) (x+y)dx+(xy)dy=0
M=x+yM=x+y ; My=1My=1
N=xyN=xy ; Nx=1Nx=1
Step 1: Let
Fx=MFx=M
Fx=x+yFx=x+y
F=(x+y)xF=(x+y)x
F=(x+y)xF=(x+y)x
Fy=x+f(y)Fy=x+f(y)
Step 4: Equate the result of Step 3 to N and collect similar terms. Let
Fy=NFy=N
x+f(y)=xyx+f(y)=xy
f(y)=yf(y)=y
Step 5: Integrate partially the result in Step 4 with respect to y, holding x as constant
f(y)=ydyf(y)=ydy
f(y)=12y2f(y)=12y2
Step 6: Substitute f(y) to Equation (1)
F=12x2+xy12y2F=12x2+xy12y2
Equate F to c
F=12cF=12c
12x2+xy12y2=12c12x2+xy12y2=12c
x2+2xyy2=cx2+2xyy2=c answer
2.) (6x+y2)dx+y(2x3y)dy=0
M=6x+y2M=6x+y2N=y(2x3y)=2xy3y2N=y(2x3y)=2xy3y2
My=2yMy=2y
Nx=2yNx=2y
Exact!
Let
Fx=MFx=M
Fx=6x+y2Fx=6x+y2
F=(6x+y2)xF=(6x+y2)x
F=(6x+y2)xF=(6x+y2)x
Fy=2xy+f(y)Fy=2xy+f(y)
Let
Fy=NFy=N
2xy+f(y)=2xy3y22xy+f(y)=2xy3y2
f(y)=3y2f(y)=3y2
f(y)=3y2yf(y)=3y2y
f(y)=y3f(y)=y3
F=3x2+xy2y3F=3x2+xy2y3
Equate F to c
F=cF=c
3x2+xy2y3=c3x2+xy2y3=c answer
3.) (2xy3x2)dx+(x2+y)dy=0
M=2xy3x2M=2xy3x2
N=x2+yN=x2+y
My=2xMy=2x
Nx=2xNx=2x
Exact!
Let
Fx=MFx=M
Fx=2xy3x2Fx=2xy3x2
F=(2xy3x2)xF=(2xy3x2)
Integrate partially in x, holding y as constant
F=(2xy3x2)xF=(2xy3x2)x
Fy=x2+f(y)Fy=x2+f(y)
Let
Fy=NFy=N
x2+f(y)=x2+yx2+f(y)=x2+y
f(y)=yf(y)=y
f(y)=yyf(y)=yy
f(y)=12y2f(y)=12y2
F=x2yx3+12y2F=x2yx3+12y2
Equate F to c
F=cF=c
x2yx3+12y2=cx2yx3+12y2=c answer
4.) (y22xy+6x)dx(x22xy+2)dy=0
M=y22xy+6xM=y22xy+6x
N=x2+2xy2N=x2+2xy2
Test for exactness
My=2y2xMy=2y2x
Nx=2x+2yNx=2x+2y
Exact!
Let
Fx=MFx=M
Fx=y22xy+6xFx=y22xy+6x
F=(y22xy+6x)xF=(y22xy+6x)x
F=(y22xy+6x)xF=(y22xy+6x)x
Fy=2xyx2+f(y)Fy=2xyx2+f(y)
Let
Fy=NFy=N
2xyx2+f(y)=x2+2xy22xyx2+f(y)=x2+2xy2
f(y)=2f(y)=2
f(y)=2yf(y)=2y
f(y)=2yf(y)=2y
F=xy2x2y+3x22yF=xy2x2y+3x22y
Equate F to c
F=cF=c
xy2x2y+3x22y=cxy2x2y+3x22y=c answer
Linear Equations
Solution 01
(x5+3y)dxxdy=0
(x5+3y)dxxdxxdyxdx=0
x5+3yxdydx=0
x4+3yxdydx=0
dydx3xy=x4dydx3xy=x4 linear in y
Hence,
P=3xP=3x
Q=x4Q=x4
Integrating factor:
ePdx=e(3x)dxePdx=e(3x)dx
ePdx=e3dxxePdx=e3dxx
ePdx=e3lnxePdx=e3ln
ePdx=elnx3ePdx=elnx3
ePdx=x3ePdx=x3
Thus,
yePdx=QePdxdx+CyePdx=QePdxdx+C
yx3=x4(x3)dx+c2yx3=x4(x3)dx+c2
yx3=xdx+c2yx3=xdx+c2
yx3=x22+c2yx3=x22+c2
Multiply by 2x3
2y=x5+cx32y=x5+cx3 answer
2(2xy+4y3)dx+(x+2)2dy=0
2[2y(x+2)3]dx+(x+2)2dy=0
2[2y(x+2)3]dx(x+2)2dx+(x+2)2dy(x+2)2dx=0
4y(x+2)6(x+2)2+dydx=0
4y(x+2)(x+2)26(x+2)2+dydx=0
(4x+2)y6(x+2)2+dydx=0
dydx+(4x+2)y=6(x+2)2 linear in y
Hence,
P=4x+2P=4x+2
Q=6(x+2)2
Integrating factor:
ePdx=e4x+2dx
ePdx=e4dxx+2
ePdx=e4ln(x+2)
ePdx=eln(x+2)4
ePdx=(x+2)4
Thus,
yePdx=QePdxdx+C
y(x+2)4=6(x+2)2(x+2)4dx+c
y(x+2)4=6(x+2)2dx+c
y(x+2)4=6(x+2)33+c
y(x+2)4=2(x+2)3+c
Mulitply by (x + 2)-4
y=2(x+2)1+c(x+2)4 answer
y=x2y
dydx+2y=x linear in y
Hence,
P=2
Q=x
Integrating factor:
ePdx=e2dx
ePdx=e2x
Thus,
yePdx=QePdxdx+C
ye2x=xe2xdx+c
u=x, du=dx
dv=e2xdx, v=12e2x
ye2x=12xe2x12e2xdx+c
ye2x=12xe2x14e2x+14c
Multiply by 4e-2x
4y=2x1+ce2x answer
(y+1)dx+(4xy)dy=0
(y+1)dx(y+1)dy+(4xy)dy(y+1)dy=0
dxdy+4xyy+1=0
dxdy+4xy+1yy+1=0
dxdy+(4y+1)x=yy+1
linear in x
Hence,
P=4y+1P=4y+1
Q=yy+1Q=yy+1
Integrating factor:
ePdy=e4y+1dy
ePdy=e4dyy+1
ePdy=e4ln(y+1)
ePdy=eln(y+1)4
ePdy=(y+1)4
Thus,
xePdy=QePdydy+C
x(y+1)4=(yy+1)(y+1)4dy+c
x(y+1)4=y(y+1)3dy+c
u=yu=y, du=dydu=dy
dv=(y+1)3dy, v=14(y+1)4
x(y+1)4=14y(y+1)414(y+1)4dy+c
x(y+1)4=14y(y+1)4120(y+1)5+120c
20x=5y(y+1)+c(y+1)4
20x=4y1+c(y+1)4 answer