Journal Summary References

The system = investigate on the phase diagram of magnesium sulfate-urea-water at 30C

magnesium = to avoid any possibility of the temperature of the solution was always keep below 60C
sulfate- = equimolar amount (MgSO4.7H2O) are mixed with urea to produce this compound
urea-water = investigate reveal that mixture of compound of formula MgSO4.CO(NH2)2.3H2O with Epsom salts
at 30C (MgSO4.H20) and unbound urea and not the pure substance MgSO4.CO(NH2)2.3H20
= it is not possible to extract the compound MgSO4.CO(NH2)2.3H2O from this mixture, since the
compound decompose during purification attempt
= Parameter solubility
= mole ratio 1mole urea : 1mole MgSO4
=

Effect of = urea containing in fertilizer gaseous N losses in form of ammonia will occur and can be as high as
magnesium 50%
sulfate = to reduce ammonia volatilization, for instance by using Sulphur-coated urea or silicate and polymer-
addition to coated urea
urea on = to lower ammonia volatilization from urea by influencing microbiology process
nitrogen = * the use of inorganic salt with urea to reduce ammonia loss by chemical transformation in soil
loss due to = temperature : 25C
ammonia = mole ratio 1mole urea : 0.5mole MgSO4
volatilization = effectiveness of urea magnesium sulfate mixture (UMM) on ammonia loss reduction
= parameter soil texture, N:Mg ratio, fertilizer form(solid/liquid)
= NH3-N loss was significant lower in liquid treatment for both from urea (alone) and Urea magnesium
sulfate mixture (UMM)
Composition = problem statement Patern : US 2016/0046534
of a 1. Mixture of MgSO4.7H2O and urea is not stable during storage
magnesium 2. The mixture was reacting to form pasty masses
sulphate- 3. Highly hygroscopic nature also deliquesce readily
urea 4. Difficult to handle
compund = mole ratio 1 mole urea : 1 mole MgSO4
6 mole urea : 1 mole MgSO4
5 mole urea : 1 mole MgSO4
= MgSO4.mCO(NH2)2.nH20
 =MgSO4.xCO(NH2)2.yH20
= m and n : 0.9 to 1.1
= n: 1.9 to 2.1
= y: 2.9 to 3.1
= the composition of urea magnesium sulfate can be easily produced in powder form or in form
granule

Double = urea is quite hygroscopic at high humidities and tendency to form double form
compound = this tendency when urea displaces water of crystallization in forming a double compound with other
of urea with constituent in the mixture
magnesium = the cause of stickness encountered sometime in fertilizer mixtures containing urea
nitrate and = possibility was suggested that double compound suitable for fertilizers :
magnesium 1. Less hygroscopic than urea
sulfate 2. Not react further in mixture to release free water from hydrated salts
= double compound
1. Mg.SO4.5CO(NH2)2.2H2O
2. Mg.SO4.6CO(NH2)2.2H2O
= mole ratio 5mole urea : 1mole MgSO4
6mole urea : 1mole MgSO4
Effect of ball = use mechanochemistry large input energy mill capable of producing material with special
size on properties
steady state = two ways to decrease the energy needed for production of powder product by high ball energy mill
of aluminum 1. Minimum time needed to produce the desired product
powder and *determine by the time that required for whole amount of reactant to be
efficiency of transformed/reacted to form the desired product
impact 2. decreasing the energy consume by high energy mill is to make the milling more efficient in
during a way that the system reaches the steady state in a shorter period
milling * increase in ball size may increase or decrease the efficiency of milling depending on
other milling parameter
= to improve the efficiency of high energy ball milling without either mill speed or charge ratio
= to shorten the steady state time for given energy input
= steady state time mean milling time after which further milling has negligible effect on the powder
product
= the energy impact can consider the role of ball size
= one can realize that bigger ball favor the better efficiency
= the conclusion (same mill speed and speed ratio)
= change in size, crystalline imperfection and orientation