ne CALE, GRAMMAR PRACTICE REVISED AND UPDATED iy LONGMANFocus on Advanced English C.A.E. VIG Cela} RICHARD WALTON Focus on Advanced English Grammar Practice provides additional practice to support the main grammar and vocabulary areas found in each of the 14 units of Focus on Advanced English, Focus on Advanced English Grammar Practice can also be used as a free- standing Workbook for students who wish to prepare for the Certificate in Advanced English examination This new edition reflects the changes to the new edition of Focus on Advanced English Students’ Book and to the modified Certificate in Advanced English examination. Focus on Advanced English Grammar Practice also contains: * study tips to help with common grammatical problems * space for written answers * four Progress Tests a pullout Answer Key and tapescripts Focus on Advanced English C.A.E. revised edition Grammar Practice 0-582-32571-4 Students’ Book 0-582-32569:2 Class cassettes (set of two) 0-582-32572-2 Teacher's Book 0-582-325706 Practice Tests with Guidance 0-582-38257-2 with key edition 0-582-38258-0 Practice Tests Cassettes (set of two) 0-582-38259:9 Fy LONGMANIIE IUCO Oui ON ACGIC RCYGT A: (CIs) NOWUTVAA CUV HOT | yoaLonaig NYWONOT 3 qdalvddN GNV G3siAada iy D Yst[suy pooueapy »NO snov04iq | | omEdinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England © Richard Walton 1994, 1999 ‘The right of Richarel Walton to be identified as author of this Work has been asserted by hima in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, Allights reserved no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, oF ‘transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanicel, photocopying, recording, or ‘otherwise without the prior written permission ofthe Publishers. First published by Thomas Nelson and Sons L1d 1994 ‘This edition published by Pearson Education L1d, 1999 ISBN 0 582 32571 4 Setin 1135 Printed in Spain by Graficas Estella Author's acknowledgement ie Many thanks to Sue O'Connell for keeping the book ‘focused’ and staying positive: and to Roberta for putting up with ital, et | would also like to thank the students ancl staff of St Clare's, Oxford for their help in piloting the ‘material and for theit support ‘The publishers are grateful tothe following for permission to reproduce copyright material Philp Allan Publishers Ltd for an adapted extract from ‘Special Agents by Andrew Jones, SOCIOLOGY REVIEW vel. 7 No 1, September 1977 and an extract fiom “Thinking about family Iie by David Morgan in SOCIOLOGY REVIEW vol. 7 No 4, 1998; Briish Airways for an extract fiom an article by David Hewson in BRITISH AIRWAYS BUSINESS LIFE July/Angust 1998; BBC WILDLIFE MAGAZINE on behalf of the authors, for extract from Mystery ofthe dying frogs bby Tim Halliday & ‘Small is beautify Jonathan Porritt in BBC WILDLIFE MAGAZINE. ‘October 1997 p29 & pp2l-22; Brockman Inc. on behalf of the author, for an extact from THE RISE AND FALL OF THE THIRD CHIMPANZEE by lated Diamond Guardian Newspapers Ltd fora lightly adapted extract from ‘Office Politics’ by Guy Browning in THE GUARDIAN WEEKEND 6.6.98; Guild of Master Crafisman Publications Ltd for and advertisement for a desk editor in THE INDEPENDENT 13.10.93; Fenguin Books Ltd for an adapted extract from LETTER READER, FASTER READER by Manga and Erie De Leeuw (Felican Original) Copyr © Manya and Erie De Leeuw, 1965. ‘ . We have been unable to trace the copyright holder of the letter ‘Pik Strawberry Fields for the heritage beat’ from Mr Gerald Murphy to THE INDEPENDENT and would appreciate any information which would enable us to do so. lustrations by Nigel Paige, Anne Burchell Designed by Annette Peppis Project Managed by Dave Francisoog sauapmis = as % Jay iomsuy 7 ano 3821 $8040.44 sus Sur suoneujuress pue Susxpms —poyppIoM, vuodoy|— Suny, Sos] JO M212 soso, ‘oF ynoypis a0 ype aang ‘siusoySay- aang so Ba-~ suey Se ‘soins sneyduia Sosne axdpaed ssioyuy assed ‘saga yepowysepour ssqion sage soanponatsfyeuorptio9| ‘uu pe suo} aio, = saam>n.Ns ronpevuis pue pomeuuess jo soy, 7 sou 3upsaL y1 wong pion, spuaigpn anes) — Suny toqssou0> jo uous ‘sop! put oye suonesoyo9 — sys Saeu0n Sp sei) HpEna pr0y4— Axeinqeo0y rts ety 40 3809838, tevoxday pe anaau nao —sunoodg Apog pur pun £1 a1 —a204pp 1094 op jenn apniy Sunny swoqsodand uapuocy ‘juompue> pox pur ie puz st 3¢ uormpue~ sean po S98101 5 Suan wotayyp unpnns pu a, ~ 54198 eed ‘sinpnais snd sauoyps pa 01189011) St AjsnosaBueg Surary Z] sadusuone pl —9p94pp10y4 Uwomruo} prey >20p yeanisnns Jpous woneunoyuy = Bameany ‘uonsodard auspuodg sqios sea aSjaunnoyouiyop qu stone30}199 1 Saoponponis pu soouayues yap ‘asim ue sui Sut- Jo woyA99)~ seu 7 YoIUp, 249 Jo 99895 OF a so ww ody — Bunt, syeuompuos posses pur ¢ aK wvoneounuosd 00 ‘Suypadssonouoyel suusuone pur suiuouss ssoxyaud ~ sousoddo ~ sqpysAaeuon 1c, nou + axpoipe sqioape + qian tmn0U + qua ~suone>0110> suas yepony suoponporus saneRou s9ye uarsina 55 SAQUULYY ANOA PUI 6 e ~ om 3s01 ssouo1g See Ayqeuouod pus sezey9 — PHPpION sana euogut— Aug, yo Sono ‘su ot wey oasond ayn — sea) San sed soanerediuon— "ay a Jovoeap yo eurolpepumodiuad, % — Bupjeadg Aypuosaog g 28Y — spoyppiayy, yop anos 2300 yu suoqsandeg ‘paeds por sons pte wonefuniond ‘sys Ysuonesu9p) Honea} poss ‘uone2oqo>stuoypy pu soydeaut saad JO su uoHeIOUL SPS AtewONDIC sq >yueukp ss anes snomujuos pur ajduts aoapad yorand aaj nara 0 aus ed stone 9y05 ~ P2410, sine sen to Sep yp] jeutlog — Buy, paca ary =ssons prog su 93023939 sq postage prost-so1g spros. 240 tush yuo sqans ose ~ Sq198 [ESE snonunuo> pue afluus Dopod wed ‘sionuuio aed sa alums we — seme ‘so2qamp antsyor) a Bumoseqoiy ¢ = UO 359 $s04304g Luonexeps pue sans spoy2pson sono) suopsodaid uous lwoneuaoy 124 ~Buupyng prog soupaipe Sus 'sunou Bia gonmuyuy 40 3uy- sur + suoxsunyues pur suogusodod ‘sug Sty. — uss, ayo pe asie> aw ss0nS sq199 jopow “sosuoy wosard stuypuo ayp soni sosney> ‘uu ming 9s Su 9 se — seu) “sro ow _ 31s pu soso —Aasageoog, on suaqey oul, soyneagy —9p94>pI09 sontsodaudl yuapuda¢y ay eavs9j10jsogssed nop Soman 128/a00y anestes pu soasse 30 no44>q —seumtUe2 ‘nyBia9q aue> wy, Sods song feuu04 ~ Bun, ston sods suonj}°) samy aseau0y suoudeiut He ops ag 4" ops = UE pu suoypysuones0 199 ~AarngE>09 u 90441959) S80d301g uep jo soByoyr 2 AOUILAM 240005 TZ onto a. —9Pa\pp!OM Bunun 9199 toti91109 40144 Jana tte — Aung, Sassy son20909 —9PHPPION, Sop anos, Sumpds urge} pion, un pur sodind 9ynsa1 pu asne> ~saoisap jesoy pu Barger yoianys “Aienayyo09 —StoyUeng) sunny op Bupsoud -shouvaut uosayp foamnns pu asuay~ sgn pees stuonrsodau yan sasne aurea Suomen ~ seme aan pH ‘99g 09 OdURYD 3SET || Isexnuo09“uoIss>1109 jppe ~ sooynap ye>t%oy pue Buryul ‘uostdoa jo 9228, soousyuas ayy appjdusaa ‘se se soanopodns pur sanezedior) ~ wostredwiry “yg putes yg ‘sayy ur yy 05m aes poonpox HuypUD auosayp sunouosd aanejpgl~sosnep anne st suaney odenBueq] 9 $}U9]U07) po] jeunoyuy Bunty, 240 pa snp ~ Saad da Hays no ue ~ squ98 ese, Tapio piogy — 9 fees gyainonye so ons pnp +2*1%9 seuorpue:) ~ eUUIe I) suonssodoud wopuadop Sasuoy:ypoods Jo sued ‘suonexsoagqy ~ syops eu xCT y PAH ANOA as || > | Dictionary skills 1.1 Abbrevi ions Give two examples for each of the following dictionary abbreviations. The first one has been done for you. PREP with, from ADV... SING... CON} PRON N [U] or UNCOUNT PL. AD). Vn PASS Beevausene Using a dictionary D> As an advanced learner, ou will find a good monolin- ‘ual dictionary an essential tool, Apart from spelling and ‘meanings, a dictionary can tell you: ~ part of speech ~ pronunciation ~ if you can recognise phonetic script = word stress ~ /r'tsin/ or /ritain/ = word formation = collocations ~ useful phrases the word is used in 1.2 Parts of speech Decide the grammatical function of the word fast in each of the sentences below. Use your dictionary to check your answers. 1 If you take the fast train, you should be there in under an hour. 2 Many religions require their followers to fast at certain times of the year. 3. The car got stuck fast in the wet sand so we just left it there. 4 When it started raining, we all ran inside as fast as we could. 5. Some prisoners began a fast to protest against the appalling conditions. 6 By the time I got home, the children were already fast asleep. Use Your Head 1.3 Tenses Complete the following sentences with the correct form. of the verbs in brackets. Then fill in the name of the tense you have used. See the example, 1 Dan hates doing the washing- up, (hate ~ present. simple) 2. Hi, Laura, Long time no see, How . ) 2 (go- 3. Sorry to keep you. How long 12 (ai 4. [sincerely hope they soso» the building work by the end of next month, (finish =) 5 What -coesennen YOU . between 5 and 6pm Fast Saturday? (do ~ asunsnn ) 6 Good news everybody! We .. to build a new gymnasium with the new government grant. (can ~ ) Julia ever .. her trip to India last year? (be ~ .. 8 Just think, this time next month I ten years! (work — ) 9 Does anyone want a sandwich? No thanks, just lunch, (have = 10 Where on earth sense YOU shoes? They're awful! (buy ~ snssnes ) 11 Thope I ‘on a sun-drenched beach in Italy this time tomorrow. (sit ~ 12 We rooonen through the forest for two or three hours when we realised we were lost! (walle ) seriously ill before ) here for «those 1.4 Dependent prepositions Complete the following sentences by putting the correct preposition in the space provided. The first one has been done for you. 1 Moral and social responsibility should be integrated into every child’s schooling. 2 It’s impossible to attend you're worrying, 3 Kelly has great confidence . abilities 4 It’s.a good idea to make notes reading if you want to remember it 5. 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Phrasal verbs 3.1 Word order In some, but not all, of the sentences below the word order of the phrasal verbs and objects is wrong. Make any corrections that you think are necessary. See the example 1 if there are any words you don’t understand, look VupGhem)in your dictionaries. 