INTRODUCTION
prestige, power, and personal adequacy and lacks of empathy, and has an
there has been a great amount of attention in the media surrounding the issue
of narcissism and social networking Web sites. They also said that the concern
is that these Web sites offer a gateway for self-promotion via self-descriptions,
vanity via photos, and large numbers of shallow relationships of friends are
counted and sometimes reaching the thousands of friends are being cases
Campbell, 2008)
Here I am being great, having a great time being with great people,
eating great food and having great thoughts that you all must be very
have always been on top of what is new and trendy. When people started
posting it online, netizens started tagging these photos as selfies. It was also
reported that the cities of Makati and Pasig took the top spot for Selfiest City
in the world that study revealed that there are a total of 258 selfie-takers per
users ranging 45% of the total internet users were the youngest group age 12
Bacoor as research locale due to their populations and ready and easy access
a. age; and
b. gender
a. positive narcissist;
b. inflated narcissist;
c. agentic narcissist;
e. selfish narcissist
Hypothesis of Study
narcissistic tendencies.
This research could help the parents to gain positive ideas and more
knowledge on how to limit their children from posting photos and statuses
means of this, they will become aware that their child need proper guidance
in using Facebook.
The study will benefit guidance counselor because they will be able to
The future researchers can use this study to provide baseline information
about the topic and to have deeper understanding in narcissism. This study
could also be their reference when they will have a research topic that is
related to this study. They can use this study to come up with ideas related
And finally, this study will be helpful to the teachers who might be
too much self-esteem. It will be helpful for them to become aware that this
kind of behavior might be seen inside the classroom. They will be able to
become aware and ready in dealing with the students with narcissistic
tendencies.
years old from selected areas in Cavite such as Bacoor, Dasmarias, Imus,
Gen.Trias and Silang, Cavite who are actively using Facebook. The
This chapter presents related literature, articles and studies that are
Theoretical Framework
presence of other people (as cited by Lerner, 2010). This theory is relevant
to the study since it supports the notion that ones personality is related with
social networking usage given that its users are aware that they are being
being studied may also serve as the motivation to the continuous usage of
SNS. Social networking site such as Facebook provides users with the ability
to strategize how to virtually convey who they are, as well as being able to
Since the profile owner carefully creates a certain impression through the
information without the consent of the owner may hinder the face (Goffman,
1955) the profile owner is trying to project. The unscreened information that
8
says that in all social relationships, each side needs to trust their own face to
anothers wall. The user could also reveal secret or private information about
another user, which would create a scene, and would inevitably harm the
these disruptions, it alters the users identity and may deteriorate their self-
they feel portrays an identity they do not want others to see, they will either
alter or remove the photo to alleviate shame. Goffman indicates that when
explains that in every social relationship people take into consideration the
they will be accepted. This study applied Goffmans concepts because the
Facebook is one of the most trending social networking today, and in some
point the extent of using Facebook is not limited; the users will post a photo,
status and everything they want because of quick access to the Internet.
Conceptual Framework
Demographic
Profile
Age
Gender
Frequency of Scale of
using narcissistic
Facebook tendencies
which is demographic profile of the respondents such as age and gender, the
reveal the profile, frequency, Facebook use and the narcissistic tendencies of
Related Literature
Defining Narcissism
own and others perceptions of them as superior beings. They display self-
aggrandizement and are prone to fantasies about unlimited ability and power.
excessive self-love. Narcissus falls in love with his own reflection in the water.
others. The lesser known myth of Echo, dissatisfied lover of Narcissus, warns
intense love and adoration, Echos sense of self is destroyed and she finds
herself lost to the world. While on the surface, Narcissus and Echo appear as
though they could be no more different, they may, in fact, represent two sides
of a single coin (Kubarych, Deary, & Austin, 2004). These two aspects of self-
to aggression.
