Alain PECKER
Build
Own
Peloponese
Operate
Transfer
KEY DATES
Overview of project
Geotechnical and environmental conditions
Description of foundation system
Design strategy
Construction methods
ANTIRION
Gulf of Corinth
RION
RION ANTIRION
0 m 65 m
9
GEOTECHNICAL CONDITIONS
WEAK ALLUVIUMS :
RION ANTIRION
65 m.
SOIL CHARACTERISTICS
0
Depth below ground surface
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Frequent
Unacceptable
Occasional Es
sen Ba
sic performance
tia ob
l/H j ec
Sa az tiv
fet a rdo e
Rare y Cr u
itic so
bje
al cti
ob ve
jec
Very Rare tiv
e
DESIGN SPECTRUM
Sea bed level
1.5
Damping 5 %
S pectral acceleration (g )
M = 7.0
1.0
Return period 2000 y
0.5
0.0
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
Period (s)
TECTONIC MOVEMENTS
PIER BASE
16 knots
RION ANTIRION
180 000 t
CONTROLLING FACTORS
PILES
EMBEDDED CAISSONS
SOIL SUBSTITUTION
SHALLOW FOUNDATION
n
n 1
N Brittle links Ductile link Ductile chain
CAPACITY DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
M T
O
Yield design theory
M M / CB 2 N
T T / CB
N N / CB
BOUNDING N = 860 MN - L = 25 m - S = 7 m
SURFACE
WITHOUT WITH
inclusions Gravel layer
Overturning moment (MN m)
35000 WITH
30000 inclusions
WITHOUT
25000 Gravel
20000 layer
15000
10000
5000
30000 7m x 7m
M=V.h
20000
9m x 9m
10000
0
0 200 400 600 800
Horizontal shear force (MN)
EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION
Centrifuge tests
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Horizontal shear force at foundation level (MN)
MONOTONIC FAILURE LOAD
120
80
60
40
20
0
0 50 100
Measured failure load (MN)
CYCLIC LOAD
75% Failure load
Horizontal force (MN) 50
30 11
10 10
10
-10
-30
-50
-0.50 -0.30 -0.10 0.10 0.30 0.50
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Horizontal shear force (MN)
GRAVEL BED DESIGN
SEISMIC DEMAND
SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION
DYNAMIC MACRO ELEMENT
V Nonlinearities :
geometrical (interface behaviour) :
M
H Uplift model
Wave propagation :
FAR FIELD dissipation of radiation energy
Dynamic elastic impedances
K C
RHEOLOGICAL MODEL
FOUNDATION
SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION
500
Horizontal shear force (MN)
250
Time (s)
PIER OFFSET DURING EARTHQUAKE
0.15
0.10
0.05
Uy [m]
0.00
-0.40 -0.35 -0.30 -0.25 -0.20 -0.15 -0.10 -0.05 0.05 0.10
-0.05
-0.10
-0.15
Ux [m]
TECTONIC MOVEMENTS
CONSTRUCTION METHODS
Off-Shore Foundations
Cable stayed
bridge
Inclusions
END OF AN EXCEPTIONAL
TECHNICAL CHALLENGE
AND HUMAN ADVENTURE
CONCLUSIONS
Key factors to the success