Associate Professor
University of Maribor
Module SOFTWARE
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
The paper gives concepts of FITNET software for Fracture module. In
Mustafa Koak order to perform structure integrity assessment for component with real or
European Fitness-for-Service Network assumed crack, it is necessary to vary material properties and crack
FITNET coordinator
GKSS Research Centre geometry. Such approach can provide statistically reliable results for
Institute for Materials Research, Geesthacht maximum loading capacity vs. crack size. Software can be useful and
simple tool which helps to avoid calculation of polynoms parameters in
Michell Huther equations for limit loads and stress intensity factors. The new concept of
Bureau Veritas, Paris
software is useful for education and introduction to FFS procedure in
Tomaz Valh company and departments with base engineering knowledge.
Walch d.o.o, Maribor
Keywords: fitness-for-purpose, structural integrity, FITNET.
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade. All rights reserved FME Transactions (2008) 36, 39-44 39
The calculation is performed in two phases. The first loading configuration. These conditions are mainly user
one is the preparation of the stress intensity factor and selectable and define equations for stress intensity factor
limit loading. The second phase is a standard FITNET and limit load calculation.
procedure carried out in FAD or CDF diagram. There are maximum three groups of different
boundary conditions:
3. GEOMETRICAL AND LOADING CONFIGURATION Stress/Strain condition (plane stress or plane
strain);
Selection of the geometrical and loading configuration Geometrical point;
is the basis for the calculation. At the left side of the Geometry or Shape.
dialog all registered configurations with their number Each of the boundary condition groups can have at
and description are listed. Most of the dialogs are set to the most three different options for selection. This
the default values, therefore the history of previous dialog is not shown if a particular configuration doesnt
calculations is erased when a new configuration is have boundary conditions to select.
selected.
8.1 Entering geometry and loading parameters
4. ENTERING THE MATERIAL PARAMETERS
The prepared FITNET application supports external
This dialog contains different fields to enable entering loads in terms of forces, momentums or arbitrary stress
the material properties. There are several options which distributions. The residual, internal or secondary
depend on the option of the FITNET procedure. In stresses are optional in calculation. The dialog can be
addition to other material parameters, the information used in two different ways with respect to the method of
about the shape of stress-deformation curve has to be describing the load.
given (whether material exhibits continuous yielding or
Lders plateau). 8.2 Simple loading case
Parameters of the material with respect to the
FITNET procedure option are given hereafter: The first parameter or the first two parameters are
Option
considered as the key parameters of geometry or
Description Unit loading. Considering the geometry, these are the crack
D B MM A
parameters. The crack size can be described only by
Young's Modulus of length or by length (c) and depth (a). These are the key
GPa 9 9 9 9
Elasticity, E loading parameters. A simple load is usually described
Poisson's ratio, 9 9 9 9 by one parameter (e.g. force or momentum); combined
Charpy impact energy, C J 9 loads are often given by two parameters (e.g. tensile and
bending stress). Theres an optional selection right from
or
the first two geometrical and the first two loading
Working temperature, T C 9 parameters, which represents a decision for primary and
Temperature at 28J of Charpy secondary parameter of the crack geometry and loading.
C 9
impact energy, T28J The optional selection isnt always available. When the
Probability of failure, Pf % 9 crack growth curve or loading curve is drawn, only the
Yield strength at 0.2 % plastic selected primary parameter is increasing while the
MPa 9 9 9 9 secondary remains constant.
strain, Rp0.2
Tensile strength, Rm MPa 9 9 9
8.3 Distributed stress case
Crack fracture resistance in N/mm1.5,
terms of K, J or (Kmat, Jmat, N/mm, 9 9 9
In this case the arbitrary stress distribution (ASD)
mat) mm
profile through the cross section of the component is the
Engineering stress- loading input information. There are two more
deformation curve from single File 9
command buttons available in addition to the common
axis tensile test, R-e
ones. The numerical values are simply entered into the
D Default option; MM Mis-match option; B Basic option corresponding data fields. Proper units have to be
A Advanced option. considered. The verification of the values is performed
upon confirmation. With arbitrary stress distribution
The parameters of the material are valid at the profile the elementary loads, e.g. force, momentum or
operating temperature. When entering the material data more often membrane m and bending b stress and
the dialog at the FITNET advanced option behaves in a polynomial coefficients of the stress distribution profile
slightly different way. All data fields except the crack (S0, S1, S2, ...) are present. These are not entry but
fracture resistance as a material property are locked. intermediate calculated data. However, these values can
This is due to the fact that all material parameters are also be inserted manually. Theres also a more reliable,
entered into a special dialog together with engineering applicable and more often used choice. This dialog
(R-e) stress-deformation curve. enables the entering of the ASD profile through the
The engineering stress-deformation curve is needed uncracked cross-section of the component. The stress
at FITNET Advanced option. The presence of boundary distribution profile is always referring to a structural
conditions depends on an individual geometrical and component without any crack. The stress distribution
The validity conditions discussed here are related to the The basic purpose of the FITNET procedure and the
specific geometrical and loading configuration and are to graphical representation of the results is the assesment
be used only within this configuration. The conditions of the structural integrity of the component. The
from stress intensity factor and limit load solution location of two points is determined with the use of
originate the corresponding equations. The solutions various calculation methods. The first point is called the
differ from one to another geometrical and loading nominal or operating point, while the second is known
configuration. The conditions also differ due to different as a critical or failure point. Both are presented in both
solution. The details and explanation of individual graphs (FAD and CDF) and give identical results. The
conditions are available in the original stress intensity position of the nominal point with respect to the failure
factor and limit load solutions compendium. Each curve is of our interest. This indicates the failure safety
condition is described by mathematical expression or by of the structural component. The failure point expresses
description. The result expresses the fulfilment of the the critical state, having two parameters: critical crack
condition. The individual validity conditions are statically length and the failure load.
