Laboratory Exercise No.

1
Familiarization with Matlab Environment, Built-in Functions, Matrices and Plotting

1. Objective(s):
The activity aims to familiarize the students with matlab environment, built-in functions, matrices and
plotting.

2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):

The students shall be able to:
2.1 get acquainted with matlab environment and its various features.
2.2 understand the built-in functions of matlab.
2.3 Operate on the matrices.
2.4 Plot different graphs using matlab.

3. Discussion:
Matlab is a powerful language for technical computing. Its basic data element is matrix (array).It
can be used for math computations, modeling and simulations, data analysis and processing, visualization
and graphics, and algorithm development.

The standard Matlab program has tools (functions) that can be used to solve common problems.

The array is a fundamental form that Matlab uses to store and manipulate data. An array is a list of
numbers arrange in rows or in columns. The simplest array (one-dimensional) is a row, or a column of
numbers. A more complex array (two-dimensional) is a collection of numbers arranged in rows and
columns. One use of array is to store information and data, as in a table. In science and engineering, one-
dimensional arrays frequently represent vectors and two-dimensional arrays represent matrices.

Once variables are created in Matlab they can be used in a wide variety of mathematical
operations. Matlab is designed to carry out advanced array operations that have many applications in
science and engineering. Addition and subtraction are simple operations. The other basic operations,
multiplication, division and exponentiation can be done in Matlab in two different ways. One way, which
uses the standard symbols (*,/ and ^), follows the rules of linear algebra. The second way, which is called
element-by-element operations, uses the symbols .*,./ and .^ ( a period is typed in front of the standard
operation symbol).In both types of calculations, Matlab has left division operator (.\ or \).

4. Resources:
MATLAB
5. Procedure:
1.Identify the different matlab windows and write its corresponding purpose.

2.Note the different symbols used in the command window and write its corresponding use.

3.Use matlab as a calculator and show the results in the accompanying table.

4.Note the different built-in functions and show the results in the accompanying table.
5.Evaluate the results after pressing the enter key for the assignment operator (=).

6.Evaluate the results after pressing the enter key for the creation of vectors (row vector and column vector)
from a known list of numbers, with constant spacing by specifying the first term, the spacing, and the last
term, with constant spacing by specifying the first and last terms,and the number of terms

7.Evaluate the results after pressing the enter key for the creation of two-dimensional array (matrix).

8.Evaluate the results after pressing the enter key using colon (:) in addressing arrays.

9. Identify the different built-in functions for handling array and indicate its description and give an example.

10.Evaluate the results after pressing the enter key that involves strings and strings as variables.

11. Evaluate the results after pressing the enter key that involves the operations of matrices.

12.Evaluate the values of x, y and z of the three equations three unknowns :

4x 2y + 6z = 8

2x + 8y + 2z = 4

6x + 10y + 3z = 0

13.Evaluate the results after pressing the enter key that involves element-element operations.

14.Identify the different built-in functions for analyzing arrays and indicate its description and give an
example.

Course: CHE 508 Laboratory Exercise No.: 1

Group No.: Section: CH51FC1
Group Members: Date Performed: June 14, 2017
Cuesta, Alwyn Wren C. Date Submitted: June 14, 2017
Instructor: Engr. Crispulo Maranan

6. Data and Results:

1.

Window Purpose

1.Command Window The window where you type the commands to run a
function, or to set a variable equal to some value

2.Figure Window The window where the graph generated by the

command input appears

3.Editor Window The window where you can write a program or script
called a m-file that can be used later
 4.Help Window The window where you can search for guides and
instructions about different processes and commands

5.Launch Pad Window To access all MATLAB services and toolboxes

6.Command History To display all commands issued in MATLAB since the

last session

7.Workspace Window To view variable definitions and variable memory

allocations

8.Current Directory It provides quick access to all files available such as

the M-files created

2.

Symbol Purpose

>> To designate the start of a command

; To separate columns and suppresses display

% To designate a line as a comment and it will not

affect the program

clc To clear your workspace and command window

3.

Mathematical Expression Result

>> 8 + 5/9 ans =

8.5556

>> (8 + 5)/9 ans =

1.4444

>> 8^5/9 ans =

3.6409e+03

>>29^1/5 + 35^0.7 ans =

17.8461

4.

