Mnemonic:

Mechanism of action of antibiotics (Protein synthesis inhibitors) mnemonic

A protein synthesis inhibitor is a substance that stops or slows the growth or proliferation
of cells by disrupting the processes that lead directly to the generation of new proteins.

How do you remember them?

Aminoglycosides:
A is the 1st letter, thus Aminoglycosides inhibit Initiation (the first step of translation).
Prevents formation of the initiation complex.

Tetracyclines (TTC):
tRNA Tries but cant.
Prevents the aminoacyl-tRNA from attaching to the A site of the ribosome.

ChloramPhenicol:
The only one with a P, thus the only one inhibiting Peptide bond formation
(by peptidyltransferase).

Macrolides:
Prevent the Movement of ribosomes.
Prevents translocation.

Clindamycin:
Makes ribosomes Cling to mRNA.
Prevents translocation.

Lincomycin:
Like erythromycin.
Prevents translocation.

Linezolid:
Like an aminoglycoside
Prevents initiation.

For those you can't remember which subunit -

"buy AT 30, CELL at 50"
A = Aminoglycosides
T = Tetracyclines
30 = 30S

C = Chloramphenicol,
E = Erythromycin (macrolides)
L = Linezolid
L = cLindamyin
50 = 50S

Note: Aminoglycosides also attach to the 30-50S juncture causing misreading and that's
why it's cidal ^_^

TETRACYCLINE MNEMONIC
The C in the Cycline part of tetracycline can help us remember the following important
information about it;

1) Children = avoid(can cause tooth & bone problem)

2) Childbirth = contraindicated in pregnancy (liver dysfunction)

3) Chelator = for divalent cations (Ca,Mg which can dec its absorption)

4) Candidiasis & Colitis = superinfections can occur

5) Chlamydia = used for it

Tetracycline uses mnemonic

Tetracycline - VACUUM Her BedRoom

Tularemia
Vibrio Cholerae - Drug of Choice
Acne
Chlamydiae - Drug of Choice (and other STDs)
Ureaplasma
Urealyticum
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

H. Pylori
Borrelia Burgdorferi (Early Stage Lyme Disease) - Drug of Choice
Brucella
Rickettsiae (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever) - Drug of Choice

Also used for -

Malaria
Gonococcal Infection
Prophylaxis of Chronic Bronchitis
Do not take with Milk, Antacid, Iron-containing preps since divalent cations inhibit its
absorption into gut.
 MACROLIDE

MECHANISM : Macrolide attaches to 50 s ribosome and block the translocation of peptide

chain containing T RNA from A site to P site .

One must know about the TRANSLATION process happening in the bacterial cell to
understand the above mechanism .

DRUGS :
1. Erythromycin
2. Roxithromycin
3. Clarithromycin
4. Azithromycin
5. Tacrolimus ( it is an immunosuppresant as well )
6. Spiramycin
PHARMACOKINETICS:

1. All drugs are taken orally except spiramycin .

2. Metabolised in liver
3. These drugs are excreted in bile except Clarithromycin in urine.
4. Do not cross blood brain barrier
5. Crosses placenta

USES:
MACROLIDES ARE BROAD SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS.

They are the drug of choices for the following:

1. C - Chancroid by Haemophilus ducreyi , Corneybacterium , Campylobacter
2. L - Legionella
3. A - Atypical pneumonia
4. W- Whooping cough by Bordetella pertusis.
Mnemonic to remember the uses is CLAW .

Azithromycin has extended spectrum of uses :

1. H.influenza
2. Nesseria gonnorrhoea
3. Urogenital infection by Chlamydia
Clarithromycin used as prophylaxis and treatment of Mycobacterium avium and H.pylori

Spiramycin is drug of choice for toxoplasmosis in PREGNANCY.

ADVERSE EFFECTS :
1. ERYTHROMYCIN causes diarrhoea due to Motilin Stimulation.
2. Erythromycin causes ACUTE CHOLESTATIC HEPATITIS
3. Erythromycin , Clarithromycin , Roxithromycin causes microsomal enzyme
inhibition .
ALL THESE ADVERSE EFFECTS ARE ABSENT IN AZITHROMYCIN .

Chloramphenicol: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBAq6j545IQ

Clindamycin: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FaXT6LORVn0

Fluoroquinolone: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HgUk6RF1sEM