2 Quick, I haven't got a pen. Can you jot Jack’s phone number down for me? 3 You don’t have to give me an answer right avvay. ‘Think over it and let me know tomorrow. 4 ‘Are you going to the party next Friday” “Yes, I'm really looking forward to it? 5. Could you look this article through and tell me what you think of i? 6 ‘Idon't think we'll be able to play the match in all this rain? ‘No, let’s put off it until tomorrow? 7 ‘Mrs McCarthy, I've got your husband on the line? ‘OK. Put him through? 8 It was such a good book I just couldn't put down it, 9 Harcy’s family always b stood by him throughout the murder trial 10 ‘I see you're still smoking, Chris? “Yes, but P'm really trying to give up it jeved in his innocence and 3.2 Can you split it up? P Focus on Grammar, SB page 19 In the following sentences add a particle to complete the phrasal verb and an appropriate object pronoun (it, me, them, etc) in the CORRECT place ~ either before or after the particle. See the example provided. 1 OK, you read out the phone numbers and I'll jot ‘them down, 2 Where's the remote control? I don’t know, I was just looking, 3. That cheese in the fridge had gone off so I threw 4. He doesn't look like his father much but he taks in the way he behaves. 5. Their company has gone bankrupt and they only set wo years ago! 6 Look, don't keep complaining to me about it If your steak is underdone, send pastel 7. ‘Did you believe that story about a long. ost brother? ‘No, not a word of it. 'm sure she was making 8 ‘What did little Patrick think of his frst v swimming pool?” “Oh, he took to water!” 9 You don’t have to give me an answer right now Think. . fora while 10 The form was so complicated that she had to ask her ; .- for her: algebra problem to solve before ng and I just can’t work tothe like a duck accountant to fill 11 Pve been given th tomorrow morn 12 His wife left him for another man and he’s never lly got don't understand this word and D've just looked .. «in the dictionary! 14 As they dct have anywhere to stay, we put . for the night. ted in the heat and we had to bring with smelling salts,caeqig ut siocvey pred Aqu8iy Jott atp Jo 2u0 auH9299 01 Ho ti9H ays tpunoA* req uw eno aume> ays YsMOYNY HL esa puoy doxp ‘potuzest aq ing “uEsnLIsI POO8 LIA ESAT CL “sgsrasip snourea woyy HuLsayyns Ayweapp 2196 uoupyiyp atp jo AUB ZL uv 9g pinion rsauae sty yo sau agp Aq pastadans 210% 998 408 OL, TT -souoy q 01 ‘aus B se ay suyya faatinadar dias sBvos sty Puy TOT AL Jo ino Su1Z00 poowq, fos eu WOW PUEIS 1,Ue> | 6 ‘ewe a Surmortp 40 shep 2284) roy 4 Sue> J01p19 dn puis am pue Yoo 1 ypNtU WOK scene | eased Surredord ye ssojedoy w,1 8 quasaud yer ane MH “SOILEY suiods wou ayy ayourond 0} BuyAan st Y>UNOD HHL juepunpas apeut 2 F a2yjO YL 9 snot] UE MOE PLL PED up st soynUtU GH UIT ‘este YSN { SEAN I] tue soypea st jourus> snowweqpg sty BuyeD F [5M ata “yg. v seas £qeq a4, € jauns yeqp ur anis0qzeq, iq e a4,n0K suNK NOK ILO. 7 ‘pasodxaion0 ton sojouyd Aur ype pure 1YBH] YN O07 AB SEM DOU, T pue~ Aq seq ye vey 107 aavy 144 ajdood autos os a ay aun ay Jo tuo and says nq quaig we“ va0y” -papyaoid aydurexa axp 995 “1°p Woy sps0s. up Jo Ate Buisn saouanuas asoup aroqdwuio> MON Zp D1 even ausodd anydesSojoyd Jo 2201d v oF 1984] aH] 0071 2A13 ZL (ys zo auoattros ye yodur ‘ayppys soy areppardde on Ye} LL ((pe) sey wosiad aferaav aqp ye4p santumoddo pur sojssassod ‘uonvanpa Mauiott 34 BUR] OF (4) Sunpatuos yo ast apn 003 2126 (épe) quoao uv 405 ysnous enqe you axe ey) SoMPopp Busway ({pe) ySnous 8u0] 10} payooo rou (pe) 10% Jo unoue ayp 109 ajdood ay O01 Busey, (a) Suuqpatuos 4107 dotiows apt] 001 98104] ((pe) poy Jo ype] 01 anp AxpyeoyutN puP wos (a) Ajatenbape 20 Ayjny eapt ue ssordsa ou. (a) Sumpauos so Aynouytp Jo 921s soo ean aif] puerssapun 40 ssanB OF [EJ Z (dpe) yeui0U 10 aResoxe UE aD|PELUS 1 Jeusagy 20 aan ene -popraaid ajduuexs ayp ye yoo ‘seusoddo soup pue sspun ‘yr Suquutog spios Ess sojaq saves aU UE TL 1p 07 a8ed gs ‘uoHeUtsoy PA 49AO PUR JaPUN — SEXYId py CyP+ usvou nero 5 Writing — Informal letter i ut and style. One has been In following letter, there are 7 mistakes of | layon it an taaied you There are aso 7 missing phrases. Find the other 6 mistakes and complete the 7 missing phrases, Andy Kulbacher Y Bramiey Road(25) Burnville BY2 6BZ 23rd Oct, 20— Dear Friend, It was very hice to (1) time. (2).. own in your new job in Valencia and of life! As you know, ttn still working at the same language school as before although now fm in charge of marketing our cources in Europel So It's a lot more responsibility and lote of travelling. As ‘© happens, lm coming to Valencia next month and @) ~ favourl | desperately need the names, addresses and Phone numbers Of the directors of all the local Enalch language echoole and | can'e seem to get that aore of information in this country. 