MODUL 12

1.a.

12

16

b.i. 1. Kuasa mentol 15 watt, purata gelembung gas yang dibebaskan dalam satu minit ialah 5
The power of bulb 15 watt, the average of air bubble released in one minute is 5

2. Kuasa mentol 60 watt, purata gelembung gas yang dibebaskan dalam satu minit ialah 6
The power of bulb 60 watt, the average of air bubble released in one minute is 16

ii. 1. Apabila keamatan cahaya rendah, kadar fotosintesis rendah

When the light is low, the rate of photosynthesis is low
2. Apabila keamatan cahaya tinggi, kadar fotosintesis tinggi
When the light intensity is high, the rate of photosynthesis is high
c.
How the variables are operated
Variables/Pembolehubah
Cara mengendali pembolehubah

Manipulated variable
Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan Guna Kuasa Mentol Yang Berbeza/
Kuasa Mentol/Power Of Bulb Use The Difference Power Of Bulb

Atau

Keamatan Cahaya/Light Intensity guna keamatan cahaya yang berbeza/

use the difference light intensity

Responding variable
Pembolehubah bergerakbalas

bilangan gelembung gas yang dibebaskan
dalam satu minit/
the number of air bubble released in one
minute
rekod bilangan gelembung gas yang
dibebaskan dalam satu minit menggunakan
jam randik/
record the number of air bubble released in
one minute by using the stopwatch

kadar fotosintesis/ kira kadar fotosintesis dengan menggunakan

rate of photosynthesis formula:
calculate the rate of photosynthesis by using
the formula:
purata bilangan gelembung gas dibebaskan
masa

Fixed variable
Pembolehubah dimalarkan
kepekatan sodium hidrogen karbonat/ tetapkan kepekatan sodium hidrogen karbonat
pada 0.5%/

concentration of sodium hidrogen fixed the concentration of sodium hidrogen

carbonate carbonate at 0.5%

d. apabila keamatan gahaya bertambah, kadar fotosintesis bertambah

when the light intensity increase, the rate of photosynthesis increase
e.i.

KUASA PURATA BILANGAN GELEMBUNG GAS KADAR FOTOSINTESIS/

MENTOL/ YANG DIBEBASKAN DALAM SATU RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
POWER OF MINIT/ (MIN )
BULB THE AVERANGE OF NUMBER OF AIR
(WATT) BUBBLE RELEASED IN ONE MINUTE
15 5 5
30 8 8
45 12 12
60 16 16

e.ii.P -paksi dengan skala dan unit yang betul

T -pindah titik betul
B semua titik bersambung dan graf licin
 Kuasa mentol (watt)

f.P1 - apabila kuasa mentol bertambah, kadar fotosintesis bertambah/

when the power of bulb increase, the rate of photosynthesis increase

P2 - keamatan cahaya bertambah/

light intensity increased

P3 - lebih banyak gelembung gas dihasilan

more air bubble released

g. P1 - fotosintesis ialah proses yang berlaku dalam Elodea dan hasilkan gelembung gas
photosynthesis is the process take place in an Elodea and produces the air bubble

P2 - apabila ia dibekalkan dengan natrium hidrogen karbonat dan di letak pada kuasa
mentol .
when it suplied with sodium hydrogen carbonate and placed under the power of bulb

P3 - apabila kuasa mentol bertambah, bilangan gelembung yang dihasilkan bertambah

when the power of bulb increase, the number of air bubble released increase

h. P1 - kadar fotosintesis adalah lebih daripada 16min

the rate of photosynthesis is more than 16min

P2 - sebab kepekatan gas karbon dioksida bertambah

because concentration of carbon dioxide incresed

P3 - lebih banyak gelembung gas dihasilkan

more air bubble produced

i.

APPARATUS/RADAS MATERIAL/BAHAN

bikar/beaker air suling/distilled water

plastisin/plasticin elodea
pemberat/weight natrium hidrogen karbonat/sodiun hidrogen
mentol/bulb carbonate
2 pembaris meter/metre rules
termometer/thermometer
tabung didih/boiling tube
Problem statement: What is the effect of competition between maize and paddy plants on their
growth?
Apakah kesan persaingan antara pokok jagung dan pokok padi ke atas
pertumbuhan?

Hypothesis: Maize has a higher growth than paddy plants

Pokok jagung mempunyai pertumbuhan yang lebih tinggi daripada pokok padi

Variables:
Pemboleh ubah:
Manipulated: Type of plant /Jenis pokok
Responding: Dry mass of the plant /Jisim kering pokok
Constant: Distance between each seedling/ Jarak diantara setiap anak pokok

Apparatus and materials: SeedlingTray, a metre rule, a weighing balance, an oven, garden
soil, maize and paddy seeds, distilled water
Bekas semaian, pembaris meter, neraca penimbang, ketuhar,
tanah kebun, benih jagung dan padi, air suling
Procedure:
1. Fill three trays, A, B and C, of the same size, with the same amount of garden soil. MA
Isi tiga dulang A, B dan C yang saiz sama dengan dengan jumlah tanah kebun yang sama.
2. Plant all seeds at 5 cm intervals. MA,CV
Tanam semua biji benih pada jarak 5 cm.
3. Plant the seeds as follows: MV
Tanam biji benih seperti berikut:
Tray A: Only maize plants
Dulang A: Pokok jagung sahaja
Tray B: Only paddy plants
Dulang B: Pokok padi sahaja
Tray C: Maize and paddy plants alternately, MA
Dulang C: Pokok jagung dan pokok padi berselang seli
5. Water all the trays with distilled water every day. Leave the seeds to germinate and grow for
5 weeks under bright conditions.MA
Siram dulang dengan air suling setiap hari. Biarkan biji benih bercambah dan tumbuh selama
5 minggu di bawah keadaan yang terang.
6. After 5 weeks, clean the roots of the plants and dry at a temperature of 100C in an oven.
Selepas 5 minggu, bersihkan akar anak pokok dan keringkan pada suhu 100C di dalam
ketuhar.MA, Pre
7. Weigh and record the final dry mass of the dried plants and get the average reading for tray
A, B and C by electronic balance RV
Timbang dan rekodkan jisim kering akhir pokok dan dapatkan purata jisim kering bagi dulang
A, B dan C menggunakan penimbang elektronik.
8. Calculate the difference in dry mass and record the result in a table.
Hitung perbezaan jisim kering dan rekod keputusan di dalam jadual.

Presentation of data: