Pengertian Koping Keluarga - Office2000

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\plain\pard\sl-328 \li2727 \ri3070 \fi995 \expndtw-15 \b \f20 \fs28 BAB II
\plain\par
\pard\sl-482 \li2727 \ri2415 \expndtw-8 \b \f20 \fs28 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
\par
\plain\sl-135\fs13\par\sl-240\fs24\par\par\par\par\pard\pard\sl-239 \li8 \ri5313
\expndtw-1 \b \f20 \fs23 A. Koping keluarga
\plain\par
\pard\sl-410 \li727 \ri47 \fi360 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 Kemampuan koping diperlukan
oleh setiap manusia untuk mampu
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li8 \ri49 \fi719 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 bertahan hidup dalam lingkungan
yang selalu berubah dengan cepat.
\par
\plain\pard\sl-415 \li727 \ri49 \expndtw-12 \f20 \fs23 Koping
\plain\tx1735 \tab \expndtw-12 \f20 \fs23 adalah
\plain\tx2652 \tab \expndtw-12 \f20 \fs23 proses
\plain\tx3557 \tab \expndtw-9 \f20 \fs23 pemecahan
\plain\tx4925 \tab \expndtw-11 \f20 \fs23 masalah
\plain\tx6003 \tab \expndtw-12 \f20 \fs23 dimana
\plain\tx6980 \tab \expndtw-9 \f20 \fs23 seseorang
\par
\plain\pard\sl-412 \li727 \ri49 \expndtw3 \f20 \fs23 mempergunakannya untuk
mengelola kondisi stres. Derajat stres
\plain\expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 ditentukan oleh perbandingan antara apa yang terjadi
(sumber stresor)
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 orang akan secara sadar atau tidak sadar untuk mengatasi
situasi tersebut
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li727 \ri5092 \expndtw-5 \f20 \fs23 (Smeltzer, 2001)
\par
\plain\pard\sl-412 \li1087 \ri46 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 Konsep koping sangat penting
\plain\tx4477 \tab \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 dalam keperawatan karena semua
\par
\plain\pard\sl-415 \li728 \ri47 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 pasien mengalami stres
sehingga sangat memerlukan kemampuan koping
\plain\expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 untuk dapat mengatasinya. Kemampuan koping dan adaptasi
terhadap stres
\plain\expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 merupakan faktor penentu yang penting dalam
kesejahteraan manusia
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li728 \ri631 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs23 (Asih, 1999 ). Berikut ini akan
disampaikan tentang konsep koping :
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li728 \ri5298 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 1. Pengertian
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li1088 \ri49 \fi360 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 Menurut Keliat (1999),
koping adalah perubahan kognitif dan
\plain\expndtw-2 \f20 \fs23 perilaku secara konstan dalam upaya untuk mengatasi
tuntutan internal
\plain\expndtw-1 \f20 \fs23 dan eksternal khusus yang melelahkan atau melebihi
sumber individu.
\plain\expndtw-1 \f20 \fs23 Koping dapat adaptif (efektif ) dan mal adaptif (in
efektif ) (Stuart dan
\plain\expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 Sudden, 1995). Perilaku koping dan upaya-upaya koping
sebagai
\plain\expndtw3 \f20 \fs23 strategi yang positif, aktif, dan khusus untuk masalah
yang di
\plain\expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 sesuaikan untuk pemecahan suatu masalah hal ini di
batasi untuk
\plain\expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 perilaku atau pengakuan yang aktual di lakukan oleh
mereka.
\par
\plain\sl-120\fs12\par\sl-
240\fs24\par\par\par\par\par\par\par\par\par\par\pard\pard\sl-220 \li3919
\ri3571 \expndtw-13 \f10 \fs22 5
\par
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\plain\pard\sl-298 \li7 \ri4894 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 2. Sumber koping
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li7 \ri49 \fi359 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 a. Sumber koping terdiri atas
dua faktor yaitu faktor internal dan
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li727 \ri1724 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 eksternal (Stuart dan Sudden,
1995), antara lain:
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li727 \ri50 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 1. Faktor internal yang meliputi:
kesehatan dan energi, system
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li1087 \ri50 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 kepercayaan seseorang termasuk
kepercayaan eksistensial
\plain\expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 (iman, kepercayaan, agama ), komitmen atau tujuan hidup
\plain\expndtw-1 \f20 \fs23 (property motivasional ), perasaan seseorang seperti
harga diri,
\plain\expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 kontrol, dan kemahiran, ketrampilan pemecahan masalah,
\par
\plain\pard\sl-415 \li1087 \ri47 \expndtw-7 \f20 \fs23 ketrampilan
\plain\tx2563 \tab \expndtw-10 \f20 \fs23 sosisal
\plain\tx3538 \tab \expndtw-8 \f20 \fs23 (kemampuan
\plain\tx5119 \tab \expndtw-6 \f20 \fs23 berkomunikasi
\plain\tx6861 \tab \expndtw-23 \f20 \fs23 dan
\par
\plain\pard\sl-412 \li727 \ri2773 \fi359 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 berinteraksi dengan
orang lain ).