verified for the operating point only, i.e. for the nominal After the last dialog is confirmed, the FITNET
geometry and load. They arent verified through the calculation is performed in two stages. The first stage is
calculation with the crack growth or with increasing load performed in Python environment. Firstly, the selected
when loading curve or crack growth curve is drawn. parameter is increased, then the calculation of stress
Therefore, though the nominal conditions are fulfilled, intensity factor, limit load, reference stress and
they might not be fulfilled far from the operating point. normalised load is performed. The data are transferred
For that reason, the calculation has to be repeated for the into the main application before the second stage
critical crack length and critical load as a new operating follows. The second stage is the standard FITNET
point. This is the main advantage that allows the procedure with prescribed equations. Their selection
computer software calculation tool. depends on the option of the procedure and on the type
of material yielding (Lders plateau). The application
6. ENTERING THE CALCULATION PARAMETERS pop-ups a short message box with a results summary.
The message box also contains the coordinates of
This dialog enables decision about the assessment with nominal and critical point with respect to both
respect to the critical load or critical crack (Critical interpretation types and the critical length of the crack
value assessment). The calculation is repeated with only or failure load, obtained from the graphs.
one parameter being changed, while the other remains
constant. Thus the loading curve or the crack growth 8. APPLICATION OF SOFTWARE
curve is drawn. This method enables us to determine not
only the operating or nominal point, but also the critical To illustrate the use and the possibilities offered by the
or failure point. There are two parameters that define the software, we shall present a case built up from an
increase of selected value, the step for increasing the industrial case. The 3 options presented in FITNET
load or crack length and the maximum load or crack documents are applied with the same service conditions.
length. The lower limit of the increasing parameter is
selected as a small positive number. The step for 8.1 Case study
increasing the normalized load Lr has to be given, too.
The lower limit of the increasing normalized load is A project for a Canadian Arctic harbour requires the
always zero, while the plastic collapse limit defines the design of a steel box beam structure which dimensions
upper limit. With this dialog the final act of the are: width = 2.0 m, height = 1.5 m, thickness 25 mm.
parameter entry is presented. It usually erases the The designer selects an HS steel with the following
history of previous calculations, if they exist. The characteristics:
history of calculations can be preserved for future Yield Strength 410 MPa;
comparisons by means of the control, but this can only Ultimate Strength 630 MPa.
solutions and provides possibility to change stress structures comprising the versins ETM 97/1 and
intensity factor with a new solution or adds new ETM97/2, GKSS Research Centre Geesthacht,
components. Material module includes routine for input GKSS 98/E/6, Geesthacht, 1998.
mechanical properties and fracture toughness. Output [6] Schwalbe, K.H., Kim, Y.-J., Hao, S., Cornec, A.
routine enables to print and save results as report or and Koak, M.: EFAM ETM-MM 96: The ETM
plots and text file appropriate for further analysis. Method for Assessing the significance of crack-like
defects in joints with mechanical heterogeneity
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (strength mismatch), GKSS Research Centre
The authors acknowledge support of European Geesthacht, GKSS 97/E/9, Geesthacht, 1997.
Commission within the European project Fitness-for- [7] R6 Assessment of the Integrity of Structures
Purpose Network for European Industry-FITNET (5th Containing Defects, Revision 4, British Energy,
framework programme)! 2000.
[8] BS7910:2005 Guide to methods for assessing the
REFERENCES acceptability of flaws in metallic structures, 2005.
[1] Fatigue Crack Growth Program NASGO version
3.0 reference manual JSC-22267B, NASA
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, 2000.
FITNET
[2] CRACKWISE 4 Automation of Fracture and --
Fatigue Assessment Procedures (BS7910) for
Engineering Critical Assessment, TWI Ltd., Granta
Nenad Gubeljak, Mustafa Koak, Michell Huther,
Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, 2005.
Tomaz Valh
[3] SINTAP: Structural Integrity Assessment
Procedure Final reversion, EU-Project BE-1462, FITNET
Brite Euram Programme, 1999. .
[4] FITNET European Fitness-for-Service Network,
G1RT-CT-2001-05071, http://www.eurofitnet.org.
[5] Schwalbe, K.-H., Zerbst, U., Kim, Y.-J., Brocks, .
W., Cornec, A., Heerens, H. and Amstutz, H.:
EFAM ETM-97 The ETM method for assessing the ()
significance of crack-like defects in engineering .