EE 513: ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM DESIGN units.

units. In a multiple occupancy and commercial building, the building has two (2) or more
Engr. M arites R. Pangilinan, PEE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose - This is intended for PEE, REE, and RM E who are starting to prepare electrical
plans and specifications. The following contain basic knowledge and requirements in the
electrical design of single storey and single occupancy residential building and high-rise
residential and commercial condominium buildings
1.2 Reminder - In accordance with the New Electrical Engineering Law (RA 7920),
Professional Electrical Engineer (PEE), Registered Electrical Engineer (REE), and
Registered M aster Electrician (RM E) may prepare electrical plans, specifications and
other related documents but only a PEE can sign and seal these plans, specifications, and
other related documents, and practice electrical engineering in its full scope.
commercial units. In multiple occupancy building also, the building may consist of
residential and commercial units. When the units of a multiple occupancy building are
owned by different persons or entities, such as condominium, a common administrator
has to be appointed by the owners.
2.1.2.3 Based on height or Number of Storeys (National Building Code PD 1096)
A) Low-rise one (1) storey to five (5) storey or three (3) meters to fifteen (15) meters
above established grade. Generally not requiring an elevator if the building is for
residential use.
B) Medium-rise six (6) storeys to fifteen (15) storeys or eighteen (18) meters to forty-five
(45) meters above established grade. Electric power needed for elevators.

REVIEW OF BASIC DESIGN REQUIREM ENTS
2.1.0 Definition - The definitions in PEC 1 2009 apply in this paper and only selected
additional definitions which are applicable and necessary in the design of high-rise
residential/commercial condominium building are considered.
2.1.1Building - A roofed structure, which stands alone or that is cut-off from adjoining
structures by firewalls with all openings therein are protected by approved fire doors and
which is constructed with columns, walls, and flooring, and intended for the support,
shelter or enclosures of person, animal, chattel, or property of any kind.
C) High-rise sixteen (16) storeys or more or forty-eight (48) meters or higher above
established grade. Electric power is needed for elevators, warning lights. Lightning
protection system is also required.
ELECTRICAL DESIGN OF A SINGLE STOREY, AND SINGLE OCCUPANCY
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
3.0 General The electrical design of a low-rise residential building is covered here because
the design processes, criteria, methods, requirements of the owners, architect, electric
utility, and others are almost similar to the electrical design of a high-rise condominium.

2.1.2.1 Based on Intended Use or Occupancy Design process In most cases, the electrical design starts from an architectural lay -out
and other drawings.
A) Residential A building consisting of one or more dwelling units, usually for the use of
the owner. A dwelling unit is composed of one or more rooms for the use of one or more
persons as their permanents housekeeping unit with space for eating, living, sleeping, and
permanent provisions for cooking and sanitation.

B) Commercial A building consisting of one or more commercial units for the use of the
owner and or others. A commercial unit is composed of one or more rooms for the use of
one or more persons, usually for profit making and enterprise.

C) Residential and /or Commercial Condominium a condominium building consisting

of a combination of residential and commercial units, wherein the units are designed and
constructed for independent use or ownership in accordance with the Condominium Law
(RA 4726). Furthermore, the unit owners have to form a corporation to handle mainly
their common interests.

2.1.2.2 Based on the Number of Occupancies

A) S ingle Occupancy A building with one (1) unit occupancy. In single occupancy and
3.1.1 Review of the Design Requirements The design requirements are not just
residential building, the building has only one (1) dwelling unit as shown.
whims/caprices of electrical designers, electrical utilities, municipality electrical engineers or
B) Multiple Occupancy A building with two (2) or more units of occupancies. In
electricians, and others. The following are some requirements:
multiple occupancy and residential building, the building has two (2) or more dwelling

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3.1.1.1 Location Plan The location plan will guide the electrical design engineers, inspectors e)
from the office of the local building official, inspectors from the local electric utility,
prospective bidders, and other persons who have interest in the project. f)
3.1.1.2 Electrical layout The electrical lay-out is similar to the architectural layout except
that the electrical layout contains the interconnection of the service drop/lateral, service 3.1.1.5 Design Analysis This is a computation or selection of the following:
entrance, service equipment, feeder, subfeeder, load center, panelboards, branch circuit, and
nomenclature of occupancies. a)
For larger project, the electrical layout for the service drop/lateral, service equipment, feeder,
subfeeders, load centers and panelboards are separated from the branch circuit. For large and b)
complicated projects, further separation may be necessary. c)
d)
Type and rating of main disconnecting means, overcurrent protection, and branch circuit
wiring.
Clearance and mounting height if service equipment, electric meter, panelboard and
devices.
Size/type/number of wires and size/type of conduits for branch circuits, sub-feeders,
busways, and service entrance.
Type, rating and trip setting of overload protective devices
Short circuit current and interrupting capacity of overcurrent protection device
Voltage Drop

3.1.1.6 Schedule of Loads - This is a load tabulation which indicates the following:

a) Branch circuit for each load or combination of loads

b) Rating of each load and the corresponding computations
c) Source of electric power and rating of service equipment protective device and
disconnect.
d) Number of phases, type and size of wiring
e) Service entrance, feeder, subfeeder, etc.

