Anda di halaman 1dari 15

xc

g Proj: Admin
Ref : 2
Tel:d Date: 28/08/17
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Flanged (T) beam section

Calculation of main and links reinforcement for flanged (T) beam in accordance with BS EN 1992-1-1:2004 and UK National
Annex to BS EN 1992-1-1:2004 using the equivalent rectangular concrete stress block method

Section details
Clear span L = 3.000 m
Overall depth of the beam d = 600 mm
Web width of the beam b = 450 mm
w
Flange depth of the beam h = 200 mm
f
Flange width of the beam b = 1000 mm

Span type - Continuous(Exterior)

Material details
Concrete strength class f = C30/37
ck
Partial safety factor for concrete = 1.5
c
Reinforcement steel design strength f = 500 MPa
yk
Reinforcement steel class Class - C
Partial safety factor for reinforcement steel = 1.15
s

Exposure class - XC1 (Corrosion induced by carbonation-Dry or permanently wet)


Structural class - S4 (Design working life 50 years-Building and other common structures)

Redistribution of moments = 0%

Concrete cover details


Specified top cover to links C = 30 mm
top
Specified bottom cover to links C = 30 mm
btm
Specified sides cover to links C = 30 mm
sid
Allowance for deviation C = 10 mm
dev

Vertical link reinforcement details


Number of link legs N = 2
leg
Link bar diameter = 10 mm
links

Tension reinforcement details


Maximum number of layers of tension reinforcement = 1
Tension bar diameter = 16 mm
ten

Compression reinforcement details


Maximum nnumber of layers of compression reinforcement = 1
Compression bar diameter = 16 mm
com

Design forces details


Maximum ultimate design sagging moment M = 47.2 kNm
span
(this moment occurs at span)
Ultimate design hogging moment at LH support M = -30.3 kNm
left
Ultimate design shear force at LH support V = 81.3 kN
left
Ultimate design shear force at RH support V = -61.2 kN
right

Envelopes from Multi Span :


Maximum Load : 1.35Gk+1.5Qk
Minimum Load : 1.0Gk+0.0Qk
% Redistribution = 0
Load Patterns :
All spans loaded with maximum load
Alternate spans loaded with maximum / minimum load
Adjacent pairs of spans loaded with maximum load

Load Description Type A B C Gk Qk


2 Poin 1.0 1.0 10.0 10.0
UDL 0 3.0 10.0 10.0

Elastic Support Moments Support Reactions


UpLt DnLt UpRt DnRt Lt Rt
Max 91.4 61.2
Min 32.1 21.5
Crack width check details
Coefficient for type of reinforcement bar k = 0.8 (Ribbed bars)
1
Factor dependent on the load duration k = 0.6 (Short term loading)
t
Allowed crack width Wk = 0.30 mm
all

Xu/d check details


eff
Neutral axis to effective depth ratio check - Elastic analysis

Main reinforcement calculations

Maximum ultimate design span moment-Sagging


M = M
span
47.2 kNm
Tension reinforcement bars are provided in bottom face.
Check for nominal concrete cover to link reinforcement
Minimum concrete cover to link reinforcement based on main reinforcement bond requirement (EC2-Table 4.2)
Top face
C = -
bondtop com links
= 16-10
= 6 mm
Bottom face
C = -
bondbtm ten links
= 16-10
= 6 mm
Side faces
C = -
bondsid ten links
= 16-10
= 6 mm
Minimum concrete cover to link reinforcement based on durability requirement (UK National Annex to EC2-Table NA.1)
Top, bottom and side faces
C = 15 mm
dur
Nominal concrete cover requirement to link reinforcement (EC2-Clause 4.4.1.1)
Top face
C = C +C
nomtop dur dev
= 15+10
= 25 mm
Bottom face
C = C +C
nombtm dur dev
= 15+10
= 25 mm
Sides faces
C = C +C
nomsid dur dev
= 15+10
= 25 mm
The specified top, bottom and sides covers satisfies the bond/durability requirement plus allowance for deviation.