Built-in Function Result

>>sqrt(144) ans =
 12

>>exp(7) ans =

1.0966e+03

>>abs(-99) ans =

99

>>log(100000) ans =

11.5129

>>log10(100000) ans =

>>factorial(10) ans =

3628800

>>sin(pi/4) ans =

0.7071

>>round(19/6) ans =

>>rem(16,5) ans =

>>sign(-19) ans =

-1

5.

>>x= 10 x =

10

>>x=4*x -15 x =

25

>>a = 10 a =

10

>>B= 9 B =
 9

>>C= (a B) +50 a/B *16 C =

33.2222

>>a=10,B=9; C= (a B) +50 a/B *16 a =

10

C =

33.2222

>>x = 0.99; x =

0.9900

>>E = sin(x)^3 + cos(x)^4 E =

0.6750

6.

>>yr = [ 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005] yr =

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

>>yr = [ 256; 299; 350; 402; 503] yr =

256

299

350

402

503

>>y = [1:2:15] y =

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15

>>y = [1.5:0.1;2.0] y =

>>y=[-5:15] y =

Columns 1 through 12

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2
 3 4 5 6

Columns 13 through 21

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15

>>b = [21:-3:6] y =

21 18 15 12 9 6

>>a = linspace(0,8,6) y =

0 1.6000 3.2000 4.8000

6.4000 8.000

>>b=linspace(30,10,11) y =

30 28 26 24 22 20 18
16 14 12 10

>>c=linspace(49.5,0.5) c =

Columns 1 through 7

49.5000 49.0051 48.5101

48.0152 47.5202 47.0253
46.5303

Columns 8 through 14

46.0354 45.5404 45.0455

44.5505 44.0556 43.5606
43.0657

Columns 15 through 21

42.5707 42.0758 41.5808

41.0859 40.5909 40.0960
39.6010

Columns 22 through 28

39.1061 38.6111 38.1162

37.6212 37.1263 36.6313
36.1364

Columns 29 through 35

35.6414 35.1465 34.6515

34.1566 33.6616 33.1667
32.6717

Columns 36 through 42

32.1768 31.6818 31.1869

30.6919 30.1970 29.7020
29.2071

Columns 43 through 49

28.7121 28.2172 27.7222

27.2273 26.7323 26.2374
25.7424

Columns 50 through 56

25.2475 24.7525 24.2576

23.7626 23.2677 22.7727
22.2778

Columns 57 through 63

21.7828 21.2879 20.7929

20.2980 19.8030 19.3081
18.8131

Columns 64 through 70

18.3182 17.8232 17.3283

16.8333 16.3384 15.8434
15.3485
 Columns 71 through 77

14.8535 14.3586 13.8636

13.3687 12.8737 12.3788
11.8838

Columns 78 through 84

11.3889 10.8939 10.3990

9.9040 9.4091 8.9141
8.4192

Columns 85 through 91

7.9242 7.4293 6.9343

6.4394 5.9444 5.4495
4.9545

Columns 92 through 98

4.4596 3.9646 3.4697

2.9747 2.4798 1.9848
1.4899

Columns 99 through 100

0.9949 0.5000

7.

>>a = [2 35 6;5 67 88;22 56 89] a =

2 35 6

5 67 88

22 56 89

>>b = [23 56 78 73 68 b =

35 98 54 32 15 23 56 78 73 68
99 34 23 12 2] 35 98 54 32 15

99 34 23 12 2

>>cd = 9 ;e 6;h=8; Ram =

>>Ram=[e, cd*h,cos(pi/3);h^2,sqrt(h*h/cd),15]

6.0000 72.0000 0.5000

64.0000 2.6667 15.0000

>>Z= [1:2:11;0.0:5:25;linspace(10,60,6)] Z =

1 3 5 7 9 11

0 5 10 15 20 25

10 20 30 40 50 60

>>zr=zeros(4,6) zr =

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

>>on=ones(3,4) on =

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

>>we=eye(5) we =

1 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 0

0 0 0 1 0

0 0 0 0 1

>>aa=[4 8 9] bb =
>>bb= aa

>>B=[3 6 7 8; 8 7 6 4;2 7 9 3] C =

>>C=B 3 8 2

6 7 7

7 6 9

8 4 3

>>D=[ 3 5 6 8 23 67] E =

>>E=D(3) 6

>>D(2)=69 D =

3 69 6 8 23 67

>>D(2) + D(5) ans =

92

>>D(3)^3 + D(4)^4 ans =

4312

>>M=[3 11 6 5;4 7 10 2;13 9 0 8] M =

3 11 6 5

4 7 10 2

13 9 0 8

>>M(2,3)=18 M =

3 11 6 5

4 7 18 2

13 9 0 8

>>M(3,2)-M(3,1) ans =

-4
8.

