GAS LIFT
Gas lift is a natural flow process in that the reservoir pressure is the driving energy to push fluid to
the wellbore, up to the wellhead, and into the surface facility. The wellbore, surface facility, and
reservoir responses are the same for a natural flow well and for a gas lifted well.
Purpose: To reduce the density of the flowing mixture of gas, oil, and water by increasing the gas-
liquid ratio with gas injection into the tubing through a gas lift valve or orifice. Best lift occurs when
injection is at a deep point in the wellbore. Gas lift is best applied when one or more of these
characteristics are present:
Gas lift gas (or nitrogen or CO2 circulation through coiled tubing) causes density reduction, which
reduces flowing bottomhole pressure (Pwf). This benefit is attained by first improving the gas to
liquid ratio, supplementing reservoir gas and increasing the mixture velocity; second by changing the
vapor-liquid distribution to one with better mixing and reduced liquid holdup; and third by reducing
wellhead back-pressure to promote gas expansion. Gas lift is implemented by installing a system
that has the following components:
The beam pump, Figure 1-10, is the indicator of the sucker rod pump in the well. Also called a pump
jack, the surface pumping unit lifts the rod string, downhole pump, and fluid load. The beam pump is
sized according to the fluid production rate and depth of lift.
HYDRAULIC PUMPS
Hydraulic pumping uses a surface pump to pressurize produced water or crude oil, depending on
which is readily available, to drive a downhole pump. The components include a surface high
pressure injection pump and pipeline, injection tubing, downhole assembly, and positive displace or
jet pump.
The reciprocating hydraulic pump uses the high pressure injection power fluid, red in Figure 1-
13, to drive the engine pump, which in turn drives the reservoir fluid pump. Ball check valves and a
double acting pump forces the reservoir fluid to the surface.