3.1.1.7 Single Line or Riser Diagram This shows a comprehensive interconnection, size, and
rating of the service drop and/lateral, service entrance, service equipment, feeder, subfeeders,
load centers and panelboard. This is necessary in the computation of short circuit current and
voltage drops.

3.1.1.3 Legend or Symbol These help in understanding the electrical plan. The e) Scale
recommended symbols are shown in appendix A of the PEC Part 1, 2009. However, other
symbols can be used, especially in the local symbols which are easily understood in the area.
3.1.1.4 General Notes and/or Specifications These are general requirements and shall show
the following:
3.1.1.8 Title Block This is a standard strip of 40mm height at the bottom of the sheet and
contains the following:
a) Name and location of installation project
b) Name, signature, and address of owner/manager/operator
c) Name, signature, and seal of PEE together with his PRC license number and validity.
Professional tax receipt number and Tax Identification Number
d) Sheets contents
f) Drawing and sheet number
3.1.1.9 Others The complete requirements are shown in Article 1.2 of PEC 1
NOTES ON WIRING DESIGN EXAM PLES

a) Nature of electrical service, including number of phases, number of wires, voltage, and 1. BRANCH CIRCUIT REQUIRED
frequency. a. Not more than 50 sqm with load not exceeding 3680 volt-amperes the code permits the
b) Type of wiring These include service entrance, feeders, subfeeders, and branch circuit use of only one circuit (Section 2.10.1.11(d))
wires for lighting and power load. 2. FEEDER OR S ERVICE LOAD CALCULATIONS follows the method provided in
c) Special equipment to be installed, including rating and classification of services or duty Part 2.20.2
cycle. 3. S ELECTION OF CONDUCTORS
d) M ethods of grounding a. Refer to Table 3.10.1.16 thru 3.10.1.21
b. M inimum size of service entrance conductor. See Section 2.30.4.3

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c. Conductors ampacities given in the examples (PEC) for copper wires are based on
ambient temperature of 30deg. except specified, and at least 125% of the continuous
current. Voltage drop has not been considered.
4. S ELECTION OF OVERCURRENT PROTECTION refer to Section 2.40.1.6 for
standard ratings of fuses and inverse time circuit breakers
5. S ELECTION OF CONDUIT Refer to Table C1. Conduit and Tubing Fill Tables
6. VOLTAGE Nominal voltage of 230V is used in computing the ampere load.
7. GROUNDING Refer to Table 2.50.3.17 and 2.50.6.13 for sizes of grounding
conductors and electrodes
8. ALLOWANCE FOR FUTURE EXPANS ION advisable to use a larger service
conductor to accommodate future loads depending on the anticipated expansion
m. For device or equipment terminals rated 100A or less, or for 2.0sqmm to 38 sqmm
Relevant Code Requirements conductors, terminal sizes shall be based on the 60degC temperature rating (Art
a. The ampacity of branch circuit conductors must not be less than the maximum load to be
1.10.1.14(c)(1)(a))
served (PEC Art. 2.10.2.1) n. Circuits over 100A-unless the terminals are marked otherwise, or for conductors larger
than 38sqmm equipment/device terminals rated over 100A shall be sized according to
b. The maximum load to be served by the branch circuit conductors when supplying two or 75degC temperature rating (Art 1.10.1.14(c))
more receptacles must not be more than 80% of the ampacity of the conductors. (PEC Art
2.10.2.3 (a), (b), (c)) Table 2.10.2.3(b)2)

c. The rating of a branch circuit is established or defined by the rating or setting of its
protective device. (PEC Art 2.10.2.2 (a) thru (d))

d. The ampacity of the branch circuit conductors must not be less than the rating of the
branch circuit.