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li8 \ri49 \fi719 \expndtw2 \f20 \fs23 2. Faktor eksternal terdiri
atas : dukungan sosial dan sumber
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li1087 \ri51 \expndtw3 \f20 \fs23 material. Menurut Cobb, dukungan
sosial sebagai rasa
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 memiliki informasi terhadap seseorang atau lebih dengan
tiga
\plain\expndtw2 \f20 \fs23 kategori yaitu : dukungan emosional, di mana seseorang
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 merasa di cintai : dukungan harga diri, berupa pengakuan
dari
\plain\expndtw-1 \f20 \fs23 seseorang akan kemampuan yang di miliki ; perasaan
memiliki
\plain\expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 dan dimiliki dalam sebuah kelompok .
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li8 \ri47 \fi359 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 b. Mechanic mengemukakan 5
sumber koping menurut (Stuart dan
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li8 \ri4037 \fi719 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs23 Sudden, 1995), yaitu:
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li1066 \ri4063 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 a. Aset ekonomi
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li1066 \ri2665 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 b. Kemampuan atau ketrampilan
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li1066 \ri3043 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 c. Teknik-teknik pertahanan
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li1066 \ri3823 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 d. Dukungan sosial
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li1066 \ri3516 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 e. Dukungan motivasi.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li8 \ri3177 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 3. Faktor yang mempengaruhi koping
\par
\plain\pard\sl-412 \li728 \ri50 \expndtw-12 \f20 \fs23 Faktor
\plain\tx1604 \tab \expndtw-17 \f20 \fs23 yang
\plain\tx2314 \tab \expndtw-7 \f20 \fs23 mempengaruhi
\plain\tx4001 \tab \expndtw-19 \f20 \fs23 kopi ng
\plain\tx4915 \tab \expndtw-12 \f20 \fs23 normal
\plain\tx6418 \tab \expndtw-9 \f20 \fs23 adaptasi
\par
\plain\pard\sl-415 \li368 \ri47 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs23 diantaranya: peran dan
hubungannya, tidur dan istirahat, rasa aman dan
\plain\expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 kenyamanan dan pengalaman masa lalu secara sederhana
perilaku
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 koping atau upaya koping merupakan strategi yang
positif, aktif dan
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 khusus untuk masalah yang disesuaikan untuk pemecahan
masalah
\plain\expndtw-5 \f20 \fs23 (Friedman, 2003).
\plain\par
\sl-175\fs18\par\sl-240\fs24\par\par\pard\pard\sl-220 \li368 \ri3571 \fi2831
\expndtw-13 \f10 \fs22 6
\par
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5464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a838485868788898a92939495
0102030405060708090a0bffc400b511000201020404030407050404000102770001020311040521310
61241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f0156272d10a162434e125f11718191a26272829
2a35363738393a434445464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a82838
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028
a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002
8a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a00
28a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0
028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028
a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002
8a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a00
28a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0
028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028
a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002
8a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a00
28a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0
028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
0028a28a00ffd9
}}}
\plain\pard\sl-298 \li7 \ri4078 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 4. Jenis dan strategi koping
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li7 \ri51 \fi359 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 a. Taylor (1997), mengemukakan
8 strategi koping yang berbeda
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li727 \ri4933 \expndtw-7 \f20 \fs23 antara lain:
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li727 \ri4542 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 1. Konsentrasi
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li727 \ri3402 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 2. Mencari dukungan sosial
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li727 \ri50 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 3. Melaksanakan pemecahan masalah
dipastikan dengan problem
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li727 \ri4438 \fi359 \expndtw-7 \f20 \fs23 fokus koping
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li727 \ri4547 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 4. Kontrol diri
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li728 \ri4261 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 5. Membuat jarak
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li728 \ri2818 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 6. Penilaian kembali secara
positif
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li728 \ri3257 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 7. Menerima tanggung jawab
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 8. Lari / pengindraan.
\par
\plain\pard\sl-415 \li368 \ri490 \expndtw-27 \f20 \fs23 b.
\plain\tx780 \tab \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs23 Menurut (Eldeman, 2003), ada beberapa
strategi diantaranya:
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li368 \ri4495 \fi360 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 1. Menjauhkan
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li368 \ri52 \fi1080 \expndtw-1 \f20 \fs23 Merupakan aturan utama bagi
orangtua ketika menghadapi
\par
\plain\pard\sl-412 \li1088 \ri49 \expndtw-7 \f20 \fs23 pertengkaran
\plain\tx2648 \tab \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 anak-anak. Orangtua mudah sekali terjebak
\par
\plain\pard\sl-415 \li1088 \ri51 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs23 dalam perselisihan dan
bertindak sebagai hakim atau penengah,
\plain\expndtw3 \f20 \fs23 akan tetapi peran seperti itu akan menghalangi tujuan
\plain\expndtw-1 \f20 \fs23 mendasarnya, karena banyak pertengkaran seperti ini
bertujuan
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 menaruh perhatian orangtua, maka bertindak sebagai
mediator
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 diantara mereka. Orangtua bisa berperan aktif mengajari
anak-
\plain\expndtw2 \f20 \fs23 anak mengatasi konflik mereka sendiri. Berikut ini peran
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li1088 \ri3244 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs23 orangtua untuk membantu:
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li1088 \ri1628 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 a. Temukan pemicu penyebab
pertengkaran.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li1088 \ri1861 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 b. Membuat suasana yang
menyenangkan
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li1088 \ri1512 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 c. Memberi pujian saat mereka
berlaku manis
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li1448 \ri51 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 Orangtua harus menekankan sikap
yang baik, tidak hanya
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 menghukum kesalahan. Beri pujian ketika anak anda mau
\plain\expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 bekerjasama atau berkompromi sendiri.
