19/9/2017

Industrial Drawing

Technical Drawing

Parallel and Perpendicular

lines
Parallel: lines with a Perpendicular: a line at 90 to another.
same distance
continuously between
them

https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=LqvZql97EUQ
SYMBOLS

Parallels Perpendicular

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Basic Geometric Constructions

A systematic procedure is used to

solve frequent problems in Technical.
Making basic construction develops
visual skills and promotes logical
thinking.

Bisector
Is a line or plane that bisects an angle or line segments.

Problem 1: Problem 2:
Make a bisector of a segment line AB. Make a bisector of a angle AB.

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Bisector: is a line or plane that bisects an

angle or line segments.
Problem 1: Problem 2:
Make a bisector of a segment line AB. Make a bisector of an angle AB.

Draw arcs using B as the centre with the compass set so
that its opening is practically .
Draw arcs using B as the centre with the compass set.
Connect the intersection (C and D) by a line.
The connecting line bisects AB in point M.
Draw an arc with S as the centre, thus A and B are
obtained.
Draw any arcs with A and B as the centres which
intersect in C
The connecting line C S bisects the angle..

Perpendicular
symbol
Teorema de Thales
Problem 3: Problem 4:
Draw a line perpendicular to the line AB in AF A given line is to be divided into 5 equal part.

With the compass set to any radius draw From A of this line draw a second line at any
an arc about A as centre, thus C, an arc about C as centre, convenient angle and lay off 5 equal spaces (points
thus D, an arc about D as centre, thus E, an arc about E as C G). Connect G with B; Draw parallel lines to
centre, thus F, connecting line F to A is the perpendicula. GB

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Problem 5. Problem 6.
Make a bisector of an angle which its vertex is Determine the centre of a circle.
unknown.

A
C E

D Y
Z

F
B H

Draw a line that cut the both line a and b.
Draw a circle using A as a the center and do
the same in B.
Make a bisector of following angles CD, DE,
FG, GH.
Draw the bisector from Z to Y.
Draw any two chords AB and CD.
Draw lines perpendicular to the two chords.
The intersection of these two perpendiculars is
the center (M) of the circle

REGULAR POLYGON
A polygon is regular when all of its angles and sides are equal. Therefore,
they could be inscribed or circumscribed by a circle. The centre of the circle is
the centre of the polygon. A line from the centre to any of its vertexes will be the
same length.
Central angle: its vertex is the centre of the polygon, and its sides are the lines
that cross two consecutive vertexes. Its value is the result of dividing 360 by the
number of sides in the polygon.

Inner angle: its formed by two consecutives sides in the polygon, and its value
is the result of 180 minus the value of the central angle in that same polygon.
In a convex regular polygon, the apothem
is the perpendicular line between the middle
point of each side and the center of the
polygon.
The perimeter is the lenght of all its sides.

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TRIANGLE, HEXAGON & DODECAGON (exact SQUARE & OCTAGON (exact construction)
construction)

L=R

PENTAGON & DECAGON HEPTAGON (exact construction)

(exact construction)

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DECAGON (approximate construccin)

HENDEAGON (approximate construction)

PENTADECAGON (exact construction) GENERAL PROCEDURE

(approximate construccin)

QUADRILATERALS
A QUADRILATER is a shape having four
sides.
Convex: All of its inner angles are
smaller than 180.menores que 180
grades.
Concave: one of its angle is bigger tan
180 grades

KIND OF FOUR-SIDES
4 equal sides: Trapezium: Any sides and
Square: The 4 sides Rhombus: ab = bc = cd = da angles are
and inner Opposite sides are parallels: equal.
angles are ab//cd y ad//bc)
equal. Opposite angles are equal: If you plus all of
bad = bcd; its inner angles
The angles adc = abc the result is 360
are right
angles (90)
It has two parallel Rhomboid or Parallelogram:
It is made of Trapezoid: sides and the
Rectangle: two sets of distnace between An oblique-
equal parallel them is the angled
sides and all polygons height parallelogram
of its angles with only the
are right Right opposite sides
angles (90) equal.
Isosceles
Scalene

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Drawing a regular hexagon. Drawing a regular heptagon.

Draw the vertical and horizontal centre lines.

Draw the vertical and horizontal centre lines.
Draw circular arc with M as the centre (thus obtaining
Draw circular arc with M as the centre and
A, B, C, D).
the compass set to .
Bisect line segment MA (thus obtaining E); Draw arc
With the compass set to draw arcs
with the radius EB and with E as the centre (thus
intersecting the circle.
obtaining F).
BF is the length of one side of the pentagon..

Drawing a square standing Drawing a square standing on

on a corner. a flat surface.

Draw the vertical and horizontal centre lines.

Draw circle with M as the centre, thus obtaining A, B,
Draw the vertical and horizontal centre lines. C and D.
Draw circle with M as the centre, thus Bisect the angle AMB, thus obtaining E.
obtaining A, B, C and D. Bisect the angle CMB, thus obtaining F.
Connect the intersections. EF is a flat side of the square.
Connect the points and mark off the distances on the
circle

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Sheets to be assessed:
1. Draw a standard sheet A4 with a title block the same as the title
block from the photocopies.
2. Sheet 1:
Make a bisector of a segment line AB. AB = 90 cm.
Make a bisector of an angle AB. AB = 40
3. Sheet 2:
Draw a perpendicular line to line AB in AF. AB = 100 cm
Draw a perpendicular to line AB in its middle point.
A given line AB = 60 cm. Divide it into 8 equal parts.
4. Sheet 3:
Make a bisector of an angle whose vertex is unknown. Draw two lines (any lines)
Determine the centre of a circle, knowing its radius is 30 cm.
5. Sheet 4:
Draw a regular hexagon of a 7 cm side.
Draw a regular heptagon of an 8 cm side.
6. Sheet 5:
Draw a regular square standing on a corner. The circumscribed circle is 35 cm radius.
Draw a regular square standing on a side.

Sheets to be assessed:
Sheet 6:
Draw a square of 70 cm of side.
Draw a rectangle of 40 x 100.
Sheet 7:
Draw an inscribe pentagon in a circle of 100 mm of radius.
Draw a circumscribe hexagon in a circle of 100 mm of radius.
Sheet 8:
Design a figure. You should use some polygon, circles, lines, donuts of
different colours.
Sheet 9:
Draw a rhombus of 80 cm of side and 40 and 140 of angles. And in its
centre draw a circumference of 50 cm of diameter.

Introduce your title block and margins in each sheet.

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TANGENCY

Circular arc connections

POINTS OF CONNECTION
T = points of connection.
T is found drawing a perpendicular line from de centre
of the circle to a tangent line.
Also, it is found connecting the tangent circles going
through both centres.
r

O
T O T O

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CONNECTING A LINE AND A CIRCLE

r
R+r

CONNECTING TWO LINES

CONNECTING TWO CIRCLES WITH AN OTHER.

r R+r

r
R

R+r

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CONNECTING TWO CIRCLES WITH AN OTHER.

r
R
R-r

R+r

CONNECTING TWO CIRCLES WITH AN OTHER.

r
r
R-r

R-r

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DRAW AN EXTERNAL TANGENT

CIRCUNFERENCE OF RADIUS R TO Draw a circle r+R with centre O.
STEP 1.
GO THROUGH P.

STEP 2. Draw a straight line which goes through STEP 3. Draw a circle r+R with centre O.
point O and P, obtaining point Os.

DRAW A TANGENT CIRCLE TO LINES STEP 1. Draw parallels to s and t at the

s AND t OF RADIUS R. distance R

STEP 2. Find T1 and T2 drawing

perpendiculars to s and t go through
O. Draw a circle R with centre O.

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DRAW A TANGENT CIRCLE TO TWO

STEP 1. Draw a circle r1+R with centre O1.
OTHER CIRCLES KNOWING THE
RADIUS R OF THE TANGENT CIRCLE.

STEP 2. Draw a circle r2+R with centre O2. STEP 3. Find T1 and T2 connecting with a line
Os and O1, and Os and O2. Then
Draw a circle R with centre Os.

STEP 1. Draw a parallel line to line s at the

GIVEN A CIRCLE C OF RADIUS R
distance R.
AND THE STRAIGHT LINE s, DRAW
A TANGENT CIRCLE OF RADIUS R.

STEP 2. Draw a circle with O as a center and STEP 3. Make a marK in the intersection
the radius of r+R. Os.

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STEP 4. Connect with a line O and Os. STEP 5. Draw a perperdicular to s from Os or
going through Os.

STEP 6. Draw a circle R with center O.

DRAW AN INNER TANGENT CIRCLE

STEP 1. Draw a circle r1-R with centre O.
KNOWING THAT ITS RADIUS R TO
OTHER CIRCLE C GO THROUGH TO
P.

STEP 2. Connect O and P to find Os. STEP 3. Draw a circle with centre Os and
radius OsP.

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DRAW A TANGENT CIRCLE TO TWO

STEP 1. Make a bisector of the angle between
STRAIGHT LINES GOING THROUGH P. s and t.

STEP 2. Draw a perpendicular to t through P STEP 3. Draw a circle with centre O of radius
finding the point O. Then draw the OP.
perpendicular to s from O finding the
point connection r.

DRAW TANGENT LINES TO THE STEP 1. Connect O and P and draw a circle
CIRCUNFERENCE C OF RADIUS R with centre in its middle point.
GO THROUGH FOR P.

STEP 2. Mark points of connection and draw

tangent lines from P to these points.

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Sheets to be assessed:
Draw next exercises in Autocad.

10. First of all, you should create a template A4 layer your name with
layers below:

OUTLINE colour = White type line = continuous

AXIS colour = red type line = dash dot

(ACAD_ISO 10W 100)

PROCES colour = yellow type line = continuous

TANPOINT colour = green type line = continuous

TEXT colour = blue type line = continuous

HATCH colour = blue type line = continuous

HIDDEN colour = blue type line = dash (ACAD_ISO3W 100)

Sheets to be assessed:
Sheet 11. Draw the following drawings, scale 1/1 following the process.
Sheet 11. Draw the same figures using tools of autocad.

Sheet 12. Draw the following drawings, scale 1/1 following the process.
Sheet 12. Draw the same figures using tools of autocad.

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Sheet 13. Draw the following drawings, scale 1/1 following the process.
Sheet 13. Draw the same figures using tools of autocad.

Sheet 14 15 - 16. Draw the figures below using your template.

Sheet __. Draw the following drawings, scale 1/1 following the process.
Sheet __. Draw the same figures using tools of autocad.

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Sheet 17 18 19 - 20. Draw the figures below using your template.

Sheet 21 22. Draw the figures below using your template.

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Sheet 23. Draw the figure using your template.

Sheet 24. Draw the figure using your template.

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Sheet 25.
Draw the figure
using your
template.

Sheet 26. Draw the figure using your template.

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Sheet 27. Draw the figure using your template.

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E
P

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S
T
E
P

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E
P

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