e. The total load on any overcurrent device in a panelboard must not exceed 80% of the
rating of the overcurrent device.
f. Circuit conductors shall be protected against over-current in accordance to their
ampacities, but where the ampacity of the conductor does not correspond with the
standard ampere rating of a fuse or circuit breaker, the next higher rating shall be
permitted only if this rating does not exceed 800 amperes (PEC Art 2.40.1.4)
g. The normal ampacities of conductors in cable or raceways are given in PEC Table
3.10.1.16 copper and aluminum based on a 30degC ambient temperature. For ambient A. FEEDER
temperature over or under 30degC, correction factors must be considered. (to be found A feeder consists of all circuit conductors located between the service equipment, the source
just below Table 3.10.1.16) of a separately derived system, or other power supply source and the final branch circuit
h. These normal ampacities may have to be reduced or derated where there are more than overcurrent device.
three conductors in a cable or raceway. This means a change in ampacities of circuit
conductors (Table 3.10.1.15(b)(2)a) B. Branch circuit
A branch circuit is the circuit conductors between the final overcurrent device protecting the
i. The current permitted to be carried by the branch circuit may have to be reduced if the circuit and the outlet.
load is continuous. This does not mean a change in the ampacities of the conductor but
the rule refers to a limit of the load to be carried by the conductors.
j. Continuous load refers to a load that operates for three hours or more such as store
lighting, office lighting and similar lighting loads.
k. Overcurrent protection for any single non-motor operated appliance with ratings of 10
amperes or more must not be more than 150% of its ampere rating.
l. General purpose receptacle outlet other than dwelling shall be taken as a load of 180va
for each single or for each multiple receptacle on one yoke. (Art 2.20(k))

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 requirements can be accommodated in two (2) sets of size 500mm x 760mm sheets, without
overcrowding the electrical plan.

3.2.2 Electrical Calculation (Residential Units)

Single Family Dwelling Unit Up to 150sqm floor area (Not more than 6 circuits)
The dwelling has a floor area of 9x8 sqm. It has typical household appliances and laundry
including one unit 1.5hp room air conditioning unit.
Compute for:
a. General lighting load
a1. Branch circuit wires
a2. Overcurrent protective device
a3. Size of conduit
page 83

3.2.2 Electrical Calculation (Residential Units)

3.2.2.1 General lighting load

a) Load = 72sqm x 24 VA/sqm = 1728 VA
(See page 350 and 351) Where: 72sqm is the floor area as shown in the architectural layout and 24 VA is the unit load
for dwelling units as per Table 2.20.2.3

I (load) = 1728/230 = 7.51 Amperes

b) Provide one (1) 20A branch circuit. Although a 15AT circuit breaker is adequate for the
computed load, a 20AT circuit breaker is used to take care of expected high usage of
home appliances. Refer to Section 2.40.1.6 for standard ampere trip ratings of circuit
breakers.

c) Use 2 #3.5sqmm copper TW branch circuit conductors. Please refer to Table 3.10.1.16
for ampacity.
Page 350
d) Use 15mm dia rigid PVC conduit. Refer to Table C10 for size of conduit which can
accommodate 2 #3.5sqmm copper TW.
page 1577
3.2.2.2 Small Appliance Load

a) Load = 20A @ 1500 VA = 1500 VA

Where 1500VA is as per Section 2.20.3.13(a)
I(Load)= 1500/230=6.52 Amperes

b) Provide (1) 20A small appliance branch circuit as per Section 2.10.1.11(1) or Section
(See page 1576 and 1577) 2.10.3.3(b)(1). Refer also to Section 2.40.1.6 for ampere trip ratings of circuit breakers

3.2 Detailed Design c)
3.2.1 Preparations With the architectural lay-out and other drawings, the development of the
initial electrical design starts. A preliminary arrangement of the electrical plan requirements
helps in the determination of the number of drawing sets to be prepared to avoid overcrowding d)
in the electrical plan. Considering the size of this building, the entire electrical plan
Use 2#3.5mm2 copper, TW branch circuit conductors. Refer to Table 3.10.1.16 for
ampacity of the conductor
Use 15mm dia. Rigid PVC conduit. Refer to Table C10 for size conduit which can
accommodate 2#3.5mm2 copper TW

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3.2.2.3 Laundry Load IT(load) = 3604.8 VA + 2300VA = 5904.8 VA
I = 5904.8VA / 230 = 25.7A
a) Load = 20A@1500VA = 1500VA Note: The 5904.8VA is considered continuous load because a demand factor is already applied
Where 1500 volt amperes is as per Section 2.20.3.13(b) to all the loads.
I (Load) = 1500VA/230V = 6.52 Amperes
(Total connected load = General lighting and CO + small appliance + laundry + other loads)
b) Use (1) 20A branch circuit as per Section 2.10.1.11(2) = 1728VA + 1500VA + 1500VA + 2300VA = 7028VA

c) Use 2#3.5mm2, copper, TW, branch circuit conductors. Refer to Table 3.10.1.16 for 3.2.2.8 Circuit Requirements provide four (4) 2 wire branch circuits for:
ampacity of the conductors. General Lighting, 20AT, 1P
Small appliance, 20AT, 1P
d) Use 15mm dia. Rigid PVC Conduit. Refer to Table C10 for size of conduit which can Laundry, 20AT,1P
accommodate 2#3.5mm2 copper, TW Room aircon (ACU), 20AT, 1P