\par
\plain\sl-283\fs28\par\sl-240\fs24\par\par\par\par\par\pard\pard\sl-220 \li3199
\ri3571 \expndtw-13 \f10 \fs22 7
\par
{\shp
ffd8ffe000104a46494600010100000100010000ffdb004300010101010101010101010101010101010
10101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
010101010101ffdb0043010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010
1010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101ffc00011080db409
af03012200021101031101ffc4001f00000105010101010101000000000000000001020304050607080
90a0bffc400b5100002010303020403050504040000017d010203000411051221314106135161072271
14328191a1082342b1c11552d1f02433627282090a161718191a25262728292a3435363738393a43444
5464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a838485868788898a92939495
0102030405060708090a0bffc400b511000201020404030407050404000102770001020311040521310
61241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f0156272d10a162434e125f11718191a26272829
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0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028
a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002
8a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a00
28a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0
028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028
a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002
8a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a00
28a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0
028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028
a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002
8a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a00
28a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0
028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
0028a28a00ffd9
}}}
\plain\pard\sl-298 \li7 \ri3138 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 d. Jangan membuat asumsi
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li367 \ri51 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs23 Orangtua sering mengasumsikan bahwa
anak sulung adalah
\plain\expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 pemicu sebagian besar pertengkaran bahwa kakak yang
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 berteriak atau memukul, tetapi jangan asumsikan bahwa
\plain\expndtw-4 \f20 \fs23 adiknya tidak bersalah.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li7 \ri2576 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 e. Memahami kemarahan mereka
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li367 \ri49 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 Anak-anak punya alasan yang sangat
kuat untuk marah
\plain\expndtw-2 \f20 \fs23 pada saudaranya. Memahami perasaan mereka, dan biarkan
\par
\plain\pard\sl-415 \li367 \ri49 \expndtw-13 \f20 \fs23 mereka
\plain\tx1380 \tab \expndtw-9 \f20 \fs23 merasakan
\plain\tx2715 \tab \expndtw-10 \f20 \fs23 seluruh
\plain\tx3727 \tab \expndtw-14 \f20 \fs23 emosi
\plain\tx4608 \tab \expndtw-12 \f20 \fs23 karena
\plain\tx5539 \tab \expndtw-12 \f20 \fs23 ikatan
\par
\plain\pard\sl-412 \li367 \ri49 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 persaudaraan yang erat.
Menjelaskan tindakan yang perlu
\plain\expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 mereka lakukan untuk mengatasi rasa marah.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li7 \ri1561 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 f. Menekankan ketulusan diantara
anak-anak
\par
\plain\pard\sl-415 \li367 \ri49 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 Mengatakan pada anak-anak
\plain\tx3597 \tab \expndtw2 \f20 \fs23 bahwa anak anda yakin
\par
\plain\pard\sl-412 \li367 \ri48 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 mereka sendiri bisa mengatasi
perbedaan, sampaikan juga
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 anda percaya pada keputusan mereka dan beri pujian atas
\plain\expndtw-7 \f20 \fs23 usaha mereka.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li7 \ri2546 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 g. Mencontohkan sikap yang baik
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li367 \ri47 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 Mencontohkan sikap yang baik anatara
kakak dan adik,
\plain\expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 misalnya jika antara saudara kandung ada permasalahan
\plain\expndtw2 \f20 \fs23 selesaikan dengan cara baik-baik dan berdamai bukan
\plain\expndtw-5 \f20 \fs23 dengan bertengkar.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li7 \ri3218 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 h. Menghindari kekerasan
\par
\plain\pard\sl-415 \li367 \ri51 \expndtw-9 \f20 \fs23 Menekankan
\plain\tx1867 \tab \expndtw-14 \f20 \fs23 bahwa
\plain\tx2758 \tab \expndtw-17 \f20 \fs23 anda
\plain\tx3471 \tab \expndtw-9 \f20 \fs23 melarang
\plain\tx4627 \tab \expndtw-12 \f20 \fs23 segala
\plain\tx5470 \tab \expndtw-12 \f20 \fs23 bentuk
\par
\plain\pard\sl-412 \li367 \ri47 \expndtw-9 \f20 \fs23 kekerasan
\plain\tx1630 \tab \expndtw-11 \f20 \fs23 fisik.
\plain\tx2422 \tab \expndtw-13 \f20 \fs23 Garis
\plain\tx3250 \tab \expndtw-13 \f20 \fs23 bawahi
\plain\tx4246 \tab \expndtw-14 \f20 \fs23 bahwa
\plain\tx5161 \tab \expndtw-9 \f20 \fs23 memukul,
\par
\plain\pard\sl-415 \li367 \ri49 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 menendang, menggigit tidak
pernah bisa diterima, apapun
\plain\expndtw-1 \f20 \fs23 pemicunya. Adu argumen yang berubah menjadi kekerasan
\par
\plain\pard\sl-415 \li367 \ri49 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 fisik harus dihentikan
\plain\tx2953 \tab \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 segera dan pelaku dipisahkan.
