LEARNING OUTCOMES

Week 7

This topic is designed to assess student abilitys on:

Able to calculate degree of indeterminacy of the indeterminate
trusses.
Able to apply principle of superposition to equate the original
indeterminate structure into a primary and redundant applied
structures.
Able to establish the compatibility of displacement equation of the
degree(s) of indeterminacy for the indeterminate structures.
Able to determine unknown reaction forces for indeterminate
structures by using Flexibility Method/ Force Method. (caused by
member loads, support settlement/ displacement, fabrication error
and temperature change).
(CO2PO5)
1

Chapter 2: Flexibility Method Topic 2.4 : Truss Analysis Leave blank

TRUSSES

Example 5 :
A plane truss is pinned to a rigid foundation at B and supported on rollers at A and C as shown in Figure Q5.
It is subjected to an inclined load of 100 kN at F. The axial rigidity, EA is 100MN for all members. In addition
to the loads shown, member CE was manufactured 3 mm too short.
a) Taking the reaction at A as redundant, form the compatibility equation for the truss. (10 marks)
b) Solve the value of the redundant and hence, determine the remaining support reactions.
(3 marks)
c) Determine the axial forces in all the truss members. (4 marks)
d) Using virtual force method, determine the horizontal displacement of joint F (8 marks)

100 kN
D E F 60 Solution :

4
m
A B C

3m 3m 3m

Figure Q5
Chapter 2: Flexibility Method Topic 2.4 : Truss Analysis Leave blank

Solution: Question 5(a); Redundant, d = m + r 2j = 9 + 4 2(6) = 1

Primary Structures, F Redundant applied structures, f

F f1
86.6 100 kN
kN
D E D E F
F 60
50 kN

4m 4m

A B C A B C
50 kN
19.93 kN 106.53 kN 1 kN 2 kN 1 kN
3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m
Chapter 2: Flexibility Method Topic 2.4 : Truss Analysis Leave blank

Member Length, F f1 Ff1L f12L Question 5(c)

L Final Forces
(m) FT= F + f1(VA)
(kN)
AB 3 0 0.75 0 1.6875 -1.79 (C)
AD 5 0 -1.25 0 7.8125 2.99 (T)
BC 3 64.95 0 0 0 64.95 (T)
BD 4 0 1 0 4 -2.39 (C)
BE 5 -24.91 1.25 -155.6875 7.8125 -27.90 (C)
CE 4 19.93 -1 -79.72 4 22.32 (T)
CF 5 108.25 0 0 0 108.25 (T)
DE 3 0 -0.75 0 1.6875 1.79 (T)
EF 3 -14.95 0 0 0 -14.95 (C)
-235.41 27
General equation
Actual structure = Primary structure + redundant applied
structure
0 10 VA 11
Compatibility equation;
Ff1 L f L
2

0 VA 1 f CE
AE AE
Chapter 2: Flexibility Method Topic 2.4 : Truss Analysis Leave blank

Question 5(b)

Compatibility Equation;

0 10 VA 11 FT
86.6 kN

Ff1 L f L D E
2
F 60
0 VA 1 f CE 50 kN
AE AE
235.41 27
0 VA (1)( 3x10 3 )
AE AE 4
VA 2.39kN m
A B C
F 0
50 kN
VB 24.72kN 2.39 kN 24.72 kN 108.93 kN
VC 108.93kN 3m 3m 3m

F 0
H B 50kN
Chapter 2: Flexibility Method Topic 2.4 : Truss Analysis Leave blank

Question 5(d)

FT fT
86.6 kN
D E D E F 1 kN
F 60
50
kN

4m 4m

A B C A B C
50 kN 1kN
2.39 kN 24.72 kN 108.93 kN 1.33 kN 1.33 kN
3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m
Chapter 2: Flexibility Method Topic 2.4 : Truss Analysis Leave blank

Member Length, L FT= F + f1(VA) fT FTfTL

(m) (kN)
AB 3 -1.79 (C) 0 0
AD 5 2.99 (T) 0 0
BC 3 64.95 (T) 0 0
BD 4 -2.39 (C) 0 0
BE 5 -27.90 (C) 1.66 -231.57
CE 4 22.32 (T) -1.33 -118.74
CF 5 108.25 (T) 0 0
DE 3 1.79 (T) 0 0
EF 3 -14.95 (C) 1 -44.85
-395.16

By using Virtual Work Equation;

FT f T L
1. FH
AE
395.16
1. FH
100 x103
FH 3.9516mm
Chapter 2: Flexibility Method Topic 2.2 : Introduction Leave blank

Example 6:
Chapter 2: Flexibility Method Topic 2.2 : Introduction Leave blank
Chapter 2: Flexibility Method Topic 2.2 : Introduction Leave blank
Chapter 2: Flexibility Method Topic 2.2 : Introduction Leave blank
Chapter 2: Flexibility Method Topic 2.2 : Introduction Leave blank

Let FAC as the redundant

Chapter 2: Flexibility Method Topic 2.2 : Introduction Leave blank

Let FAB as the redundant

Let FDC as the redundant