Effective depth
d = d-C - - /2
eff btm links ten
= 600-30-10-16/2
= 552 mm
Effective cover
d' = C + + /2
eff top links com
= 30+10+16/2
= 48 mm
K - Value
K = (M*106)/(b*(d 2)*f )
eff ck
= (47.168*106)/(1000*((552)2)*30)
= 0.00516
K' - Value
Ratio of redistribution of moments
= (1-PERCENTR/100)
= (1-0/100)
= 1
Co-efficient for moment redistribution - k1 (UK National Annex to EC2-Subclause 5.5(4)-Table NA.1)
k1 = 0.4
Ultimate compressive strain in concrete (EC2-Table 3.1)
= 0.0035
cu3
Co-efficient for moment redistribution - k2 (UK National Annex to EC2-Subclause 5.5(4)-Table NA.1)
k2 = (0.6+0.0014/ )
cu3
= (0.6+0.0014/0.0035)
= 1
Limiting depth of the neutral axis for elastic analysis (EC2-Clause 5.5)
X = ((-k1)/k2)*d
lim eff
= ((1-0.4)/1)*552
= 331.2 mm
Coefficient taking account of long effects on the compressive strength and of unfavourable effects
(UK National Annex to EC2-Subclause 3.1.6(1)P-Table NA.1)
= 0.85
cc
Factor defining the effective height of compression zone for rectangular stress diagram (EC2-Clause 3.1.7)
= 0.8
Factor defining the effective strength of concrete (EC2-Clause 3.1.7)
= 1
K' - Value
K' = *X ***(d -*X /2)/((d 2)* )
cc lim eff lim eff c
= 0.85*331.2*1*0.8*(552-0.8*331.2/2)/(((552)2)*1.5)
= 0.207
K is less than K'. Hence design the section as singly reinforced section.

Required reinforcement area


Actual neutral axis depth based on design moment
X = (d /)*(1-SQR(1-2* *K/( *)))
act eff c cc
= (552/0.8)*(1-SQR(1-2*1.5*(5.16*10-3)/(0.85*1)))
= 6.31 mm
The depth of the * X lies in flange portion.
act
Lever arm
Z = d -*X /2
eff act
= 552-0.8*6.31/2
= 549.48 mm
Since lever arm exceeds 0.95 times effective depth. consider the limiting value
Z = 0.95*d
eff
= 0.95*552
= 524.4 mm
Design tensile strength of steel
f = f /
yd yk s
= 500/1.15
= 434.78 N/mm2
Required tension reinforcement area
A = (M*(106))/(f *Z)
sreq yd
= (47.17*(106))/(434.78*524.4)
= 206.88 mm2

Provided reinforcement area


Area of single tension bar
A = ( 2)*(PI/4)
s ten
= ((16)2)*(3/4)
= 201 mm2
Number of tension bars
N = INT(A /A )+1
t sreq s
= INT(207/201)+1
= 2
Provided tension reinforcement area
A = N *A
spro t s
= 2*201
= 402 mm2
Use 2 nos. of 16 mm tension bars

Check for minimum reinforcement limit (EC2-Clause 9.2.1.1)


