CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Backdround

English is the international language. By mastering English well, then we will be

able to communicate with other nations in this world. In addition, we will also be able to
increase our insight and knowledge for the betterment of our nation and country, for we will
be able to read English literature, listen to foreign radio broadcasts, and to install other
science films. Thus, ultimately we can master the knowledge in all fields.

Each language must have rules or often we call the term grammar of each, as well
as with English, a lot of rules that must be considered in its use, especially in the field of
writingnya. Therefore, the author tries to present four rules of the many rules of English, in
addition to fulfilling the tasks of college also aims hopefully this short article can add our
insight about the English language. The four rules we mean are: past perfect tense, present
perfect continuous tense, direct and indirect speech, preposition. The speakers will be
presented in the next chapter.

B. Identifications of Problems

In this paper we conclude some of which we will discuss, namely:

a. What is Past Perfect Tense, the formula and how?

b. How does the Present Perfect Continuous Tense mean, what is the formula, division and
example?
c. What is Direct and Indirect Speech (direct and indirect sentence)?
d. Preposition

C. Purpose

From the identification of the above problem, the writer of course aims to explain or
explain these points, in accordance with the knowledge we get, both from the source book
and from our teachers. Hopefully it will benefit us. If any errors or words are written in this
paper, please apologize profusely.
 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Active Voice

Active voice (kalimat aktif) is a sentence where the subject is doing the job. Passive voice
(kalimat pasif) is a sentence where his object to work by a sentence.

B. MANY OF TENSES

a. Simple Present Tense

It is a form of the verb most commonly used in the English language, which is
used to reveal the factual events and habitual, general or not general, instructs, or
plan of schedule.

Verbal Sentence:
(+) S + V I + (S/ES)
(-) S + DO/DOES + NOT + V I
(?) DO/DOES + S + V I

Example:

(+) Father reads a news paper

(- ) Father doesnt read a news paper

(?) Does father read a news paper?

Yes, he does/ No he doesnt

(+) Mother cooks rice

(- ) Mother doesnt cook rice

(?) Does mother cook rice?

Yes, she doesnt/No she doesnt

 b. Simple Past tense
Simple past tense is, to declare an act / event that happened in the past / make
enormous time has passed and in the know.

Nominal sentence

(+) S+BE II+ (WAS/WERE)

(-) S+BE II+ NOT+ (WAS/WERE)
(?) BE II+ S + (WAS/WERE)

Example

(+) I was very thirsty just now

(-) I wasnt very thirsty just now
(?) Were you very thirsty just now?
Yes, I was/No, I wasnt

(+) I was hungry this morning

(-) I wasnt hungry this morning
(?) Were you hungry this morning?
Yes, I was/No, I wasnt

c. Present Continuous Tense

Continuous present a form stating the time of an event or on going event and
finished in the present.

Verbal sentence:

(+) S+BE I+V ING

(-) S+BE I+NOT+V ING
(?) BE I+S+V ING
Example:

(+) Father is talking on the phone at present

(-) Father isnt talking on the phone at present
(?) Is father talking on the phone at present?
Yes, he is/No, he isn.t

(+) Aim reading English book now

(-) Aim not reading English book now
(?) Are you reading book now?
Yes, Aim/No, Aim not

d. Present Perfect Tense

This tense is used to declare that a betake work completed at the time the
sentence is made or past events that have to do with now.

Verbal sentence

(+) S+HAVE/HAS+V III

(-) S+HAVE/HAS NOT+V III
(?) S+HAVE/HAS+S+V III?

Example:

(+) we have lived here for 4 years

(-) We havent lived here for 4 years
(?) Have we lived here for 4 years?
Yes, we have/No, we havent
 (+) I have studied biology for several minute ago
(-) I havent studied biology for several minute ago
(?) Have you studied biology for several minute ago?
Yes, I have/No, I havent

e. Simple Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Sederhana)

Simple Future Tense is used to declare actions that will occur in the future.
The verbal formula:

(+) S + Will/Shall + V1 + O + ANA

(-) S + Will/Shall + not + V1 + O + ANA

(?) Will/Shall + S + V1 + O + ANA

The nominal formula :

(+) S + Will/Shall + Be + O + ANA

(-) S + Will/Shall + not + be + O + ANA

(?) Will/Shall + S + be + O + ANA

Examples of simple tense verbal sentences:

(+) I will make a cake tomorrow.