3.2.2.4 Sum of connected load for general lighting, small appliance & laundry 3.2.2.9 Service Entrance Conductors
Connected load = 1728VA+1500VA+1500VA = 4728VA
a) I (Service entrance) = Continuous load x 125% + Non-Continuous Load. Refer to Section
3.2.2.5 Demand Load for the three (3) loads above (3.2.2.4) 2.30.4.3(a)(1)
Demand Load = First 3000VA at 100% plus reminder at 35% I (Continuous load) = 5904.8VA/230=25.7A
= (3k VA x 100%) + (4728-3000)VA x 35% I (Non-continuous load) = 0
= 3k VA + (1.728VA)35% I (Service Entrance) = 25.7A x 125% + 0 = 32.1A
= 3k VA + 604.8VA
= 3604.8 VA b) Use two (2) #8sqmm copper THW wires. Refer to Table 3.10.1.16 for conductor
I(demand load) = 3604.8VA/230 = 15.7A ampacity. THW insulation is used because the chances of the service entrance
Where the 100% and 35% demand factors are as per Table 2.20.3.3 encountering more heat is greater than the branch circuit inside each unit.

3.2.2.6 Other Loads c) Use 20mm dia. PVC conduit except the supply side of service meter, which shall be
galvanized rigid steel conduit as per requirement of M eralco.
a) One (1) 1.5hp room ACU, single phase 10A x 230V = 2300VA Refer to Table C10 for rigid PVC conduit and Table C8 for rigid steel conduit size which
Where 10A is as per Table 4.30.14.2 can accommodate 2 #8sqmm copper, THW.

b) Rating of branch circuit protective device = 250% x 10A = 25A
Where 250% is the maximum inverse time rating of the breaker as per Table 4.30.4.2. Provide
one (1) 20A branch circuit for the room air-conditioner. Please note that 25AT circuit breaker
is not yet available, and hence the 20AT available circuit breaker, which is the next lower
rating is used (***see note). Refer to Section 2.40.1.6 for ampere trip ratings of circuit
breakers.
See page 104, page 700
c) Use 2 #3.5sqmm copper TW branch circuit conductors. Refer to Table 3.10.1.16 for the
ampacity of the conductor.
d) Use 15mm dia. Rigid PVC conduit. Refer to Table C10 for size of conduit which can
accommodate 2 #3.5sqmm copper, TW.
e) The room ACU is 100% demand factor. Refer to Section 2.20.4.3(c)(1).
3.2.2.7 Total computed continuous load
3.2.2.10 Service Equipment
a) M aximum current rating of protective device. Refer to Section 4.30.5.2, Section
4.30.5.3(1), and Section 4.30.5.3(3)
Non-Time Delay Fuse: I = (15.7A+300%(10A)) = 45.7A
Inverse-time Circuit Breaker: I = (15.7A+250%(10A)) = 40.1A
Where 15.7A is the I (demand load) excluding the full load current of the 1.5hp ACU, 300%
and 250% are as per Table 4.30.4.2 and 10A is the full load current of the 1.5hp, 230V, room
ACU as per Table 4.30.14.2
b) One (1) 40AT, 1P, 250V circuit breaker is already complying but there is no need for
main circuit breaker for the service equipment, considering that there are four(4) branch
circuit breaker only. However, this panelboard shall be marked /approved as service
equipment.
c) Circuit Breaker at Private Pole
The distance of the utility secondary line to the building is 16m (Refer to Figure location
Plan), and hence a private pole with circuit breaker has to be provided in accordance with
M eralco standards. Provide one (1) 40AT,1P ,250V moulded case circuit breaker which shall

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serve as a disconnecting means and protection for the wires from the private pole to the
service equipment, when required.

NEM A National Electrical M anufacturer Association

3.2.3.4 General Notes / Specifications Note this can be included in Electrical Wiring layout
Sheet
a. All electrical works shall be done in accordance with the Philippine Electrical Code
3.2.3.2 Location Plan this has to be incorporated in the electrical plans Part 1, latest edition, the requirements of the municipality of __________ and the
M anila Electric Company.
3.2.3.3 Legend this should be included in the electrical wiring layout sheet b. The electrical works shall be done by a Registered M aster Electrician (RM E) or
Registered Electrical Engineer (REE) or Professional Electrical Engineer (PEE) or
skilled electrical practitioner but under the supervision of RM E, REE, PEE.
c. M aterials, devices, and equipment shall be new and shall be in conformance with the
Philippine Standards or listed by an organization which is acceptable to the authority
having jurisdiction.
d. The electrical service shall be 230V, line to ground (***see NOTE), single phase
***Depends on the location of the project. The service can be 230V line to line with ground.
e. The service equipment and all other equipment shall be provided with adequate and
proper grounding
f. Conductors and conduits shall be as indicated in the computation load schedule or
single line diagram
g. All wiring shall be in PVC conduit and shall be embedded when running thru
concrete except when otherwise noted.

