Abstract- Power quality deals with utilization of electric disturbance [1]. Power quality may also be defined as
energy from the distribution system successfully without the improvement of bus voltage, usually a load bus
interference or interruption. Various factors like voltage, to maintain that voltage to be a sinusoid at
interruption in power supply, under voltage, over voltage, rated voltage and frequency. Various factors like
unbalanced voltage or current, harmonic distortion,
interruption in power supply, under voltage, over
flickering voltage, voltage fluctuation voltage sag etc.
voltage, unbalanced voltage or current, harmonic
result in poor power quality. These power quality related
problems can be solved with the help of various custom distortion, flickering voltage, voltage fluctuation
power devices. Voltage sags are considered to be the most voltage sag etc. result in poor power quality. Voltage
common type of disturbances in the field based on sags are the most common power disturbance whose
current power disturbances studies. Their impact on effect is quite severe especially in industrial and large
sensitive loads is rigorous. The impact ranges from load commercial customers such as the damage of the
disruptions to financial losses. In spite of the technical sensitivity equipments and loss of daily productions and
advances in electronics, there are some pieces of finances. Voltage sag occurs due to reduction in voltage
equipment that are so sensitive that they are unable to magnitude for certain time period. Voltage sag is also
withstand voltage sags. There are many varies methods to
known as voltage dips. Voltage sag is defined as a
mitigate voltage sags, but a Custom Power Supply device
decrease in root mean square voltage, (RMS) to values
is considered to be the most efficient method. This
dissertation is the study of Dynamic Voltage Restorer between 0.1 p.u to 0.9 p.u for durations of 0.5 to 1
(DVR) which is the most efficient and effective device to minute [2]. The prime interest about voltage sags is
protect sensitive equipment against voltage sags. It has their effect on sensitive electrical devices, such as
low cost, smaller size and it has dynamic response to the personal computers, adjustable speed drives,
disturbance. programmable logic controllers, and other power
Keywords- Voltage sag, DVR, power system, mitigation electronic equipment. The least sensitive loads failed
when the voltage dropped to 30 % of the specified
I. INTRODUCTION
voltage. On the other hand, the most sensitive
Power system should ensure good quality of electric components failed when the voltage dropped to 80-86
power supply, which means voltage and current % of rated value. Utilities responsible for voltage sag
waveforms should be balanced and sinusoidal. include operation of circuit breakers, equipment failure,
Additionally, the voltage levels on the system should be transmission/distribution system faults, bad weather,
within practical limits, generally within 5% of their and industrial plant operation. FACTS devices like
rated value. If the voltage is more or less than this pre- static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), static
specified value, performance of equipments is synchronous series compensator (SSSC) [3-4], interline
sacrificed. Power quality is defined as the condition of power flow controller (IPFC), and unified power flow
voltages and system design so that the customer of controller (UPFC) etc are used to improve the power
electric power can utilize electric energy from the quality. These FACTS devices are planned for the
distribution system effectively without interference or transmission system, but now days more concentration
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is on the distribution system for the improvement of The power circuit of DVR shows in fig.1 consist of five
power quality; these devices are customized and known main essential components [6]; Storage Devices,
as custom power devices. The superior custom power is Voltage Source Inverter (VSI), Passive Filters, By-Pass
dynamic voltage Restorer (DVR). Switch, Voltage Injection Transformers
The basic idea of DVR is that by means of an injecting III. MODELING OF DVR IN MATLAB
transformer a control voltage is generated by a forced
commuted convertor which is in series to the bus To validate the implementation of DVR, a MATLAB
simulation is carried out. Fig. 2 shows a block diagram
voltage. A regulated DC voltage source is provided by a
which represents three phase, 11kv, 50 Hz source
battery which acts an energy storage device [5]. Under
voltage having Phase-to-phase RMS voltage of 11000
normal operating conditions when there is no voltage
V, source resistance of 0.8 , source inductance of
sags, DVR provides very less magnitude of voltage to
16.5e-3 H, with distribution line R,L parameters as
compensate for the voltage drop of transformer and
R=0.8929 ohm and L=16.58e-4 H. Three phase to
device losses. But when there is a voltage sag in
ground fault has been created on distribution line. Fault
distribution system, DVR will generate a required
timing can directly be defined from the dialog box or by
controlled voltage of high magnitude and desired phase
applying an external logical signal. Firstly the
angle which ensures that load voltage is uninterrupted
simulation was done without DVR and a three phase
and is maintained. The DVR is capable of generating or
fault is applied to the system at point with fault
absorbing reactive power but the reactive power
resistance of 4 ohm and for time duration of 0.2 sec to
injection of the device must be provided by an external
0.7 sec. Fig.3 shows both volatge and current
energy source or energy storage system. The response
waveforms on occurrence of L-L-L-G fault in the
time of DVR is very short and is limited by the power
system. The second simulation model has been
electronics devices and the voltage sag detection time.
developed for the same system as discussed above but
The expected response time is about 25 milliseconds,
now a DVR is introduced at the load side to compensate
and which is much less than some of the traditional
the voltage sag occurred due to the three phase to
methods of voltage correction such as tap-changing
ground fault. Fig. 4 below shows that the voltage
transformers.
profile has been compensated during the fault time by
using the proposed DVR model
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Scope2 Scope9
C ontinuous [A]
powergui Goto
A a A Vabc
A A A
Iabc
B B B B b B a A Vabc
Iabc
b B a
A
C C C C c C c b B
Three-Phase C c
Three-Phase Source 11000/400 V Three-Phase C
11kV 50HZ Series RL Parameters 15KVA Three-Phase
V-I Measurement
A2+
B2+
A2
B2
C2+
C2
Three-Phase
V-I Measurement3 Series RL Load
400V 1KW 500VAR
400/400 V
A1+
B1+
C1+
A
A1
B1
C1
1000VA
B
C
Three-Phase Fault
Conn1
From
Conn3
DVR
Fig. 2. Generation of voltage sag due a three phase fault in the distribution line without DVR.
Fig. 3. Three phase per unit line voltage and current waveform without DVR for instantaneous sag
49
.
Fig. 4 Three phase per unit load voltage and current waveform with DVR for instantaneous sag.
V. REFERENCES
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