Mean value of concrete cylinder compressive strength
f = f +8
cm ck
= 30+8
= 38 MPa
Mean value of axial tensile strength of concrete
f = 0.3*(f )(2/3)
ctm ck
= 0.3*(30)(2/3)
= 2.9 MPa
Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete
E = 22*((f /10)0.3)*1000
cm cm
= 22*((38/10)0.3)*1000
= 32836.57 MPa
Modular ratio
n = E /E
s cm
= 200000/32836.57
= 6.09
Area of concrete within tensile zone, which is calculated to be in tension just before formation of the first crack
A = b *(d-(d*b *d/2+d *n*d )/(b *d+d *n))
ct w w eff eff w eff
= 450*(600-(600*450*600/2+552*6.09*552)/(450*600+552*6.09))
= 133605.28 mm2
Coefficient for stress distribution within the section immediately prior to cracking and of the change of the lever arm
k = 0.4 (for bending without axial force)
c
Coefficient which allows for the effect of non-uniform self-equilibrating stresses
k = 1-(((d-300)/(800-300))*(1-0.65))
d
= 1-(((600-300)/(800-300))*(1-0.65))
= 0.79
Minimum reinforcement based on crack-width control
A = k *k *A *(f /f )
smin1 c d ct ctm yk
= 0.4*0.79*133605.3*(2.9/500)
= 244.57 mm2
Minimum reinforcement based on cross-section
A = (0.26*(f /f )*b *d )
smin2 ctm yk w eff
= (0.26*(2.9/500)*450*552)
= 374.13 mm2
A = (0.0013*b *d )
smin3 w eff
= (0.0013*450*552)
= 322.92 mm2
Minimum reinforcement
A = A
smin smin2
374.13 mm2
Provided tension reinforcement area is greater than the minimum reinforcement limit.

Check for maximum reinforcement limit (EC2-Clause 9.2.1.1)


Overall maximum reinforcement
A = 0.04*b *d
smax w
= 0.04*450*600
= 10800 mm2
Provided tension reinforcement area is less than the maximum reinforcement limit.

Check for minimum horizontal spacing limit for tension bars


Link standard internal bend radius (UK National Annex to EC2-Table NA.6a)
bendradi = 2*
links
= 2*10
= 20 mm
Actual clear horizontal spacing between the tension bars for single layer
S = (b -2*C -2* -2*bendradi-(N -1)* )/(N -1)
Hact w sid links t ten t
= (450-2*30-2*10-2*20-(2-1)*16)/(2-1)
= 314 mm
Minimum horizontal spacing limit for tension bars (EC2-Clause 8.2.)
S = RC_HAGG+5
Hmin
= 20+5
= 25 mm
Actual clear horizontal spacing between the tension bars meets the requirement with regard to the minimum spacing limit.
Provide 2 number of 16 mm tension bars in one layer.

Check for max bar spacing for crack control (EC2-Clause 7.3.3-Table 7.3N)
Actual clear horizontal spacing between the tension bars in layer1
S = 314 mm
Hact
Service stress in tension bars
= (310/500)*f *(A /A )
ser yk sreq spro
= (310/500)*500*(206.88/402.12)
= 159.48 MPa
Allowed crack width
Wk = 0.30 mm
all
Maximum bar spacing for the parameters Wk and
all ser
The actual stress in tension reinf't is less 160 MPa, the max bar spacing falls outside the range. Hence the max bar spacing is
considered as 300 mm.
S = 300.00 mm
Hmax
Actual clear horizontal spacing between the tension bars in layer1 exceeds the maximum bar spacing limit for crack
control. Hence maximum bar spacing will be considered for design.

Increase one tension bar in layer1


N = N +1
tlay1 tlay1
= 2+1
= 3
Revised actual clear horizontal spacing between the tension bars in layer1
S = (b -2*C -2* -2*bendradi-(N -1)* )/(N -1)
Hact w sid links tlay1 ten tlay1
= (450-2*30-2*10-2*20-(3-1)*16)/(3-1)
= 149 mm
Revised tension reinforcement area
A = A *N
spro s tlay1
= 201*3
= 603 mm2
Revised service stress in tension bars
= (310/500)*(f )*(A /A )
ser yk sreq spro
= (310/500)*(500)*(206.88/603.19)
= 106.32 MPa
Revised maximum bar spacing limit for the parameters Wk and , after interpolation
all ser
S = 300.00 mm
Hmax
Hence provide 3 nos. of 16 mm tension bars in layer1

Check for limiting neutral axis depth


Actual neutral axis depth based on the provided tension reinforcement area
X = 19.28 mm
act
Depth of the * X axis lies in flange portion
act
Actual depth of neutral axis meets the requirement of limiting depth for elastic analysis.