12
ingredients": the positive narcissists think they are better than others; the
being selfish.
attractive than other people, but according to Twenge (2009) "do take care of
she also says that not everyone who makes a point to take care of their
narcissist. In the more shy narcissists who may also experience symptoms of
depression or anxiety, those other things may spur them to get professional
13
even have initial success, they're very unlikely to seek treatment," she
explained. "It would only be after they develop so many problems where they
ask themselves, 'I feel so great, I know I'm awesome, but why did everybody
leave me?' Third, you find yourself resorting to flattery just to maintain the
peace with a narcissist. While the best way to deal with a narcissist is to just
cut the cord and run, there are certain circumstances where one has no choice
maybe it's a boss. In these cases, flattery is the best way to avoid conflict.
and reactive anger if they are not recognized or if they can't get their way. "If
you do something to the narcissist that he doesn't like, it means you're against
him or you don't understand him," Krizan (2009) explains. Lastly, they like nice
that all narcissists are also shopaholics. But one of the hallmark traits of
narcissism is the desire to display high status, and this is often done with
sometimes the shopaholic will tell you what good a deal she got on something,
up in a Ferrari, but they won't tell you what a good deal they got on it.
as cited by John Russell (2011) the Asia leads the worlds biggest social
penetration is highest. The Philippines tops the list with 93.9% of the nation
by 46% in the country in one year, largely due to Facebook. The Philippines
is also the eighth most popular country for Twitter use on a global scale, with
Facebook habit
15
share their posts on the social network with anyone on the Internet, raising
the risks of minors leaving a digital trail that could lead to trouble. Until now,
Facebook users falling within the age group 13-19 years old had been limited
to sharing information and photos only with their own friends or friends of
those friends. The new policy will give teens the choice of switching their
settings so their posts can be accessible to the general public. That option
already has been available to adults, including users who are 18 or 19. As a
protective measure, Facebook will warn minors opting to be more open that
they are exposing themselves to a broader audience. The caution will repeat
before every post, as long as the settings remain on "public." The initial
privacy settings of teens under 18 will automatically be set so posts are seen
only by friends. That's more restrictive than the previous default setting that
network. In a blog post, Facebook said it decided to revise its privacy rules to
make its service more enjoyable for teens and to provide them with a more
make or a cause to support. "Teens are among the savviest people using
written a book about how the Internet affects children."On the one hand, you
want to encourage kids to participate in the digital world, but they are not
always very wise about how they do it," she said. "Teens tend to take more
risks and don't always understand the consequences of their behavior." The
relaxed standards also may spur teens to spend more time on Facebook
instead of other services, such as Snapchat, that are becoming more popular
says that the company's internal data shows its social network remains a
magnet for teens. Giving people more reasons to habitually visit its social
of the ads that generate most of the Menlo Park, Calif., company's revenue.
"What this is really about is maximizing the kind of sharing at the heart of
advertisers to collect more personal data about minors "who aren't aware
Facebook hasn't disclosed how many of its nearly 1.2 billon users
teens are. The social network was initially limited to college students when
17
audience within a few years. The teen audience is large enough to give
Facebook has had to combat sexual predators and bullies who prey upon
18-25 studied the subjects use of the Facebook as well as the content they
posted on their profiles. The subjects were also evaluated using the
defined as things such as updating their status every five minutes, frequent
and mottos glorifying themselves. The researchers concluded that the people
who used Facebook, Twitter and Instagram are the most have a tendency to
spend too much time on Facebook are more likely to show narcissistic
18
negative effects of teens overusing social media include making them more
prone to vain, aggressive and anti-social behavior and that excessive use can
and measured activities like photo sharing, wall postings and status updates,
she also studied how frequently users logged on and how often they
self-esteem were more likely to spend more than an hour a day on Facebook
and were more prone to post self-promotional photos (striking a pose or using
bleed glitter) and wall activity (posting self-serving links like My Celebrity
Look-alikes).
regard to their status, dominance, and intelligence. Yet other studies suggest
19
The implication is that this trait may pose problems in other aspects of an
important goal followed by being famous (51%). The group saw these two
goals as far more important than others such as being charitable, helping the
For instance, more than 80% of recent college students scored higher when
compared to the average among their cohorts in the 1960s (Twenge &
Campbell, 2009).
