the man.
E o K. C-C --
]-sx) f. v-] E O] quotations, they are placed after the full
Bhanu: How shocking! (K E d-C.) stop\ question mark\ exclamation.
2) die in an accident =
# K RxC. -E
( -!) v-] E[ p-vA B-- ]u E- She said, I am no longer interested in it
.
Ravi: The body is lying there in a pool of 3) fatal = --E --u He said, How can you do that?
blood. I was unable to bear the sight fatal accident =
-[.
--E J-B v] Venu: o -[ -J Bv The tourist said, How beautiful the Taj is
!
any longer. I came away. Poor boy. A fatal road accident- three died in a fatal If a word or group of words is to be placed
road accident.
j h [ . [
( h [ C. v \- o-p[ - in quotation the full stop comes after the
[- a. !) (--E --i v] v- C. question.
pool = [ (- Fx ] _ E--.) The Minister wants this to be, Indiraraj
' - ( \ -L) Kiran: E--? .
) fatal - 2. We will do it, in fact we are doing it.
' J \ L) = Venu: M]. F v
bear = J[ 4) injury ( 3. Correct sentences:
any longer = v. '
5) injure ( \L) =
Bv-i-. iC.
-]l s- -[ d. a) The Tatas and the Birlas are tycoons.
Bhanu: Let's go and see. Where exactly is it? [ b) Both the Tatas and the Birlas are
Kiran: v v-x E---J u
(Rx l ]. \[ J-TC?) a) People have/ suffer/ sustain injuries in tycoons.
Ravi: I told you. At the cross roads. You go. I an accident.
x -- \.
(a) is better than (b) 'Both is unneces-
am still in a shock. I can't bear to see it (v-] v --[-) Answers sary here as even without it the meaning is
again. b) The accident killed one and injured at clear.
1) Kiran: These lorry, auto drivers never
(p . v--q. yx. least five. 4. We are going to discuss all these in the
learn.
E - o. Sx [-) (v-] E--, F Venu: What is the matter? coming lessons. please wait.
\ - traffic, traffic accidents J -]- --f.) Kiran: See this newspaper. Two acci- 5. It is bookish. The best thing is to avoid
c) severe (' N)/serious injury = Bv-i them totally.
. -C# , - dents. In one of the accidents, a