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(-unou) : (4 qua) aaraauos 9 (4 fpr) ~ (4 unow) payers (now) « (4 (pe) xajdutros._y (pe) (4 unou) aysuoq. € Cle) ararsuedsaun (4+ quo) puodsar (+ unow) Rouaioujo (pe) way 1 -papraoad sajdurexa ayp 29g “(-) oaneBou 40 (-+) aantsod, Aqjeonennutess st prom pasmbar ayy ayyoyas oy won avjnon aed Buyced “pra Suroj[o} a4p avepdutoy [+9 UOC} PUMA 9 ipaDe userountean 8 Error correction 8.1 Parts of speech Underline the unnecessary words in each of the following sentences and identify which part of speech it is. See the example given. 1 Remind me to telephone to my sister before the end of the day. preposition 2. We really need an information about flights to Skopje. 5 ‘The modern life is complicated enough without more rules and regulations. They hope to can arrive before the start of the conference Hadn't she been suggested creating two part-time jobs? If you don’t know the answer, why don't you ask to the teacher? Prague which is a city I've always wanted to visit. Paul was in the hospital for three months after the accident. The shark which pushed silently through the seaweed and attacked the unsuspecting swimmers, 10. There was an ominous silence as they entered into the room, cevaus 8.2 Error correction In most lines of the following text there is one unnecessary word. Itis either grammatically incorrect or it does not fit in with the sense of the text, For each numbered line, find the unnecessary word and then write it in the space provided. Some lines are correct. Indicate these with a tick (7). The first two lines have been done for you. Mapping the mind’s word processor An area is deep in the left frontal half of the brain used to process language has been pinpointed by a new brain-imager. Dr Julie Fiez, who first reported the work, believes brain-imagers will one day help to show that the causes of problems like dyslexia and determine strategies to overcome language in difficulties. “The new imaging technique shows that the parts of the brain which are ‘working hardet’ because of blood flow has increased. When some people being studied were asked to lft their left index finger when they have heard a specific tone, word, syllable or vowel. Others were asked only to listen without doing anything. ‘The brain's left frontal region was seen to be used only when subjects had to show they had heard of the specific sound, rather than just listened, Many regions are involved in listening but this one appears to be involved when parts of a sound have to be analysed to make up a decision, for instance how to correctly pronounce the words ‘lead! and ‘tears’ in the different contexts,D> 2 sommewearien 4 Prepositions Complete these sentences with a preposition and the appropriate form of a word taken from the box below. Sce the example. increase tears admission warn clear and-by action eeunt illusions fit 1 Dan's rather mean. He thinks a box of chocolates counts as a generous wedding present! 2 In rough weather the coast guard is, constant to respond quickly to signals from boats. 3. A local woman us : swimming in the bay. She said sharks had be there recently. 4 Most people regarded his refusal to answer the question as an .. his guilt, 5. The workers were rather cynical after the meeting, Most of them were .. 0 vs that the management would take their complaints seriously. 6 Before applying the solution, make sure the surface to be treated has been I loose rust and paint. 7 The police moved swiflly = to stop fighting between the rival groups of football fans. 8 There has been a dramatic E nber of cases of skin cancer due to the the m «lamage to the ozone layer. 9 twas such a sad film that we were all reduced at the end. . electric windows, a sun-roof and a catalytic converter as standard, wl “eh 5 Writing — Formal letter Fred Smith is writing a letter to Mr Clough, the Chairman of the town council in Loxley. The his letter is correct but the styl the letter in a more formal style and is far too formation informal. Rewrit include the phrases in the box below. | Lam writing to express my concern about 1 must insist that you [must urge you to 10 North Parade Dear Mr Clough Jesley; eh the state of the road out: fae é louse. It’s a real castor eee my gate. The poor old thing van ir the garage to pull her car out! 1 arms ete ce ecting the road just after th er got better, sa Ri Fe rem out it? T think you'd better send a @ Not only that, T think it would be a out a bit more quickly! Hoping to hear about this problem. 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Sorry P'm late but I kept being/getting lost on the 8 Sorry, but the council has turned down your way here planning permission, 5 I'matraid the meeting will have to beget postponed We regret to inform you that planning permissio until next week. 6 Apart from the terrible hotel and the dirty beach, my camcorder was/got stolen on the last day too! 9 You won't get any compensation if you post money 7 Have/Get your hair cut, you horrible little man! and it gets lost 8 I went to five different shops but I just couldn't No compensation hhavelget my watch repaired. 