& Zeigler-Hill, 2004; Campbell, Rudich, & Sedikides, 2002; Gabriel) as well as
Williams, 2002). A similar high agency pattern (and negative but typically
conceptions (Campbell, Bosson, Goheen, Lakey, & Kernis, 2007), and implicit
Brunell, & Finkel, 2006; Morf & Rhodewalt, 2001). Narcissists do not focus on
outcomes, but they are very skilled at both initiating relationships and using
relationships to look popular, successful, and high in status in the short term.
dispositional impulsivity (Vazire & Funder, 2006). How does this narcissistic
Shrira, & Campbell, 2003), socially confident (Brunell, Campbell, Smith, &
opportunity or forum for self enhancement. For example, narcissists brag and
show off perform well when there is an opportunity for public glory (Wallace &
maintain deeper relationships as well, but often the real draw is the ability to
have complete power over self-presentation on Web pages, unlike most other
social contexts. In particular, one can use personal Web pages to select
promoting. Past research shows that narcissists, for example, gain esteem
Ong (2009) explains the story of Narcissus whoever did was love himself
himself by his reflection. According to Ong, the big three Ws have sites
popping up that encourage the narcissistic or the "love me" complex. They
call them social networking sites, but calling them narcissistic complex sites
2002 and currently has over 85 million members, the majority of which are
from Southeast Asia. Friendsters VP for global marketing David Jones even
and is soon followed by Multiply and Facebook. Each site is unique, boasting
Friendster, writing reviews are Multiplys forte, while Superpoke and Mob
Wars are Facebooks babies. These sites have been used not only as dating
sites or friend finders, but also as a hub for trade and business. Multiply,
have found how to maximize the use of these sites. But human nature, being
23
(2009) states the bad side of the network are that the people would not be
content with just browsing and posting pictures. She exampled the Pandora in
every one simply has to check other profiles too and if one chances upon a
better site, or just one which boasts of better pictures, then the seed of
insecurity has been planted. Because of this insecurity, people will go out of
their wits end trying to upstage one another. This encourages the Narcissus
in all of us. The more friends we have, or the better we look in our profiles
pictures, then the more fabulous we are. Thats why a lot of people invest so
much time and effort in beautifying their sites, sometimes neglecting their
physical needs because of it. These sites then become subtle tools in telling
the world, "Look at me! Love me! Envy me!" But this isnt supposed to be. The
idea behind these sites is actually inspiring. Getting people to bond and
But the idea has been abused; in fact, it has been distorted. And because of
this distortion, what was supposed to have been another one of mankinds
inducing hub. If he were born today, Narcissus wouldnt have merely drowned
in a pool. In fact, he would have simply died of starvation while sitting on his
groups and communities online, uploading and sharing photos and videos,
(Boyd & Ellison, 2007) participate and interact with each other more
effectively, than in real life. The key to the success of a popular social
express their wide range of interest and practice and to make them connected
on the move with help of mobile connectivity, making it easier for sharing of
raised over generations, and social networking sites that allow self-promotion
have been suggested to have contributed to this rise. In his book The
social networking sites for all to see. In his book, he was trying to say that
this new generation of teenagers had much higher narcissistic levels. The
children are trying to say I am special, so look at me'. Such behaviors are
almost unheard of in the past. These incidents are not isolated in the States
but also in Asian countries like Singapore. Coincidently, these countries are
that permits users to put information about themselves and others. People
to control how others view them. Facebook also functions as a tool that
allows users to pick and choose their most desirable characteristics and
incorporate them into their profiles. Angwin (2009) found that online
explored how cues deposited by social partners onto ones Facebook profile
affect observers impressions of the profile owner. They found that verbal
indicated that the verbal comments left on a users wall created different
impressions based on the profile owners sex. Walther et al. (2008) found
that the more positive remarks left about users who were female, the more
contrary, the negative comments and undesirable photos left about users
less costly for a profile owner to distort than to have other users interfere.