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 h. Service Entrance conduit, from the service head to the electric meter, shall be
exposed galvanized rigid steel conduit
i. All wiring devices shall be flush mounted and grounding type
j. M ounting height of convenience outlets shall be 300mm from the floor level
k. Layout dimensions are approximate and intended as installation guides only
l. All inconsistencies shall be brought to the attention of the PEE who signed and
sealed the drawings, computations, load schedule, specifications, and other
documents.
3.2.4 Size of Grounding - The size of grounding in a building is covered by the following
Sections and Tables
3.2.4.1 Grounded Service Conductor
Section 2.20.3.22 Feeder or Service Neutral Load The grounded service entrance conductor
is the same as the phase service entrance conductor. And hence, the grounded service
conductor is #8mm2 THW copper which is the same as the phase conductor
3.2.4.2 Grounding Electrode - Use grounding rod, steel, 16mm diameter x 2.4m long in
accordance with Section 2.50.3.3(a)(5)
3.2.4.3 Grounding Electrode conductor - Section 2.50.3.17 and Table 2.50.3.17
This is based on the size of the service entrance conductors which is #8mm2 THW, and hence,
from Table 2.50.3.17, the size of the grounding electrode conductor is #8mm2 THW
Page 223
3.2.4.4 Service Equipment Bonding jumper Refer to Section 2.50.2.9(d), 2.50.5.13 and
Table 2.50.3.17 This is based on the size of the service entrance conductors. The size of the
service entrance conductor is #8mm2 THW and hence from Table 2.50.3.17, the size of
service equipment bonding jumper is 8mm2 THW
Page 241
3.2.4.5 Grounded branch circuit conductor - This is the same as the grounded conductor
because this grounded conductor is the path.
3.2.4.6 Equipment grounding conductor - Table 2.50.6.13 is based on the rating or setting of
automatic overcurrent device ahead of equipment conduit, devices, etc. For 20AT branch
circuit the equipment grounding conductor is 3.5mm2 copper, TW
3.2.4.7 M ain Bonding jumper Section 2.50.2.9(d) and Table 2.50.3.17
3.2.5 Voltage Drop Calculations
3.2.5.1 Design Criteria In the computation of the voltage drops, the following are the design
criteria:
A) Branch Circuit - computations are based on 3% maximum voltage drop from the
distribution panel to the farthest outlet of the branch circuit. Please refer to section
2.10.2.1(a), FPN#4. Please note that the service equipment is the same as the distribution
panel in this example (***see Note)
***Note: In other installations, the service equipment is located outside of the premises and
the distribution board or panelboard is located inside the dwelling.
B) Feeder Circuit - Computations are based on 3% maximum voltage drop from the service
equipment to the distribution panel. Please refer to section 2.15.1.2(a)(3), FPN#2. Please
note that the service equipment is the same as the distribution panel in this example
C) Feeder and Branch Circuit - Computations are based on 5% maximum voltage drop from
the service equipment to the farthest branch circuit outlet. And hence, if the voltage drop
at the feeder is 3% then the maximum voltage drop at the branch circuit is only 2% or
vice versa.
However in this example, there is no feeder circuit but only a branch circuit. Hence, the
maximum voltage drop from the service equipment to the farthest outlet is only 3%.
D) Service Equipment - Computations are based on 5% maximum voltage drop from the
nominal voltage which is app roved by the Energy Regulatory Commission. Please refer
to section 16(a)(1) of ERB Resolution #95-21 known as Standard Rules and Regulation
Governing the Operation of Electrical Power Services
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 Where 2 ohms per 305m is the unit resistance of the conductor (#3.5mm2 ) as shown in Table
9.1.1.9. To facilitate the computations, only the resistance is considered. The factor 2 takes
care of the return path.
The actual computed voltage is complying because the allowable maximum voltage drop
= 230V ( 100%-5%) x 3%
=218.5 x 3%
= 6.6volts

Voltage Drop calculations are necessary because the voltage at the supply side of the
equipment may not be adequate to operate the equipment such as motor loads, fluorescent
lamps and others. If not adequate, the necessary adjustments in the supply transformer, in
the size of conductors and others may be done.

SHORT CIRCUIT CALCULATION

Short Circuit Calculations
When the fault occurs at any point of the electrical system, it may result to fires, loss of
lives, properties, and others. Hence, the electrical protection shall be provided with
adequate short circuit ratings and this can be achieved through calculations of the
available or expected short circuit current at strategic points in the electrical system.

3.2.6.1 Impedance/ Resistance Diagram The single line diagram of the electrical
system of a building is the basis for the impedance/ resistance diagram, which is needed
in the computation of short circuit current. The single line diagram shows the size of
conductor used, and hence, most resistances/ impedances can be determined. From the
figure, the impedances which limit short circuit current up to the farthest outlet are the
following:

Page 1506

3.2.5.2 Computation - In the figure, the effective length of 20A branch circuit for convenience
outlets is 24m. The branch circuit current, as computed, is 7.51A as indicated in the Load
Schedule. Considering that there is no feeder circuit as shown in the single line diagram, the
voltage drop to be computed is only for the branch circuit. Hence,
Voltage Drop = IR
Impedance Diagram
= 7.51A x 24m x (2ohms/305m) x 2
= 7.51A x 0.16ohms x 2
= 2.4 volts
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Zs the impedance from the source to the distribution transformer = 100KVA/0.23KV
= 434.78 pu
Zs (per unit) = KVA base In order to arrive at the value of the short circuit current, the ZT has to be computed which is
------------------------------------------------------- composed of
Available short circuit capacity in the Area A) Zs (pu) = 100KVA/1,000,000 KVA
Where : short circuit capacity is normally available from the electric utility = 0.0001
Zt the impedance of 100KVA distribution transformer which supplies power. Where 1,000,000KVA (**see note) is the available short circuit current KVA at the M eralco
electrical system in the area. In several areas of the M eralco franchise, 1,000,000KVA is also
The value is either in per unit (pu) or in percentage (%) which is converted to pu by dividing the available short circuit KVA. :
the percentage by 100. The value is indicated in the nameplate and available from the utility or **Note: In my previous power system design analysis works involving M eralco franchise, the
manufacturers catalogs. available M VA short circuit is about 500M VA. Nevertheless, using 1,000 M VA will just yield
a value of higher fault at the point of connection, which means a higher interrupting capacity
Zdl the impedance of the secondary distribution line, not readily available of circuit breaker is required.

Zsd the impedance of the service drop, not readily available

Zse1-the impedance of the service entrance from the circuit breaker to fault point F1

Zse2-the impedance of the service entrance from the circuit breaker to fault point F2

Zbc-the impedance of the branch circuit conductor from the service equipment to the
farthest outlet

Z (per unit) = Z (ohms) x KVA base

---------------------------------
(KV Base)(KV Base) x 1000

Please refer to Table 9.1.1.9 for the impedance of the given size of conductor. The value of
Zdl and Zsd are data which are not readily available and can be reasonably assumed to be zero
in the computations. With this zero assumption, the electrical designer is at the higher and
safer side. Hence the remaining impedances / resistances to limit the fault current are Zs, Zt,
Zse1,Zse2 only.

Our concerns are the available short circuit current at the service equipment designated as F1
and at the private pole outside the building designated as F2 in order that the interrupting and
momentary current rating of the circuit breakers concerned can be specified.

The genral formula is Fault Current = I (base)

--------------
ZT (per unit)

Where ZT is the total impedance / resistance from the power source to the fault point,
furthermore ZT is in per unit at the same base with the current.

3.2.6.2 Computations For easier computations, the data of the 100kva transformer are used
as the base, hence, all values are referred to this transformer.

I (Available short circuit current) = I (Base) / ZT (pu)

I (Base) = KVA (Base) /KV (Base)

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 B) Zt (per unit) = 0.06 given data of transformer F) Fault current at F1
I = 434.8A/ (Zs+Zt+Zse2+Zse1)
C) Zse1 (ohms) = (0.78 ohm / 305m) x 26.72m x 2 = 434.8A/ (0.0001+0.06+0.045+0.259)
= 0.1372 ohms = 434.8A/ 0.364
Where, = 1,194.5Amperes
(1) 0.78 / 305m is the impedance of the service entrance conductor (#8mm2) in rigid PVC
conduit as per Table 9.1.1.9. Please note that only the resistance is used to facilitate HIGH RISE RESIDENTIAL/COM M ERCIAL CONDOM INIUM BUILDINGS
computation.
I. GENERAL
(2) 26.72 is the approximate length of the service entrance from the fault point F1 to the
circuit breaker at the private concrete pole. The electrical system design of a unit in a high rise residential/ commercial condominium
building is similar to the design of a single storey and single occupancy residential building.
(3) 2 is the multiplier to take care of the return path of the single phase circuit The typical floor plan of a residential unit in a high-rise residential/ commercial condominium
building is shown in the drawing (s)

