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Quality Control Of Construction Testing Of

Concrete Cubes
Posted in Concrete Engineering, Project Reports, Research Papers | Email This Post |
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By Kaushal Kishore
Materials Engineer, Roorkee

The acceptance criteria of quality of concrete is laid down in IS:456-2000. The criteria is
mandatory and various provisions of the code have to be complied before the quality of concrete is
accepted. In all the cases, the 28-days compressive strength shall alone be the criterion for
acceptance or rejection of the concrete. In order to get a relatively quicker idea of the quality of
concrete, optional test for 7 days compressive strength of concrete be carried out.

6 Cubes of 150 x 150 x 150 mm size (the nominal size of aggregate does not exceed 38 mm) shall
be cast, 3 for 7-days testing and 3 for 28-days testing. A set of
3 cubes (specimen) average strength will be a sample. The individual variation of a set of 3 cubes
should not be more than 15% of the average. If more, the test result of the sample is invalid.

Note:- For aggregates larger than 38 mm, bigger than 150 mm moulds are to be used. See
IS:10086-1982

CUBE MOULD:
The cube moulds of required size (150 mm for nominal size of aggregate not exceeding 38 mm)
shall be made in such a manner as to facilitate their separation into two parts. Cube moulds shall be
provided with a base plate and they shall be as per IS:10086-1982. The dimensions, tolerance and
materials of cube moulds shall be as given in table-1.

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Table-1: Dimension, tolerance and materials of 150 mm cube mould.

S.No. Description Requirements

Distance between opposite faces, mm

1 150 0.2

Height of mould, mm
2 150 0.2

Thickness of wall plate, mm

3 8

Angle between adjacent interior faces and between interior

4 faces and top and bottom plates of mould. 90 0.50

Length of base plate, mm

5 280

Width of base plate, mm

6 215

Thickness of base plate, mm

7 8

Permissible variation in the planeness of interior faces:

8 0.03
for new moulds, mm
0.05
for moulds in use, mm
 Permissible variation in the planeness of base plate, mm
9 0.03

materials
10 a) Side plate Cast iron
b) Base plate
Cast iron

TAMPING ROD
As per IS:10086-1982, the tamping rod shall be 160.5 mm dia and 6002 mm long with a
rounded working end and shall be made of mild steel.

COMPRESSION TESTING MACHINE:

The compression testing machine shall be as per IS:14858-2000. The machine shall be capable of
applying the load at the specified rate, uniformly without shock using manual or automatic control.
The percentage of error shall not exceed 1.0 percent of the indicated load.

On regular basis the machine should be calibrated with in a period not exceeding 12 months from
previous verification. The machine is required to be calibrated on original installation or relocation,
subject to major repairs or adjustment and whenever there is reason to doubt the accuracy of the
results, without regard to the time interval since the last verification.

The accuracy of the testing machine shall be verified by applying five test loads in four
approximately equal increaments in ascending order. The difference between any two successive
loads shall not exceed one third of the difference between the maximum and minimum test loads.
The load as indicated by the testing machine and the applied load computed from the readings of
the verification devices shall be recorded at each test point. Calculate the error, E, and the
percentage of error, EP for each point from these data as follows:
E=AB
Ep=[E/B]x100

A = load in N indicated by the machine being verified and

B = applied load in N as determined by the calibrating device
(such as proving ring, load cell, calibrating cylinder etc.)

For checking further accuracy of testing machine concrete cubes of the same grade, batch, age in
SSD condition should be tested on the machine being checked and on a already calibrated standard
compression testing machine and find the difference. Proper and regular calibration of testing
machines is essential.

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SAMPLE OF CONCRETE
Sample of concrete for test specimen shall be taken at the mixer or in the case of ready mixed
concrete from the transportation vehicle discharge. Such samples shall be obtained by repeatedly
passing a scoop or pail through the discharge stream of the concrete. The samples thus obtained
shall be mixed on a non-absorbent base with shovel until it is uniform in appearance.

Sampling should be spread over the entire period of concreting and the frequency of sampling of
concrete of each grade shall be as following:

Quantity of concrete in the work (m3) Number of samples

1-5 1

6-15 2

16-30 3

31-50 4

51 and above 4 plus one additional sample for each

additional 50 m3 or part thereof.

Note:- Frequency of sampling may be agreed upon internally by supplier and purchaser.
CASTING OF CUBES:
The cube mould plates should be removed, properly cleaned assembled and all the bolts should be
fully tight. A thin layer of oil then shall be applied on all the faces of the mould. It is important that
cube side faces must be parallel.