\par
\plain\pard\sl-412 \li367 \ri47 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 Menghindari kekerasan harus
merupakan peraturan yang
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 tegas. Waspadai adanya intimidasi emosi atau psikologis,
\plain\expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 ini juga merupakan larangan keras. Bantu anak mencari
\par
\par
{\shp
ffd8ffe000104a46494600010100000100010000ffdb004300010101010101010101010101010101010
10101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
010101010101ffdb0043010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010
1010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101ffc00011080db409
af03012200021101031101ffc4001f00000105010101010101000000000000000001020304050607080
90a0bffc400b5100002010303020403050504040000017d010203000411051221314106135161072271
14328191a1082342b1c11552d1f02433627282090a161718191a25262728292a3435363738393a43444
5464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a838485868788898a92939495
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61241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f0156272d10a162434e125f11718191a26272829
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0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028
a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002
8a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a00
28a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0
028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028
a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002
8a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a00
28a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0
028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028
a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002
8a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a00
28a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0
028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
0028a28a00ffd9
}}}
\plain\pard\sl-298 \li727 \ri48 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs23 kata-kata yang dapat
mengekspresikan kemarahan sehingga
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li727 \ri2844 \expndtw-4 \f20 \fs23 tidak mendaratkan pukulan.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li7 \ri1926 \fi360 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 i. Mengingatkan yang mereka
tidak tahu
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li727 \ri51 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 Perdebatan yang terjadi antara kakak
beradik, sebaliknya
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 diingatkan dengan cara menegosiasikan penyelesaian yang
\plain\expndtw-1 \f20 \fs23 sudah mereka ketahui. Anda bisa memulainya, lalu
biarkan
\plain\expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 mereka mengatasi persoalan mereka sendiri.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li7 \ri2534 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 2. Mengatasi perselisihan dengan
adil
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li368 \ri698 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 Ada tiga cara dasar untuk
menyelesaikan konflik, yaitu :
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li368 \ri3587 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 a. Persetujuan mutlak
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li367 \ri194 \fi360 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 Satu pihak secara total
tunduk pada permintaan pihak lain.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li7 \ri4301 \fi359 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 b. Kompromi
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li367 \ri648 \fi359 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 Kedua pihak menghasilkan
sesuatu melalui negosiasi
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li7 \ri4411 \fi359 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 c. Berdamai
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li7 \ri2484 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 3. Pertemuan keluarga bisa membantu
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li367 \ri49 \fi359 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 Saat anak bertambah dewasa,
menjadwalkan pertemuan
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 keluarga bisa membantu mengurangi frekuensi
pertengkaran.
\plain\expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 Latihan ini sebagai sarana belajar untuk mencegah
konflik.
\par
\plain\pard\sl-415 \li367 \ri49 \expndtw-9 \f20 \fs23 Tujuannya
\plain\tx1735 \tab \expndtw-12 \f20 \fs23 adalah
\plain\tx2707 \tab \expndtw-7 \f20 \fs23 mendiskusikan
\plain\tx4491 \tab \expndtw-11 \f20 \fs23 masalah
\plain\tx5602 \tab \expndtw-9 \f20 \fs23 keluarga,
\par
\plain\pard\sl-412 \li367 \ri49 \expndtw-7 \f20 \fs23 mengeluarkan
\plain\tx1968 \tab \expndtw-27 \f20 \fs23 i de
\plain\tx2503 \tab \expndtw-11 \f20 \fs23 mencari
\plain\tx3519 \tab \expndtw-25 \f20 \fs23 s ol us i ,
\plain\tx4953 \tab \expndtw-6 \f20 \fs23 menegosiasikan
\par
\plain\pard\sl-415 \li367 \ri49 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 kompromi kalau perlu. Orang
dewasa dan anak-anak belajar
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 bekerjasama, sebagai satu tim, untuk mencari solusi
masalah
\plain\expndtw-4 \f20 \fs23 keluarga sehari-hari.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li367 \ri1447 \fi359 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 Aturan dasarnya sedehana,
sebagai berikut :
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li367 \ri1028 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 a. Pendapat setiap anggota
keluarga harus dihargai.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li367 \ri50 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 b. Setiap orang punya kesempatan
mengemukakan pendapat
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li727 \ri47 \expndtw2 \f20 \fs23 dan perasaan sesuai topik tetapi
boleh memilih tidak
\plain\expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 mengatakannya kalau lebih suka demikian.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li367 \ri2270 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 c. Semua orang harus mendengarkan
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 d. Dilarang menghina atau meledek.