Ultimate design LH support moment-Hogging


M = M
left
30.3 kNm
Tension reinforcement bars are provided in top face.
Check for nominal concrete cover to link reinforcement
Minimum concrete cover to link reinforcement based on main reinforcement bond requirement (EC2-Table 4.2)
Top face
C = -
bondtop ten links
= 16-10
= 6 mm
Bottom face
C = -
bondbtm com links
= 16-10
= 6 mm
Side faces
C = -
bondsid ten links
= 16-10
= 6 mm
Minimum concrete cover to link reinforcement based on durability requirement (UK National Annex to EC2-Table NA.1)
Top, bottom and side faces
C = 15 mm
dur
Nominal concrete cover requirement to link reinforcement (EC2-Clause 4.4.1.1)
Top face
C = C +C
nomtop dur dev
= 15+10
= 25 mm
Bottom face
C = C +C
nombtm dur dev
= 15+10
= 25 mm
Sides faces
C = C +C
nomsid dur dev
= 15+10
= 25 mm
The specified top, bottom and sides covers satisfies the bond/durability requirement plus allowance for deviation.

Effective depth
d = d-C - - /2
eff top links ten
= 600-30-10-16/2
= 552 mm
Effective cover
d' = C + + /2
eff btm links com
= 30+10+16/2
= 48 mm
K - Value
K = (M*106)/(b *(d 2)*f )
w eff ck
= (30.281*106)/(450*((552)2)*30)
= 0.00736
K' - Value
Ratio of redistribution of moments
= (1-PERCENTR/100)
= (1-0/100)
= 1
Co-efficient for moment redistribution - k1 (UK National Annex to EC2-Subclause 5.5(4)-Table NA.1)
k1 = 0.4
Ultimate compressive strain in concrete (EC2-Table 3.1)
= 0.0035
cu3
Co-efficient for moment redistribution - k2 (UK National Annex to EC2-Subclause 5.5(4)-Table NA.1)
k2 = (0.6+0.0014/ )
cu3
= (0.6+0.0014/0.0035)
= 1
Limiting depth of the neutral axis for elastic analysis (EC2-Clause 5.5)
X = ((-k1)/k2)*d
lim eff
= ((1-0.4)/1)*552
= 331.2 mm
Coefficient taking account of long effects on the compressive strength and of unfavourable effects
(UK National Annex to EC2-Subclause 3.1.6(1)P-Table NA.1)
= 0.85
cc
Factor defining the effective height of compression zone for rectangular stress diagram (EC2-Clause 3.1.7)
= 0.8
Factor defining the effective strength of concrete (EC2-Clause 3.1.7)
= 1
K' - Value
K' = *X ***(d -*X /2)/((d 2)* )
cc lim eff lim eff c
= 0.85*331.2*1*0.8*(552-0.8*331.2/2)/(((552)2)*1.5)
= 0.207
K is less than K'. Hence design the section as singly reinforced section.

Required reinforcement area


Actual neutral axis depth based on design moment
X = (d /)*(1-SQR(1-2* *K/( *)))
act eff c cc
= (552/0.8)*(1-SQR(1-2*1.5*(7.36*10-3)/(0.85*1)))
= 9.02 mm
The depth of the * X lies in web portion
act
Lever arm
Z = d -*X /2
eff act
= 552-0.8*9.02/2
= 548.39 mm
Since lever arm exceeds 0.95 times effective depth. consider the limiting value
Z = 0.95*d
eff
= 0.95*552
= 524.4 mm
Design tensile strength of steel
f = f /
yd yk s
= 500/1.15
= 434.78 N/mm2
Required tension reinforcement area
A = (M*(106))/(f *Z)
sreq yd
= (30.28*(106))/(434.78*524.4)
= 132.81 mm2