2 ate 9 We eventually managed to have/get the tent put up 10. They don't let kids in without a grown-up. just before it started snowing. Children ov maa 10. Don't worry, we'll soon have/get your car started 7.2 Passives for formal effect 8 Dependent prepositions Using the verbs in the box below, complete the sentences Complete the following sentences with the correct to make more formal equivalents of the sentences prepositi provided. An example is given, n. See the example given. ——_ —— 1 All new models have been fitted with a safety lock. address to payor accompany receive notify 2. You look really scruffy. Can't you tuck your shirt pay grant accompany require allow Hea trones pelea Poe 3. The main part of the house is very old. It dates 1 Ifyou break anything, you'll have to pay for it. E riots hair 400 year All breakages (Will) have to be pald for. 4 The sudden movement of the train threw me 2. You might have to show some sort of ID. balance and I fell head-first down the , Proof of identity may steps. sn sen : 5. Erica is an excellent colleague. She goes ... 3. You can't pay by cheque unless you've got a her job calmly and efficiently. guarantee card. 6 ‘The school ran ...ensee financial trouble when All cheques must .. ‘80% of the staff went on strike. 7 As soon as the President stepped out of the cary 4 You mustn't use a flash inside the cathedral. guards moved .. action to hold back the Flash photography .. = crowds. rm = i 8. The price of shares in the company went up 5. You should tell the manager if you've got anything to “over 50% when they announced the complain about. discovery of the new oilfield. All complaints. 9 We've decided to sWitch sonunumnn electricity = euler . solar power in an attempt to be more eco- 6 They'll tell you before the end of the month if you've friendly. got the job or not. 10. The over-use of fertilisers and pesticides is one of The successful applicant the greatest threats . wildlife today. 7 You've got to pay for everything within ten working days Full payment 4s! Dee auvannans a[niil[m], i le ° or r-] + 6 ly in je g oF a 1 a WT (c) mous pue wes yo sinister ZT (g) ‘sso1oe 6 Buons fypwonxe qua [eIMoUs AAvOET OT (5) ‘aupeaig j,ue9 nod asnes9q saIeM AVPUN IP QL ST 1 stop sapys wip MOUS Jo sseU BIL] YF (2) yioe¢ toysoM auf Sin290 IEE 9UEDTLINY TUI|OIK YET (g) “daysp2eq pue Sutsayyns Bursne saxpean Aap Jo spoudd 7 (0) “po> wioay ys 10 prey atuod9g SULALHL TT sod () ‘urerunow e Jo apt (6) “sous kavaykq tt p2POKE, (») ‘2oejins sqpuva axp ssoase Buprout ste Jo yUa!IN y (5) “ures yo yoy v qpeae raya Ped (€) 9.0 49TEM (11) “Par oF syfey amyesaduuay Apoq MOK LOY Jf LHIAI [EHP 9 (g) sssoire 6 Aq din uso Nous jo 91K ¥ (c) Aap dqqensn st yeqp a0efd v uy Jaren yo zunowe ya! vy € z so] Ajsnoro8u (p) ‘ssonse 6 Bons 419, (2) "sso1oe 6 ream Suons ya ssosse g JO tO} AJOL is) aie nok ‘ooo v Suyava} wiouy nok syuasaid ayqord ysodsuen v.40 194 eM 949828 JL ssopy sno 103 auop u99q Sey 9UG “pAoMssoID axp M9[AHOD ABI — PPYPPIONA 6 oNTime Eaters 3 > | Vocabulary — Register and style Language Focus, SB page 36 1.1 Good monolingual dictionaries always indicate if a word or phrase has a particular ‘register, in other words the type of context it should be used in. naries use slightly different labels to indicate register but they all tell you whether the word or phrase is informal, formal, specialised/technical (e.g. medical, legal, literary, etc), old-fashioned /dated, slang, etc. Words and phrases, with no label are of neutral register. fferent dictio- Use your monolingual dictionary to determine the register of the following words and to discover a more common/neutral (near) synonym. An example is given. Word er Synonym Regi 1 lesion medical 2 podgy 3 bananas (adj) 4 pen (v) 5 witeless (n) 6 larceny 7 8 9 cut, wound pretty (adv) court (v) notwithstanding 10 nosh-up IL politic 12 bamboozle 13. clavicle 14 lingo 1.2 Make any necessary changes to the underlined words in the sentences that follow. Not all the under- lined words are in inappropriate register. The first one has been done for you. 1. Unfortunately, he ended his days in an institution for the criminally bananes. insane 2 Oh no! I think I've put my clavicle out again, 3 Lingo study classes are from 0900 to 1215 with options in the afternoon, 4 You are invited to a nosh-up to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the foundation of the club. 5 It's no good trying to bamboozle me. I'm not going to buy any insurance. 