The ability for users to post unwanted information that has not been
screened by the profile owner may cause the owner to feel uneasy about
day, there are people who use it for sharing pictures or for talking to friends
and relatives in far places. Social networking sites are commonly used as a
develop their identities and present themselves to each other through online
27
Gonzales & Hanock, 2011; Peluchette & Karl, 2010; Salimkhan, Manago &
Greenfield, 2010; Mallan, 2009; Weisbuch, Ircevic & Ambady, 2009; Zhao,
Grasmuck & Martin, 2008). The relationship between self and others is an
friends are their most important sources of social support, even more than
their family. Internet usage can widen and strengthen the contact of young
people with friends and peers and so, the online communication of youths
the present study since social networking sites such as Facebook are mostly
preferred or ideal image to others (Salimkhan et al., 2010). People may tend
others (Toma, Hancock & Ellison, 2008). Goffmans theory (1959) also has a
et al., 2010), in the study by Salimkhan et al. (2010), they conducted a one-
on-one interview with college students who were MySpace users. Research
finding showed that the youth use social networking sites as a means for
it was found that the youth present themselves online in a certain way
because they seek social approval from their peers (Peluchette & Karl,
2010). Impressions made by the peers are based on the content of the
the use these visual modes. Zhao et al. (2008) identifies this as the self as a
social actor. Photos are used for implicit identity claims while verbal or
can post on their online profiles and are able to conceal their social anxiety
found out that people would tend to hide gating features (stigmatizing
setting, they may tend to not show theses in their online profiles.
30
about this phenomenon and based from the results, they were identified to be
users are able to use built-in tools which allow them to control information
they display online and who can access their profiles. Through Facebook,
people have opportunity to think about what they prefer to show others
(Wong, 2012). Users can easily put up posts highlighting aspects of their
personalities or share photos that convey the best images of them in order to
maintain a good impression from others. This idea was supported by Ellison,
Heino and Gibbs (2006) who stated that individuals were aware of their
he proposed that individuals were careful about the types of impression they
Facebook.
attractiveness to promote their ideal self. The findings imply that the use of
than verbal (Salimkhan et al., 2010). Young people use the internet to
maintain current friendships but also to create new friendships with individuals
they do not know offline (Mesch & Talmud, 2007; Valkenburg & Peter, 2007).
emotional support, to meet new people, to interact with others, and to behave
presentation on social networking sites (Kramer & Winter, 2008). Sheeks and
extraversion and online self-presentation when they found that shy people
their self-presentation in that setting (as cited in Kramer & Winter, 2008). It is
presentation (Marcus, Machilck, & Schutz, 2006). Personality traits also have
32
Facebook friends and how often individual comments on statuses and post
also found that observable profile information was effectively used by others
2011). Empirical studies reveal that there are differences in the online self-
for using the internet and it was found that extroverts use these social media
sites not to replace real life relationship but to voice their opinions, share
music and conduct research. On the other hand, in a study made by Peter,
Valkenburg and Schouten (2005), they found out that introverts were more
social skills.
photo that illustrates the close relationships you may have with friends and
family, they choose ones that say, "I'm pretty and fun!" Research also finds
that they choose profile photos that might "maximize the possibility of gaining
admiration." Translation: You pick the one you think will get the most "likes"
(Tan, 2012).
Constantly checking their social media accounts and theyre not talking
Facebook, Twitter and Instagram accounts more than their work email,
approximately 60 to 100 times a day. What's more is that theyre not just
checking to see what all their friends and followers are up to. According to
researchers, theyre making sure theyre not missing out on any comments or
When you update your status and post photos often, studies have proven
behaviors. As a result, researchers have found that those who scored highest
in narcissism really enjoyed posting photos and writing status updates. They
rated by their friends. So, the next time you feel like updating your status
34
others see you. Selfies offer the opportunities to show facets of yourself,
such as the arty side, the silly side, or the glamorous side. We learn about
the life of the "Generation Z", independent, stubborn, pragmatic and always
in a rush. These youngsters, born after 1995 and unaware of a world without
Internet, live a life that seems a million miles removed from the hopes,
dreams and morals of previous generations. They are so hooked into the
digital world that some academics have nicknamed them "the mutants". They
simultaneously. They don't mind paying through the nose for the latest smart
35
that for free online. Aged 13 to 20, they get all the latest trends from social
media and find the morals of their elders out-of-date. People from
social media are as important to them as their friends in real life but
(Benhamou, 2015).