Provided reinforcement area


Area of single tension bar
A = ( 2)*(PI/4)
s ten
= ((16)2)*(3/4)
= 201 mm2
Number of tension bars
N = INT(A /A )+1
t sreq s
= INT(133/201)+1
= 1
Since the number of tension bars is than 2, provide 2 bars
N = 2
t
Provided tension reinforcement area
A = N *A
spro t s
= 2*201
= 402 mm2
Use 2 nos. of 16 mm tension bars

Check for minimum reinforcement limit (EC2-Clause 9.2.1.1)


Mean value of concrete cylinder compressive strength
f = f +8
cm ck
= 30+8
= 38 MPa
Mean value of axial tensile strength of concrete
f = 0.3*(f )(2/3)
ctm ck
= 0.3*(30)(2/3)
= 2.9 MPa
Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete
E = 22*((f /10)0.3)*1000
cm cm
= 22*((38/10)0.3)*1000
= 32836.57 MPa
Modular ratio
n = E /E
s cm
= 200000/32836.57
= 6.09
Area of concrete within tensile zone, which is calculated to be in tension just before formation of the first crack
A = b *(d-(d*b *d/2+d *n*d )/(b *d+d *n))
ct w w eff eff w eff
= 450*(600-(600*450*600/2+552*6.09*552)/(450*600+552*6.09))
= 133605.28 mm2
Coefficient for stress distribution within the section immediately prior to cracking and of the change of the lever arm
k = 0.4 (for bending without axial force)
c
Coefficient which allows for the effect of non-uniform self-equilibrating stresses
k = 1-(((d-300)/(800-300))*(1-0.65))
d
= 1-(((600-300)/(800-300))*(1-0.65))
= 0.79
Minimum reinforcement based on crack-width control
A = k *k *A *(f /f )
smin1 c d ct ctm yk
= 0.4*0.79*133605.3*(2.9/500)
= 244.57 mm2
Minimum reinforcement based on cross-section
A = (0.26*(f /f )*b *d )
smin2 ctm yk w eff
= (0.26*(2.9/500)*450*552)
= 374.13 mm2
A = (0.0013*b *d )
smin3 w eff
= (0.0013*450*552)
= 322.92 mm2
Minimum reinforcement
A = A
smin smin2
374.13 mm2
Provided tension reinforcement area is greater than the minimum reinforcement limit.

Check for maximum reinforcement limit (EC2-Clause 9.2.1.1)


Overall maximum reinforcement
A = 0.04*b *d
smax w
= 0.04*450*600
= 10800 mm2
Provided tension reinforcement area is less than the maximum reinforcement limit.

Check for minimum horizontal spacing limit for tension bars


Link standard internal bend radius (UK National Annex to EC2-Table NA.6a)
bendradi = 2*
links
= 2*10
= 20 mm
Actual clear horizontal spacing between the tension bars for single layer
S = (b -2*C -2* -2*bendradi-(N -1)* )/(N -1)
Hact w sid links t ten t
= (450-2*30-2*10-2*20-(2-1)*16)/(2-1)
= 314 mm
Minimum horizontal spacing limit for tension bars (EC2-Clause 8.2.)
S = RC_HAGG+5
Hmin
= 20+5
= 25 mm
Actual clear horizontal spacing between the tension bars meets the requirement with regard to the minimum spacing limit.
Provide 2 number of 16 mm tension bars in one layer.

Check for max bar spacing for crack control (EC2-Clause 7.3.3-Table 7.3N)
Actual clear horizontal spacing between the tension bars in layer1
S = 314 mm
Hact
Service stress in tension bars
= (310/500)*f *(A /A )
ser yk sreq spro
= (310/500)*500*(132.81/402.12)
= 102.39 MPa
Allowed crack width
Wk = 0.30 mm
all
Maximum bar spacing for the parameters Wk and
all ser
The actual stress in tension reinf't is less 160 MPa, the max bar spacing falls outside the range. Hence the max bar spacing is
considered as 300 mm.
S = 300.00 mm
Hmax
Actual clear horizontal spacing between the tension bars in layer1 exceeds the maximum bar spacing limit for crack
control. Hence maximum bar spacing will be considered for design.

