3. Ezetimiba.
5. Niacina.
Initial therapy All patients with CVD (table 1) should be recommended lifestyle
(modification) interventions associated with improved clinical outcomes and treated
with a statin.
Second line therapy: There are two therapies that have demonstrated improved
cardiovascular outcomes when added (individually) to statin: ezetimibe and PCSK9
inhibitors [9]. In most situations, we choose ezetimibe before PCSK9 as second
line therapy for reasons of cost.
Estatinas
Tambin conocidas como inhibidores de la 3-hidroxi-3-metilglutaril coenzima A
(HMG-CoA) reductasa, desempean un papel importante en la prevencin y
tratamiento de la enfermedad vascular aterosclertica.
Efectos adversos y monitoreo: las estatinas son muy bien toleradas, con eventos
adversos poco frecuentes y reversibles. Rara vez se ha reportado rabdomilisis
(Cuadro XI), insuficiencia renal aguda o muerte por estatinas, estos problemas
estn generalmente asociados al uso concomitante de fibratos, agentes
antimicticos (derivados de azol), ciclosporina o antibiticos macrlidos. Con el
uso de estatinas puede ocurrir un incremento en las transaminasas hepticas
Algunos estudios de forma no concluyente consideran que el uso de estatinas
puede incrementar la incidencia de diabetes y alteraciones de la memoria.
La farmacoterapia inicial consta de dosis estndar de una estatina para reducir las
concentraciones de CLDL en por lo menos 30 a 40%. En pacientes en riesgo alto,
para alcanzar un C-LDL < 70 mg/dL se requiere frecuentemente una reduccin
50%. Si las concentraciones de C-LDL despus de seis semanas permanecen por
arriba de las metas, las opciones incluyen: 1. Intensificar el tratamiento con
estatinas. 2. Intensificar el tratamiento con dieta, agregando
fitoesteroles/fotoestanoles 2 g/da y aumentar el consumo de fibra soluble a 10-25
g/da. 3. Agregar ezetimiba o niacina. 4. Si estn presentes triglicridos altos o C-
HDL bajo, agregar niacina, un fibrato o aceite de pescado en presentaciones
farmacuticas a dosis elevadas o 5. Si el C-LDL ha disminuido en 30 a 40% y se
encuentra cerca de la meta, considere mantener la dosis actual de la estatina.
*Stroke: Patients with recent stroke or TIA receiving long-term therapy with high-dose (ie, 80
mg/day) atorvastatin may be at increased risk for hemorrhagic stroke (SPARCL Investigators
2006). A subsequent post-hoc analysis demonstrated that patients with lacunar or hemorrhagic
stroke may be at higher risk of hemorrhagic stroke; however, this finding was determined to be
hypothesis generating. The overall benefit of treatment with atorvastatin (ie, reduced risk
of stroke and cardiovascular events) in this population seems to outweigh the increased
risk of hemorrhagic stroke if one truly exists.
*For patients with TIA or ischemic stroke of atherosclerotic origin who are able
to tolerate statins, we suggest high-intensity statin therapy, independent of the
baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), to reduce the risk of stroke
and cardiovascular events [87]. We suggest treating with atorvastatin 80
mg/day, since this was the agent and dose used in the Stroke Prevention by
Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial that showed a
benefit for secondary ischemic stroke prevention.
the most common concern regarding a potential harmful drug interaction between a statin and
another drug is induced muscle injury.
FARMACO S T E P