After taking concrete samples and mixing them, the cubes shall be cast as soon as possible. The
concrete sample shall be filled into the cube moulds in layers approximately 5 cm deep. In placing
each scoopful of concrete, the scoop shall be moved around the top edge of the mould as the
concrete slides from it, in order to ensure a symmetrical distribution of the concrete with in the
mould. Each layer shall be compacted either by hand or by the vibration as described below.

COMPACTION BY HAND:
Each layer of the concrete filled in the mould shall be compacted by not less than 35 strokes by
tamping bar. The strokes shall be penetrate into the underlying layer and the bottom layer shall be
rodded throught its depth. Where voids are left by the tamping bar the sides of the mould shall be
tapped to close the voids.

COMPACTION BY VIBRATION:
When compacting by vibration each layer shall be vibrated by means of an electric or pneumatic
hammer or vibrator or by means of a suitable vibrating table until the specified condition is
attained.

CURING :
The casted cubes shall be stored under shed at a place free from the vibration at a temperature
220C to 330C for 24 hours covered with wet straw or gunny sacking.

The cube shall be removed from the moulds at the end of 24 hours and immersed in clean water at
a temperature 240C to 300C till the 7 or 28-days age of testing. The cubes shall be tested in the
saturated and surface dry condition.

For the true representation of actual strength of concrete in the structure, extra cubes shall be cast,
stored and curded as per the identical conditions of that structure, and tested at required age.

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TESTING OF CONCRETE CUBES:
The dimensions of the specimens to the nearest 0.2 mm and their weight shall be noted before
testing. The bearing surfaces of the testing machine shall be wiped clean and any loose sand or
other materials removed from the surface of the specimen which are to be in contact with the
compression platens. The cube shall be placed in the machine in such a manner that the load shall
be applied to opposite sides of the cubes as cast that is not to the top and bottom. The axis of the
specimen shall be carefully aligned with the centre of the thrust of the spherically seated platen. No
packing shall be used between the faces of the test specimen and the steel platen of the testing
machine. As the spherically seated block is brought to bear on the specimen, the movable portion
shall be rotated gently by hand so that uniform seating may be obtained. The load shall be applied
without shock and increased continuously at a rate of approximately 140 kg/sq cm/min until the
resistance of the specimen to the increasing load breaks down and no greater load can be sustained.
The maximum load applied to the specimen shall then be recorded and the appearance of the
concrete and any unusual features in the type of failure shall be noted, see fig-1and fig-2. The
compressive strength of concrete shall be calculated from: Maximum load/Cross-Sectional area of
cube To be reported to the nearest 0.5N/mm 2

ACCEPTANCE:
For the acceptance, both the conditions should be met with:
a) The mean strength determined from any group of four-non overlapping consecutive test results
should comply with the appropriate limits as given in table-2

b) Any individual test result complies with in the appropriate limit as given in table-2

Table-2 : Characteristic Compressive Strength Compliance Requirement:

Specified grade Mean of the group of 4 non-overlapping Individual test results in

consecutive test results in N/mm2 N/mm2
 M-15 >= fck + 0.825 x established standard >=fck 3 N/mm2
deviation

(rounded off to nearest 0.5 N/mm2)

or

fck + 3 N/mm2

whichever is greater

M-20 or above >= fck + 0.825 x established standard >= fck 4 N/mm2
deviation

(rounded off to nearest 0.5 N/mm2)

or

fck + 4 N/mm2

whichever is greater

Note: In absence of established standard deviation, the values given in Table-8 of IS:456-2000 may
be assumed.

INTERPRETATIONS-EXAMPLE FOR M-25 GRADE OF CONCRETE

For a pour of 31-50 m3 4 samples (each sample having 3 cubes) are mandatory.
1. The average value of set of three cubes (one sample) should have strength with in the limits of
15% of the average value. Otherwise the result of that sample will be invalid.

2. The mean value of 4 samples (4 average values obtained from each sample of 3 cubes) should
meet the criteria as given in table-2. For M-25 grade of concrete the mean value of these 4 samples
should not be less than either 29 N/mm2 or 25 N/mm2 plus 0.825 times the standard deviation
whichever is the greater.

3. Any individual test result of a cube out of the above should not have value less than 21 N/mm3.

In case of doubt regarding the grade of concrete used either due to poor workmanship or based on
results of cube strength test further tests should be conducted such as non-destructive test by
Concrete Test Hammer, Ultrasonic Concrete Tester etc. Partial destructive test by drilling cores and
testing them in compression. In no case fewer than three cores be tested. The final test include the
load testing on structure.

DURABILITY OF CONCRETE:
Cube testing alone is not the criteria for the durability of concrete structure. A durable concrete is
one that perform satisfactorily in the working environment during its anticipated exposure
conditions during service. The materials and mix proportions specified and used should be such as
to maintain its integrity and if applicable, to protect embedded metal from corrosion.