Increase one tension bar in layer1


N = N +1
tlay1 tlay1
= 2+1
= 3
Revised actual clear horizontal spacing between the tension bars in layer1
S = (b -2*C -2* -2*bendradi-(N -1)* )/(N -1)
Hact w sid links tlay1 ten tlay1
= (450-2*30-2*10-2*20-(3-1)*16)/(3-1)
= 149 mm
Revised tension reinforcement area
A = A *N
spro s tlay1
= 201*3
= 603 mm2
Revised service stress in tension bars
= (310/500)*(f )*(A /A )
ser yk sreq spro
= (310/500)*(500)*(132.81/603.19)
= 68.26 MPa
Revised maximum bar spacing limit for the parameters Wk and , after interpolation
all ser
S = 300.00 mm
Hmax
Hence provide 3 nos. of 16 mm tension bars in layer1

Check for limiting neutral axis depth


Actual neutral axis depth based on the provided tension reinforcement area
X = 42.85 mm
act
Depth of the * X axis lies in web portion
act
Actual depth of neutral axis meets the requirement of limiting depth for elastic analysis.

Link reinforcement calculations


Ultimate design positive shear force at LH support
V = V
ed left
81.34 kN
The LH support moment is negative, the shear design will be based on the provision of 100% of the area of LH support top
reinforcement, fully anchored at the support. The effective area of tension reinforcement is 603.19 mm 2 and the effective
depth is 552 mm.
Provided tension reinforcement area
A = A
sl spro
603.19 mm2
Effective depth of tension reinforcement
d = 552 mm
eff
Actual neutral axis based on provided reinforcement
X = 42.85 mm
act
Strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear
v = 0.6*(1-f /250)
ck
= 0.6*(1-30/250)
= 0.53
Design compressive strength of concrete (EC2-Clause 3.1.6)
f = *f /
cd cc ck c
= 0.85*30/1.5
= 17 MPa
Maximum shear resistance limit
V = 0.5*b *d *v*f /(103)
max w eff cd
= 0.5*450*552*0.53*17/(103)
= 1114.82 kN
Design shear force meets the requirement of maximum shear resistance limit.
Provided tension reinforcement ratio
= A /(b *d )
1 sl w eff
= 603.19/(450*552)
= 0.0024
Coefficient for concrete partial safety factor
C = 0.18/
rd c
= 0.18/1.5
= 0.12
Coefficient for effective depth
k = 1+SQR(200/d )
eff
= 1+SQR(200/552)
= 1.6
V value
min
V = 0.035*((k)(3/2))*(f (1/2))
min ck
= 0.035*((1.6)(3/2))*((30)(1/2))
= 0.39 MPa
Stress due to axial force in the cross-section
= 0
cp
Coefficient for axial stress
K = 0.15
1
Minimum shear resistance limit
V = (V +K * )*b *d/(103)
rdc min 1 cp w
= (0.39+0.15*0)*450*600/(103)
= 104.94 kN
Design shear force is less than the minimum shear resistance limit. Hence provide minimum link reinforcement area.
Minimum shear reinforcement ratio (EC2-Clause 9.2.2)
= (0.08*SQR(f ))/f
m ck yk
= (0.08*SQR(30))/500
= 0.00088
Angle between shear reinforcement and the longitudinal axis
= 90 degrees
Provided link reinforcement area
A = ( 2)*(PI/4)*N
sw links leg
= ((10)2)*(3/4)*2
= 157 mm2
Link spacing
S = A /( *b *SIN())
v sw m w
= 157/((9*10-4)*450*SIN(90))
= 446 mm
Recommend maximum link spacing
S = 1*d
vm eff
= 1*552
= 414 mm
The link spacing exceeds the recommend maximum spacing. Hence provide the maximum spacing.
S = 414 mm
v