\par
\par
{\shp
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1010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101ffc00011080db409
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90a0bffc400b5100002010303020403050504040000017d010203000411051221314106135161072271
14328191a1082342b1c11552d1f02433627282090a161718191a25262728292a3435363738393a43444
5464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a838485868788898a92939495
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a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028
a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002
8a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a00
28a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0
028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028
a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002
8a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a00
28a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0
028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028
a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002
8a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a00
28a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0
028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
0028a28a00ffd9
}}}
\plain\pard\sl-298 \li7 \ri51 \expndtw-27 \f20 \fs23 c.
\plain\tx442 \tab \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 Menurut Haydar (2009), ada beberapa strategi
yang dilaksanakan
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li7 \ri4778 \fi540 \expndtw-6 \f20 \fs23 diantaranya :
\par
\plain\pard\sl-415 \li547 \ri49 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 a. Menerapkan peran
\plain\tx3029 \tab \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 barunya sebagai saudara tertua dengan
\par
\plain\pard\sl-412 \li907 \ri48 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs23 mengajak kakak memanggil "
adik kecil atau adik perempuan "
\plain\expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 ketimbang bayi baru atau bayi ibu.
\par
\plain\pard\sl-412 \li548 \ri49 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 b. Melibatkan kakak dalam
persiapan kelahiran
\plain\tx5786 \tab \expndtw-1 \f20 \fs23 bayi dengan
\par
\plain\pard\sl-415 \li908 \ri49 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 mengijinkan ia terlibat dalam
pemilihan nama panggilan adik
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 (meskipun nama sepenuhnya dari orangtua) atau pakaian
dan
\plain\expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 pernak-pernik untuk mendekorasi tempat tidur dan kamar
bayi.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li547 \ri51 \expndtw4 \f20 \fs23 c. Mengajak anak anda dan biarkan ia
saat pemeriksaan
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li907 \ri47 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 kehamilan sehingga ia dapat
mendengar denyut jantung adik
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li907 \ri4265 \expndtw-7 \f20 \fs23 selama di USG
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li547 \ri47 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 d. Baca buku-buku dan sodorkan buku
terkait menjadi seorang
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li907 \ri51 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 kakak tertua, saat kedatangan
saudara kandungnya, misalnya
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li907 \ri1608 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 dengan mengatakan " besok adik
dibantu ya "
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li547 \ri51 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 e. Memastikan bahwa Anda selalu
berkomunikasi dengan anak
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li547 \ri3529 \fi359 \expndtw-5 \f20 \fs23 anda sesering mungkin.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li547 \ri49 \expndtw2 \f20 \fs23 f. Dorong kakak untuk membantu adik
bayi, jika tidak mau
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li547 \ri2084 \fi359 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 menolong sebaiknya jangan
dipaksakan.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li547 \ri49 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 g. Menghabiskan waktu bersama kakak,
baik saat adik bangun
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li547 \ri4374 \fi360 \expndtw-6 \f20 \fs23 ataupun tidur.
\par
\plain\pard\sl-412 \li547 \ri48 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 h. Sabar,
\plain\tx1839 \tab \expndtw-8 \f20 \fs23 perhatian,
\plain\tx3115 \tab \expndtw-8 \f20 \fs23 suportif,
\plain\tx4923 \tab \expndtw-9 \f20 \fs23 orangtua
\plain\tx6071 \tab \expndtw-9 \f20 \fs23 sebaiknya
\par
\plain\pard\sl-415 \li907 \ri49 \expndtw-6 \f20 \fs23 memberitahukan
\plain\tx3387 \tab \expndtw-8 \f20 \fs23 menunjukan
\plain\tx4831 \tab \expndtw-14 \f20 \fs23 kalau
\plain\tx5614 \tab \expndtw-12 \f20 \fs23 mereka
\plain\tx6559 \tab \expndtw-14 \f20 \fs23 tetap
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li907 \ri3894 \expndtw-5 \f20 \fs23 menyayangi kakak.
\par
\plain\pard\sl-415 \li547 \ri50 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 Strategi koping yang paling
efektif adalah strategi koping sesuai
\plain\expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 jenis dan situasi adalah menurut (Haydar, 2009).
\par
\plain\sl-86\fs9\par\sl-
240\fs24\par\par\par\par\par\par\par\par\par\par\par\pard\pard\sl-220 \li2964
\ri3519 \expndtw-29 \f10 \fs22 10
\par
{\shp
ffd8ffe000104a46494600010100000100010000ffdb004300010101010101010101010101010101010
10101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
010101010101ffdb0043010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010
1010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101ffc00011080db409
af03012200021101031101ffc4001f00000105010101010101000000000000000001020304050607080
90a0bffc400b5100002010303020403050504040000017d010203000411051221314106135161072271
14328191a1082342b1c11552d1f02433627282090a161718191a25262728292a3435363738393a43444
5464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a838485868788898a92939495
0102030405060708090a0bffc400b511000201020404030407050404000102770001020311040521310
61241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f0156272d10a162434e125f11718191a26272829
2a35363738393a434445464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a82838
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028
a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002
8a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a00
28a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0
028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028
a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002
8a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a00
28a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0
028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028
a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002
8a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a00
28a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0
028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
0028a28a00ffd9
}}}
\plain\pard\sl-298 \li7 \ri4559 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 5. Mekanisme koping
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li7 \ri3236 \fi359 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 a. Menurut Keliat (1999) ,
yaitu :
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li7 \ri3823 \fi719 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 1. Fokus pada masalah
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li1087 \ri47 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 Koping yang di gunakan untuk
mengurangi stresor individu
\plain\expndtw3 \f20 \fs23 atau mengatasi dengan mempelajari cara-cara baru dan
\plain\expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 ketrampilan-ketrampilan baru individu akan menggunakan
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 strategi ini bila dirinya dapat mengubah situasinya
(Smeltzer,
\plain\expndtw-12 \f20 \fs23 2001).