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It is essential that every concrete structure should continue to perform its intended functions, that is
maintained its required strength and serviceability, during the specified or traditionally expected
service life. It follows that concrete must be able to withstand the processes of deterioration to
which it can be expected to be exposed. Such concrete is said to be durable.

Both strength and durability have to be considered explicitly at the design stage. The emphasis is
on the word both because it would be a mistake to replace overemphasis on strength by
overemphasis on durability.

REFERENCES:

IS:456-2000 : Plain and Reinforced Concrete Code of

1 Practice. BIS, New Delhi

IS:10086-1982 : Specification for Moulds for use in Testing of

2 Cement and Concrete, BIS, New Delhi

IS:14858-2000 : Compression Testing Machine used for testing

3 of Concrete and Mortar Requirements, BIS, New
Delhi.
IS:516-1959 : Method of Tests for Strength of Concrete, BIS,
4 New Delhi.
5 kishore kaushal : Concrete cube testing is performance assured
Civil Engineering and Construction Review,
New Delhi, January, 1990, PP:23-24
kishore kaushal : Corrosion Damaged Concrete Civil
6 Engineering and Construction Review, New
Delhi, January, 1991, PP:27-31
kishore kaushal : Durability and Corrosion of Steel in concrete.
7 The Institution of Engineers (India) All India
Seminar on Durability of Concrete and Cement
Products, Nagpur, 22-23 Sept, 1990
kishore kaushal : Durability of Concrete Indian Concrete
8 Institute Bulletin No. 54, Jan-Mar, 1996,
PP: 11-13
kishore kaushal : Concrete Cube Testing Civil Engineering and
9 Construction April, 1995, PP:33

kishore kaushal : Concrete Cube Testing Bulletin of Indian

10 Concrete Institute No. 51, April-June, 1995

kishore kaushal : 28-days Strength of Concrete in 15 Minutes

11 Civil Engineering and Construction, August,
1992, PP: 38-41
kishore kaushal : Non-Destructive Testing of Concrete Builders
12 Friend, Lucknow, Feb, 1992, PP: 3-4
We at engineeringcivil.com are thankful to Sir Kaushal Kishore for submitting this research paper
and helping all civil engineers understand the Quality Control Of Construction Testing Of
Concrete Cubes.

zaogm.ru
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Comments

sahaya suresh raj February 3, 2014 at 12:47 am

how to find m30 design mix compression strength of concrete cube for 3,7,21,28 days.

Reply Link Quote

Hussein Kabir August 29, 2014 at 2:13 pm

That was great

Thanks

Reply Link Quote

MANOJ ATHANKAR December 25, 2014 at 10:54 pm

HOW MANY TEST OF CONCRETE ROAD AS PER FREQUANCY

Reply Link Quote

Abu Noman December 3, 2015 at 10:47 am
No question..clears

Reply Link Quote

Devendra jatav December 20, 2016 at 1:31 am

plz send me % of days in cube strength

example 7 days .. 70 to 75%

Reply Link Quote

Amit Kaushik May 2, 2017 at 6:42 am

1 Days = 16%
3 Days = 40%
7 Days = 65%
14 Days = 90%
28 Days = +100%

Reply Link Quote

c P manahare January 14, 2017 at 5:13 am

Cube mould test results percentage of 24 hour, 48 hours, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and
28 days pdf chart required.

Reply Link Quote

A K Suri January 25, 2017 at 7:02 am

Pl tell me the the Ist. day for testing the cube will be from the day of collecting the
sample/specimen in mould or from the day of removing the specimen from the mould.

Reply Link Quote

venkat June 8, 2017 at 6:51 am

casting of concreting only

Reply Link Quote

Praveenraj January 28, 2017 at 12:53 am

Is GGBS alone can be used instead of cement in casting cubes.?

Reply Link Quote

kundan February 2, 2017 at 9:56 am

Give all the grade ratio test above M50

Reply Link Quote

Mohammed Khlil March 3, 2017 at 1:13 pm

For the sampling , for 50 m we make 4 cubes . this 4 cubes are made from one mixer or one
 cube from each mixer

thank you

Reply Link Quote

Paul Perona April 24, 2017 at 8:52 am

Hello!

I would like to know which reference you get the statement of filling cube samples in 3
layers. Thank you!

Reply Link Quote

Dipak May 17, 2017 at 7:28 am

Sir plz tell me that tolorence weighted of cube mass minimum and maximum
With proof

Reply Link Quote

pavithra May 30, 2017 at 2:08 am

Sir please tell me that cube testing date

Casting date is 24.05.17 & how to calculate 7 days testing date

Reply Link Quote

puneet sharma June 8, 2017 at 9:00 am

tell me size of electric vibrat hammer for dlc cube cast

Reply Link Quote

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