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Energy Pyramids
Only about
Few Carnivores
10% of energy
passed on
between
trophic levels
More Herbivores
Most is lost
through the All supported
organisms by energy
living from
processes producers
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Food
Type Use
Carbohydrate Long term energy
Fat Protecting organs and
Protein long term energy store
Sugars Making muscle, enzymes,
skin, hair
Fast energy
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Answers
Green: Oesophagus
Red: Stomach
Pink: Small Intestine
Brown: Large Intestine
Purple: Liver
Green: Gall Bladder
Yellow: Pancreas
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Dr. Alzoghaibi
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Mouth
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Liver
Large Intestine
Gall Bladder
Pancreas
Rectum
Anus
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Digestive System
Organization
Gastrointestinal (Gl) tract
(Alimentary canal)
Tube within a tube
Direct link/path between organs
Structures
Mouth
Oral Cavity
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Duedenum
Jejenum
Ileum
Cecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon 8
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Mouth
Teeth
(mechanical breakdown)
Incisors used for cutting
Canines used for
stabbing and holding
Molars large surface
area used for grinding
Saliva
(chemical breakdown)
Enzyme (speeds up
reactions in the body)
Breaks down
carbohydrate
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Oesophagus
Approximately 25cm
long
Moves food from the
throat to the stomach
Muscle movement
called peristalsis
If acid from the
stomach gets in here
thats heartburn.
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Stomach Regions
Esophageal
Non-glandular
Cardiac
Secretes mucus
Fundic
Parietal cells
Chief cells
Pyloric
Mucus
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Stomach
A stretchy bag that holds
your food after you eat/
Stores the food you eat
Helps to break food into
smaller pieces so your
body can use it for energy
and nutrition
Mixes food with digestive
juices
Acid in the stomach kills
bacteria
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Small Intestine
Small intestines are roughly
6 metres long.
Enzymes and bile are added.
Villi increase the surface
area to help absorbtion.
Nutrients from the food pass
into the bloodstream through
the small intestine walls.
Food stays in your small
intestine for 4 to 8 hours
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Small Intestine
Large Intestine
About 1.5 metres long
Accepts what small intestines
dont absorb.
Absorbs water and minerals
from the waste matter.
Absorption means taking into
the body via the blood stream.
Waste stays for 10 to 12 hours
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Gall Bladder
Storage tank for bile (a
greenish-yellow liquid)
that helps your body
break down and use fats
Stores bile from the liver
Delivers bile when food is
digested
Fatty diets can cause
gallstones
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Liver
Directly affects digestion
by producing bile
Bile is an enzyme that
helps dissolve fat
Factory for antibodies
and bile/ Is often called
the bodys energy factory
Stores vitamins and
sugars until your body
needs them
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Pancreas
Produces compounds
to digest fats and
proteins
Neutralizes acids that
enter small intestine
Regulates blood
sugar by producing
insulin
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GI PROCESSES
Phases
Ingestion
Movement
Digestion
Absorption
Further digestion
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Overview of
GI Processes
Food
Digestion
Secretion
Absorption Motility
Blood Vessels
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GI organization
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Gastric Phase
Intestinal Phase
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Peptides
Fats
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Peristaltic
moves food forward
Segmental
mixing
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Nerve Regulators
Two types of nerves help control the action of the
digestive system.
Extrinsic, or outside, nerves come to the
digestive organs from the brain or the spinal
cord. They release two chemicals,
acetylcholine and adrenaline
The intrinsic, or inside, nerves make up a very dense
network embedded in the walls of the esophagus,
stomach, small intestin, and colon. The intrinsic nerves
are triggered to act when the walls of the hollow organs
are stretched by food. They release many different
substances that speed up or delay the movement of food
and the production of juices by the digestive organs.
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Stomach
Pepsinogen
Brush Border (SI)
Chymosin (rennin)
Sucrase
Pancreas Maltase
Trypsinogen
Lactase
Chymotrypsinogen
Aminopeptidase
Procarboxypeptidase
Dipeptidase
Amylase
Enterokinase
Lipase
Nuclease