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li7 \ri3846 \fi720 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 2. Fokus pada kognitif
\par
\plain\pard\sl-412 \li1087 \ri47 \expndtw-14 \f20 \fs23 Fokus
\plain\tx1968 \tab \expndtw-9 \f20 \fs23 kognitif
\plain\tx3787 \tab \expndtw-8 \f20 \fs23 dilakukan,
\plain\tx5088 \tab \expndtw-8 \f20 \fs23 misalnya:
\plain\tx6299 \tab \expndtw-25 \f20 \fs23 s ubs t i t us i
\par
\plain\pard\sl-415 \li727 \ri2531 \fi359 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 penghargaan, dan
devaluasi tujuan.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li727 \ri4013 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 3. Fokus pada emosi
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li727 \ri50 \fi359 \expndtw2 \f20 \fs23 Koping ini digunakan untuk
mengatur respon emosional
\par
\plain\pard\sl-412 \li1087 \ri47 \expndtw-10 \f20 \fs23 terhadap
\plain\tx2184 \tab \expndtw-11 \f20 \fs23 stres.
\plain\tx2959 \tab \expndtw-8 \f20 \fs23 Pengaturan
\plain\tx4311 \tab \expndtw-10 \f20 \fs23 melalui
\plain\tx5304 \tab \expndtw-9 \f20 \fs23 perilaku
\plain\tx6346 \tab \expndtw-21 \f20 \fs23 i ndi vi du,
\par
\plain\pard\sl-415 \li1087 \ri49 \expndtw-9 \f20 \fs23 bagaimana
\plain\tx2532 \tab \expndtw-7 \f20 \fs23 menghilangkan
\plain\tx4421 \tab \expndtw-7 \f20 \fs23 fakta-fakta
\plain\tx6725 \tab \expndtw-14 \f20 \fs23 tidak
\par
\plain\pard\sl-412 \li1087 \ri50 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 menyenangkan dengan strategi
kognitif. Metode ini di pakai
\plain\expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 jika individu merasa tidak mampu mengubah kondisi yang
\plain\expndtw-6 \f20 \fs23 membuat stres.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li368 \ri49 \expndtw2 \f20 \fs23 b. Mekanisme koping menurut (Stuart
& Sudden, 1995), adalah
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li728 \ri4469 \expndtw-5 \f20 \fs23 sebagai berikut :
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li728 \ri3256 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 1. Mekanisme koping adaptif
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li1087 \ri47 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs23 Mekanisme koping adaptif merupakan
mekanisme koping yang
\plain\expndtw3 \f20 \fs23 mendukung fungsi intregrasi, pertumbuhan, belajar dan
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 mencapai tujuan. Kategorinya adalah berbicara dengan
orang
\plain\expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 lain, memecahkan masalah secara efektif, teknik
relaksasi,
\plain\expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 latihan seimbang dan aktifitas konstruktif.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li368 \ri2932 \fi360 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 2. Mekanisme koping
maladaptif
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li1088 \ri47 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 Mekanisme koping maladaptif
merupakan mekanisme koping
\plain\expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 yang mendukung fungsi integrasi, memecah pertumbuhan,
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 menurunkan otonomi dan cenderung menguasai lingkungan.
\par
\par
{\shp
ffd8ffe000104a46494600010100000100010000ffdb004300010101010101010101010101010101010
10101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
010101010101ffdb0043010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010
1010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101ffc00011080db409
af03012200021101031101ffc4001f00000105010101010101000000000000000001020304050607080
90a0bffc400b5100002010303020403050504040000017d010203000411051221314106135161072271
14328191a1082342b1c11552d1f02433627282090a161718191a25262728292a3435363738393a43444
5464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a838485868788898a92939495
0102030405060708090a0bffc400b511000201020404030407050404000102770001020311040521310
61241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f0156272d10a162434e125f11718191a26272829
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a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028
a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002
8a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a00
28a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0
028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028
a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002
8a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a00
28a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0
028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028
a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002
8a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a00
28a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0
028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
0028a28a00ffd9
}}}
\plain\pard\sl-298 \li1807 \ri49 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 Kategorinya adalah makan
berlebihan
\plain\tx6036 \tab \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 atau tidak makan,
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li1807 \ri2466 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 bekerja berlebihan dan
menghindar.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li727 \ri4438 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 6. Karakteristik koping
\par
\plain\pard\sl-412 \li1087 \ri1410 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 a. Koping yang efektif
(Friedman, 1998), antara lain :
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li1447 \ri1390 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 1. Menceritakan secara verbal
tentang perasaannya
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li1447 \ri2281 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 2. Mengembangkan tujuan yang
realistis
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li1447 \ri2043 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 3. Mengidentifikasi sumber-sumber
koping
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li1447 \ri1291 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 4. Mengembangkan mekanisme koping
yang efektif
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li1447 \ri2935 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 5. Identifikasi alternative
strategi
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li1448 \ri3192 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 6. Memilih strategi yang tepat
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 7. Menerima dukungan.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li1087 \ri1229 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 b. Koping yang tidak efektif
(Taylor, 1997), antara lain :
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li1448 \ri3317 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 1. Menyatakan tidak mampu
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li1448 \ri1055 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 2. Tidak mampu menyelesaikan
masalah secara efektif
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li1448 \ri49 \expndtw2 \f20 \fs23 3. Perasaan cemas, takut, marah,\i
irritable\i0 , tegang, gangguan
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li1087 \ri2646 \fi720 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 fisiologis adanya stres
kehidupan.