Ultimate design negative shear force at RH support


V = V
ed right
61.16 kN
The RH support moment is zero, the shear design will be based on the provision a minimum of 50% of the area of span bottom
reinforcement, fully anchored at the support. The effective area of tension reinforcement is 301.59 mm 2 and the effective
depth is 552 mm.
Provided tension reinforcement area
A = A
sl spro
301.59 mm2
Effective depth of tension reinforcement
d = 552 mm
eff
Actual neutral axis based on provided reinforcement
X = 19.28 mm
act
Strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear
v = 0.6*(1-f /250)
ck
= 0.6*(1-30/250)
= 0.53
Design compressive strength of concrete (EC2-Clause 3.1.6)
f = *f /
cd cc ck c
= 0.85*30/1.5
= 17 MPa
Maximum shear resistance limit
V = 0.5*b *d *v*f /(103)
max w eff cd
= 0.5*450*552*0.53*17/(103)
= 1114.82 kN
Design shear force meets the requirement of maximum shear resistance limit.
Provided tension reinforcement ratio
= A /(b *d )
1 sl w eff
= 301.59/(450*552)
= 0.0012
Coefficient for concrete partial safety factor
C = 0.18/
rd c
= 0.18/1.5
= 0.12
Coefficient for effective depth
k = 1+SQR(200/d )
eff
= 1+SQR(200/552)
= 1.6
V value
min
V = 0.035*((k)(3/2))*(f (1/2))
min ck
= 0.035*((1.6)(3/2))*((30)(1/2))
= 0.39 MPa
Stress due to axial force in the cross-section
= 0
cp
Coefficient for axial stress
K = 0.15
1
Minimum shear resistance limit
V = (V +K * )*b *d/(103)
rdc min 1 cp w
= (0.39+0.15*0)*450*600/(103)
= 104.94 kN
Design shear force is less than the minimum shear resistance limit. Hence provide minimum link reinforcement area.
Minimum shear reinforcement ratio (EC2-Clause 9.2.2)
= (0.08*SQR(f ))/f
m ck yk
= (0.08*SQR(30))/500
= 0.00088
Angle between shear reinforcement and the longitudinal axis
= 90 degrees
Provided link reinforcement area
A = ( 2)*(PI/4)*N
sw links leg
= ((10)2)*(3/4)*2
= 157 mm2
Link spacing
S = A /( *b *SIN())
v sw m w
= 157/((9*10-4)*450*SIN(90))
= 446 mm
Recommend maximum link spacing
S = 1*d
vm eff
= 1*552
= 414 mm
The link spacing exceeds the recommend maximum spacing. Hence provide the maximum spacing.
S = 414 mm
v

Deflection check details (EC2-Clause 7.4.2)


Factor to take into account the different structural systems
K = 1.3 (Continuous beam-Exterior span)
Reference reinforcement ratio
= SQR(f )/(103)
0 ck
= SQR(30)/(103)
= 0.0055
Tension bar reinforcement ratio
= A /(b *d )
sreq w eff
= 206.88/(450*552)
= 0.00083
Compression bar reinforcement ratio
' = 0
Limiting span/effective depth ratio
L/d = K*(11+1.5*SQR(f )*( /)+3.2*SQR(f )*(( /-1)(3/2)))
lim ck 0 ck 0
= 1.3*(11+1.5*SQR(30)*((5.48*10-3)/(8.33*10-4))+3.2*SQR(30)*(((5.48*10-3)/(8.33*10-4)-1)(3/2)))
= 384.61
Modified limiting span/effective depth ratio other than 310 MPa service stress
L/d = L/d *(310/ )
lim lim ser
= 384.61*(310/106.32)
= 1121.4
Actual span/effective depth ratio
L/d = span*(1000.000)/d
act eff
= 3.000*(1000.000)/552.000
= 5.435
Actual span/effective depth ratio meets the limiting span/effective depth ratio requirement.