missing out. They can't stand the idea of not being in the loop when
something new and exciting comes out. Facebook is their main poison,
quick messages on Snapchat, Twitter and Tumblr are omnipresent. But it's
not all passive: Generation Z are also putting themselves out there on
(Cruikshank), who made his name at the grand old age of 13. Everyone surfs
the web while watching the TV and they think that everything is possible with
technology. But, they have a short attention span and tend to skim-read
Meet Generation Z
Generation Z, have never known a world without the Internet, cell phones or
36
freely and that information is usually enough to base a decision on. Where
explain something, Gen Z isn't bound by those constraints and can access
the information they need when they need it and get to work. Generation Zs
have become emotionally attached to their digital habits, which keep them
like to have random access to information, love to explore using their own
routes, need graphics, want it fun, and instant feedback (Renfro, 2012).
There are two very computer forward kids (born in 1999). There are also a
connected to the internet, has been taught to type, and in some instances
between early Millennials and Digitarians. Millennials were not taught to type
on a "safer" internet that wasn't as raw, less exploited, and less commercial.
In the 1990's the internet was less policed and monitored, so you rarely got
largest library of software. Digitarians were born into great technology and
high speed internet. They never experienced a phone call disconnecting their
apps, games, and web browsers and grew up in an age where you download
Net Generation
The Net Generation College student works very much like the Internet
itself. His mind resembles "hypertext," meaning that images, sounds and text
link together bits of information. And that mind doesn't sit still for long. Net
Generation students are infamous for their multitasking skills and short
childhood spent watching MTV, movies and video clips online, they have a
natural eye and ear for editing audio, video and text. And since they grew up
They prefer to learn by discovery, rather than simply being told that
38
every curiosity. They read and write customer reviews on books, games and
gadgets, and they trust those peer reviews more than any TV commercial or
"official" critic.
Definition of Terms
2004).
categories of mental health disorders for both adults and children (APA).
39
(Merriam Webster).
messages and keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues (Rouse
2014).
that cause them to feel and behave in socially distressing ways, limiting
their ability to function in relationships and other areas of their life, such as
and yet frequently seems self-centered, you may be dealing with someone
who has narcissistic tendencies but not personality disorder (Melissa &
Tina 2012).
and obsession with one's self to the exclusion of all others and the
40
Netizen derived from the combination of the words "Internet" and "citizen."
The term netizen is used to describe people who use the Internet to
also be used to describe an individual who spends a lot of time on the net
(Webopedia 2010).
websites such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter that creates spaces for
individual to enhance them and show themselves to the rest of the country
and world. Narcissistic people think they are smarter, more important, and
better looking than everyone else even though in reality they are average.
They may have a lot of friends, who know them on a superficial level, but
they do not have empathy for others and they spend a lot of time trying to
gain attention. They look for ways that will make them look good so they can
difference of this present study to those previous studies is that it will focus in
narcissistic tendency. The study will serve as an inspiration for the better
This chapter presents the methodology used in the study which includes
discussion on the methods used, the research subjects and respondents, the
Research Design
that changes overtime. This method was used by the researcher to assess
Research Locale
conducting the study to know if teenagers from these place have narcissistic
tendencies.
43
quantitative data. The criteria for selecting respondents are as follows: (1)
teenagers ages 14-19 years old; (2) live in selected areas of Cavite. (3) has a
Facebook accounts and regularly using their accounts. The participants of the
areas in Cavite. This includes young people who are posting vain photos and
with 50 participants since they are the majority frequent user of Facebook
Research Instrument
interview guide like I change my profile picture to look better than others
44
study. The researchers observed the participants daily activities such as the
clear direction for the participants. Each researcher sent a soft copy of the
participant.