Z (per unit) = Z (ohms) x KVA (base) This covers the design of the electrical system of a condominium building with consideration
---------------------------------- of the size of the total load, the requirements of the owner/ developer, the requirements of the
(KV Base)(KV Base) x1000 different engineering disciplines, the requirements of the local building official, the
requirements of the electric utility, etc. It is necessary to review the design processes and the
Zse1 (pu) = (0.1372ohm) x (100KVA) design criteria.
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(0.23 x 0.23) x (1000) II. Design Process
= 0.259 pu 2.1.0 General - The basic processes in the design of the electrical power system of a high rise
residential/commercial condominium building is similar to the design of a single storey and
D) Zse2 (ohms) = ( 0.78 ohm/ 305m) x 4.6m x 2 = 0.024 ohms single occupancy residential building. In the high rise building, additional processes have to be
Where, followed because of additional data to consider. The computations are derived heavily on
(1) 0.78 / 305m is the impedance of the service entrance conductor (#8mm2) in rigid PVC single storey and single occupancy residential building.
conduit as per Table 9.1.1.9. Please note that only the resistance is used to facilitate
computation. 2.1.1 Load Study The initial load study of a residential commercial condominium building is
(2) 4.6m is the approximate length of the service entrance from the fault point F2 to the needed in order to have a basis in the coordination works, especially in the electric utility
service point at the private concrete pole. company, which has different requirements, depending on the size of the load. The initial load
(3) 2 is the multiplier to take care of the return path of the single phase circuit comes from:
Z (per unit) = Z (ohms) x KVA (base)
---------------------------------- 2.1.1.1 Load from previous feasibility studies of the consultant/owner
(KV Base)(KV Base) x1000
2.1.1.2 Load per unit area as required by PEC 1 or experience of the electrical designer
Zse2 (pu) = (0.024ohm) x (100KVA)
---------------------------------- 2.1.1.3 Load requirement which are specified by the National building Code (PD#1096),
(0.23 x 0.23) x (1000) municipality ordinance, etc
= 0.045 pu
2.1.1.4 Load specified/ identified by the owner/ architectural/ mechanical engineers/sanitaty
E) Fault current at F2 engineers, etc
I (Available short circuit current) = I (Base) / ZT (pu)
2.1.1.5 Total applied load This is the sum of the net load of items 2.1.1.1 to 2.1.1.4 above.
I = 434.8A/ (Zs+Zt+Zse2) However, please note that the load in one(1) item may be a duplicate of the other items. The
= 434.8A/ (0.0001+0.06+0.045) applied load will determine to a large extent the applicable standard/ policies of the electric
= 434.8A/ 0.1501 utility which will provide the electric power supply of the project.
= 4,137.01Amperes