Crack width check details (EC2-Clause 7.3.4)


Allowed crack width
Wk = 0.3 mm
all
Coefficient for type of reinforcement bar
k = 0.8 (Ribbed bars)
1
Coefficient which takes account of the distribution of strain
k = 0.5 (for bending)
2
Coefficient recommended for maximum crack spacing
k = 3.4
3
Coefficient recommended for maximum crack spacing
k = 0.425
4
Span moment-Sagging
Effective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinforcement
A = b *(2.5*(d-d ))
ceff w eff
= 450*(2.5*(600-552))
= 54000 mm2
Ratio of A /A
spro ceff
= A /A
peff spro ceff
= 603.19/54000
= 0.011
Diameter size/equivalent diameter size of tension reinforcement bars
= (N * 2)/(N * )
eq tlay1 ten tlay1 ten
= (3*(16)2)/(3*16)
= 16 mm
Maximum final crack spacing
Sr = ((k *(C ))+(k *k *k *( / )))
max 3 btm 1 2 4 eq peff
= ((3.4*(30))+(0.8*0.5*0.43*(16/(1.12*10-2))))
= 345.51 mm
Actual crack width
Wk = Sr *0.6*( /E )
act max ser s
= 345.507*0.6*(106.321/200000)
= 0.11 mm
Actual crack width meets the requirement of allowed crack width limit.

LH support moment-Hogging
Effective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinforcement
A = b *(2.5*(d-d ))
ceff w eff
= 450*(2.5*(600-552))
= 54000 mm2
Ratio of A /A
spro ceff
= A /A
peff spro ceff
= 603.19/54000
= 0.011
Diameter size/equivalent diameter size of tension reinforcement bars
= (N * 2)/(N * )
eq tlay1 ten tlay1 ten
= (3*(16)2)/(3*16)
= 16 mm
Maximum final crack spacing
Sr = ((k *(C ))+(k *k *k *( / )))
max 3 top 1 2 4 eq peff
= ((3.4*(30))+(0.8*0.5*0.43*(16/(1.12*10-2))))
= 345.51 mm
Actual crack width
Wk = Sr *0.6*( /E )
act max ser s
= 345.507*0.6*(68.257/200000)
= 0.0708 mm
Actual crack width meets the requirement of allowed crack width limit.

Result summary

Main reinforcement details


Characteristic strength of reinforcement steel = 500 N/mm2
Characteristic cylinder strength of concrete = 30 N/mm2

Nominal cover criteria - Pass

Maximum ultimate design span moment-Sagging


Singly reinforced section-Provide tension bars in bottom face

Number of layer = 1
Area of tension bars required = 207 mm2
Area of tension bars provided = 603 mm2
Tension bar diameter = 16 mm
Number of tension bars in first layer = 3

Actual neutral axis depth = 19.28 mm


Limiting neutral axis depth = 331.2 mm
Limiting neutral axis criteria - Pass

Ultimate design LH support moment-Hogging


Singly reinforced section-Provide tension bars in top face

Number of layer = 1
Area of tension bars required = 133 mm2
Area of tension bars provided = 603 mm2
Tension bar diameter = 16 mm
Number of tension bars in first layer = 3

Actual neutral axis depth = 42.85 mm


Limiting neutral axis depth = 331.2 mm
Limiting neutral axis criteria - Pass

Link reinforcement details


Number of legs = 2
Link bar diameter = 10 mm
LH support-Spacing of link = 414 mm
RH support-Spacing of link = 414 mm

Deflection check details


Limiting span to effective depth ratio = 1121.4
Actual span to effective depth ratio = 5.43
Deflection criteria - Pass

Crack width check details


Allowed crack width = 0.3 mm
Span-Actual crack width = 0.11 mm
Crack width criteria - Pass
LH support-Actual crack width = 0.0708 mm
Crack width criteria - Pass

Anda mungkin juga menyukai