>> v=[23 56 34 45 67 54 23 12 21] w =

>>w=v(2:6) 56 34 45 67 54

>>Q=[1 3 4 5 6 8 ;4 6 7 8 2 1;1 1 4 6 8 9; Q =

23 56 7 8 34 2; 21 45 67 83 2 3] 1 3 4 5 6 8

4 6 7 8 2 1

1 1 4 6 8 9

23 56 7 8 34 2

21 45 67 83 2 3

>>R=Q(:,3) R =

67

>>S=Q(2,:) S =

4 6 7 8 2 1

>>T=Q(2:4,:) T =

4 6 7 8 2 1

1 1 4 6 8 9

23 56 7 8 34 2

>>U=Q(1:3,2:4) U =

3 4 5

6 7 8

1 4 6

>>V=4:3:34 V =
 4 7 10 13 16 19 22
25 28 31 34

>>A=[10:-1:4;ones(1,7);2:2:14;zeros(1,7)] A =

10 9 8 7 6 5 4

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

>>B=A([1,3],[1,3,5:7]) B =

10 8 6 5 4

2 6 10 12 14

9.

Function Description Example

length(A) Number of columns of matrix A A =

1 -2 4

-5 2 0

1 0 3

>> length(A)

ans =

size(A) Dimensions of matrix A A =

1 -2 4

-5 2 0

1 0 3

>> size(A)

ans =

3 3

reshape(A,m,n) Change the rows of matrix A by m A =

 and columns of matrix A by n 1 2 3

4 5 6

>> reshape(A,3,2)

ans =

1 5

4 3

2 6

diag(v) Create a matrix with the elements of v =

v on the main diagonal
23 56 34

>> diag(v)

ans =

23 0 0

0 56 0

0 0 34

Diag(A) Create a matrix with the elements of A=

A on the main diagonal
23 56 34

>> diag(A)

ans =

23 0 0

0 56 0

0 0 34

where: A is a matrix and v is a vector

10.

>> b = Matlab Programming b =

Matlab Programming

>>c= My name is Richard Schooling c =

 My name is Richard Schooling

>>c(5) ans =

>>c(12:18) ans =

Richard

>>Info=char(Student Name:,Richard Info =

Schooling,Grade:,A+)
Student Name:

Richard Schooling

Grade:

A+

11.

>>VecA=[ 8 6 7];VecB=[2 3 6]; VecC =

>>VecC= VecA + VecB 10 9 13

>>A=[3 -5 7;7 8 3];B=[2 4 5; 1 2 2]; C =

>>C= A - B 1 -9 2

6 6 1

>>D= A + B D =

5 -1 12

8 10 5

>>A=[2 3 4; 5 4 7; 3 6 9; 5 3 1]; C =

>>B=[3 4 ; 3 2 ; 7 8]; 43 46

>>C=A*B 76 84

90 96

31 34

>>D=A*B D =

43 46

76 84
 90 96

31 34

>>F=[6 7; 4 3]; G=[1 2; 4 5]; H =

>>H=F*G 34 47

16 23

>>I=G*F I =

14 13

44 43

>>AV=[ 2 5 7];BV=[3;4;1]; ans =

>>AV*BV 33

>>BV*AV ans =

6 15 21

8 20 28

2 5 7

>>A=[2 6 7 9; 3 2 1 4; 4 6 3 1]; b=2; ans =

>>b*A 4 12 14 18

6 4 2 8

8 12 6 2

>>A*b ans =

4 12 14 18

6 4 2 8

8 12 6 2

>>D=5*A D =

10 30 35 45

15 10 5 20

20 30 15 5

>>A=[3 -2 5; 3 2 6;7 4 2]; B =

 >>B=inv(A) 0.1408 -0.1690 0.1549

-0.2535 0.2042 0.0211

0.0141 0.1831 -0.0845

>>A*B ans =

1.0000 0.0000 -0.0000

-0.0000 1.0000 -0.0000

-0.0000 0.0000 1.0000

>>A*A^-1 ans =

1.0000 0.0000 -0.0000

-0.0000 1.0000 -0.0000

-0.0000 0.0000 1.0000

12.

