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NUTRICIN Y DIETTICA
Mdulo 4
Bromatologa y Nociones de
Nutricin
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CONTENIDO
1. LA BROMATOLOGA
1.6 Alimento
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COMPETENCIAS
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1. LA BROMATOLOGA
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Entre los pases con mayor nmero de poblacin estn: la China con
1.232 millones de personas, la India con 945 millones, los E.U. con 269
millones, Indonesia con 200 millones; en Suramrica, Brasil cuenta
con 161 millones, antecediendo a la Federacin Rusa, Pakistn,
Japn Bangladesh y Nigeria, todos con ms de 100 millones. Se
estima que para el 2050, pases como Mjico, Irn, Zaire y otros
alcanzarn esa cifra.
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Aspecto histrico
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Termoqumica
Calorimetra directa:
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Calorimetra indirecta:
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- Metabolismo basal
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- Actividad fsica
- Edad
- Sexo
- Estado fisiolgico
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Digestibilidad
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1.6 ALIMENTO
Alimento adulterado:
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Proceso de Digestin
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Nutrientes mayoritarios
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Las protenas : La palabra viene del griego proteios que quiere decir
primera calidad. Tienen peso molecular (p.m.) altos, por ejemplo:
hemoglobina 67000, gamaglobulina 157000, insulina 50000. Son
polmeros cuyas unidades bsicas son amino o iminocidos unidos
por enlaces peptdicos con grupos cidos. Estas molculas se
hidrolizan produciendo peptonas y aminocidos.
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Figura 9
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Donde:
VB = Valor biolgico
Ni = N ingerido
Nf = N fecal total
Nfe = N fecal de tipo endgeno
Nu = N urinario
Nue = N urinario endgeno
Ns = N presente en el sudor
Nse es el N presente en el sudor de origen no alimentario
Por lo tanto:
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Ejemplos de clculo:
Problema 1
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- Que las protenas que no tiene que ver con el compuesto pero
tienen algn valor no se evalan.
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Problema 2.
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Problema 3
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Problema 4
Verduras y frutas
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Cereales y tubrculos
- Hay que combinar los cereales (tortilla, arroz, pan, avena) con
las leguminosas (habas, garbanzos, lentejas, frijoles) la
combinacin aporta protenas de muy buena calidad.
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Lcteos
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Frutas y verduras
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Cereales y Azcar
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Bibliografa
Journal of AOAC. Vol. 81 No. 4 1988 p763, Vol 81 No. 3,1998, Vol. 81
No. 1, 1998
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Garrow J.S. and James W.P.T. Human nutrition and dietetics. Churchill
Livingstone, 1993
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