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2.1.2 Review of PEC1 requirements The electrical plans and specifications requirements are
the same.
2.1.3 Coordination works
2.1.3.1 Local electric utility
A) Available service voltage and phase voltage
A1. 400/230V, 4-wire, grounded Three(3) phase
B) Available padmounted transformer capacities
B1. 500KVA, 3-phase, 34.5/19.9KV-400/230Y
B2. 750KVA, 3-phase, 34.5/19.8KV-400/230Y
B3. 1000KVA, 3-phase, 34.5/19.8KV-400/230Y
B4. Only 2-1000KVA, 3-phase, 34.5/19.8KV-400/230Y
C) Entry points and location of transformer vault
C1. Entry point shall be at the side where the existing electric utility facilities are located. If
not, this will result to a longer extension of facilities
C2. Direct access to transformer vault from outside the building, shall be provided
C3. The transformer vault shall be located either at the following: Ground floor, Second floor
provided with hoisting facilities. First basement provided there is a second basement below.
D) Dimension of the transformer vault
- the minimum dimensions of the vault shall be as follows:
D1. 3.5 meters(height) x 4.4 meters(width) x 5.5 meters(length)
D2. 3.0 meters(height) x 4.4 meters(width) x 6.5 meters(length)
D3. Walls, roofs and floors shall be 150mm thick reinforced concrete.
When the vault is constructed with the vacant space or storey below it, the floor shall have
adequate structural strength for the load imposed
E) M etering schemes- the following are the allowed applicable metering scheme:
E1. Secondary multi-meter per floor This scheme is allowed for residential/ commercial
condominium building which has a minimum of thirty (30) storeys or a minimum of three
hundred (300) condominium units. Furthermore, the main service conductor for residential
units shall be a busduct with a uniform size from the main service circuit breaker to the
highest floor of a condominium building.
E2. Secondary multi-meter in one (1) floor This scheme is applicable to residential
condominium building which has less than thirty (30) floors or less than three hundred (300)
condominium units. The allowed floors where these meters are installed are ground floor,
second floor provided with hoisting facilities and first basement provided there is a second
basement below it.
E3. Secondary single metering This scheme is an option of the developer/owner, however,
most buyers/owners of condo units prefer that they be billed directly by the electric utility.
E4. Primary single metering
2.1.3.2 Local Building Official
2.1.3.2.1 Registration of Professional Electrical Engineer (PEE) there are cities/
municipalities which do not recognize if not registered in their cities/ municipalities
2.1.3.2.2 Fees The fees for electrical permit, certificate of Final Electrical Inspection, etc, are
prescribed by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) and will be sent to the
local building official for implementation. In addition, the cities/ municipalities may set their
own fees in accordance with their ordinances and other lawful requirements.
2.1.3.2.3 Others The cities/ municipalities may have other technical requirements in
accordance with their ordinances.
2.1.3.3 Technical Disciplines
2.1.3.3.1 Architect/ Owner the electrical designer needs the following data from the
architect:
a) Designated occupancies and available space for the electrical equipment, including space
for the electrical conduit runs
b) The space dimensions (height, width, length)
2.1.3.3.2 M echanical Engineers
a) Location, size and rating of fire fighting equipment such as fire pumps, jockey pumps,
etc.
2.1.3.3.3 Communication Engineers
a) Location, size and rating of telecom equipment
2.1.3.3.4 Others concerned technical people who are responsible for:
a) Emergency loads, such as jockey pump, fire pump, fire alarm system, exit lights, stairway
lights and night loads
b) Essential loads, such as selected lights in critical areas, sump pump, closed-circuit TV,
and UPS
2.2 DES IGN CRITERIA
2.2.0 General This is an agreement, between the electrical consultant/ designer and the
owner/ developer, including the architect or other engineering disciplines which are the basis
of the electrical design. This is necessary to avoid costly changes resulting from unconfirmed
assumptions/ basis.
2.2.1 Normal power supply from M eralco (Project is within M eralco franchise area)
a) Each condominium building will be supplied from an underground 34.5/19.9KV, 4W
distribution system through a p ad mounted transformer rated 34.5/19.9KV-400/230V,4W
60HZ. The transformer capacity will be based on the demand load for the building.
b) Each residential and commercial units will be metered and billed directly by M eralco
c) All administration loads such as load for elevators, hallways, lobbies, parking.
Domestic water pumps, social hall, common toilets and other common loads will have one (1)
meter and will be billed directly by M eralco.
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d) The metering scheme shall be secondary multi-metering per floor, considering that the
residential condominium building is not less than thirty (30) storeys high. This metering
scheme complies with M eralco policy/guidelines.
e) Other requirements shall be in accordance with M eralco standard/ policies.

2.2.2 Space/ area for M eralco pad mounted transformers, meters and accessories, which will
be provided by the applicant owner/ developer
a) Transformer vault The dimension will depend on the size and quantity of pad mounted
transformers
b) Electrical/ metering room The dimension will depend also on the size and quantity of
meters.
c) Roadways direct access to the transformer vault from the outside of the building and
without any intervention of personnel of the building or compound.
d) for large development project, whjch contains several residential/ commercial
condominium buildings, a substation lot of at least 3,600 sq meters shall be donated to
M eralco when the total demand load for the project is 10M W or more.
e) Other requirements will be in accordance with M eralco standard/policies.

2.2.3 Standby Generator When the normal power supply is interrupted, the following loads
will be connected to the emergency standby generator of the condominium building:

2.2.3.1 Standby generator in operation and no fires occur

a) Lighting on hallways, lobbies, fire exits, stairways, parking. Common toilets, and other
common areas.
b) Four (4) elevator units
c) Domestic water pump and booster pump
d) Jockey pump, with code letter (E)
e) Warning lights above the rooftop

2.2.3.2 Standby generator in operation and fire occur

a) Lighting on hallways, lobbies, fire exits, stairways, parking. Common toilets, and other
common areas.
b) Jockey pump, with code letter (E)
c) Warning lights above the rooftop

2.2.4 Rating of Loads

a) Loads in the residential/ commercial units are rated 230V, line to neutral single phase
b) Lighting and convenience outlet loads, for Administration are rated 230V, line to neutral
single phase
c) M otor loads, for administration are rated 400V, three phase
SEATWORK

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 DES IGN : S INGLE FAMILY DWELLING
S ee NOTES ON WIRING DES IGN EXAMPLES

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