Studies Soil Improvement of an Expansive Soil

Using Addiction of Lime (CaCO3)

Introduction

Soil become a base of the construction which support the foundation.

The resource contruction depends on the condition of the soil. Good stability of
the soil can support a strong building. In the nature, soils have various type, one of
them which have a big problem is expansive soils.
Expansive soils are those which show volumetric changes in response to
changes in their moisture content. Such soils swell when the moisture content is
increased and shrink when the moisture content is decreased. As a result
expansive soil can cause pressure and damage to the upper structure. In the face of
expanding soil needs to be taken into account the strength degradation due to
changes in water content. The amount of shrinkage on the ground is uneven from
one point to another, causing a difference in the height of the ground (differential
movement).
The process of expansive clay soil development is influenced by
environmental factors, including climate difference factors, rainfall, drainage
system and ground water fluctuation. The problems of expansive soils seem to be
overlooked during the design and construction of some of the projects especially
in arid and semi-arid region (Lamara et al.2005). Indonesia has two seasons, the
rainy season and the dry season. One of the causes of expansive soil may fluctuate
with high shrinkage. It is important to study the characteristics of expansive clay
soils to reduce construction failures.
Overcome the demage, lime stabilization can adopt method stabilization
for controlling the detrimental swellshrink movements of expansive soils during
wet and dry seasons. Lime reacts with expansive clays in the presence of water
and alters the physicochemical properties of expansive clays, which, in turn,
change the engineering properties of a soil (Bell 1988).
 Chemical stabilization is one of the alternative solutions to overcome the
undesirable swell-shrink potentials of the expansive soils. Among the chemical
stabilization methods for expansive soils, lime stabilization is most widely
adopted method for controlling the swell-shrink potentials by chemically
modifying the soil characteristics. (Thyagaraj et al. 2014)
Research about stabilization of an expansive soil using lime have been use in
several countries. Especially in Asian countries, The abundance of limestone products in
some areas, provides benefits in this study. Several researchers studied the influence of
rice husk ash in soil stabilization. (Rahman 1987; Basha et al. 2005; Hossain 2011;
Ashango and Patra 2014; in Argaw and Nihar 2016)
In this review, The study aimed to understand the reaction on the addition
of lime and method of testing limestone mixture with expansive clay soil. Election
of limestone mixture materials due to the material is easy to obtain and widely
available in nature.

Methods
There are two types of tests to prove the shear strength and the shrinkage
of soil after lime mixing , it is index properties and mechanical properties. Index
properties are used to determine the type of expansive soil and to know how big
the shrink expansion of the expansive soil. Whereas mechanical properties are
used to test the expansive soil expansionary capacity after mixing the stabilizer
material and before mixing. Type of index properties testing are atterberg limit
test, optimal moisture content test, sieve analysis test, hydrometer test.
Mechanical properties have two tests that can be used it is oedometer swell
potential test and unconfined compressive strength test.
Test steps on the research these are as follows:
1. Clay that has been taken crushed and dried first. Then filtered
with no filter. 4(4.75 mm).
2. Weight the filtered soil with Weight of 4.5 kg and mix with
water then Compressed to know the moisture content Optimum (OMC)
on the original soil.
3. Test the California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Swelling, and Triaxial
on the original soil.
4. Add lime of Dry weight on the ground by using 3 soil samples,
then weigh with Weight of 4.5 kg and mixed with water Then
compacted to know the levels Optimum water (OMC) on the soil.
Perform a California California Bearing test Ratio (CBR),
Swelling, and Triaxial on The soil corresponds to the lime content
Added.

Conclusion
Stabilization of expansive soil using addiction of lime is one of
alternative to soil improvement. Mix the chemicals (lime) must be through the
examination of physical and mechanical properties. Index properties are used to
determine the type of expansive soil and to know how big the shrink expansion of
the expansive soil. Whereas mechanical properties are used to test the expansive
soil expansionary capacity after mixing the stabilizer material and before mixing.
Type of index properties test are atterberg limit test, optimal moisture
content test, sieve analysis test, hydrometer test. Mechanical properties have two
tests that can be used it is oedometer swell potential test and unconfined
compressive strength test. In this test used two types of chemical fluids, its CaCl2
and NaOH. This fluid forms limestone crystals that are mixed with expansive soil.
 Other than that because the mixture of chemicals, it is necessary to have
an incubator to produce an optimal reaction for the use of lime can be useful to
improve soil properties.