Scs May17 Preseen

Strategic case study exam May 2017 pre-seen materials
May 2017 Strategic case study examination

Pre-seen materials
Contents
Page
Soft drinks market 3

Retail sales value breakdown 4
Company background 6
Manufacturing process 8
Cost of making a can of Froot 9
Organisation chart 10
Fizzs Board of Directors 11
Extracts from Fizzs Risk Register 12
Fizzs strategy 14
Extracts from Fizzs financial statements 15
Extracts from Qwenchs financial statements 17
Qwench accounting policy extracts 19
Share prices for Fizz and Qwench 20
Industry and market ratios 21
Press clippings 22
CIMA2017 No reproduction without prior consent 1

You are the Senior Manager in Fizz which is a large company that manufactures soft drinks.
Fizz has its head office in Nortland and is quoted on the Nortland Stock Exchange. You
report directly to the Board and advise on special projects and strategic matters.
Nortland uses International Financial Reporting Standards.
Nortlands currency is the N$.

The soft drinks market

Any drink that does not contain alcohol is classed as a soft drink.
Retail sales of soft drinks in Nortland amounted to N$12.3 billion in the year to 31 December
2016.
Soft drinks can be split into two main categories: carbonated soft drinks (CSDs) and still
drinks. Carbonated soft drinks have carbon dioxide (CO2) gas dissolved in them in order to
create bubbles when they are opened and consumed. Still drinks do not contain CO2 gas.
CSDs include a wide range of drinks, such as cola, fruit-flavour drinks and sparkling water.
Some drinks contain caffeine to make them refreshing. Some contain a high concentration of
caffeine or another stimulant and additional sugar so that they can be marketed as energy
drinks. Some CSDs are sold as mixers because they are generally mixed with alcohol
before consumption.
Still drinks include fruit juice and juice-flavoured drinks, still water, dairy-based drinks such
as flavoured milk, and squashes, which are sold as concentrates and are diluted with water
before drinking.
Care has to be taken with the words flavour and flavoured in the food industry. A drink
can be sold as, say, orange flavour if it tastes like orange juice, even if the flavour has been
derived from artificial flavouring. The drink would actually have to contain orange juice in
order to be described as orange flavoured.
Manufacturers have two main distribution channels for their products:
The off-trade comprises bulk sales to major retailers and wholesalers who supply smaller
retailers. The final consumers who buy these drinks will be expected to consume them
off the vendors premises.
Off-trade products are packaged as cans and bottles, ranging from individual servings of
250ml, 330 ml or 500ml up to 1 litre, 2 litre or 3 litre bottles for sharing.
Some major retailers sell their own-brand drinks alongside branded products from
manufacturers such as Fizz. Own-brand products accounted for 23% of the off-trade
market by value in 2016.
The on-trade comprises sales to
cafes, restaurants, bars and
other outlets where consumers
are expected to consume the
drinks on the premises. Major on-
trade outlets will buy directly from
the manufacturer, but there are
also wholesalers who service the
on-trade channel.
On-trade sales can be in the
form of cans or bottles for
consumption on the premises or
as syrups that are pumped
through a soda fountain
dispenser that mixes the syrup with carbonated water to create drinks that are sold by
the glass. Bars often sell small cans and bottles as mixers, or they can add a small dash
of a soft drink from a dispenser.

Nortlands overall soft drinks market breaks down by retail sales value as follows:


Off-trade sales are split 49% CSD and 51% still by value. On-trade are 72% CSD and 28%
still.
Retail sales of soft drinks in Nortland totalled N$12.3 billion in the year to 31 December
2016, of which N$8.2 billion was off-trade and N$4.1 billion was on-trade.
Retail prices are significantly higher for on-trade sales and so on-trade sales account for
approximately 10% of soft drink sales by volume, despite being roughly 33% by value
Company background
Fizz was founded by the Clann family in 1890. The companys first products were marketed
as refreshing tonics that were designed to settle mild stomach upsets and to help invalids to
keep themselves hydrated.
Fizz sells soft drinks (non-alcoholic). The company manufactured 422 million litres of soft
drinks in the year to 31 December 2016.
Fizz was listed on the Nortland Stock Exchange in 1962. The Clann family still holds 18% of
the companys shares.
Several of Fizzs earliest products are still in production, most notably Froot, a carbonated
soft drink that is very popular in Nortland and has a growing global market.
The companys main products are:
CSD (carbonated) drinks
Froot The companys most popular product that has changed very little since it
was first sold as Fizz Fruit Drink in 1890. The drinks name had to
change to Froot in the 1960s because changing consumer protection
legislation would have required a significant increase in the amount of
fruit, as opposed to fruit flavourings, contained in the drink. Froot is
widely available from on-trade and off-trade outlets throughout Nortland.
Froot has a refreshing taste. The regular version is sweetened with corn
syrup, which contains a great deal of fructose, a naturally occurring
sugar, but there is also a sugar-free version that is sweetened artificially.
A 330ml can of Froot contains about as much caffeine as a cup of coffee.
Fizz Fizz sells a range of carbonated drinks, including Fizz Cola, Fizz Orange
Carbonated and Fizz Cream Soda. These drinks sell steadily through the off-trade
sector, but they are not market leaders.
Fizz Carbonated drinks have both regular and sugar free versions and
they contain the same level of caffeine as Froot.
Funn Funn is a range of energy drinks that are marketed primarily at

consumers in their teens and early 20s. A can of Funn contains a
significant quantity of sugar to give the consumer an energy boost and a
concentrated shot of caffeine, equivalent to drinking three cups of coffee
or three cans of a traditional carbonated drink such as Froot.

Still drinks
Clann Cordial Clann Cordial is a concentrated drink that is mixed with water before
consumption. It comes in a range of fruit flavours. It is sold through the
off-trade channel.
Joocy Juice Joocy Juice is a range of real fruit juices that are sold in 1 litre cartons.
Juicy Juice is a premium brand. It is made by harvesting fruit and having
it pressed locally. The resulting juice is then packaged into cartons
immediately and shipped to Nortland for sale.
Fizzs competitors use concentrated juice. They extract the juice and
then evaporate away most of the water content. The concentrated juice is
then shipped to Nortland in tanks. The juice is reconstituted by adding
water before packaging it in cartons. This process is far cheaper, but the
process affects the flavour of the juice and removes some of its vitamin
content. Joocy Juice is made by extracting the juice and packaging it on-
site. The resulting juice is said to taste better and have a higher vitamin
content because it has not been processed to extract the water.
In addition, Fizz sells Clann Spring Water in both carbonated and still versions. The water is
collected from a spring that surfaces in a plot of land close to Fizzs factory in Nortland. Both
still and carbonated water is packaged in cans and bottles for sale through off-trade and on-
trade.
Fizz is one of the largest manufacturers of soft drinks in Nortland.
Fizzs main competitor is Qwench which manufactures its
own range of CSDs and still drinks. Qwench also has the
franchise to bottle and sell a global-brand of cola drink. The
cola drinks manufacturer makes and sells its drink in the
USA. It achieves global sales by selling its drink as a
concentrated syrup, which it sells in bulk to a designated
franchisee in each national market. The franchisee dilutes the
syrup with carbonated water and sells it in bottles and cans
that are identical to those made by the original manufacturer.
Qwench generates 45% of its revenues from this franchising
arrangement.

The manufacturing process

Carbonated drinks, including Froot, are largely water, although this is combined with a host
of other ingredients that are necessary to create not only the flavour, but also the colour and
the physical sensations associated with consuming these drinks. For example, acids not only
preserve the product, they create a sharpness to the drink and stimulate saliva flow.
The water used in the drinks must be very pure. Apart from health risks, any impurities or
bacteria could taint the flavour and could result in rapid deterioration, including clouding of
the product which would make it unsaleable. Fizz filters and sterilises all water.
There is a cooking process to create
the syrup that provides the colour
and the distinctive taste of each
drink. The syrups are highly
concentrated so that they can be
combined with the purified water and
the sugar or artificial sweeteners to
create the basic drink. All that needs
to be done to complete the
production process is the addition of
CO2.
Finally, the carbonated drinks are
bottled or canned and the filled
containers are sealed to prevent the
escape of the CO2 gas.
Clann Cordial is made in a very
similar manner, although there is a
much higher concentration of syrup and the product does not contain CO2.
All of Fizzs carbonated drinks and cordials are manufactured at a single factory, with several
production lines. The factory has canning and bottling facilities on site and a distribution
centre.
Joocy Juice is made by pressing fresh fruit, with the resulting juices filtered and packaged
immediately by third parties located close to the origin of the juice. The packaged juices are
shipped to Nortland. The logistical arrangements for the transportation and delivery of the
juices are managed by Fizzs distribution centre. Some of the juice is delivered directly to
customers, such as major supermarkets. The remainder is delivered to the distribution
centre at Fizzs factory.

