UNIT -3

Understand basic definitions, uses and few applications of the following terms/technologies,
using internet source:
1. remote sensing" generally refers to the use of satellite- or aircraft-based sensor
technologies to detect and classify objects on Earth, including on the surface and in
the atmosphere and oceans, based on propagated signals (e.g. electromagnetic radiation). It
may be split into "active" remote sensing (i.e., when a signal is emitted by a satellite or
aircraft and its reflection by the object is detected by the sensor) and "passive" remote
sensing (i.e., when the reflection of sunlight is detected by the sensor)

2. A geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store,

manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data.

3. The Internet of things (IoT) is the network of physical devices, vehicles, and other
items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network
connectivity which enable these objects to collect and exchange data.
4. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a geophysical method that uses radar pulses
to image the subsurface. This nondestructivemethod uses electromagnetic radiation in
the microwave band(UHF/VHFfrequencies) of the radio spectrum, and detects the reflected
signals from subsurface structures.
5. GPR can have applications in a variety of media, including rock, soil, ice, fresh water,
pavements and structures. In the right conditions, practitioners can use GPR to detect
subsurface objects, changes in material properties, and voids and cracks.[1]

6. Cloud computing is an information technology (IT) paradigm, a model for enabling

ubiquitous access to shared pools of configurable resources (such as computer networks,
servers, storage, applications and services),[1][2] which can be rapidly provisioned with
minimal management effort, often over the Internet. Cloud computing allows users and
enterprises with various computing capabilities to store and process data either in a
privately-owned cloud, or on a third-party server located in a data center - thus making data-
accessing mechanisms more efficient and reliable.[3][need quotation to verify] Cloud computing relies on
sharing of resources to achieve coherence and economy of scale, similar to a utility.

7. Big data analytics is the process of examining large and varied data sets -- i.e., big
data -- to uncover hidden patterns, unknown correlations, market trends, customer
preferences and other useful information that can help organizations make more-
informed business decisions.

8. Data Restitution

9. GPS