45
Data Analysis
rank were used for quantitative data to identify the profile. The researchers
This chapter presents the data analysis and interpretation of the study
The figures and tables below present and illustrate the distribution of the
Age
22%
46%
14-15
32% 16-17
18-19
age
47
only. This data suggests that teenagers have the access and enough
children, more or less half or 45% of total internet users were the youngest
Gender
40%
60%
Male
Female
gender
48
Nielsen et al (2013) Media data depict some other impressive stats about
male vs. female use of social media, among internet users a greater
percent), on average women have more than twice as many posts on their
of using Facebook
More 3 2 4%
Once a 2 12 24%
day
More 1 36 72%
TOTAL 50 100%
49
as rank 1.
Almost all of the participants are using Facebook more than once a day
which is 72% and they always post photos specifically edited photos. In the
research of 24/7 Wall Street as cited by John Russell (2011) the Asia leads
countries where Facebook penetration is highest; the Philippines tops the list
Larry Rosen from California State University, teens that spend too much time
overusing social media are more prone to vain, aggressive and anti-social
behavior. In the study, the researchers asked the participants How often do
you use your Facebook account? Once a month, once a week, more than
once a week, once a day, more than once a day? Majority of the
Madalas po, kasi I have my own pocket wifi kaya anytime and
araw, may pocket wifi kasi ako kaya lagi ako nakakapag fb
and More than once a day wala rin naman kasi ginagawa, madali na
Legend:
Scale
course maybe they believe that I can idolize even more, I am well
nila na may mga bago akong gamit and because they have time
to like my posts that's why I feel special every time They asserted
that people always give compliment on their posted picture and people
pick the one that they think will get the most likes (Tan, 2012). One of the
which indicates the participants self-seeking attention where they stated that
Tan (2012), studies have proven that Facebook encourages users to engage
52
whenever they post or upload a new photo or status in their accounts and
Facebook, people have opportunity to think about what they prefer to show
others and users can easily put up posts highlighting aspects of their
personalities or shape photos that convey the best images of them in order
view them (Bloom, 2008). The third rank among narcissistic features is
situation that I have those pledge that I can share my sides, and what
you call philosophies in the stream of consciousness and for the body
and intelligence. The respondents felt that the more friends they have or the
better they look in their profile pictures, then the more fabulous
53
beautifying them selves (Ong, 2009). One of the most effective ways to know
ones self is to see yourself as others see it; selfies offer the opportunities
to show the facets of self such as the arty side, the silly side and the
features is positive which means narcissists people think that they are better
ipost para mas madaming likers and ...I feel popular kesa sa iba
more likely to spend more than an hour a day on Facebook and were more
and wall activity posting self-serving links like My celebrity look-alikes. The
participants will just achieve the pleasure that they want if they compare
54
themselves and others. Lastly, the fifth rank which obtained the scale of 4.27
me feel that they are waiting for my posts everyday, Copying the
way I post or edit photos it is really big deal for me I think iniidolo nila
ako na ginagaya They tend to have narcissistic tendencies with the way
they think they are in social media particularly in Facebook. In the study of
Salimkhan et al, 2010, social networking sites enable users to construct new
visual symbols and language codes to represent their ideal self to impress
their peers; these codes and symbols compose the visual environment of
55
Test Statistics
Df 1 1
=0.05
0.05 for age and .157 for gender which is greater than the tabular value of
3.841. The decision is to accept the null hypothesis H0 and accept the
alternative hypothesis Ha. The data evidently shows that there is a significant
relationship in terms of age and gender and both male and female are
too much time on Facebook are more likely to show narcissistic tendencies
behavior and that excessive use can lead to poor academic performance. The
more Facebook friends in their networks, the more active teens they tend to be
and it might be that more participants are socially active and they tend to
also tend to participate in a broader range of social sites, not just Facebook
(Sterling, 2013).