Cost of making a can of Froot
The costings of making a 330ml can of Froot are as follows:

N$
Raw materials
Carbonated water 0.0038
High fructose corn syrup 0.0788
Colouring 0.0074
Phosphoric acid 0.0045
Natural flavours 0.0900
Caffeine 0.0023
Aluminium can 0.0500
Total materials 0.2368
Labour 0.0300
Manufacturing overheads 0.0250
Shipping 0.0600
Total cost 0.3518
Fizz also sells Froot in 500ml cans, 1 litre and 2 litre bottles and as cartons of concentrated
syrup for sales to bars, cafes and restaurants that are equipped with soda fountains.

Organisation Chart
CEO
Finance Production Human Marketing

Director Director Resources Director
Director
Buying IT Logistics Sales

Department Department Department Department
Production Human
Department Resources
Department

Fizzs Board
Walter Clann, Chairman
Hong Li, Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
Mary Shannon, Finance Director
Anthony Renfrew, Marketing Director
Simon Bridges, Production Director
Gayle Forbes, Human Resource Director
Dora Matthews, Non-Executive Director
Bilal Bhatti, Non-Executive Director
Donald Froost, Non-Executive Director
Michelle Adams, Non-Executive Director

Risk register extracts
Medium Risk 9-14

Risk factor (LxS)
High Risk 15-25

1=Minor impact
5=Major impact
Responsibility
Low Risk 1-8
5=Very likely
Likelihood
1=Unlikely
Severity
Control
Risk
Operational
Problems with Constant quality Production

product safety. checks are manager
2 4 8 conducted at each
stage in the
manufacturing
process.
Supplies of raw Fizz takes pride in Chief buyer

materials may be selecting only high
interrupted. 3 4 12 quality and
dependable
suppliers.
Failure of key IT 3 5 15 Fizz maintains IT manager

systems. backup systems.
Disruption of Fizz works closely Logistics

deliveries. with all relevant manager
3 5 15 authorities and
monitors factors
such as the
weather.
Commercial
Intellectual property Fizz invests in Board

rights may be trademark and
compromised. other forms of
3 3 9 protection. Legal
enforcement is
used when
necessary.

Commercial continued
Legislation or tax Fizz maintains Board

penalties to good relations with
discourage the sale 2 5 10 government.
of high calorie
products.
Changing consumer Fizz conducts Sales

tastes may lead to 4 5 20 constant market manager
declining sales. research.
Financial risks, Financial markets Finance

including volatility in 4 5 20 are kept under manager
currency and constant review.
commodity prices.

Fizz strategy
The Board of Fizz is committed to pursuing the following strategies:
Maintain growth in core markets

Fizz is well established in Nortland, selling a wide range of popular soft drinks.
There could be opportunities that would be worth exploiting. For example, demand for
bottled water is increasing and the Clann Spring Water brand is not particularly prominent.
Fizz needs to retain the values associated with its product range, whilst ensuring that new
products are developed.
Exploit global opportunities

Fizz is essentially a domestic manufacturer, with considerable strength in its Nortland base.
Fizz has had limited success in exporting Froot, with most exports being to supply retailers in
holiday destinations that are popular with tourists from Nortland, who wish to buy familiar
products. It is extremely difficult to break into mainstream drinks retailing.
Develop consumer trust

Soft drinks have been associated with a number of health scares in recent years and Fizz
must take care to develop both products and marketing strategies that can overcome such
difficulties.

Extracts from financial statements

Fizz
Consolidated income statement
For the year ended 31 December
2016 2015
N$m N$m
Revenue 336.2 365.3

Cost of sales (166.4) (175.6)
Gross profit 169.8 189.7
Operating expenses (94.0) (92.3)
Operating profit 75.8 97.4
Finance costs (1.1) (0.4)
Profit before tax 74.7 97.0
Income tax expense (8.7) (10.3)
Profit for year 66.0 86.7

Fizz
Consolidated statement of financial position
As at 31 December
2016 2015
N$m N$m
Non-current assets
Intangible assets 141.9 109.2
Property, plant and equipment 116.0 109.8
257.9 219.0
Current assets
Inventories 21.4 19.8
Trade receivables 68.0 69.8
Cash and cash equivalents 10.4 7.0
99.8 96.6
Total assets 357.7 315.6
Equity
Share capital and share premium 17.6 17.6
Retained earnings 255.2 220.0
272.8 237.6
Non-current liabilities
Borrowings 21.3 10.4
Deferred tax 10.1 9.8
31.4 20.2
Current liabilities
Trade payables 45.3 47.8
Current tax 8.2 10.0
53.5 57.8
357.7 315.6

Extracts from financial statements of Fizzs closest competitor

Qwench
Consolidated income statement
For the year ended 31 December
2016 2015
N$m N$m
Revenue 1,690.1 1,882.2

Cost of sales (703.5) (753.4)
Gross profit 986.6 1,128.8
Operating expenses (654.1) (680.5)
Operating profit 332.5 448.3
Finance costs (27.2) (30.9)
Profit before tax 305.3 417.4
Tax on profit (42.9) (36.5)
Profit for year 262.4 380.9

Qwench
Consolidated statement of financial position
As at 31 December
2016 2015
N$m N$m
Non-current assets
Intangible assets 702.7 704.6
Property, plant and equipment 332.1 305.0
1,034.8 1,009.6
Current assets
Inventories 118.8 109.5
Trade receivables 379.1 359.8
Derivative financial instruments 67.4 -
Cash and cash equivalents 316.3 184.3
881.6 653.6
Total assets 1,916.4 1,663.2
Equity
Share capital and share premium 140.3 140.3
Cash flow hedge reserve 68.3 (4.8)
Retained earnings 774.5 592.8
983.1 728.3
Non-current liabilities
Loans 340.0 386.3
Deferred tax 49.3 46.1
389.3 432.4
Current liabilities
Trade payables 505.1 463.2
Derivative financial instruments - 4.6
Current tax 38.9 34.7
544.0 502.5
1,916.4 1,663.2

Qwench
Accounting policy extracts
Derivative financial instruments

Derivatives are initially recognised at their fair value whenever derivative contracts are
entered into. They are subsequently re-measured at their fair values.
The gain or loss on re-measurement to fair value is recognised immediately in the statement
of profit or loss, unless they are accounted for under hedge accounting. Where the
instruments qualify for hedge accounting, recognition of any resultant gain or loss depends
on the nature of the item being hedged.
Where hedge accounting is applicable, Qwench documents the relationship between
hedging instruments and hedged items, as well the risk management objectives and
strategy. Qwench also documents the basis on which it believes the hedge to be highly
effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of hedged items.
Cash flow hedges

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and
qualify as cash flow hedges are recognised in other comprehensive income.
The gain or loss relating to any ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the statement
of profit or loss.
Cumulative amounts recognised in other comprehensive income are recycled through profit
or loss in the period when the hedged item affects profit or loss.

Share prices for Fizz and Qwench
Share prices
1800
1600
1400
Share prices in Cents
1200
1000
800 Fizz
600 Qwench
400
200

Some Industry & Market Ratios
Soft Drink Industry Median Stock Market Median
Share Price/Sales Ratio 1.77 1.67
Share Price/Earnings Ratio 26.20 20.59
Share Price/Book Ratio 6.05 1.96

Press clippings
Daily News
Are soft drink manufacturers ignoring
obesity risks?
The blog site Fighting Fat has been running a hugely successful campaign against
the sugar in soft drinks that children love. There are now over 500,000 bloggers on the
site.
The soft drinks manufacturers are fighting back with their own publicity claiming that
parents need to take some responsibility themselves and prevent their children drinking
so many sweet fizzy drinks.
Many schools have banned sugary drinks in their snack shops due to parent and
government pressure.
Financial Daily News

12th May 2017
Fizzs profits fall

The publication of Fizzs 2016 results competition from soft drinks manufacturers
saw share prices fall slightly. This was overseas and that Fizz had in fact done
not unexpected and the share price fell well.
only slightly.
Industry analysts noted that Qwench, Fizzs
The companys Board released a largest competitor, had already reported a
statement reassuring shareholders that far more severe decline in profits and so
trading conditions in 2016 had been Fizzs performance dip had been expected.
difficult due to increasing

Daily News
The True Cost Of Sugary Drinks
The increasing incidence of obesity is having a profound effect on the nations health
and is diverting increasing amounts of resources from the health service.
Fatty foods used to be the main cause of obesity, but foods and drinks with high sugar
content are emerging as more significant causes.
Governments are increasingly concerned about the rising costs of illnesses such as
type 2 diabetes and cancer, which have risen alongside an obesity epidemic. The
battle between food companies and governments may be only just beginning; if health
systems fail under the strain of obesity-related diseases, regulators will act to prevent
rather than treat them afterwards.
Several countries are introducing legislation to help curb intake of sugary foods;
health warnings, sales taxes, banning of junk foods in schools, restrictions on
advertising to children and reduced portion sizes will become more prevalent.

Daily News
Health Watchdog Issues Warning on
Energy Drinks
The current fashion for young adults to drink energy drinks has led to a warning from
the medical profession concerning the safety of those drinks.
Energy drinks are sold as dietary supplements, which means that there are fewer
restrictions on the concentration of the stimulants that give them their refreshing
properties. Legally, soft drinks cannot contain more than 71mg of caffeine in a can, but
there is no legal limit on the quantity that can be added to an energy drink. Some
products contain as much as 400mg per can, equivalent to drinking several cups of
strong coffee.
Most consumers are aware of the effects of caffeine but many do not realise that energy
drinks usually contain other stimulants as well, such as guarana, which is essentially a
compound of caffeine. Doctors are concerned that consumers do not fully understand
the risks that they are taking.
Dr Surya Prakash, a consultant physician specialising in eating disorders, warned

consumers that consuming that quantity of caffeine could increase blood pressure and
might affect behaviour. He recommended that consumers should not drink these
products on a daily basis and that they should never drink more than one can in a single
day.

Scs May17 Preseen

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Scs May17 Preseen

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Strategic case study exam May 2017 pre-seen materials

May 2017 Strategic case study examination

Soft drinks market 3

CIMA2017 No reproduction without prior consent 1

CIMA2017 No reproduction without prior consent 2

The soft drinks market

CIMA2017 No reproduction without prior consent 3

CIMA2017 No reproduction without prior consent 4

CIMA2017 No reproduction without prior consent 5

CSD (carbonated) drinks

Funn Funn is a range of energy drinks that are marketed primarily at

CIMA2017 No reproduction without prior consent 6

CIMA2017 No reproduction without prior consent 7

The manufacturing process

CIMA2017 No reproduction without prior consent 8

Cost of making a can of Froot

The costings of making a 330ml can of Froot are as follows:

CIMA2017 No reproduction without prior consent 9

Finance Production Human Marketing

Buying IT Logistics Sales

CIMA2017 No reproduction without prior consent 10

Walter Clann, Chairman

Hong Li, Chief Executive Officer (CEO)

Mary Shannon, Finance Director

Anthony Renfrew, Marketing Director

Simon Bridges, Production Director

Gayle Forbes, Human Resource Director

Dora Matthews, Non-Executive Director

Bilal Bhatti, Non-Executive Director

Donald Froost, Non-Executive Director

Michelle Adams, Non-Executive Director

CIMA2017 No reproduction without prior consent 11

Risk register extracts

Medium Risk 9-14

High Risk 15-25

Problems with Constant quality Production

Supplies of raw Fizz takes pride in Chief buyer

Failure of key IT 3 5 15 Fizz maintains IT manager

Disruption of Fizz works closely Logistics

Intellectual property Fizz invests in Board

CIMA2017 No reproduction without prior consent 12

Legislation or tax Fizz maintains Board

Changing consumer Fizz conducts Sales

Financial risks, Financial markets Finance

CIMA2017 No reproduction without prior consent 13

The Board of Fizz is committed to pursuing the following strategies:

Maintain growth in core markets

Exploit global opportunities

Develop consumer trust

CIMA2017 No reproduction without prior consent 14

Extracts from financial statements

Revenue 336.2 365.3

CIMA2017 No reproduction without prior consent 15

Total assets 357.7 315.6

CIMA2017 No reproduction without prior consent 16

Extracts from financial statements of Fizzs closest competitor

Revenue 1,690.1 1,882.2

CIMA2017 No reproduction without prior consent 17

Total assets 1,916.4 1,663.2

CIMA2017 No reproduction without prior consent 18

Accounting policy extracts

Derivative financial instruments

Cash flow hedges

CIMA2017 No reproduction without prior consent 19