6 She turned out to be a great boss to work for notwithstanding what everybody said about her. 7. Its, to say the very least, pretty regrettable that the Managing Director has decided to resign at this crucial time. 8 Podgy children run a higher risk of heart disease in later life. 9. My grandmother never bought a TY, She was quite happy listening to her wireless, as she used 0 call 10 Can you pen a quick shopping list for me? You know how forgetful Iam. 11 One feels it may not be politic at this moment to press for an increase in salary. 12 ‘Hi, Karen. So this is your new boyfriend? “Yeah, we've been courting for about two months now? it about Harry, doctor, He's got some red Gomm's been arrested again? “Oh, what for this time?” “The usual — larceny?” 2 no matter ... P-Study Box, SB page 42 Match the first part of each sentence in Column A with the second part in Column B and add a complete it. Look at the example. sitable word to 7 A 1 No matter how hard I try, Qa 2. Well, it looks as though we'll have to buy a oO new one, 3. She never gets to work on time, al 4. Don't trust her an inch, Oo 5 No matter . much he'd like to, oO 6 No matter... . you get there, O 7 No matter . the doctor tells him, — L] 8 Cigarettes are extremely bad for you, ia} 9 Look, this rumour is totally untrue oO 10 Come on, you'd better clear up this mess, Oo B A. no matter she promises, B_ no matter... it costs, C he'll never forget the crash. D_no matter fault it was. E_ he refuses to give up eating fatty food.u 1 \ | { | | 04 Jo UIs © ouneaug o1 alge aq yL,N0s I ur y>°q 94 1,94 ‘autsnouuyy iy uy 00g S108 oy on ‘UN AU [TP parsA0d wy daay os ‘MEERA ISOUN 24 01 pat HH HOU IMO uw NO uoyps auNN a4) st SD Ing aeyKOIUOS PoypuLNP aAvy Xjquqoud iL paxoID U1 “Assiquto atp Jo 1no sauwod ay © ‘SmnoY au4) 6} om) WOH, SuIEPKUE oye noo syn ~ so@raura-o4 ay“ * (8) apisino {Wem pu Loop wood Bund9uu a4 o} wy Kmeduo3>%2 N.nof ‘stownoau oy tm BuIpjing Assequia 24) 9pisu $903 ay (L) 910] suonsanb yse uv tsay 198 09 payoadxa aq I,nos “Kja3uens Buuavyaq ‘atioKue 998 nos * (9) Yoquiowiar ‘pu prsors ure yun Aymno9s opqow aig spuey 91H Ur SHOySIO-[f9M aIp Stoase ay (5) uy 9} as0[9 439A Kos OF aAvy TTA NOK Jo aUIO “sHeMUOGAP USHHEL 949 HEA spun4 UayEYS 5,04 “) *Rungour oyp s9ye oursnown Sy owul Yoeq sio8 ay (€) Aiayes jeuosiod say yo aBey wi 99 [LA {Waly sno Jo aaxyp puw OK “aursnown Joox-ia}Inq sty JO 0 says ay « (2) ‘snotordsns Buyyncue 404 spunos3 pu Sssequio axp payauras tH II NOX “SaataT Jopessequny ain 210499 (1) MOPEYS H | JostAAddag AaNsVg_ woul TinpueToUDY anya eye uy nt aouo yun se JE aieeq, ata ayn dq, -aydurexo ue se unoys st ou0 asuyy ayy, 22eds ans0> ay Wr x0q ayp WHOA suONIZUN/UOD aun atp Bund dq aBessed Buymo][0} axp arpa pp aBed gg ewes uo sno04 4 sasnej> aw aanang 7°¢ Dc sonsme peg (198) gaseayd study axon t (@netf) jupe (az09us) w= onsst saded 9 9A15 PPIND OL (198) "TIO, Buys suoyd oy) CHER, 6 dy ayqeyjaiun aso, cyieg op ur wy pue sown] Nos (roquiouar you Ayqeqord) aq] 1nq sn day pue auut0> 01 posnuiond pis 4009 ve peas pure uy (Aeys ysnf) | SEAN ION, “anuBiu Aepuag 0p suejd Aue 108 NOs aneH, ‘epor (ues 101) y= ys anyq yrysmneag wy re Yoo] Uo BUI09 YO_9 jaduioiaju0D ay} Woy} nog uitp nog op au YM s 11yaure YO, amo UNE 94,994 KOS UU], gavin aBuwso ue 9464 | PINOD, F i(yse) OM Sou yo isn ye ates Buwo> 54440] ey INO YOOT ¢ saad yxau ~padoy 1 z :Aysipaun ava] nod 1aye (Op) op 03 Buyob noK ave WYN, 1 un sty qof z9H9q v (axe) “ -aydurexa ue se auop ua9q seu] au0 ISHy ayy “sIEyPKAG UH pai quaa aup pu oj 3108 40 744 Jo Woy aredordde sou a4) Buys Nojaq sArUAqHAS xp aLajdUOD bb oBed gs ‘reused Uo sn204 4 07 Bujod SA [pm 1g ARWWRID € ‘uyeruio> wy8teu Koy se 3pnt| sneut ou “YO SBumpduana mouy se 19por Buy e sn oA = gone OW HE sayieut ou) ayia Aue asop sana | a “sane ays snq, ‘nok pionD2 reeves 3.3 Guess the ending P Focus on Grammar, SB page 44 Complete these sentences in a logical way. Look at the example provided. 1 Don't worry, you'll recognise me as soon as you see mel 2 Ws OK, I'l wait for you until 3. Tl go and have a cup of tea while 4. Hurry up, or they'll have finished dinner by the time ai 5 Ill meet you back here afier we 6 Wor't you get a fine if 7 Come on, let's do the washing-up before we 8 You won't feel much on this side of your mouth until the injection 6 ‘Where's Harry?""In the study, I think he snsnnnsne (Write) some letters. 7 Aunt Agnes is very generous, she sno (always/give) the children wonderful presents for their birthdays. 8 ‘That new postman .... bright to me, he letters in the wrong letterbox. e i to the party on Saturday . (have) dinner with some old (not seem) very (always/leave) our 9 Pm sorry we can't r but we friends. 10 Predictably, at the end of the film the Swarzenegger hero . . (rescue) the prisoners and oe (get) the girl! D1 Wher snsnsnnne YOU sw (live) until your new house is ready? 