>>A = [4 -2 6;2 8 2;6 10 3]; X =

>>B= [8;4;0]; -1.8049

>>X = A\B 0.2927

2.6341

>>Xb=inv(A)*B Xb =

-1.8049

0.2927

2.6341

>>C=[4 2 6;-2 8 10;6 2 3] C =

4 2 6

-2 8 10

6 2 3

>>D=[8 4 0] D =

8 4 0

>>Xc=D/C Xc =
 -1.8049 0.2927 2.6341

13.

>>A=[3 6 8; 3 5 6] A =

3 6 8

3 5 6

>>B=[2 4 3; 6 3 4] B =

2 4 3

6 3 4

>>C=A.*B C =

6 24 24

18 15 24

>>D=A./B D =

1.5000 1.5000 2.6667

0.5000 1.6667 1.5000

>>E=B.^B E =

4 256 27

46656 27 256

>>F=A.*B F =

6 24 24

18 15 24

>>x=[1:8] x =

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

>>y=x.^2 + 5*x y =

6 14 24 36 50 66 84 104

>>x=[1:2:15] x =

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15

>>y=(x.^3 + 5*x)./(4*x.^2 10) y =

 Columns 1 through 7

-1.0000 1.6154 1.6667

2.0323 2.4650 2.9241
3.3964

Column 8

3.8764

>>x=[0:pi/6:pi] x =

0 0.5236 1.0472 1.5708

2.0944 2.6180 3.1416

>>y=cos(x) y =

1.0000 0.8660 0.5000

0.0000 -0.5000 -0.8660 -1.0000

14.

Function Description Example

mean(A) Returns the mean of the element A A =

along the first array dimension
3 6 8
whose size does not equal 1
3 5 6

>> mean(A)

ans =

3.00 5.50 7.00

C=max(A) Returns the largest element of A A =

3 6 8

3 5 6

>> C=max(A)

C =

3 6 8

(d,n)=max(A) Sets the maximum definable A =

number
3 6 8
 3 5 6

>> (d,n)=max(A)

ans =

3 6 8

3 5 6

min(A) Returns the smallest element of A A =

3 6 8

3 5 6

>> min(A)

ans =

3 5 6

(d,n)=min(A) Sets the minimum definable number A =

3 6 8

3 5 6

>> (d,n)=min(A)

ans =

3 6 8

3 5 6

sum(A) Returns the sum of the elements of A =

A along the first array dimension
3 6 8
whose size does not qual 1
3 5 6

>> sum(A)

ans =

6 11 14

sort(A) Sorts the elements of A in A =

ascending order
3 6 8
 3 5 6

>> sort(A)

ans =

3 5 6

3 6 8

median(A) Returns the median value of A A =

3 6 8

3 5 6

>> median(A)

ans =

3.0000 5.5000
7.0000

std(A) Returns the standard deviation of A =

the elements of A along the first
3 6 8
array dimension whose size does
not equal 1 3 5 6

>> std(A)

ans =

0 0.7071
1.4142

det(A) To get the determinant of matrix A A =

1 -2 4

-5 2 0

1 0 3

>> det(A)

ans =

-32

dot(a,b) Returns the scalar dot product of a a =

and b
 2 35 6

5 67 88

22 56 89

>> b

b =

1 -2 4

-5 2 0

1 0 3

>> dot(a,b)

ans =

-1 64 291

cross(a,b) Returns the cross product of a and a =

b
2 35 6

5 67 88

22 56 89

>> b

b =

1 -2 4

-5 2 0

1 0 3

>> cross(a,b)

ans =

115 -112 264

20 -112 338

-15 204 -352

inv(A) Computes the inverse of square A =

matrix A
 1 -2 4

-5 2 0

1 0 3

>> inv(A)

ans =

-0.1875 -0.1875
0.2500

-0.4688 0.0313
0.6250

0.0625 0.0625
0.2500

7. Conclusion:
I therefore conclude that MATLAB is a very powerful and versatile software/tool. After getting
acquainted and familiarized by following the procedures and doing the experiment, I found out that it can
solve almost every matrices and vectors of any operations. Back then, my only known way of solving the
matrices from the courses such as Linear Algebra and Advanced Mathematics manually, now I could solve
it lightning speed by simply typing the equation on the command window. You just have to learn the basic
commands and the fundamentals of MATLAB and it will greatly boost your arsenal of tools as a chemical
engineering student.
8. Assessment (Rubric for Laboratory Performance):