\par
\plain\sl-112\fs11\par\sl-240\fs24\par\par\pard\pard\sl-239 \li8 \ri5589
\expndtw0 \b\i \f20 \fs23 B. Sibling rivalry
\plain\par
\pard\sl-410 \li8 \ri5622 \fi359 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 1. Pengertian
\par
\plain\pard\sl-412 \li728 \ri50 \fi359 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 Menurut Boyle,\i
sibling rivalry\i0 adalah suatu sikap antagonis dari
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 perilaku ramah antara kakak beradik yang tampak dalam
suatu kondisi
\plain\expndtw3 \f20 \fs23 seperti pertengkaran atau perkelahian anak-anak dalam
keluarga.
\plain\expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 Pertengkaran biasanya di mulai dari menarik rambut
saudaranya atau
\plain\expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 ketidakinginan untuk berbagi mainan (Boyle, 2002 ).
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li727 \ri48 \fi360 \expndtw0 \i \f20 \fs23 Sibling rivalry\i0 adalah
permusuhan dan kecemburuan antara saudara
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li727 \ri170 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 kandung yang menimbulkan
ketegangan di antara mereka. (Boyse, 2009).
\plain\par
konflik atau perselisihan yang terjadi pada anak
\plain\expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 atau perselisihan antara kakak adik.\i Sibling
rivalry\i0 akan muncul pada
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 anak yang melihat atau merasakan perbedaan perhatian dan
kasih sayang
\plain\expndtw3 \f20 \fs23 ibu terhadap adik atau kakak sehingga akan mengalami
kesepian,
\plain\expndtw-2 \f20 \fs23 ketakutan, kekhawatiran, reaksi yang paling utama
kemarahan, penolakan,
\plain\par
\sl-175\fs18\par\sl-240\fs24\par\par\pard\pard\sl-220 \li727 \ri3519 \fi3136
\par
{\shp
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0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028
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8a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a00
28a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0
028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028
a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002
8a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a00
28a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0
028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
0028a28a00ffd9
}}}
\plain\pard\sl-298 \li367 \ri47 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs23 kecemburuan dan rasa bersalah
yang sangat berlebihan pada anak ( Kozier,
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li367 \ri5933 \expndtw-10 \f20 \fs23 1995 ).
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li367 \ri49 \fi360 \expndtw-2 \f20 \fs23 Kehadiran adik baru dalam
keluarga dapat memunculkan krisis bahkan
\plain\expndtw2 \f20 \fs23 pada anak yang telah di persiapkan atas kehadiran anak
baru dalam
\plain\expndtw-2 \f20 \fs23 keluarga. Anak tidak membenci kehadiran dari anak baru
tetapi akibat dari
\plain\expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 perubahan yang di timbulkan oleh kehadiran anggota baru,
terutama
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 perhatian dan cinta dari orangtua yang terbagi dengan
anak lain ( Pilletri,
\plain\expndtw-10 \f20 \fs23 1999 ).
\plain\par
kecemburuan terhadap kakak atau adiknya dan
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 dapat menyebabkan rasa iri hati dan kekhawatiran
diantara mereka yang
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 dapat menyebabkan perselisihan antar saudara kandung dan
frustasi atau
\plain\expndtw-5 \f20 \fs23 stres pada orangtua.
\plain\par
\sl-107\fs11\par\sl-240\fs24\par\par\pard\pard\sl-239 \li7 \ri1871 \expndtw0
\f20 \fs23 2. Faktor-faktof yang dapat menimbulkan\i sibling rivalry
\par
\plain\pard\sl-415 \li368 \ri49 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 a. Menurut Boyle, pencetus
timbulnya\i sibling rivalry\i0 ada
\plain\tx6615 \tab \expndtw-1 \f20 \fs23 dua yaitu
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li728 \ri4853 \expndtw-5 \f20 \fs23 (Boyle, 2002), :
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li728 \ri5500 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 1. Usia
\par
\plain\pard\sl-412 \li1088 \ri51 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 Jarak antara kakak beradik
yang dekat cenderung menimbulkan
\plain\expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 adanya\i sibling rivalry\i0 . Perbedaan usia antara 2
sampai 4 tahun
\plain\expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 merupakan usia yang paling mengancam terutama bila kakak
\plain\expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 masih sangat muda dan belum memahami situasi (Whaley dan
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 Wong, 1991 ).\i Sibling rivalry\i0 muncul umumnya pada
anak usia
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 prasekolah yaitu pada usia 1 tahun sampai 6 tahun
( Soetjiningsih,
\plain\expndtw-10 \f20 \fs23 1995 ).