12 Carte sme (SETVE); PAMPAS (return) but the ball Game to Carter v- (go) into the net. 3.4 Present tenses Put the verbs in brackets into either the present simple or the present continuous tense. Put any other words in the brackets in the correct place. The first one has been done for you. 1. This milk docon't ome! (not smell) too fresh — 1 think Pll throw it out 2k Vout inci buy one of your own? 3. Ohyes, Jean and I. very well, 4 Mark +»: (go) to work by train while his car’s at the mechanic's. 5. Don't forget the COaCh ssnnmnnne (leave) at 6.45 tomorrow morning so you'd better get an early night. (forever/use) my razor, can’t you sw (Know) each other Present tenses D> Remember that present tenses are not only limited to talking about the present ~ they are also used: = to make the past seem less remote and more dramatic, eg. So, yesterday I'm sitting in the offce, finishing off a few letters, when in comes Alan! = to make the future more definite: eg, Were flying to Crete next Friday-The plane takes off at 7am,6 “nok pop weyp wos Kee au10> AI BT “oun 8uo] v.10) Kiadord (2¥aq ‘ays. anq Jeap Ajarayduro> row sauef £1 «it 10) uns 5397 1g 001 5,1 Bop v (2g 1001) u, _gsoon asoyp UE alaKp eH STLYN, OT sqedoy ut ony pue of o1 din ype 1 2408 ‘ays anq soapy yey taq & (94) eysIe SI “1oj Supjooy ase asyjod ayy auto ays (24) |]24 = aque | S91 ano weUr TeEp (298) NOK ia spd Pt jsuoneymerfuoy “smau aup peat (ug) you) ‘a uaa parysifap a10uu (aq you) am €l rayqoud Jeatsdyd Jo sia0s ype (asia) Bu a meq ese pu sag "MOK seat ay (asyear 10H) “aS PM, Susur 1 ou paso] weg Aya 19pUON TT sup roan aq “awoy aAuip 09 ajge Sey 04s 2149 By v Buney ox1ds0q 39 ased ay 1u, uoiseav0 ayipads © uo Aanige smoYs 02 2190 50m. 1¢] 38m 24s UBYA AAUP PInoD ays ased a1 uy Ange [e10u98 mous 01 pasn | pino> Joquawoy << 0} a]qD SDM SA pjno> bc aves OI amp panos (tins L949 YoU)“ [MON ‘S9]fr 203 (Un) or past | 01 jssauppe Huoaa ay st ane8 nox “asn04, aq (pay 10H) am Burstidans 10U S316 jsueaf pur rasoyjnd duu Uy 10xpt feas & POO] 1 Aured yeuriog e sean af ut (at) NOR 8 ‘910 941 01 (ttHIAKS) ays *Ba] uayorq e pey ays YBNOKTY Z “plo savox xis sea] uu fans Ayan (us) mr |g av agnop [nq asoddns 1 ‘59K, ab wus psoup pres sSupromoyg ‘anbayp reap paatara4 1,uoavy 24 PPO sal, S uo Beq nod “nod UNA MOK Op stg, YHA F ised ggo'z ueyp azour are att, “Sty Te a14am 0} soBe NOK (91) aLipiom AW € sxepamieg pou Aued Aepyag, 01 8108 NOK ary Z ny (oxey) ancy anu | yu fHyae Apornposge [23 11 sod au 180] (108) (2av9q) sp1p1e4yy) 01 (211109) suaayd st ajduiexa uy “siayperq Jon ayy pu ssn ‘iySiuu sCou “qu aq ‘pyno> ‘uv2 Jo uy ajquazns w ya soduioias Busso}[o} xp ar9qdUIOS ep aed GS ‘HeUEAD UO sn204-4 Sq4OA [POW S"E4 > | Cause and effect Stress > Study Box, SB page 55 Match the beginning of each sentence in Column A with the correct ending in Column B and add any necessary ‘words. See the example. Careless driving, Eating too many sugary things 1 2 3. Skin cancer 4. Heart attacks 5 OME vwrurnnen OF using a computer all day 6 Bad posture 7 Asudden rise 8 Malaria can 9 Obesity cam be the swmsnsnsnes OF 10. Crimes in inner cities have increased 11 Letting children always do what they want 12. Accidents in the home temperature from Oooo0o0o0000o008 B A. overeating and a lack of exercise. to tiredness and distraction, in tooth decay D_ isto cause headaches and eye problems. E_ being bitten by a mosquito. F isa major of chronic back pain. sone Of high unemployment and a lack of recreational facilities, Hct be sssnssnsen by sunbathing for long periods. 1 isa major cause of road accidents. J can and does «nnn to behavioural problems at school. K_ have increased as a stressful lifestyles. can and does .. B canbe. © canand does .. of our modern, 20 2 Grammar b-Focus on Grammar, SB page 58 2.1 -ing forms In each of the following sentences add a suitable subject made from a verb, The first one is shown as an example. 1. Drinking lots of water is supposed to be good for your complexion. 2 camntnatnminneneen 6AUS0S a lot Of unnecessary: accidents every year. 3 is much less popular now than it was 20 years ago. 4 ssdeare snes is by far the most common way of spending the evening. 3 often makes you appreciate the things you took for granted in your own country. 6 : 5 crossword puzzles is a classic time-eater. 7 isa good way of losing weight and getting f 8 svmnsnen if poor light can damage Dosen . is my favourite way of relaxing 10 is a sign of nervousness or stress.dup spurt nox (308) “= ayy aguop nox 3H (Ajaq) (ostuiord) ° quod ou sem amu, 8 “s9)nUHt DAY 10} HAD 919 18D at“ aq uy ® (198) “ cise) yuiom you sat £1 -uyete ~ pau sayesq au — Aeptoyy, tuo aftere8 ayy 01 ae ay --yaBo} AOC 9L -usiop s100p auf pain pure yt e ut podden, “Ie LST (uyseuts) * aouo sea | sapeyd pout ews Ut “pyours anaie8i9 sadoad 940 wt purrs jue J jaay ur + Jou pun Nos pInoM FL “(nowy)” parpadx aq 3,tv nok sBunyp anoge (A130) poof oust €t 19] 08 aot" sa0y ayn{ Aum (J0ptt0m) = djay ues | 71 ‘sou oapya er KEP Ire puads nod yr wrexs 243” 2299} O48) WMO NOK HO squaied amok to yuauureuano? 