Assignment

LAHORE LEADS UNIVERSITY

Submitted by:
Submitted to: Mr.Qasir.

Principle of Marketing

Malaysia
Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and
three federal territories and has a total landmass of 329,847 square kilometers (127,350 sq. mi)
separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular
Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo. Land borders are shared with Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei,
and maritime borders exist with Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The capital city
is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. In 2010 the population
was 28.33 million, with 22.6 million living on the Peninsula.

Macro factors:

1. Law:
 The law of Malaysia is mainly based on the common law legal system. This was a
direct result of the colonization of Malaya, Sarawak, and North Borneo by Britain between the
early 19th century to 1960s. The supreme law of the land
the Constitution of Malaysiasets out the legal framework and rights
of Malaysian citizens. Federal laws enacted by the Parliament of
Malaysia apply throughout the country. There are also state
laws enacted by the State Legislative Assemblies which applies
in the particular state. The constitution of Malaysia also
provides for a unique dual justice systemthe secular laws
(criminal and civil) and sharia laws.

Dual Justice System:

The dual system of law is provided in Article 121(1A) of the
Constitution of Malaysia. Article 3 also provides that Islamic law is a state law matter with the
exception for the Federal Territories of Malaysia.Islamic law refers to the sharia law, and in
Malaysia it is known and spelled as syariah. The court is known as the Syariah Court. Looking
at the Malaysian legal system as a whole, sharia law plays a relatively small role in defining the
laws on the country. It only applies to Muslims. With regards to civil law, the Syariah courts has
jurisdiction in personal law matters, for example marriage, inheritance, and apostasy. In some
states there are sharia criminal laws, for example there is the Kelantan Syariah Criminal Code
Enactment 1993. Their jurisdiction is however limited to imposing fines for an amount not more
than RM 5000, and imprisonment to not more than 3 years. In August 2007, the then Chief
Justice of Malaysia proposed to replace the current common law application in Malaysia with
sharia law.

Complications:
Complications have arisen with regard to the dual justice system, for example with
regard to freedom of religion. Article 11 of the Constitution provides that "Every person has the
right to profess and practice his religion". However in the case of Lina Joya Malay who
converted to Christianitythe Federal Court of Malaysia refused to allow her to change her
religion indicated in her identity card (MyKad). The judges held that they had no jurisdiction on
the matterthat it was a matter of the Shariah Court, as indicated in Article 121(1A) of the
Constitution.
 2. Politics of Malaysia:
The politics of Malaysia takes
place in the framework of
a federal representative
democratic constitutional monarchy, in
which the Yang di-Pertuan
Agong is head of state and the Prime
Minister of Malaysia is the head of
government. Executive power is
exercised by the federal government and
the 13 state governments.
Federal legislative power is vested in the
federal parliament and the 13 state
assemblies. The judiciaryis independent
of the executive and the legislature,
though the executive maintains a certain
level of influence in the appointment of
judges to the courts.
The Constitution of
Malaysia is codified and the system of
government is based on the Westminster system. The hierarchy of authority in Malaysia, in
accordance to the Federal Constitution, has stipulated the three branches (administrative
components) of the Malaysian government as consisting of the Executive, Judiciary and
Legislative branch. Whereas, the Parliament consists of the Dewan Negara (Upper House /
House of Senate) and Dewan Rakyat (Lower House / House of Representatives)
Malaysia has a multi-party system since the first direct election of the Federal Legislative
Council of Malaya in 1955 on a first-past-the-postbasis. The ruling party since then has always
been the Alliance Party (Malay: Parti Perikatan) coalition and subsequently from 1973 onwards,
its successor the Barisan Nasional (National Front) coalition. The Barisan Nasional coalition
currently consists of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), Malaysian Chinese
Association (MCA), Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC) and 11 other political parties.
Although Malaysian politics has been relatively stable, critics allege that "the government, ruling
party, and administration are intertwined with few countervailing forces." However, since 8
March 2008 General Election, media's coverage on country's politics has been noticeably
increased.
A higher interest in the political process has led to a slowdown in outbound corporate travel in
anticipation of an upcoming general election anticipated for first-half of 2013. Many travellers
are postponing travel to ensure they get the chance to cast their votes.
 System of Government:
Malaysia is a federation of 13 states and 3 federal territories. The system of government
in Malaysia is closely modelled on that of Westminster parliamentary system, a legacy ofBritish
colonial rule. In practice however, more power is vested in the executive branch of government
than in the legislative, and the judiciary has been weakened by sustained attacks by the
government during the Mahathir era. Parliamentary elections are held at least once every five
years, usually concurrent with state elections for state assemblies except for Sabah (until 2004)
and Sarawak.

3. Legal System:

Malaysia's legal system is based on English Common Law, alongside a Sharia court
system for Malaysian Muslims. The Federal Court reviews decisions referred from the Court of
Appeals; it has original jurisdiction in constitutional matters and in disputes between states or
between the federal government and a state. Peninsular Malaysia and the East Malaysian states
of Sabah and Sarawak each has a high court. The federal government has authority over external
affairs, defense, internal security, justice (except civil law cases among Malays or other Muslims
and other indigenous peoples, adjudicated under Islamic and traditional law), federal citizenship,
finance, commerce, industry, communications, transportation, and other matters.

4.
Culture:
The culture of Malaysia draws on the varied cultures of the different people
of Malaysia. The first people to live in the area
were indigenous tribes that still remain; they were
followed by the Malays, who moved there from mainland
Asia in ancient times. Chinese and Indian cultural
influences made their mark when trade began with those
countries, and increased with immigration to Malaysia.
Other cultures that heavily influenced that of Malaysia
include Persian, Arabic, and British. The many different
ethnicities that currently exist in Malaysia have their own unique and distinctive cultural
identities, with some crossover.
The Malaysian government has taken the step of defining Malaysian Culture through the "1971
National Culture Policy", which defined what was considered official culture, basing it around
Malay culture and integrating Islamic influences. This especially affected language;
only Malay texts are considered official cultural texts. Government control over the media is
strong, and most media outlets are related to the government in some way.

Art and Music:

Arts and music have a long
tradition in Malaysia, with Malay art dating
back to the Malay sultanates. Traditional art
was centered on fields such as carving,
silversmithing, and weaving. Islamic taboos
restricted artwork depicting humans until the
mid-20th century. Performing arts and
shadow puppet shows are popular, and often
show Indian influences. Various influences
can be seen in architecture, from individual
cultures in Malaysia and from other
countries. Large modern structures have been built, including the tallest twin buildings in the
world, the PETRONAS Twin Towers. Malaysian music has a variety of origins, and is largely
based around percussion instruments. Much early Malaysian literature was based on Indian
epics, which remained unchanged even as Malays converted to Islam; this has expanded in
recent decades. English literature remained restricted to the higher class until the arrival of the
printing press. Locally created Chinese and Indian literature appeared in the 19th century.
 Sports:
Popular sports in Malaysia include badminton, bowling, football, squash, and field
hockey. Malaysia has small-scale traditional
sports. Wau is a traditional form of kite-flying involving
kites created with intricate designs. These kites can
reach heights of nearly 500 metres (1,640 ft), and due to
bamboo attachments create a humming sound when
flown. Sepak takraw is a game in which a rattanball is
kept in the air without using hands. A traditional game
played during the rice harbest season was
throwing gasing, which are large tops weighing around
5 kilograms (11 lb), which are thrown by unfurling a
rope and scooped off the ground while spinning. They are known to be able to spin for over an
hour. Other sports are dragon dancing and dragon-boat racing. Malaysia's coastline is popular
forscuba diving, sailing, and other water sports and activities. Whitewater
rafting and trekking are also often done.

5. Nature:
Malaysia is located in the center of Southeast Asia, a rainforest zone below the
equatorial belt that teems with the wonders of nature.
The amazing wildlife species found in this region have
long been the fascination of researches and explorers
around the world.
Divided in the between Peninsular Malaysia in the
west and North Borneo in the east, its natural heritage
has been the subject of documentaries today.
Composed primarily of rainforest across lowland and mountain regions, Malaysia also has a
wealth of limestone formations, mangrove, swamps, coral reefs and spectacular caves to
discover.

Micro Factors:
 1. Production:

Agriculture:
Agriculture in Malaysia makes up twelve percent of the nation's GDP.
Sixteen percent of the population of Malaysia is employed through some sort of agriculture.
Large-scale plantations were established by the British. These plantations opened opportunity for
new crops such as rubber (1876), palm oil (1917), and cocoa (1950). A number of crops are
grown for domestic purpose such as bananas, coconuts, durian, pineapples, rice, rambutan .

Rice production and

consumption
Rice is a crucial part of everyday Malaysian diet. In
1998, Malaysia produced 1.94 million metric tons of
rice.Even with this high production, Malaysia still
only produces eighty percent of what it needs to
support itself and must import the rest. The average
Malaysian citizen consumes 82.3 kilograms of rice
per year. The increasing population is calling for
more research and technological advancement to
increase rice production for consumption within the
nation

Langkawi-Pantai Cenang Rice Field

Year Population(x1000) Consumption (tons) Planted (ha)

2008 27958.95 2305391.38 674548

2009 28614.30 2358864.89 674548

2010 29281.54 2413398.24 674548

2011 29961.00 2469006.04 674548

2012 30653.04 2527705.82 674548

2013 31358.01 2583517.73 674548

2014 32076.27 2642464.27 674548

2015 32808.21 2702570.04 674548

2016 33554.21 2763861.61 674548

2017 34314.67 2826367.32 674548

2018 35090.01 2890117.22 674548

2019 35880.64 2955142.90 674548

2020 36687.01 3021477.51 674548

2021 37509.55 3089155.60 674548

2022 38348.73 3158213.17 674548

2023 39205.02 3228687.59 674548

2024 40078.90 3300617.58 674548

2025 40970.88 3374043.22 674548

2026 41881.47 3449005.93 674548

2027 42811.20 3525548.50 674548

2028 43760.61 3603715.06 674548

2029 44730.26 3683551.13 674548

2030 45720.72 3765103.62 674548

Rubber production:
Typically, Malaysia is responsible for one third of the
world's rubber export. However, production has decreased because most
estates are switching to a more profitable product, palm. Malaysia is also
an exporter of timber, pepper, and tobacco. Since 2001, Malaysia's rubber
production has been increasing. In 2004, production value reached eight
billion dollars, in 2007 it topped ten billion dollars, and in 2008, production
value is sitting at 11.24 billion dollars. In 2009 however, production
plummeted by nearly six percent. Malaysia has earned a good reputation
around the world for its high quality and well-priced rubber products.
Rubber manufacturers in Malaysia supply several different rubber products
such as medical gloves, components for automobiles, belts, and hoses to several different
countries such as USA, Japan, and many countries in Europe.

2. Management of Malaysia:
The management of Malaysian companies is well educated and structured
they work according to a structure and earn good income and plays a vital role in the GDP
of Malaysia. They all are known off their duties and complete their tasks on the given time
and perform different projects. The accept the challenges and try to produce as well as
they can.

3. Staff:
Malaysian companies hire staff from all over world people from many countries come
to Malaysia to fin d jobs. The staff of Malaysia is well structures they have to perform
their tsk in given time.

4. Exports of Malaysia:
Crude petroleum A$994m
Education-related travel A$739m
Copper A$710m
Personal travel excl. education A$431m
Coal A$356m