REFERENCE PAGES ALGEBRA ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS alb + 0) = ab + ac eee torey ()-+ rhe gi atm f= (9° FACTORING SPECIAL POLYNOMIALS Boys te-») at + yh (et yl? — ay + y*) y= (c= wee tay ty) BINOMIAL THEOREM (tyler taney (e+ Pax + dry + dy ty? Gxty + 3) (e- ya? = day ty (x-yoe (et ypeatt nts + w+ (theses sna yt wee (() QUADRATIC FORMULA -bs Vee Has? + be + ¢= 0, then x= "= 3% INEQUALITIES AND ABSOLUTE VALUE. Ma < band b <,thena 0, then ca < cb. Ma < bande <0, then ca > eb. a> 0, then |s|=a means x= a or x=~a |x| a means x>a or x<—a GEOMETRY (GEOMETRIC FORMULAS Formulas for area A, circumference C, and volume V: ‘Triangle Circle Sector of Circle A= lbh Asa Aqire = hab sin @ C= 2ar r0(0iin radians) ZN Sphere Cylinder Cone Veter ah va \arh An 4ar An aPFR h DISTANCE AND MIDPOINT FORMULAS Distance between Py (ayy) ane Pax, 9) + d= Va TOF wT (2288 2-0 son oF (42,2) LINES. ‘Slope of line through Py(x, 3) and Ps.) pom Point-slope equation of line through P(x.) with slope m: yo ym(s— x) Slope-intercept equation of line with slope m and y-interceptb: yomrtd CIRCLES, Equation of the circle with center (fh, &) and rads (eeREFERENCE PAGES TRIGONOMETRY ANGLE MEASUREMENT ‘radians ~ 180° . v= Bnd soo (Gn radians) RIGHT ANGLE TRIGONOMETRY sin 9 = 222 exc = SE me ‘i on ” cos 9 = sec = UP typ aj rr) = oe = tan = ° TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS ane ewok 7 5 ownZ sont ume-2 oot * > TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS OF IMPORTANT ANGLES © radians sin cos 8 ano ° 0 0 1 0 30° 7/6 \2 3/2 v3/3 45° a4 v3/2 v3/2 1 60° #/3 v3/2 v2 3 90" wf2 1 0 - FUNDAMENTAL IDENTITIES ‘THE LAW OF SINES 2 sind _ sinB _ sinc e a be ‘THE LAW OF COSINES a= BP +e ~ Bbecosa Bima? +e? ~ Dacor B 2 +b = 2abeos C ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION FORMULAS sin(x + y) = sinx cos y + cos x sin y sin(x ~ y) = sin cosy ~ cos x siny ‘ost + y) = eos. eos y ~ sin x sin y cos(x ~ y) = cos.x cosy + sin siny tan(e + 9) = DOUBLE-ANGLE FORMULAS sin2x = 2sinx cos 608 2x = cos? ~ sin?e waeREFERENCE PAGES SPECIAL FUNCTIONS POWER FUNCTIONS f(x) = x* () fla) =x4.m a positive imeger (i) f(a) = x1" = fe, positive integer ay) cn Siy= vx foy= de Gi) feyetat INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 2 ansins sink y > siny=x and —Zey cosy=x and O gar Inx=logex, where Ine=1 Inxay > eax Cancellation Equations logefa*) = x a 1 In(et) =x 2 3 Laws of Logarithms REFERENCE PAGES loga(xy) = logax + log.y meee lime=0 lim e* = = eee Jim inx=-% liming = = y ye logs veins 1 ya logs Y= lo Exponemial functions Logs fnetions MYPEREOUC FINCTIONS / : 7 or a cosh x= echo tanh x = 2h coth x = SOShE ‘coshix ‘sin x INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS | ymaatrie > eahyes yee omy and 920 yotanh" <=> tanhy =x sink = In(x + VT) cosh-'e = In(x + Va7=T) ) l+x Ix. wae soinl naeREFERENCE PAGES DIFFERENTIATION RULES GENERAL FORMULAS 4@n0 4 tole ee 2. Gol = f(x) 4 3. Gye + Aa) =F'@) + 9) 4 ttn = @)] =f") - go) 4 £0) ] _ oof ~ fle eae a [43] Tap (Guetem Rule) 4 (reaga = aioe) + oF) Product Rae) 1. Z flgo) = Faa)9'e) (Crain Rule 8. (= ne" Power Rule) EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS diet mer teayeaa 9. ene 10. 3 (a") = "Ina d 1 d 1 Wg lalsl = 12, Flos.) = ‘TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 4 a a A 13.£ Gin.) = cos 14, (cos) = ~sin 18, (ana) = see's a 4 eye a . 16.5 (ese) = ~cse x cotx 17, (ees) = seox tan x 218. 2 (cots) = ~ese'x INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS tints) = ol 4 (osx) = - eh 4 any = 19.52 (sin"'s) = os 20, J (60s) = Fe 2. Fan's) = 4 ey=-— 2 4 beers) = ery 2 ese 'x) Beet 23. ae ) Wear 24, ag Ot 'x) Ts HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS a 4 a : 25. (anh) = cosh 26, 4 (oan) = si 27. 4 ans) = eis 28.4 (esehs) = ~eseh x oth x 29. 4 (ech x) = ~sech x tanh x0. 4 os » oe x) -sech x tanh x . ay (eoth x) = —esch’x INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 4 Gm én et 4 comm! 34 Gant’ = 1, Lotro 33, 4 ant = 34.4 (eset) = 35. 4 (ech) = -— 36. 4 (cory = dx |alver +0 de avi- de Tax? asREFERENCE PAGES TABLE OF INTEGRALS BASIC FORMS 1. ude ue fede [ocucanar= cou +c ee 12 Jenna ~tleca| + net 2. [urdu 2. [#=miui+e 12, J cotudy =n sinu| +c 14, [secu da = In |seou + tn] +c 4 femn=ere = 15, [ escudu = In eseu ~ cotul + ¢ s fea ve abo 6 fsinuda~ cosa +c 1. footnda sna ec 8. fecede une vc © 9 fesciudu = cotu + Jrecu nuts =seeu +e FORMS INVOLVING Va? Fu, a >0 4 aie + Liu + Var) +c 1. | Marre de af ata du = Xa? + 202) Jae ~ Eile + VFA) + +vere a, (ee du = Jatt — all 1 [Ea +c = + Inu + Va? Fu) + C as. | tiny + aT) +C Vere 26. j ee! Tre ~ Lobe + Jae) + Var 2 Vere +a 1 -@ 3 [Va Bau = Le = aaa + Sie { (a? =u) du = “20? — 5a) JaP a + 3 37. | (a! — wd = ~ 5 Qu? ~ 50°) Va =e + FORMS INVOLVING Vu v9. [Pan Se z infu t Vata] +e 40. fea du = Beau = 0 THE ~ Sn ju + Vera] +e a7REFERENCE PAGES TABLE OF INTEGRALS FORMS INVOLVING @ + but udu (a+ bu ain|a+ bu afte - Fle + bu ana + bul) +E wdu 1 . : 48, | Eli + bul ~ dla + bu) + 2a? fa bul] + C aut «aims a+ bu du abu * | aati w (te su. [ney telat lec 1 a J wa + bu? ala + bu) w du it (erm ~ ane + ul) +6 4. [uaF da = <2 Gu 2a\a + bu + € ade 55 ft Sw anvarwe du a a iva Er a + 3050 ~ dabu) Vara + € 1 | verb - Val wee E+ tame la + bu +C, ifa 0 M3, [ aaa du = 458 ae a + Fcos-( a a tay, fig = EE amas + a tno, [—__ aman wTiau =a au