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li728 \ri4713 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 2. Jenis kelamin
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li1088 \ri47 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 Jenis kelamin yang berbeda antara
kakak adik cenderung jarang
\plain\expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 menimbulkan persaingan dibanding anak yang memiliki
jenis
\plain\expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 kelamin yang sama.), jenis kelamin yang berbeda antara
kakak adik
\plain\expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 lebih menunjukan hubungan yang positif dibanding kakak
adik
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li1088 \ri414 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 yang memiliki jenis kelamin sama
( Whaley dan Wong, 1991 ).
\par
\par
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10101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101
010101010101ffdb0043010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010
1010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101ffc00011080db409
af03012200021101031101ffc4001f00000105010101010101000000000000000001020304050607080
90a0bffc400b5100002010303020403050504040000017d010203000411051221314106135161072271
14328191a1082342b1c11552d1f02433627282090a161718191a25262728292a3435363738393a43444
5464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a838485868788898a92939495
0102030405060708090a0bffc400b511000201020404030407050404000102770001020311040521310
61241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f0156272d10a162434e125f11718191a26272829
2a35363738393a434445464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a82838
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028
a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002
8a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a00
28a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0
028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028
a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002
8a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a00
28a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0
028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028
a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a002
8a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a00
28a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0
028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a
0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28
a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a2
8a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a28a0028a
0028a28a00ffd9
}}}
\plain\pard\sl-298 \li8 \ri47 \fi359 \expndtw2 \f20 \fs23 b. Faktor lain yang dapat
berpengaruh terhadap munculnya\i Sibling
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li728 \ri1940 \expndtw-3 \i \f20 \fs23 rivalry\i0 diantaranya
( Whaley dan Wong, 1991 ), :
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li728 \ri4595 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 1. Peran orangtua
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li728 \ri4297 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 2. Besarnya keluarga
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li1088 \ri51 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 Besarnya keluarga mempengaruhi
sering dan kuatnya rasa cemburu
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 dan iri hati. Cemburu lebih umum pada keluarga kecil
dengan 2-3
\plain\expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 anak dari pada dalam keluarga besar dimana tidak ada
anak yang
\plain\expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 menerima perhatian lebih besar dari orangtua ( Morse,
1991 ).
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li8 \ri5392 \fi719 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 3. Umur
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li1087 \ri49 \expndtw3 \f20 \fs23 Jarak kelahiran anak dan usia anak
berpengaruh terhadap
\plain\expndtw-4 \f20 \fs23 munculnya\i sibling rivalry\i0 .
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li8 \ri4713 \fi719 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 4. Jenis kelamin
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li1087 \ri49 \expndtw3 \f20 \fs23 Jenis kelamin yang berbeda dari
anak dapat meningkatkan
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li1087 \ri359 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 timbulnya\i sibling rivalry\i0
dibanding yang berjenis kelamin sama
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li8 \ri4918 \fi720 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 5. Posisi anak
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li1088 \ri49 \expndtw-1 \i \f20 \fs23 Sibling rivalry\i0 cenderung
terjadi antara anak pertama dengan anak
\plain\expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 kedua dibanding dengan anak terakhir.
\plain\par
\sl-107\fs11\par\sl-240\fs24\par\par\pard\pard\sl-239 \li8 \ri4180 \expndtw0
\f20 \fs23 3. Tanda-tanda\i sibling rivalry
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li368 \ri47 \fi359 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 Anda dapat mengeksploitasikan
perasaan cemburu dengan berbagai
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li368 \ri1974 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 cara yang kreatif ( Whaley dan
Wong, 1991 ), yaitu :
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li368 \ri47 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 a. Melakukan kekerasan baik secara
fisik maupun psikis seperti memukul
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li728 \ri49 \expndtw1 \f20 \fs23 adik atau kakaknya, mendorong anak
lain dari pangkuan ibunya,
\plain\expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 memahami secara verbal atau melakukan penghinaan.
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li8 \ri51 \fi360 \expndtw3 \f20 \fs23 b. Regresi pada anak yang lebih
tua seperti menunjukan perilaku
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li728 \ri46 \expndtw0 \f20 \fs23 perkembangan sebelumnya misal,
kembali mengompol atau meminta
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li728 \ri5337 \expndtw-20 \f20 \fs23 bot ol s us u
\plain\par
\pard\sl-412 \li8 \ri49 \fi360 \expndtw2 \f20 \fs23 c.\i Displacement\i0 , anak
mengalami perubahan penampilan disekolah
\plain\par
\pard\sl-415 \li8 \ri1589 \fi720 \expndtw-3 \f20 \fs23 misalnya menunjukan perilaku
yang buruk disekolah.
\par
\plain\sl-283\fs28\par\sl-240\fs24\par\par\par\par\par\pard\pard\sl-220 \li3504
\ri3519 \expndtw-29 \f10 \fs22 14
\par
}

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