First Term : PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY : 1.

Atoms, molecules and stoichiometry (Test)

TEST 1
1. The diagram below shows a mass spectrometer.

(i) Name parts A, B, C and D, and stating their functions. [4 marks]

(ii) The paths of two ions are marked. If one of these is 35Cl+ and the other is 37Cl+, mark on the
diagram which path represents each ion. Explain your reasoning. [2 marks]

2. A hydrocarbon contains 85.7% carbon and 14.3% hydrogen by

mass. The main peaks in its mass spectrum are as follows:
(i) Calculate the empirical formula of the compound. [2 marks]
(ii) Calculate the molecular formula of the compound. [2 marks]

3. Because of differing proportions of isotopes, the relative atomic mass of lead depends on its source.
Two samples of lead were subjected to analysis. The mass spectrum of the first was taken and the
following results were obtained:
m/e value 204 206 207 208
Relative abundance 2.7 48.0 41.5 100.0
When 1.000 g of the second sample was converted into lead(II) chloride, the mass of the product was
1.341 g. Calculate the average relative atomic mass of each sample of lead and decide whether or not
the two samples have identical isotopic compositions. [5 marks]

4. (a) (i) Define relative atomic mass.

(ii) The relative atomic mass of X is 30.97. By how many times is an atom of X heavier than one
atom of carbon-12?
(iii) Naturally occurring sulphur consists of four isotopes with relative abundance as given in the
table below.
Relative isotopic mass Relative
abundance(%)
31.97 95.02
32.97 0.75
33.96 4.21
35.96 0.02
Calculate the relative atomic mass of sulphur. [5 marks]
(b) The mass spectrum of 1,2-dichloropropane shows three peaks at mass/charge ratio of 112, 114 and
116.
(i) If 1,2-dichloropropane of the hydrogen-1, carbon-12, chlorine-35 and chlorine-37 isotopes,
write the formula of the ions responsible for the peaks.
(ii) If the ratio of chlorine-35 to chlorine-37 is 3:1, calculate the percentage abundance of the
peaks.
(iii) Sketch and label the mass spectrum for 1,2-dichloropropape showing the three peaks.
[10 marks]
STPM 2000 Essay Q4(b)&(b)
First Term : PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY : 1. Atoms, molecules and stoichiometry (Test)

5. An organic compound Q contains only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. When Q was analysed in mass
spectrometer, its mass spectrum had peaks with values of 17, 29, 31, 43 and 60.
(i) Is ethanoic acid, CH3COOH likely to be Q? Explain your answer. [2 marks]

(ii) Is 2-hydroxyethanal, likely to be Q? Explain your answer. [2 marks]

6. 2.50 g of an impure sample of calcium carbonate requires 27.6 cm3 of 1.45 M HCl for complete
reaction.
(a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction. [1 marks]
(b) Calculate the mass of pure calcium carbonate in the sample. [2 marks]
(c) What is the percentage purity of the sample of calcium carbonate. [2 marks]

7. (a) The mass spectrum of Rubidium is shown in the diagram below.

Intensity

58.0

22.0

84.0 85.0 86.0 87.0 88.0 m/e

(i) Calculate the relative abundance of the two isotopes, 85Rb and 87Rb. [2 marks]
(ii) Calculate the relative atomic mass of Rubidium. [2 marks]

8. (a) Each element has a unique number that shows how many protons are in one atom of that element.
The mass number or nucleon number on the other hand is derived from the sub-atomic particles
in the nucleus.
(i) Define the term nucleon number of an isotope. [1 mark]
(ii) Write the symbol, including nucleon number (mass number) and a proton number, for an atom
of the isotope which has eight electrons and nine neutrons in each atom. [1mark]
(b) The table below shows some data about fundamental particles.
Particle Proton Neutron Electron
Mass/g 1.6725 x 10 -24 1.6748 x 10 -24 0.0009 x 10-24
Relative charge
(i) Complete the table by giving a value for the relative charge of each particle. [1 mark]
(ii) Calculate the mass of an atom of hydrogen which is made from a proton and an electron.
[1 mark]
(iii) Calculate the mass of one mole of such hydrogen atoms giving your answer to four decimal
places. (The Avogadro constant, NA = 6.0225 x 1023 mol-1) [1 mark]
(iv) An accurate value for the mass of one mole of hydrogen atoms is 1.0080 g. Give one reason
why this value is different from your answer to part (b) (iii). [1 mark]