(-) I will not make a cake tomorrow.

(?) Will you make a cake tomorrow?

 Examples of nominal sentence simple future tense:

(+) Belinda will be a singer in my birthday party tomorrow.

(-) Belinda will not be a singer in my birthday party tomorrow.

(?) Will she be a singer in my birthday party tomorrow?

f. Past Continuous

Past continous tense is to reveal actions in the past that are on going.

The formula of continous tense to create sentences

Positive (+)
Subject + to be (was/were) + verb-ing + object

Negative (-)
Subject + was/were + not + verb-ing + object

Ask (?)
was/were + subject + verb-ing + object ?

Example Past Continuous tense :

1. He was sleeping when I came (+)
Dia sedang tidur ketika saya datang

He was not sleeping when I came (-)

Dia tidak sedang tidur ketika saya datang

Was he sleeping when I came ?

apakah dia sedang tidur ketika saya datang ?

2. I was working all night yesterday(+)

saya sedang bekerja sepanjang malam kemarin

I was not working all night yesterday (-)

Saya tidak sedang bekerja sepanjang malam kemarin

were you working all night yesterday ?

Apakah kamu sedang bekerja sepanjang malam kemarin ?
 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

a. Conclusion
Based on the paper, it can be concluded as follows. Present tense or simple
present tense is used to declare events or events, activities, activities and so on that
occur today. Present tense is also used to declare a fact, or something that happens
over and over again at this time. remember, present means now.
Present progressive tense or formerly known as present continuous tense is
usually used to describe an ongoing event. The essence of past tense is to declare a
"past" event. Past here does not have to be very long too, just passed, already past.
The past continuous tense is used to declare events that happened also, but is
happening now, but is happening but first, but it is past. Future tense or simple future
is used to declare events that will happen. Future tense is about later. Something he
says future is "the future". Therefore, in future tense the use of will, shall which
means will surely dominate.
This one tense speaks of an event that is "being happened" as well as the
present continuous tense, but the difference in the future continuous tense then the
"medium" it is not now but tomorrow, will come, later. This present perfect
continuous tense tense is used to describe an event, event or whatever its name, which
has happened and still lasts even very likely to continue.
Present perfect tense emphasizes its perfect. Perfect it means "perfect". Not
perfect because it's beautiful like gita gutawa, but perfect meaning "finished, done,
done, just finished, etc.". So, if you emphasize the "already" it then use this present
perfect tense. The past continuous continuous tense in grammar english lessons is
used to declare things or events that are something that has and has happened in the
lampau. Past perfect tense is similar to present perfect tense just different in time only.
The emphasis on the perfect was, that's it. Future perfect tense is used to declare
something that "has happened, but will". It will already loh. If you open the english
lesson about future continuous tense then future perfect tense will also be very easy to
understand. The future perfect continuous tense is used to express events that: will,
have and still take place in the future.
b. Suggestion

Discussion about simple present tense not only limited to this paper alone,
because we can dig more about simple present tense. The goal for us as the successor
of the indonesian nation can.
 REFERENCES

http://www.belajaringgris.net/past-continuous-tense-802.html

https://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-contoh-kalimat-present-continuous-
tense

https://fitrianingsiherianto.wordpress.com/2013/03/21/pengertian-simple-presen-
tense-dalam-bahasa-inggris-contoh-verbal-dan-nominal/

https://fitrianingsiherianto.wordpress.com/2013/03/21/pengertian-past-tense-dalam-
bahasa-inggris-contoh-verbal-dan-nominal/

https://fitrianingsiherianto.wordpress.com/2013/03/21/pengertian-present-perfect-
tense-dalam-bahasa-inggris-contoh-verbal-dan-nominal/