57
Tendencies
Coefficients
1 ( 4. . 1 . 4.220 5.544
b. Alpha level=0.05
Since the alpha level basis is 0.05 and the result of computed value is 0.2 the
decision is to reject the null hypothesis. Thus the Beta error is -.327 that
tendencies.
1990s through 2010. The Internet, technology, war, terrorism, the recession,
58
understanding and each has always had a device connected to the internet,
has been taught to type, and in some instances was taught how to program
early in school. Digitarians know apps, games, and web browsers. Instead of
today have little need to await direction. They can access whatever
information they need relatively freely and that information is usually enough
As cited by Roos (2007) the net generation college student works very
much like the Internet itself. His mind resembles "hypertext," meaning that
images, sounds and text link together bits of information. And that mind
doesn't sit still for long. Net Generation students are infamous for their
multitasking skills and short attention spans. Growing up online, they are
uninspiring. The Net Generation is not only adept at process information from
presentations. From a childhood spent watching MTV, movies and video clips
online, they have a natural eye and ear for editing audio, video and text. And
59
learners. They prefer to learn by discovery, rather than simply being told that
something is true. They're used to the online world, where Google answers
every curiosity. They read and write customer reviews on books, games and
gadgets, and they trust those peer reviews more than any TV commercial or
"official" critic.
CHAPTER V
on the topic. The conclusions given were drawn from the outcomes of the
choose this topic since the generation is addicted to social networking sites
specially Facebook and spend hours posting selfies and everyday happening
in their lives. Also the researchers would like to know if the frequency of
The researchers first get the demographic profile of the respondents, the
narcissistic. In addition the study also relates the demographic profile of the
teenagers in selected areas in Cavite. The participants were 14-19 years old
online activities in Facebook for about two weeks prior to sending survey
questionnaire.
61
participants and are more active in using Facebook than male. They used
Facebook more than once a day posting and responding online. It was found
out that all of the participants manifest a high narcissistic tendency with the
Furthermore, the result in the participants profile indicates that both male
and female are frequently using Facebook since the computed chi-square
value of 4.360 is less than the critical value of 5.991 with a degree of
Participants are mostly belonging to 18-19 years old; this range of age
because female are more sociable and expressive about their lifestyle,
Majority of the participants used Facebook more than once a day for a
all of people have their own smartphones. Additionally, they often posts
and update their friends on Facebook because they seek for attention
and compliments from others and some participants said they are quite
The study also reveals that generally all of the participants have a
where they prefer to brag and display all their emotions online. Since
somehow that they do not receive enough attention from the people
63
online and get attention and higher self-esteem from people who see
participants.
Recommendation
their Abnormal Psychology course so that they will not be confused in the
The parents of the respondents should know the effect of frequent posting
and should guide their children on limiting every single detail that they post
online. They are the ones who will inform their children that it will
64
The study is recommended for the teenagers who are active in Facebook;
they should be aware that too much posting on Facebook will lead to
having narcissistic tendency. They should take extra care when using
social networking sites and limit themselves in posting vain photos and
status.
scope of the study specifically the variables like the predictors, factors and
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Campbell, W.K., & Foster, J.D. (2007) The narcissistic self: Background,
an extended agency model and ongoing controversies.
Chan,A.(2014).18SignsyoureDealingwithaNarcissist
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/04/signs-of-
narcissism_n_4696772.html
Miller, J.D., & Campbell, W.K. (2008) Comparing Clinical and Social
Personality Conceptualizations of Narcissism. Journal of Personality,
76(3)449-476.doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00492.x
Niemer, E., (2012) Teenagers and Social Media How to connect with
and protectyour kids online
67
Peluchette, J., & Karl, K., (2007) The impact of workplace attire on
employee self-perceptions. DOI: 10.1002/hrdq.1208 Manila Bulletin,
(p.H4)
Walther, J.B., Van Der Heide, B., Kim S. Y., Westerman, D. Tong, S.T.
(2008).The role of friends appearance and behavior on evaluations of
68
Yazon, Giovanni Paolo (March 31, 2007). "Social networking to the higher
level".Manila Standard Today.Retrieved 2008-06-23.