94 Tpadx 34089 NOL UT pain pue qonw os paddois nok aun aust OF - Yo HOM ays “PTE Sutuado ayy ut uorduren> aya pareajop BUIAH 6 “Axxonas JO soureyp apna Lisa st aroyy reap nok waiter] g tre saeep au dq & 108 y Snaqped sea ay amy aA | imo Aud v Ayqeqosd ang asts ded e Sura you am 2194 Aquo 101 1e4p atu 9m Suysoutt axp BUUNG] 9 -ayy] feos poruauusey v* pur sinoy 80] 4109 * suvaw 10y0p w BUI ¢ ‘yours nok somone An asnuu no, -aumnotd apap! poioquisiuas ays. € poq or kaL mn0k qauom ‘fomad (pias di seo oyp yy oF soqueDKU9s YN Jo zaquunut 949 Wo LaLop aoyjod v ur a3ey sty 08 nog ar0yaq vat aqpuoure> jo dn e~ -noK 10) auop u99q sey] U0 38AY) DHL, “SI2}DEAG 1 a6n 01 qu9a amp sase> ottos Uy “2ANNJUFUE 10 ‘yrs saouaquas BuImo|fo} axp a19}dWWO>) jaanruyuy 40 Buy §°7 Do» sms -fomsojou ay uo Ae> JayroUe + g011ntu ano& UE YPOEP ISN NOK jaysiom due as0y 607 wns juno ysnf | Fupypou speared “ygf1 aut Ut aaifap Suamsey iouury Buons v dn porpyd o2sonutet IoUmorUlt sty sojB08 Arayes 89m sAtaMY !NINUVM SERIAL IVAANVIN soyppopp Jo ano sures Sst nod qymas we4p Jo UIE 9K SEM, spujst ja) ay uy Aepyjoy Buoy € wiO¥g 329“ ap] J0 eax ystiuig, otf 01 asnfpe-at or nouyEP IE puNOy ATES twonng si) yuen. juop nod Sugpdue aiojap wed No, ‘aya zi tueaap sonau pays isaoy {|qpss24H st [Ore juuavo sty soquatuoa ue> ayy pastidans Wi) = souivu sadoad snowy st renbreg 1q] -kvpoy woot Aq A499 11 pIoys ‘peg oF din oy wo poisaiaqut auodury jeu v pau | — pon ty “Mopula aq +» 9jqisuodsar sou no puy or PUAIL | hued ayy 01 puotsydoq 2x9 14)" 1 yuan shourny Seat CULT ‘snoqias Buyyouuos aq wysrar SAU ays — 39996 ‘snorxue Jou s,4)897] jgjo 2294 30 peay mod sina shee OY quoape uv: ep Aono s09vy plo atures axqi yxaUr AO}>0p ayy“ sojadoy Apprnjosqe st 40423], jmoxsowuos youn gjo nd tivo ays rey depot + anaq[oq] SSOP ULaf siofluenns WON SUT Buyurea skeaye sem sa4ow AU pip SEM | UDA un aun posnane Ajay stat ppotuy sees BUNS BAM. ot] MOQ LMU OS PEAY 29,] ‘apysts anf uyjo0u 01 preastoy BupJooy Ae eth — soroyd oy yse> saaLuUUns sq KOON, O ‘a|durexs ayp 99g “puna ajqenns v pur 07 61 81 a ol st wl el a u on 6 9 wsodaxd pa1109 ap Suyppr Xq saouauas Supmo|]o} axp aaIdUIO Bur + suopounfuo> pur su ysodaad UTDe + sms 2.4 -ing nouns Put the correct form of the nouns in the box below in the correct places in the following sentences. See the example given. showing sighting saying setting awaki spelling carving hanging following fitting airing being hearing recording reading ing 1 A hundred years ago people used to attend public hangings outside local jails. 2. Well need to leave work early if we want to see the carlier of the new movie. ‘The rock group "U2" has a very large wns all over the world. 4. Have there ever been any verified Loch Ness monster? 5. like to throw open the windows and give the room a good . every morning, 6 Our second this evening c poetic works of Oscar Wilde. 7 There's a lot of truth in the comes to he who waits. 8 We bought a beautiful wooden .. in Hungary. 9 The cabins were in the most attractive . the edge of a lake, surrounded by forest. 10 He felta gradual of love for this strange, independent girl, 11 There was an official to discover who was responsible for polluting the river. 12 Actually, the word has two different both are correct! 13. He told me he'd spoken to some alien from another universe! 14. The bathroom still has all the origi of the ss from the ‘Everything of a horse on wand 15. I'm sorry it’s so crackly but it’s the original 1948 concert n Match each adjective in Column A with the appropriate noun in Column B. The first one is shown as an example. A B 1 carving @ A. board 2 shaving Oo B rod 3. building Oo C bag 4 diving a) D_ stone 5 watering lB licence 6 parking =F powder 7. driving Qo G knife 8 filing Peete ot eve Ol ee 10 walking Oo J site 11 fishing Qo K cream 12. sleeping [el L space 13. ironing (a) M. station 14 washing ey N stick 15 drinking = LD 0. board Collocations > Some common words are very useful in forming. collocations eg. board, card, bag. diving ‘chess chopping BOARD birthday credit membership CARD carrier shoulder shopping BAG D> Keep a record of these and other such useful words and their possible partners. 3 Word building — Verb formation Use the nouns or adjectives shown in brackets to form suitable verbs to fill each space. An example is provided. 1 Ifyou tell the company exactly what you want, they can put together a customised (custom) computer system for you. 2. Would it be possible to . of the photo? 3. You'll never get a job unless you . 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Use a dictionary to help you if 1 blood ic A nights necessary, The first one is shown as an example, 2 stomach EI B effec 3. time o © pressure 1 fun ‘enjoyable friendly light-hearted 4 stress Oo D_ breakdown 2 nap rush snooze siesta 5 minor CE ulcers 3 diay — wornout tired run-down 6 balanced — L] F constraints, 4 tackle wrestle with fight mull over 7 sleepless G trouble 5 focus unwind relax, switch off 8 nervous = H_ ailments © source result cause reason 9 heart o 1 meal 7 tense angry upset vulnerable 10. harmful Oo J overload 8 stuck confined boosted cramped Fy cy